Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mélatonine – Récepteurs – Effets des médicaments'
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Delacroix-Beaurain, Nathalie. "Conception et synthèse de dérivés benzothiopéniques impliquant les mécanismes mélatoninergiques." Lille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL2P004.
Full textCastanho, Amelie. "Effets de l'agomélatine et de la mélatonine sur les oscillations de l'horloge circadienne : études physiologiques et moléculaires." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ034/document.
Full textMelatonin is known to act directly on the circadian clock. Agomelatine is an antidepressant with MT1/MT2 agonist and antagonist 5-HT2C properties. First, we evaluated the effects of agomelatine, melatonin and 5-HT2C antagonist on two clock outputs (rhythm of endogenous melatonin and body temperature). The results suggest a central action of agomelatine and melatonin, directly on the circadian clock via MT1/MT2 receptors, inducing an increase on the amplitude and a phase advance of the rhythm of melatonin. For body temperature, all drugs increased the amplitude of the rhythm, this suggest an action of MT1/MT2 agonist and antagonist 5-HT2C properties of agomelatine. Secondly, the study on the expression of clock gene Per1 revealed a greater effect of agomelatine compared to melatonin, but only on the day of treatment. Agomelatine could act on the molecular machinery of the clock, but requires further investigations. These new data allow a better understand of the mechanisms action of agomelatine
Logez, Christel. "Etude du récepteur humain de la mélatonine MT1 par des approches in vitro : mise au point des conditions de production, de purification et de caractérisation fonctionnelle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ073/document.
Full textThe human MT1 melatonin receptor belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It plays a major role in the regulation of circadian rhythm and is involved in sleep disorders and depression. This receptor is thus of significant therapeutic interest. However, very few in vitro studies have been conducted on this receptor and in particular no structural characterization and interactio studies by biophysical methods. In order to progress on these aspects, we developed conditions of production and purification of MT1 receptors for obtaining samples compatible with this type of study. Furthermore, we initiated stabilization tests of the purified receptors. Meanwhile, we have developed biochemical and biophysical analysis techniques to characterize the purified receptors and study their interactions with ligands, on a reference GPCR, the A2A adenosine receptor
Castagnet, Karine. "La mélatonine et ses analogues : physiologie, récepteurs, perspectives thérapeutiques." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P027.
Full textGasnereau, Anne. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique d'analogues tétrahydroisoquinoléiniques et isoquinoléiniques de la mélatonine." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Gasnereau.pdf.
Full textEttaoussi, Mohamed. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de molécules à visée antidépressive : ligands mixtes des récepteurs mélatoninergiques MT1/MT2 et sérotoninergiques 5-HT2c successeurs potentiels de l'agomélatine." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S053.
Full textAgez, Laurence. "Les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans les effets de la mélatonine sur les noyaux suprachiasmatiques : Rôle de trois récepteurs orphelins." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/AGEZ_Laurence_2007.pdf.
Full textMette-Litique, Carole. "Structural and functional analysis of SHP : A powerful regulator of nuclear hormone receptors." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/METTE-LITIQUE_Carole_2006.pdf.
Full textSHP (Small Heterodimer Partner (NR0B2)), a particular member of the mammalian nuclear hormone receptor family which lacks the DNA binding domain, directly modulates the activities of a number of bona fide nuclear receptors by acting as an inducible transcriptional co-repressor. Past efforts at dissecting underlying molecular mechanisms, and at identifying the target factors and target genes, uncovered the regulatory involvement of SHP in diverse metabolic functions such as the catabolism of cholesterol and prompted further clarification on this emerging pathway for drug target discovery. In the first part of this thesis, we report on an extensive series of prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic SHP over expression experiments. In most of the expression systems explored, SHP stayed well expressed but insoluble, compacted to 90% in inclusion bodies. As a consequence the structural analysis of SHP could not be performed. In order to further analyze the function of this non conventional nuclear hormone receptor, we performed in the second section of the thesis a molecular analysis of the interaction between SHP and other nuclear hormone receptors by transrepresion assay. Morevover we report on a Yeast-Two- Hybrid Screen performed with SHP as a bait and the identification and following characterization of a new partner of SHP, the RAR-related Orphan receptor (ROR). To further understand the role of SHP in vivo, we characterized by DNA microarrays the expression profiles genome wide from SHP null mice and wild type livers. These analyses enabled us to decipher known and novel SHP target genes involved in the lipid homeostasis, the apoptosis and the embryonic development. The study opens new perspectives to establish the SHP pathway as potential therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome
Boujedaini, Houssaine. "Effets de la mélatonine sur la libération de 3H-dopamine par des coupes de striatum de rat et sur différents comportements induits par l'apomorphine chez le rat et la souris." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUEO7NR.
