Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mélanges de thermoplastiques'
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Sghaier, Tessnim. "Mélanges thermoplastiques souples comme substrats d'antennes : formulations et caractérisations." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4084.
Full textThe multitude of communicating systems operating at high frequencies associated to the evolution of flexible electronics have increased the interest in developing and studying soft polymers as light and low cost dielectric substrates for patch antenna. Nevertheless, due to their high loss at high frequencies, simple polymers hinder the final performances of the antenna. Regarding to that aspect, the main objective of the PhD project is to develop soft styrenic thermoplastic blends as substrates for patch antenna in the X-band. The main interest of the blends is that the final properties such as the dielectric and the mechanical ones can be tuned. Hence, the choice of the formulations of the thermoplastic blends based on styrenic copolymers was driven by the quest of a compromise between dielectric loss and softness. For the new soft developed substrates, a broadband dielectric characterization methodology has been established. The influence of the blends composition on the dielectric properties has been studied. The dielectric characteristics of the thermoplastic blends proved their potential as substrates for antenna operating at microwave frequencies. Consequently, the antenna fabrication protocol has been presented and the performances of antennas based on different blends have been analyzed and compared to literature
Frerejean, Valérie. "Mélanges de polymères thermoplastiques PE-PS-PVC : application au recyclage." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0029.
Full textThe background of this study is the recycling of wasted polymers in mix. The first bibliographic part introduces thermodynamic et rheological parameters, which control the state of dispersion of polymer blends, and describes the different ways of compatibility. We worked on binary and ternary blends of raw Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polystyrene (PS) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) prepared in a twin screw extruder or in an internal mixer. We improved the compatibility of these blends with the introduction of copolymers. Some of them are original and their synthesis and characterizations are described in the second part, the others are commercial ones. The third part deals with LDPE/PS blends from a morphological, a rheological and a mechanical point of view. We see that, when the blends are without additives, the thermomechanical history affects the state of dispersion, whereas when they are compatibilized, it's the inter-facial tension. We also show that there are not necessarily connections between the improvement of mechanical properties and dispersion. Composition and internal properties of copolymer added give the tendencies for the modifications of mechanical properties, sometimes without link with the morphology. We describe the case of 50LDPE/25PS/25PVC blends in the last part. The morphology of the neat blend at the exit of the twin screw extruder is at two levels: the PS is included as nodules in the PVC phases, within a LDPE matrix. Therefore by adding two or three copolymers adapted for a given interface we change totally the initial morphology
Lagreve, Christian. "Renforcements des thermoplastiques : applications de mélanges de polymères en câblerie." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10023.
Full textTeyssandier, Fabien. "Formulation et morphologies de mélanges de polymères thermoplastiques à base d'amidon." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708484.
Full textKallel-Kossentini, Tasnim. "Étude de mélanges PE/PS : contribution au recyclage." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0050/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the effect of formulation and processing on the recycling of PE and PS blends with and without model pollutants. The study has both a technological and scientific approach devoted to study the effect of different tools for blending on morphologies and properties. Virgin resins were used with and without model pollutants that were chosen basing on the problems of recycling in the car industry. The pollutants were the major component of antifreezes (monoethylene glycol) and an oil for engines (Total Activa 7000, 10W40). It appears that traces of ethylene glycol are not desirable when recycling blends of polyolefins. On the other hand, the oil strongly improves the resistance to impact and the properties of PE/PS blends by playing the role of a plasticizer
Dominguez, Sébastien. "Relation structure/propriétés de polymères et mélanges thermoplastiques thermostables - Applications Aéronautiques Hautes Températures." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3031/document.
Full textThis PhD work presents the fabrication, processing and characterizations of thermoplastic thermostable polymer blends. It aims at finding new materials useable at high temperatures for aeronautical applications. Poly(ether ketone ketone), PEKK, a semi-crystalline polymer, has been chosen for its high glass transition temperature (Tg) and high melting point (Tf). Amorphous polyimides, that have been used for their high Tg, are Poly(ether imide), PEI, and Polyimide, PI. The aim of these blends is to increase the Tg of the PEKK without increasing its Tf. We have measured the thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of each neat polymer and the processing conditions of the blends have been defined. The properties of the blends have been characterized by thermomechanical analyses, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile tests to focus on the better candidates for the aimed applications. The classical empirical models of the Tg composition dependence take only into account the blends composition. We propose to correct them taking into account the crystallinity level, that affects the blends composition and predict a better prediction of the Tg . The short term ageing of these polymer blends specimens in a commonly used aeronautic fluid has also been studied, and showed the protection effect of the PEKK polymer in the blends
Crohare, Adeline. "Mélanges de polymères thermoplastiques, compatibilisés par des liquides ioniques, pour le développement de multifilaments." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI029.