Full textOliviero, Ghislaine. "L'asperlicine : modèle d'étude pour la recherche d'antagonistes non peptidiques des récepteurs de la cholecystokinine." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P078.
Full textBernard, Véronique. "Contrôle de l'acétylchline des neurones striataux : étude anatomique et fonctionnelle par hybridation in situ et immunohistochimie." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28263.
Full textGiraudo, Maeva. "Response of a lepidopteran pest to xenobiotics : exploring transduction pathways by a transcriptomic approach." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4023.
Full textHerbivorous insects have developed detoxification mechanisms to metabolically inactivate the plant toxins that they ingest, mainly based on cytochrome P450 expression. P450s are induced by and metabolize xenobiotics, and for vertebrates, the nuclear receptors that control P450s induction are well understood. We have shown in Drosophila that only small subsets of P450s are inducible by xenobiotics and that the specific CYP6A2 showed pattern of induction similar to that of mammalian CYP2 genes that are induced by PXR/CAR nuclear receptors. In the polyphagous pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) we studied gene expression by a transcriptomic analysis of and found that the patterns of differentially transcribed genes in the midgut and in the derived Sf9 cells of this insect were specific to each chemical tested, suggesting multiple, partially overlapping transduction mechanisms. QRT-PCR analysis showed that the plant toxins were the strongest inducers of a small number of P450s in vivo, with moderate effects in vitro. Specific focus on the effects of two hormone mimics, methoxyfenozide and methoprene, in Sf9 cells showed that they both induced cell cycle arrest. We have cloned SfHR96, a nuclear receptor ortholog of the vertebrate xenosensors CAR and PXR. We found that this receptor is not inducible by xenobiotics and is expressed constitutively in all tissues and developmental stages. Strategies to demonstrate the function of SfHR96 by inactivation in vitro by RNAi and in vivo with dominant negative mutants in transgenic silkworms have been initiated. We hypothesize that SfHR96 dimerizes with ultraspiracle (USP), the insect ortholog of vertebrate RXR
Pirat, Jean-Luc. "Vers la recherche de structures antagonistes de l'action de la phencyclidine." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600446s.
Full textBagheri, Haleh. "Régulation pharmacologique de la sécrétion salivaire : études expérimentales et cliniques." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30244.
Full textBotella, Alain. "Rôle de peptides et d'agents endogènes dans la régulation de l'activité contractile de la cellule musculaire lisse." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30010.
Full textTafani, Jean André Mathieu. "Ligands radioiodés pour l'étude in vivo des récepteurs aux opioi͏̈des par tomographie d'émission monophotonique." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30233.
Full textWang, Rong Fu. "Mise au point et évaluation d'un nouveau radioligand iodé spécifique pour l'imagerie tomoscintigraphique des neurorécepteurs aux opioi͏̈des." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30094.
Full textRivier, François. "Le Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) : effets physiopathologiques : implication dans la néphrotoxicité médicamenteuse." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P100.
Full textMarchand, Fabien. "Etude comparée chez l'animal de l'implication des systèmes sérotoninergique et opioi͏̈dergique dans l'effet antihyperalgique de la venlafaxine et de la clomipramine." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P627.
Full textThe mechanism of action of antidepressants in the treatment of chronic pain, is still largely unknown. We have examined the antihyperalgic effect of a tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine and a new antidepressant, venlafaxine. We showed that the effect of venlafaxine involved the noradrenergic and serotoninergic systems whereas opioidergic system did not seem to be involved, this was in contrast to clomipramine. Additionally, we have demonstrated that co-administration of venlafaxine and 5-HT1A antagonist reduced the delay of onset and increased the antihyperalgic effect of venlafaxine with a differential involvement of serotoninergic and opioidergic systems. Thus, venlafaxine could have specific/novel therapeutic profile different than tricyclics. Moreover, the co-administration of antidepressants and 5-HT1A antagonist could possibly lead to more effective analgesic treatments in chronic pain patients
Deneux, Marie. "Immunosuppresseurs et antistéroïdes dans les cellules de cancers de seins humains : effets sur la prolifération cellulaire, les récepteurs aux oestrogènes et sur la transcription des gênes qu'ils régulent." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAP0037.