Full textThis work highlights the role of ionic liquids (ILs) as compatibilizers in immiscible polymer blends to increase the springback of polyamide or polyester multiyarns due to the presence of elastomeric nodules. The influence of ionic liquid nature on the morphology of PA66/rubber and PET/rubber blends and on thermal, rheological and mechanical properties has been investigated. The incorporation of only 1 wt% of ionic liquids leads to a decrease of interfacial tension between the polymers. The morphology of blends can be tuned by the chemical nature of ionic liquids to reduce largely the nodule size of the dispersed phase and/or to generate fibrillar shape morphology. The reduction of particles size leads to an improvement of mechanical properties with an increase of elongation at break and the same stiffness. Moreover the incorporation of IL has no effect on the viscosity of blends. Several formulations could be spun and prototypes of fabric and tennis racket strings could be made with multiyarns
Schut, Jacobus Arno. "Mélanges du polystyrène syndiotactique et d'un système epoxy-amine thermodurcissable : élaboration et caractérisation." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0101/these.pdf.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis were threefold: 1. To improve the processability of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) by reactive processing it with an epoxy-amine solvent system; 2. To generate new blend morphologies by using the crystallization of sPS as a variable parameter; 3. To establish the relationship: Processing – morphology –Mechanical properties of sPS-Epoxy thermoplastic thermoset polymer blends. The first part of this work consisted of the characterization of the crystalline and phase properties of uncured sPS epoxy blends. The second part dealt with the processing and properties of cured blends of sPS/epoxy-amine. The phase-separated morphologies in the cured blends were either generated by reaction induced phase separation (RIPS) or crystallization induced phase separation (CIPS). The presence of 3-wt % of sPS particles (RIPS morphology) was found to increase the fracture toughness of epoxy resin by a factor of 2. 3
Ville, Julien. "Alliages de thermoplastiques immiscibles polyéthylènes-polyamide chargés de nanoparticules d'argile : relations structure, morphologie, rhéologie." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2001.
Full textThe originality of this study is to compare structural, morphological and rheological characteristics of two ternary blends having a nodular morphology: the first one, a polyethylene (PE) matrix blend and the other one, a polyamide (FA) matrix blend. The organoclay used is a modified montmorillonite (C30B) having a good affinity towards PA. One of the main results of this study is the drastic nodules size reduction by adding small fractions of organoclay. Mechanisms, responsible of this size reduction, depend on clay location. Clay localized at the interface favours the formation of an interphase. In this case, the nodule size reduction is attributed to the coalescence suppression (internodular steric repulsion) combined with the decrease of interfacial tension. The dispersion of clay in the matrix generates. An increase of the viscosity, favouring the mechanism of rupture of nodules. Moreover, the nodule size reduction is amplified by suppressing coalescence due to the dispersion of clay in the matrix. The linear viscoelastic properties are discussed in relation to structure and morphology. The rheological behaviour of PE matrix blends is closed to that of the PE/PA neat blend. On the other hand, PA matrix blend behaviour is comparable to that of PA/C30B nanocomposites. At low clay fractions, we also showed that the use of a PA/C30B masterbatch for the preparation of samples improves the level of intercalation and exfoliation degree of clay, so modifying mechanisms responsible of nodule size reduction
Girard-Reydet, Emmanuel. "Phénomène de séparation de phase induit par une réaction chimique dans des mélanges thermoplastique/polyépoxy : contrôle des morphologies et propriétés." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0108.
Full textOur aim was to improve fracture toughness of brittle epoxy networks by using thermoplastic additives through the reaction-induced phase separation procedure. The main advantage of this procedure is the possibility of generating a variety of morphologies within the final material. However, the control of these morphologies and subsequent mechanical properties requires an effective control of every factor affecting the kinetic and the thermodynamic of the blend and the understanding of phase separation mechanisms. The fracture toughness was significantly improved only when bicontinuous or inverted structures were generated, resulting from the plastic drawning of the thermoplastic-rich phase. Alternatively, before phase inversion, no mechanical reinforcement was measured due to poor interfacial adhesion. The use of triblock copolymers was found to be a suitable way to improve fracture toughness of brittle thermoplastic/thermoset blends while maintaining a continuous thermoset phase
Fine, Thomas. "Etude du comportement de copolymères à blocs ABC en solvants réactifs : application à la compatibilisation de mélanges de polymères thermoplastique / thermodurcissable." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0081/these.pdf.
Full textIn the field of polymer blends, the emulsifying activity of the block copolymers are very often used to compatibilise two immiscible polymers. On the other hand, what is more unusual is their use in thermoplastic/thermoset (TP/TS) polymer blends, what will represent our major axe of research. In this type of blends, the two phases structure is created during the polymerization of the TS precursor, the increase of its molar mass inducing a phase separation of the initially miscible system. The block copolymers used in this study are ABC type, which means that each block has a different chemical nature. The choice of the two extrem block has been done in order to obtain their respective miscibility in the TS rich phase and the TP rich phase. The middle block is an elastomeric one in order to create the best mechanical enhancement of the blends. The complexity of the systems lead us, in a first time, to the study of the thermodynamic of ternary systems based on two homopolymers and a diepoxy prepolymer. In a second time, we have focused our work on the behavior of the ABC block copolymer in the reactive solvent, and in particular on the influence of the middle block on the order-disorder transition of the solutions. We have then study the TP/TS/block copolymers systems by first discussing the organisation of the blends before polymerisation, then the evolution of the morphology during polymerisation and finally to evaluate the mechanical strength of this new compatibilised materials
Gallu, Raïssa. "Design de polyuréthanes thermoplastiques (TPU) et étude des morphologies multi-échelles de mélanges bitume / TPU." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI087.