Full textThirumaran, Sangeetha-Laura. "Polypharmacologie des récepteurs mélatoninergiques et sérotoninergiques à visée thérapeutique Structure-activity relationships of serotonin 5-HT 7 receptors ligands: A review." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC406.
Full textOne of the current public health challenges is to propose new strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases which, due to their multifactorial causes, remain difficult to treat. Over the last decades, a new and promising therapeutic alternative has been developed, with the aim to obtain not only a preventive action but also a curative action: the polypharmacological approach. Several in vivo assays have demonstrated the neuroprotective and pro-cognitive effects caused by the simultaneous modulation of different biological targets involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders, such as MT1, MT2 and 5-HT2C receptors. This project firstly focused on the determination of the structure-activity relationships of an in-house chemical library, constituted of MT1, MT2 and 5-HT2C receptors MTDLs, with additional activity towards 5-HT7 receptors for some derivatives, and with anti-depressive properties. The use of various chemoinformatics and molecular modeling approaches allow then to design and synthesize, by pharmacomodulation, original, potent and selective ligands, on the one hand of MT2 and 5-HT2C receptors, with potential pro-cognitive and antidepressive actions, and on the other hand of 5-HT7 receptors. Among the synthesized molecules, some compounds are of particular interest for the modulation of these targets
Gicquel, Sophie. "Neuropeptide FF et modulation opioi͏̈de. Conception de sondes pharmacologiques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30231.
Full textLapmanee, Sarawut. "Effets neuroprotecteurs de l'exercice volontaire et de modulateurs monoaminergiques chez le rat mâle stressé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ058/document.
Full textIn long-term stress exposure, excess glucocorticoids disturb the balance of monoamine neurotransmitters leading to mood disorders and memory impairment. Venlafaxine and Agomelatin are currently used to treat these disorders. Voluntary exercise also has beneficial effects on mental health. In this work, we analyzed 1. the time-dependent changes in stress-induced mood disorders, 2. the modulating effect of voluntary exercise on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, 3. the effectiveness of Agomelatin, Venlafaxine and exercise to prevent stress-related behaviors and 4. the localization of MT1 and MT2 receptors in transgenic reporter mice. We demonstrate that stress caused physical, emotional and behavioral abnormalities in stressed rats. Pre-treatment with Agomelatin, Venlafaxine and exercise reduced the chronic stress-related behaviors and prevented anxiety, depression and memory deficits. The mapping of MT1 and MT2 receptors identified potential sites of action of Agomelatin
Lamaze, Christophe. "Fonctionnement du récepteur humain des asialoglycoprotéines : étude comparée sur hépatocytes cirrhotiques et non cirrhotiques, effet de la vasopressine, du PMA et de la staurosporine." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P208.
Full textZheng, Thomas Wen-Juan. "Neurophysiological and pharmacological study of carbamazepine on physiological and pathological GABAergic-dependent thalamocortical oscillations." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6131.
Full textCBZ is a widely prescribed anticonvulsant used for the treatment of focal epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. However it is also known for its broad spectrum of action on several molecular targets contributing to common and severe side effects. CBZ directly interacts with GABAA receptors, which play a critical role in the generation of physiological and pathological TC/CT oscillations. My thesis work provides strong evidence that CBZ affects the firing and oscillation properties of thalamic neurons, at least in the somatosensory system, through enhancement of GABAA receptor-mediated activities, the likely mechanisms that underlie the aggravation of absence seizures. The work presented in this thesis also provides several important leads to mechanisms underlying the initiation and propagation of absence-related SWDs. The present findings demonstrate the presence of precursor cellular and network rhythmic activities in S2 and IC during the generation of absence-related SWDs. Therefore it is tempting to put forward the assumption that S2 and IC cortical areas contain a critical circuit from which excitation spreads to interconnected S1, motor and more frontal cortical areas. This spreading caudo-rostral excitation might be a key neuronal mechanism in the initiation of absence seizures. To all appearances CBZ is effective in suppressing absence-related SWDs
Cremona, Sandrine. "Mécanismes récepteurs des effets comportementaux de l'interleukine-1 beta : régulation par les glucocorticoi͏̈des au sein du système nerveux central." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28578.