Full textThermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) containing hard and soft segments with variable molecular architecture are synthesized in two steps, the first one including a polyurethane pre-polymer. The microstructure of theses polymers shows phase separation occurring between soft and hard segments according to the nature of the segments. Hard segments can organize under two forms, either amorphous or crystalline. The morphology of TPU depends on the chemical structure of the hard segment involved. Incompatibility between soft and hard segments was highlighted from solubility parameters analysis, complete with characterization at various scales with microscopy (electron and AFM) and X-ray scattering technics. Theses thermoplastic polyurethanes are used to prepare bitumen-polymer blends. Interactions between the polymer segments and bitumen fractions are studied, considering solubility parameters of each of them and swelling measurements in order to study miscibility between the compounds. Model oils are used in the aims of mimicking some oily fractions of bitumen, and soft and hard segments are separately synthesized to study properties of each phases in the bitumen-polymer mixture. Multi-scale morphology of the blends is studied in connection with rheological properties and structure of the used polymer. The addition of polymer in bitumen allows to modify viscoelastic properties of bitumen beyond its glass transition due to the selective swelling of the polymer by the oily fractions. Having highlighted and analyzed the selective swelling by considering solubility parameters and interfacial tension measurements, we show that the presence of a continuous polymer-rich phase containing semi-crystalline hard segments in the blends leads to delay the flow of the bituminous material at highest temperatures. The oil composition of this polymer-rich phase will depend on its affinity with the fractions of bitumen and thus on the chemical structure of the polymer. In addition, semi-crystalline hard segment content of the polymer is also a key parameter allowing to adjust its affinity with bitumen and consequently on rheological properties of the bitumen-polymer mixture
Besson, François. "Mélanges de polymères thermoplastiques à matrice biosourcée : amélioration de la résistance au choc d'un dérivé cellulosique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00971268.
Full textConstantin, François. "Mélanges Thermoplastique / Thermodurcissable à base d'époxy permettant la mise en oeuvre et la post-réticulation d'un poly(hydroxy-amino-éther)." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0097/these.pdf.
Full textThis work aims at studying Thermoplastic/DGEBA epoxy (Diglycidyl ether of Bipshenol-A) Thermoset blends based on a new poly(hydroxy-amino-ether), called BLOX. The introduction of the epoxy monomer in the thermoplastic thanks to an extruder has two main advantages. – The TP processability of is increased because the DGEBA/BLOX viscosity is lower than the TP one. Blends are miscible over the entire BLOX concentration. – They are post-crosslinkable when heating, with or without hardener. Without, etherification reactions appear and with hardeners, reactions of BLOX epoxy end-chains on the growing epoxy network lead to transparent samples. Initial properties of the blend and final ones of the network are discussed with the thermoplastic content and the industrial applications
Ville, Julien. "Alliages de thermoplastiques immiscibles Polyéthylène/Polyamide chargés de nanoparticules d'argile : relations structure – morphologie – rhéologie." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00397353.
Full textL'un des principaux résultats est que l'ajout de faibles fractions d'argile réduit considérablement la taille des nodules. Les mécanismes responsables de cette réduction de taille dépendent de la localisation de l'argile. L'argile localisée à l'interface favorise la formation d'une interphase. Dans ce cas, la réduction de la taille des nodules est attribuée à la suppression de la coalescence (effet stérique inter-nodulaire) combinée à une réduction de la tension interfaciale apparente. L'argile présente dans la matrice engendre une augmentation de la viscosité de cette dernière, favorisant la rupture des nodules. Elle génère aussi un effet barrière à la coalescence, amplifiant la réduction de la taille des nodules.
Les propriétés viscoélastiques linéaires sont discutées en relation avec la structure et la morphologie. Le comportement rhéologique des systèmes ternaires à matrice PE est proche de celui du mélange PE/PA tandis que les systèmes à matrice PA suffisamment chargés ont un comportement comparable à celui d'un nanocomposite PA/C30B.
Pour de faibles taux de charge, nous avons aussi montré que l'utilisation d'un mélange maître lors de l'élaboration améliore le niveau d'intercalation et le degré d'exfoliation de l'argile, et modifie les différents mécanismes responsables de la réduction en taille des nodules.
El, Hajj Sleiman Ghinwa. "Aptitude à la mise en oeuvre de thermoplastiques recyclés et de biopolymère : analyse thermorhéologique de mélanges PP/PE." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4029/document.
Full textThis work deals with the effect of the presence of pollutants on the thermo-rheological behavior of recycled thermoplastics during process. We have realized multiple of experiments on models of recycled thermoplastics (mixtures of PP/PE knowing their relative concentrations). The pressure and the temperature within the flow were measured using a device that was developed in a previous work. The experimental results show an effect more visible on the measured pressure drops due to the dilute presence of PP in PE than that of the dilute presence of PE in PP. These observations can be explained by the different morphologies established in the flow. In order to confirm the hypotheses predicted on the morphologies of the mixtures, a finite element model was developed. To study the sensibility of the measureable parameters, pressure and temperature, with respect to the volume fraction of PE, we have developed an analytical model, Einstein power law, that describes the viscosity of the mixture of PP/PE with a dilute presence of PE. Concerning the mixture of PP/PE with a dilute presence of PP, we found that the Lees model is the best to describe the viscosity of such mixtures
Lusinchi, Jean-Marie. "Optimisation des propriétés des mélanges de polyéthylène térephtalate avec les polyoléfines et le PVC." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20192.
Full textDuval, Thomas. "Développement de nouveaux alliages thermoplastiques pour l'aéronautique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20254.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to create new thermoplastic blends exhibiting improved processability incomparison with high performance aeronautical thermoplastics. These materials are dedicated tointegrating pressurized avionic structures.To reach the specific aeronautical specifications, an incompatible polymer blend made ofpolyetheretherketone PEEK and liquid crystalline polymers LCP is chosen. The particular flow conditionsset for the compounding ensure the blend a fibrillar morphology.First, the material rheological properties are characterized so as to confirm that the processabilityspecifications are met. The viscosity drop causes are explained and grant the maintaining of therheological performances in any processing configuration.The study then focuses on the blend crystallinity properties in order to determine whether two interlinkedsemi-crystalline structures do not impede the thermomechanical performances.At last, a characterization campaign is led to compare the blend performances with the demandedaeronautical specifications
Karrad, Sahnoune. "Mélanges composites PEHD/PS/Talc : application au recyclage." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20036.
Full textCoulibaly, Mamadou. "Modélisation micromécanique et caractérisation expérimentale du comportement des matériaux hétérogènes élastoviscoplastiques : application à la valorisation des polymères recyclés." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ033S/document.
Full textThis work relates to the modelling of mechanical behavior of elastoviscoplastic heterogeneous composites with the aim of an application to recycled polymers. Therefore, our study investigates the effect of the presence of impurities or strengthening agents on the mechanical behaviour of widely distributed thermoplastic polymers. In this way, a model based on a micromechanical approach is carried out on such materials. However, the complexity of elastoviscoplastic behaviour, that involves the hereditary type of material and induces a space/time coupling, is due to the presence of delayed mechanical interactions that scale transition should try to take into account. Considering the complexity of numerical implementation in hereditary approaches, internal variables approaches are privileged for their numerical simplicity. Within this framework, this development is intended to provide a general approach to the problem of scale transition. It relies on a new integral formulation of Eshelby inclusion problem. Then homogenization stage is carried out according to two methods : Mori-Tanaka estimate and self-consistent scheme. The results are presented and compared with those of other models and experimental results. The application to the case of linear viscoelasticity, the model used in this study led to the exact solution referring to Rougier hereditary model (Laplace-Carson Transform). In the non linear viscoelastic area, and with the aim of an application for recycling, a series of trials was conducted on polypropylene charged with talc
Hernandez, Avila Marcelo. "Etude de mélanges ternaires epoxyde/PMMA/montmorillonite : élaboration, contrôle de la morphologie et des propriétés." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0065/these.pdf.
Full textPMMA-epoxy-clay ternary composites have been prepared combining the polymerization induced phase separation phenomenon with two dispersion processing methods: a melt-blending and an ultrasonic-blending with solvent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis shows that phase separation between PMMA and epoxy network was obtained as spherical nodules in both processing methods. Organoclay particles were finely dispersed into thermosetting network and predominantly delaminated in ultrasonic-blending, whereas organoclays formed micrometer-sized aggregates in melt-blending. Exfoliation state has been investigated using Small Angle X-Ray scattering (SAXS) in cured systems and during reaction. For reacted systems, an exfoliation of platelets can occur through the de-aggregation of large agglomerates into smaller particles composed of a few platelets. For in-situ SAXS studies, the distribution of the thicknesses of diffusing entities and the evolution of this distribution with reaction time were followed. This technique has showed also that movements at a nanometer scale of clay tactoids are possible even after the gel point. The effect of thermoplastic PMMA and clay Cloisite 30B addition on the cure kinetics of an epoxy/amine thermosetting system was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It appeared that the addition of PMMA slow down the reaction up to the phase separation due to a dilution effect of the reactive species. In opposition, the presence of clay accelerates the reaction (probably due to a catalytic effect of some metal ions introduced with the clay) but it has no sensitive effect on the cloud point conversion in the presence of PMMA. The reactivity of different systems has been studied and one kinetic model has been developed for the ternary system with help of previous studies with binary systems. The mechanics properties of different composites have been evaluated and discussed with help of fracture surfaces obtained by scanning electron microscopy. It was showed that the best dispersion of surfaces of clay did not give the best resistance to fracture critical initiation
Leprêtre-Dropsit, Sophie. "Mise en oeuvre et propriétés des mélanges PET/polyoléfines en vue du recyclage d'emballages." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10140/document.
Full textPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyolefins (PE, PP ... ) are widely used for packaging applications (e.g., bottles) and generate a significant amount of waste. Recycling such thermoplastic materials avoiding costly sorting operations presents an economic and a scientific challenge because they are immiscible and semi-crystaIIine polymers. The aim of the study is to process binary (PET/PE, PET/PP) and temary (PET/PE/PP) blends, strongly unbalanced (0-90% by weight of PET), and compatibilized to maintain satisfactory mechanical performances in traction, impact and toughness. The recycled PET/polyolefins blends compatibilization by adding EGMA (ethylene copolymer-glycidyl methacrylate) leads to a decrease of polyolefins droplets size dispersed in the PET matrix, as weil as an improvement of interfacial conditions. The mechanical behavior (traction, impact and toughness) of blends tends to the ones of PET, when the average diameter of polyolefin inclusions is below a critical value of 3 µm. The study and modelisation of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of blends showed that EGMA and polyolefins play the role of a nucleating agent for the PET and accelerate the crystallization (without intluencing significantly the cristallinity rate). The mechanical properties of blends are more atfected by cristaIIization process modification than by morphological and interfacial changes
Boyard, Nicolas. "Etude physico-chimique et structurale de la copolymérisation de mélanges à base de polyester insaturé modifiés par des additifs thermoplastiques de faible masse moléculaire." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2056.
Full textLuna, Carlos Juana. "Traitement sous rayonnement ionisant de mélanges de polysaccharides et d'additifs organiques." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-355.pdf.
Full textLabaume, Isabelle. "Morphologie et rhéologie de mélanges polyéthylène / polyamide comptabilisés ou chargés de nanoparticules d'argile : mise en évidence et comparaison des propriétés d'interphase." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2071.