Full textBoutet-Robinet, Elisa. "Pharmacologie moléculaire des médicaments neuroleptiques et implication des protéines RGS dans la signalisation du récepteur dopaminergique D2." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30177.
Full textThough the dopamine D2 receptor is the main receptor involved in the action of neuroleptic drugs, it is less clear how this heterogeneous class of molecules is acting at the molecular level. This thesis reports on the distinct behaviour for a series of neuroleptic drugs at a constitutively active dopamine D2 receptor construct. This was achieved specially with a chimeric receptor between the a1B-adrenergic and dopaminergic D2 receptor. .
Urani, Alexandre. "Effets des agonistes du récepteur [sigma]1 (sigma1) dans un modèle animal de dépression. Interaction avec les neurostéroi͏̈des." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20220.
Full textPicard, Nathalie. "Effet de l'exposition in utero au diazépam sur la fonction respiratoire et la réponse à l'hypoxie du rat nouveau-né : impact sur les systémes GABAergiques et adénosinergiques." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIED013.
Full textDiazepam (DZP) is a therapeutic benzodiazepine which acts at GABAA receptor to enhance the inhibitory action of endogenous GABA on neuronal function and may be prescribed to pregnant women. Neonatal behavior is altered by prenatal exposure to DZP. The purpose of the present work was to assess the consequences of prenatal DZP on breathing function and to analyze the mechanisms involved in newborn rats (P0-P2). In vivo plethysmographic recordings on unrestrained newborns showed that prenatal DZP altered the eupneic breathing pattern by reducing respiratory frequency and increasing tidal volume. Moreover, prenatal DZP enhanced the drop of tidal volume induced by sustained alveolar hypoxia. In vitro, prenatal DZP induced an acceleration of the rhythmic bursts generated by the central respiratory drive in isolated preparations. It attenuated the depressant effects of tissue hypoxia on this drive. Real time PCR and pharmacological analysis indicated that prenatal DZP may induce a down-regulation of the genes encoding for the α1 and α2 subunits of GABAA receptors or an attenuation of their response to the acute application of DZP, depending of the region studied. Furthermore, the levels of expression of genes encoding for A1 et A2A adenosine receptors, together with their response to specific agonists were altered by prenatal DZP. Finally, preliminary HPLC data suggested that glutamate and GABA biosynthesis may be deregulated in the pons and the medulla. In conclusion, prenatal diazepam affects the development of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems which are crucial for breathing control and its long-term consequences deserve further studies in mature animals
Croizet, François. "Modélisation et conception d'antagonistes du récepteur plaquettaire du fibrinogène (αIIb/ß3 - GP IIb/IIIa)." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2B006.
Full textGil, Sophie. "Régulation de l'endocytose des asialoglycoprotéines médiée par une lectine transmembranaire de l'hépatocyte : étude sur hépatocytes de rat à l'aide d'une pathologie in vivo (le diabète insulino-dépendant) et de drogues in vitro (la monensine et la vasopressine)." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA114809.
Full textViguier, Florent. "Contrôles physiopharmacologiques des douleurs neuropathiques chez le rat : étude des effets de la tétrodotoxine et des ligands des récepteurs 5-HT7 de la sérotonine." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05P611.
Full textThe treatment of neuropathic pain is still a major problem for clinicians. On this basis, my PhD work aimed at assessing novel therapeutic perspectives by using validated murine models of neuropathic pain. Two potential molecular targets were studied, voltage-dependent sodium channels and 5-HT7 receptors for serotonin. In rats, unilateral ligature of the sciatic nerve or the infraorbital nerve produces hyperalgesia/allodynia in response to mechanical stimuli applied onto the ipisilateral hindpaw or vibrissal territory, respectively. Systemic administration of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a selective blocker of TTX-S sodium channel subtypes, at doses low enough (1-6 μg/kg s. C. ) to avoid any neurovegetative reactions, significantly reduced hyperalgesia/allodynia at hindpaw level, but was only marginally active against mechanical allodynia in vibrissal territory. Similarly, 5-HT7 receptor agonists (AS-19, MSD5a, E-55888) decreased hyperalgesia selectively in rats with ligated sciatic nerve. Immunostaining of c-Fos as a marker of neuron activation shows that not only the dorsal horn of the spinal cord but also supraspinal structures play a role in (i) the neuronal sensitization underlying hyperalgesia/allodynia and (ii) the antinociceptive effects of both TTX and 5-HT7 receptor agonists. Further pharmacological investigations with appropriate ligands demonstrated that opioidergic mechanisms are involved in the anti-hyperalgesic/anti-allodynic effects of TTX whereas GABAergic mechanisms and associated Cl- transport dynamics (through NKCCI and KCC2 cotransporters) mediate these effects in case of 5-HT7 receptor agonists
Bignon, Eric. "Anti-oestrogènes non-stéroi͏̈diens : relations structure-activité : étude des effets biologiques d'une série de triarylacrylonitriles dans la lignée de cellules cancéreuses mammaires humaines MCF-7." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20120.
Full textJin, Jun. "Study of the multiple conformations of the HIV-1 co-receptor CCR5." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC053.
Full textCCR5 (c-c chemokine receptor type 5), a seven-transmembrane receptor, exhibits multiple conformations at the cell surface based on interactions with ligands, heterotrimeric G proteins, B-arrestins, neighboring gpcrs and membrane lipids, and also based on the location and trafficking of the receptor. These conformations play an important role in receptor functions including ligand binding, cell signaling and trafficking. CCR5 also serves as a co-receptor for r5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) entry. The native chemokines ccl3, ccl4, and ccl5 can compete with HIV-1 gp120 for binding CCR5, and are supposed to form a natural barrier against HIV-1. However, their antiviral activity is limited by a pool of CCR5 adopting conformations that have low-chemokine affinity at the cell surface. We demonetrated that this pool of CCR5 that is not stabilized by chemokines could represent a target for inhibiting HIV-1 infection. We exploited the characteristics of the chemokine analog psc-rantes, which displays potent anti-HIV-1 activity. We show that native chemokines fail to prevent high-affinity binding of psc-rantes, analog-mediated calcium release (in desensitization assays), and analog-mediated CCR5 internalization. These results indicate that this pool of spare CCR5 may bind psc-rantes but not native chemokines. Improved recognition of CCR5 by psc-rantes may explain why the analog promotes higher amounts of b-arrestin2/ccr5 complexes, thereby increasing CCR5 down-regulation and HIV- 1 inhibition. Together, these results highlight that spare CCR5, which might permit HIV-1 to escape from chemokines, should be targeted for efficient viral blockade. Numerous studies also showed that gpcr form dimers or larger oligomers, a process that is involved in gpcr conformational changes. The molecular and functional relevance as well as the interaction interfaces of this organization are still poorly understood. To this aim, by using the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5, we defined by chemical cross-link and molecular modeling two non-exclusive dimer interfaces, and a third one stabilized by the inverse agonist maraviroc, which indicates that CCR5 could also exhibit multiple conformations through homo-dimerization. We then showed, by site directed mutagenesis combined with saturation time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and a novel export assay, the essential role of dimerization in receptor transport to the cell surface. These results produce a consensual picture of the interfaces between protomers of class a dimers and reveal the impact of dimerization during biogenesis. They also provide new features of the marketed drug maraviroc highlighting both pharmacological chaperone and allosteric inhibitor activities. Overall, distinguishing multiple CCR5 conformations and their corresponding receptor functions has implications for understanding the selective use of CCR5 by HIV-1 and the development of improved strategies to block CCR5 use by HIV-1
Djata, Cabral Marilena. "Les récepteurs aux dihydropyridines sélectivement exprimés par les lymphocytes Th2 sont important pour leur signalisation et sont une cible dans le traitement de l'asthme allergique expérimental." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/482/.