Full textThe objective is 1/ to contribute to a better characterization of the interphase, of its properties and of its influence on the structure and rheological behaviour of polyethylene/polyamide blends compatibilized either chemically or physically by addition of nanoclays, 2/ to compare the properties and interphase effects of systems chemically compatibilized with those of systems filled with clay nanoparticles. These works have been performed on four different polyethylene-polyamyde blends, with various viscosity ratio, compatibilized either with a maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene or filled with clay nanoparticules. The study of interphase properties shows that, for the two types of ternary blends studied, the molecular characteristics of polyethylene and polyamide significantly influence the interphase viscoelastic properties. One of the four polyethylene/polyamide couples leads to ternary systems, filled with claynanoparticles or chemically compatibilized, which ewhibit both identical nodular morphology and emulsifying effect, allowing the comparison of the two types of interphase. The results show that the clay/intercalated polyamide interphase has dissipative properties which are more marked than the interphase obtained from a chemical compatibilization. The modeling of the viscoelastic properties of both types of ternary systems, using the Palierne model, suggests the existence of complex relaxation mechanisms within these interphases, involving specific interactions between the three componenets of these blends
Beuguel, Quentin. "Systèmes multiphasiques à base de nanoparticules de talc synthétique : relations procédé - structure - rhéologie." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0046/document.
Full textAddition of clay nanoplatelets within a thermoplastic matrix or immiscible thermoplastic blend usually improves final properties of materials. Recently, a hydrogel containing talc nanoplatelets has been obtained from hydrothermal synthesis, opening possibilities of development of talc based nanomaterials, which could rival the nanocomposites based on organically modified clay.The presence of large amount of water in the mixing chamber leads to significant losses of inorganic matter and to the presence of a few synthetic talc aggregates. These observations require the use of a twin screw mini-extruder which is appropriate to the elaboration of innovative multiphase materials, such as the synthetic talc/polyamide nanocomposites or the synthetic talc/polyamide/polypropylene blends.The structure of nanocomposites based on synthetic talc is mainly composed of nanometric entities, but also of a few micrometric aggregates. It has been shown that an increase of the polarity of the polyamide favours the dispersion of synthetic talc at nanometric scale.In the case of filled blends, the synthetic talc particles are preferentially located within PA nodules. The reduction of nodule size is explained by the breakup of nodules, due to numerous cohesion defects between synthetic talc nanoparticles and polyamide dispersed phase. Moreover, increasing polypropylene matrix viscosity leads to a selective localization of the synthetic talc at the nodule/matrix interface.Relationships between structure and rheology of binary and ternary systems have been discussed
Chavez, Garcia Maria Graciela. "Étude des mélanges co-continus d'acide polylactique et d'amidon thermoplastique (PLA/TPS)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6165.
Full textTorres, Nadia. "Etude de la valorisation du PET seul ou en mélange avec du PEHD par recyclage mécanique." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20022.
Full textDeme, Florian. "Réalisation de mélanges farine plastifiée / polyester thermoplastique par extrusion bi-vis pour des applications films." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP0053.
Full textThis PhD thesis is part of the CEREMAT project, who aims to develop new, bio-based cereal materials. The consortium built around this project together four academic partners CEMEF, LPMM, LMI, and three industrial partners ENSCCF ULlCE, BARBER, Biobasic ENVIRONMENT. The scope of the project focuses on flexible films, films that can be used in agriculture (mulch films), tee-shirt bags or in the packaging sector. The work performed in this thesis involved the study of methods of compounding, for different varieties of maize flour, with different levels of plasticizers. The work showed significant differences depending on the flour or starch variety, based on the amylose (linear molecule) and amylopectin (hyperbranched molecule) content. In fact he amylose /amylopectin ration is completely changing the thermal, rheological properties of plasticized flour and consequently their processing skills. The morphologies of blends produced are also highly dependent on varieties, rates of plasticizers and specific mechanical energy applied during mixing. We have seen that by changing these parameters it was possible to adjust the blend's morphologies depending on the application aimed. These blends were made at pilot scale and on an industrial scale (200 kg per hour). Blend with finest morphologies have been used to make films about 10μm thickness on industrial production lines
Meynié, Laure. "Evolution et contrôle de la morphologie d'un mélange thermoplastique / thermodurcissable polymérisé sous cisaillement." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0066/these.pdf.
Full textThe study concerns a thermoplastic / thermoset blend where the precursors of a network are initially solvent of the thermoplastic at the curing temperature. Then upon polymerisation, phase separation occurs. The blend becomes heterogeneous, composed of a thermoplastic rich phase and a dispersed thermoset rich phase. With a model blend, the reaction induced phase separation process has been realized first under quiescent conditions, and then under shear into an internal mixer. We have shown that despite the fact the kinetic of the epoxy-amine reaction and the thermodynamic of the phase separation process were identical, the morphologies obtained under static or dynamic conditions were drastically different. Whereas spherical particles (diameters mostly 3 micrometers) are obtained in the absence of flow, irregular particles and larger dimensions characterize the morphology under shear. It appear that the morphology is strongly dependent, not only on the evolution of the viscosity ration between the matrix and the dispersed phase, but also on the gelation of the dispersed phase. The classical deformation/coalescence behaviour is observed only before the gelation region. Then, around the gel point, the particles tend to agglomerate in an irreversible way. The relaxation of shape normally leading to spherical particles becomes impossible due to the increasing elasticity of the dispersed phase. After having shown that the importance of the coalescence and reactive agglomeration phenomena, in relation to the gel of the thermoset component were emphasized whether the morphology quality was ameliorated by the use of a copolymer. We manage to decrease the size of the dispersion of a thermoplastic / thermoset blend of which the dispersed phase cross links under shearing by the addition of a copolymer like what is done for thermoplastic polymer blends. However, the compatibilizer was effective only when it could react chemically with the network
Joubert, Catherine. "Elaboration d'un matériau thermopastique élastomère vulcanisé dynamiquement (TPV) : étude des aspects de formulation et de mélange et des propriétés mécaniques résultantes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL086N.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the mixing conditions during the elaboration of a dynamically vulcanised thermoplastic material (TPV), containing on the one hand a copal ymer of ethylene and vinylacetate EV A and on the other hand polypropylene (PP), in arder to improve its final properties. Various chemical crosslinking routes of the EVA phase were studied : the radical way, the exchange reaction between acetate groups and silane groups, the radical grafting of vinylsilane groups onto EV A followed, at higher temperatures, by an ex change reaction between vinylsilane grafted groups and vinylacetate groups or a condensation after hydrolysis of silanol functions. The compression set modeling (CS) of EV A crosslinked through these different ways contributed to better understand the mechanism of the elastic recovery at a molecular leve! and to choose the most appropriate crosslinking route. Mixing conditions (dispersion of reagents) were studied in a rheoreactor and in an internai mixer. These studies allowed us to show that the crosslinking kinetics of the el as tomer phase depends close! y on the quality of the mixing (micromixing). In addition, the study of the viscosity ratio of EVA and PP, of the mixture composition and of the mixing energy stressed the importance of the initial EV A/PP morphology on the phase inversion phenomenon and the competition between macromixing and reaction times. This allowed us to optimize the appropriate formulation for a further material elaboration control. Generally, this type of material is plasticized by organic (phtalate or naphtalenic) oil addition. An original rheological method for the determination of the diffusion coefficient of this plasticizer in EV A has been developed, based on the free volume theory. Lastly, in arder to improve the material processability, as weil as to its mechanical properties (elasticity and deformation at break, a third component, the Kraton®, has been added to the EV A/PP formulation. The resulting material shows good properties for compression set (<55%) and for deformation at break (>200% )
Primel, Antoine. "Étude du comportement d'un mélange de fluide supercritique et de polyuréthane thermoplastique pour une application de pièces automobiles." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS378.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the behavior of a supercritical fluid (nitrogen or carbon dioxide) and thermoplastic polyurethanemeltmix during the production of jounce bumpers by the MuCell® injection molding process. First of all, the state of the art was developed in a literature review which allowed to describe the main phenomena that occur during processing of a mixture of supercritical fluid and polymer in microcellular foam. Then, a study at the laboratory scale allowed to characterize and model the behavior of a thermoplastic polyurethane in contact with a supercritical fluid and deduct the characteristics and behaviors essential to the understanding of various phenomena encountered during the process(diffusion, solubility , nucleation...). Finally, the last part of this work concerns the implementation of previously acquired knowledge on industrial means in order to analyze and stabilize the generated microcellular foam
Chabrat, Elodie. "Développement de nouvelles formulations d'agromatériaux thermoplastiques par mélange en extrudeur bivis de céréales et de polymères issus de ressources renouvelables." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0036/document.
Full textIn this work, we have been interested in blending wheat flour and poly(lactic acid). Wheat flour, which is mainly constituted of starch, has been transformed with plasticizers in a twin-screw extruder with the effect of heat and shear. Poly(lactic acid) is the main biodegradable polyester in the world nowadays. These two phases are thermodynamically immiscible and not very compatible, different ways are tried to improve the blend quality. A first part of this work lies on the search of optimal conditions to transform and blend the raw materials. Twin-screw extrusion is used to pasticize starch and to ensure a good blending between the two phases. Screw design and different equipments have been chosen for this purpose. Classical twin-screw parameters have been studied: screw design, temperature profile, filling ratio… The study of the formulation, more particularly of plasticizers for starch plasticization but also of compatibilizers to improve starch/PLA interphase is tackled in a second part. Citric acid is tested as a plasticizer but also as a compatibilizer. These researches have allowed to develop interesting formulations for industrial applications: possibility of processing by injection-molding, flexibility, rigidity…
Avril, Florence. "Développement de nouvelles formulations polymères thermoplastiques pour l’élaboration de multi-matériaux sandwich acier / polymère / acier." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10324.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop multimaterials such as steel/polymer/steel composites for weight savings in automotive industry. To fully take advantage of properties of both steel and polymer materials, adhesion steel-polymer must be well controlled. Moreover, the composite must be compatible with processing on the industrial line and last not least, the structure must be flow resistant during the cataphoresis step (Painting process at 200°C for 30 minutes). This last condition is essential and our work will focuse on the development of compatibilized polymers blend made of polyamide 11 and polyolefin grafted maleic anhydride with yield stress properties. We successfully optimize the formulation via morphological control in order to develop a yield stress fluid with good adhesive properties
Belyamani, Imane. "Développement d'un matériau thermoplastique biodégradable et hydrosoluble à base d'une protéine du lait." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702749.
Full textLevchenko, Volodymyr. "Morphologie et propriétés électrophysiques de nanocomposites à base de polymères thermoplastiques et de nanotubes de carbone." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862137.
Full textDeleage, Fanny. "Formulations et modifications par extrusion réactive d'un mélange de polymères biodégradable et partiellement biosourcé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES030.
Full textBiodegradable plastics need to be more and more competitive. This work, conducted between IMP@UJM laboratory and LCI company had the main objective of increasing the content of renewable materials in the biodegradable blend of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/ thermoplastic flour (TPF), without decreasing its mechanical properties. The blend was obtained by a single step extrusion, including flour thermoplastification and blending with the polyester. The scientific challenge was to understand the relationship between processing parameters, the morphology establishment, the concentration of each phase of the blend and its mechanical properties. Then, these results were exploited in order to increase the mechanical properties of the mixture. The influence of the concentration of TPF and the viscosity ratio between the phases was highlighted over the entire concentration range. This highlighted the importance of controlling the interfacial tension of the blend. Mechanisms of the morphology establishment were proposed, as well as interpretations about its effect on the mechanical properties of the blend. Then, a study of the PBAT modification by reactive extrusion was proposed. The evolution of the polyester structure was characterized by size exclusion chromatography, according to various parameters including the mixing time. Finally, various modifications of PBAT/TPF mixture were tested. Modifying the PBAT, the TPF phase or the interface via the compatibilizers were studied in order to tailor the rheological, morphological and mechanical properties
Samuel, Cédric. "Apport de la farine de maïs plastifiée dans les mélanges à matrice polyester pour des applications films." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4019/document.
Full textThin compostable films for extrusion blowing, thermoforming and biaxial stretching are in the scope of these works. Blend of thermoplastic flour and compostable polyesters are proposed and studied. Corn flour can be processed in a twin-screw extruder with glycerol in a similar way than starch. Thermoplastic flour shows some differences with starch but still cannot be used in thin film applications. Thermoplastic flour was blended in a melt state with a compostable polyester matrix, PBAT. Matrix / particle morphologies were achieved and linked with individual rheological behaviour. Good global mechanical properties results from these morphologies were discussed in terms of microstructures, dispersed phase deformation under stress and interface properties. Model particles blends with PBAT and microscopical investigations confirmed the mechanical behavior of the dispersed phase. These blends still suffer from inherent problems concerning thermoplastic flour and uncompatibilized blends. A suitable chemistry was developed to overcome these defects based on monomer polymerization from starch. Ring opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate in presence of hydroxyl functions and organic catalyst or organometallic initiators displays interesting reaction rates for a reactive extrusion process. Model co-initiators with chemical and sterical environments close to starch were used and transposed. Thermoplastic flour modification by polycarbonate grafting was achieved in a reactive extrusion process coupled with his blending in a melt state with PBAT matrix. Compatibilization effects were discussed in terms of microstructures, interface reactions and matrix modifications. Interface modifications were evidenced on mechanical properties of these blends
Pierrot, François. "Polymérisation in-situ en milieu fondu et sous écoulement élongationnel pour l'élaboration de nouveaux matériaux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE011/document.
Full textIn this work, binary and ternary reactive blends based on immiscible thermoplastic polymers PMMA,PE and PS were realized. The in-situ polymerization of the styrene, precursor of PS, was led by thermal self-polymerization or still thanks to radical initiator. Blends were realized in a mixer named RMX who generates mainly extensional flows known for their distributive and dispersive skill even if components have an important viscosity difference. Various methods of preparation and parameters of mixtures were tested. Morphology was evaluated by the analysis of electronic microscopy images.The average radiuses of the dispersed PS phase were compared with those observed in the literature. The smallest that we obtained have an average radius of 50 nm. Binary mixtures 90/10 %m with PS or PE and with a thermodur polyepoxide (MDEA/DGEBA) were also realized. The smallest spherical nodules that we obtained have an average radius of the order of 65 nm
Paris, Christophe. "Étude et modélisation de la polymérisation dynamique de composites à matrice thermodurcissable." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/6966/1/paris_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Full textSignoret, Charles. "Valorisation de Matières Premières Secondaires (MPS) thermoplastiques en mélange issues de tri spectroscopique en ligne - Projet Mélanie MIR spectral characterization of plastic to enable discrimination in an industrial recycling context: I. Specific case of styrenic polymers MIR spectral characterization of plastic to enable discrimination in an industrial recycling context: II. Specific case of polyolefins." Thesis, IMT Mines Alès, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAL0005.
Full textPhD works presented here were performed within the context of mechanical recycling of polymers recovered from WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment), mainly represented by styrenic polymers (HIPS and ABS). A first part focused on polymer discrimination thanks to Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the static equivalent of MIR-HSI (Mid-Infrared Hyperspectral Imagery) which could represent an answer to the technological obstacle of dark colored plastics sorting. About forty references of virgin polymers (some of them aged in laboratory), mineral fillers and flame retardants were compared to real WEEE waste stocks to establish an identification methodology, to highlight possible confusions and emphasize key signals.Recyclability of ABS and HIPS was studied by extruding model samples aged in both natural and artificial conditions at different durations. Strong discolorations monitored by photometry, exclusively for previously photooxydized materials, showed a strong reactivity during extrusion from species formed during ageing. Mechanical properties, including static ones through tensile tests, dynamic ones in instrumented impact and melted state rheology, showed, for some of them, an interaction between the two degradation phenomena.The last aspect of these works concerned the management of post-sorting residual PP impurities within ABS. With model systems, it was observed that impact properties began to fall at 2w% of impurities to reach a minimum at 4w%. Compatibilization trials lead to the selection of PP-g-MA and SEBS as interesting compatibilizers. Predictive modeling of static behavior towards failure, based on morphological analysis of polymer blends (SEM and AFM) and photomecanically instrumented tensile tests, highlighted the sensitivity of break properties to the distribution of PP nodules sizes under the influence of a compatibilize
Rosetti, Yann. "Multiscale morphologies of epoxy-based composite matrices from combination of TP-tougheners." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0140.
Full textFiber-reinforced thermosetting (TS) matrix-based composites, and more particularly laminates, have progressively imposed themselves in the aeronautic field for nearly 50 years. Nevertheless, despite numerous advantages making them an elegant solution to replace metallic alloys, such composites have a huge drawback: a low damage tolerance. Various toughening solutions have been developed, including the addition of thermoplastic (TP) polymers which exhibit a much higher ductility than the TS matrix. The present work relates on a representative matrix of currently considered laminates. It is constituted of an epoxy-amine system leading to a high Tg network, and two TP used as reinforcing agents: a polyethersulfone (PES) initially soluble in the system, and a polyamide (PA) preformed in micro-particles. A literature review about TS/semi-crystalline TP blends and TP reinforcement agents used in laminates is given previously to the experimental results. The study focuses on the behavior of these two TP in regard to the growing epoxy-amine network during its polymerization. The interest is put in the understanding of the phenomena linking all the matrix components together. In a first time the PES behavior in the epoxy-amine system dependence on curing conditions (i.e. the applied cure schedule) is studied. The reaction-induced phase separation (RIPS) phenomenon being competitive with the TS network gelation, and taking into account that both phenomena are temperature dependent, various types of morphologies were obtained. Apprehension of PA behavior is different. In fact, this polymer is initially soluble in the epoxy-amine system and may be compatibilized after chemical coupling with epoxy prepolymers. Moreover, physical affinities between PA and the considered amine hardener impact the PA melting behavior. Consequently, binary epoxy-PA and amine-PA model systems have been studied to uncouple and understand all these interactions. Finally, resulting morphologies and properties of the epoxy-amine system, simultaneously modified with both PES and PA, have been monitored and controlled thanks to a choice of suitable cure schedules. The understanding of the development of such a complicated system, in terms of morphologies and curing mechanisms, was made possible thanks to the preliminary studies on the model systems
Gaumond, Baptiste. "Compréhension des interfaces / interphases formées dans les composites PPS / fibres de carbone et PPS / fibres de basalte réalisés à partir de mèches comélées et retordues." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI064.
Full textThis thesis work is devoted to the understanding of the structure-properties relationships of composite materials made from hybrid rovings composed of the thermoplastic matrix, polyphenylene sulphide, and reinforcements that can be either carbon or basalt. Thus, several lines of research have been pursued in this work: i) the impact of the commingling process on the final properties of composites, ii) the understanding of fiber-matrix interactions and iii) the optimization of those interactions in the interface. This work first demonstrated the link established between the mechanical and structural properties of the hybrid yarns and the mechanical properties of composite materials. The air commingling process degrades the resistance of the fibers and this is observed both on filaments tensile tests and commingled yarns. This degradation is not observed on twisted yarns. In the same time, composites based on commingled yarns show a better homogeneity, mechanical properties and a lower porosity rate. In a second step, the adhesion developped in all composite systems was evaluated at the micromechanical scale and correlated at the macroscopic scale. Accelerated ageing tests were also carried out to discriminate the most durable solutions. A final part of this work is devoted to the optimization of the interfacial properties of the systems studied. Two solutions were developed and gave interesting results: the use of a PPS / PE-EMA-GMA polymer mixture allowed to improve up to 56% the IFSS with basalt fibers and the use of an imidazolium salt as interfacial agent in the matrix allowed to improve by 25% the IFSS obtained with carbon fibers
Korycki, Adrian. "Study of the selective laser sintering process : materials properties and effect of process parameters." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/27651/1/Korycki_Adrian.pdf.
Full textAdditive manufacturing is attractive because it allows to reduce significantly the development and industrialization phases of part design. Among the promising technologies for thermoplastic parts, the SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) process stands out because of its ability to produce geometries with low dimensional tolerances. This process is based on the displacement of a laser beam that interacts with the powder bed. The attractiveness of additive manufacturing counterbalances, however, with the choice of currently available materials: these are mainly polyamides. Polyaryletherketones (PAEK) suitable to SLS process are still rare on the market and expensive. In this work, various powders have been characterized to deeper understand the properties necessary for their use in SLS and to define their processability temperature window. The absence of suitable PEEK powder led us to develop a new material by blending PEEK with an amorphous thermoplastic, polyethersulfone (PESU). The initially immiscible blends have been compatibilized in order to improve their mechanical properties and to delay their crystallization on cooling. During manufacturing, many process parameters control the melting of the powder, and thus the properties of the parts and their dimensional accuracy. Thus, a statistical analysis of the response of the parameters was led by a design of experiments to extract the most influential parameters. The parametric study, done with the polyamide powder, was carried out by varying five parameters and by looking at their influence on five groups of responses relating to the physical, mechanical and thermal properties as well as to the printing duration of the parts. The design of experiments made it possible to establish the mathematical models of the response surfaces linking the responses to factors and their interactions. These statistical models were used to define an optimal set of parameters. Finally, a combined experimental and numerical simulation approach was conducted to estimate the influence of each laser pass on the degree of crystallinity and the mechanical properties of each layer. The results show that the heating due to the successive laser passes cover a thickness equivalent to 14 deposited layers. However, only the 4 upper layers are significantly thermally affected by the laser pass on a powder layer and thus show an evolution of their degree of crystallinity