Full textAllergic asthma is a chronic inflamatory disease of the lungs which prevalence and severity are both increasing. CD4+ T cell subsets include Th1 cells that produce interferon-g (IFNg) and Th2 cells that produce interleukin 4,5 and 13. Th2 cells are considered as orchestrating the inflammatory reaction characteristic of asthma. Signaling pathways and especially calcium regulation differ between Th1 and Th2 cells which could offer an opportunity for the development of new therapies targeting calcium signaling in Th2 cells. We showed that voltage-operated calcium (Cav1) channels, that are characterised as dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR) in excitable cells, are specifically expressed in Th2 cells and not in Th1 cells. These channels are involved in TCR-dependent calcium response and in Th2-cytokine production (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13). I contributed to show that protein kinase G is implicated in calcium entry dependent on dihydropyridine receptors. In vitro and in vivo studies show that the inactivation of these channels inhibits Th2 cells functions with a beneficial effect in allergic asthma. These results show that dihydropyridine receptors calcium channels specifically expressed by Th2 cells are essential for their function. Targeting these channels is a rationale for the development of new therapies in the treatment of allergic asthma
Cras, Audrey. "Résistance des cellules tumorales aux rétinoïdes : paramètres moléculaires prédictifs d'une réponse thérapeutique aux rexinoïdes et aux drogues épigénétiques." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077087.
Full textRetinoids are involved in the regulation of key biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. The effects of retinoic acid are mediated through nuclear receptors - retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR) - which act as ligand-dependent transcription factors. Despite the success of retinoic acid all-trans (ATRA) as differentiating agent in acute promyelocytic leukemia, the clinical use of retinoid remains limited. In this work, we studied retinoid actions in retinoid-resistant tumors cellular models, differentiated thyroid cancers and acute myeloid leukemia. Our results highlight the importance of RAR and RXR expression profile, and their induction in the retinoid sensitivity of cells. Bexarotene, a RXR agonist, inhibits cell growth and invasion ability of tumor cells resistant to ATRA by transcriptional repression of NF-kB signaling pathway. In addition, retinoid résistance is associated with lack of functionality of RAR transcriptional complex by epigenetic modifications. However, combination of ATRA with molecules modifying chromatin structure removes the transcriptional repression and induces the expression of RAR in ATRA-resistant cells. DMA methylation pattern analysis confirms that epigenetic modulation may be linked to drug efficacy. This work has enabled us, first, to define molecular parameters predictive of retinoid response, and secondly to identify therapeutic ways to bypass resistance and/or to restore ATRA sensitivity
Mairesse, Jérôme. "Le Stress prénatal altère la plasticité cérébrale chez le rat mâle adulte." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10164.
Full textBertolino, Frédéric. "Caractérisation et modulation pharmacologiques d'effets cardiovasculaires aigus liés à l'activation du récepteur au thromboxane A2/endopéroxyde." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28355.
Full textPin, Jean-Philippe. "Interaction glutamate/GABA : mécanismes et pharmacologie de la libération de GABA des neurones de striatum en culture primaire : effets des acides aminés excitateurs." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20211.
Full textBertocchio, Jean-Philippe. "Activation du Récepteur Minéralocorticoïde vasculaire et néphrotoxicité de la ciclosporine." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066032/document.
Full textCyclosporine A (cyclo) is a widely used drug in kidney transplantation: its anticalcineurin actioninhibits T lymphocytes activation and prevents allograft rejection. Despite a huge benefit on graftsurvival, cyclo exerts a side effect that limits its use: nephrotoxicity. Vasculotoxicity appears to becentral: cyclo enhances renal vasoconstriction by altering vasoactive factors and vascular smoothmuscle cells (VSMC) response to vasoactive factors. Beyond its effects on sodium reabsorption,Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) acts on vascular tone by modulating both endothelial and VSMCresponses to vasoactive factors. Our working hypothesis was that MR could participate to cycloinducedvasoconstriction and that MR inactivating (pharmacologically or genetically) could alleviatecyclo-induced nephrotoxicity. Two genetically MR-knock out (MR-KO) were generated: inendothelial or VSMC. Only VSMC MR-KO mice were protected from cyclo-induced nephrotoxicity.We also show that such an effect was mediated by vascular tone modulation. This prevention was alsoconferred by the systemic pharmacological antagonism of MR (by canrenoate) in mice but not duringnephrotoxicity induced by tacrolimus (another anticalcineurine drug used in kidney transplantation).Then, we proposed to use MR pharmacological antagonism in humans (by eplerenone) during kidneytransplantation. We first had to prove its safety in such a population. Among 31 cyclo-treated patients,only 9 developed hyperkalemia (>5mmol/L) and none presented serious side effect. We propose akalemia higher than 4.35mmol/L at baseline to be the marker of a higher risk of developinghyperkalemia under treatment. The efficiency of eplerenone to prevent/alleviate cyclo-inducednephrotoxicity during kidney transplantation should be tested during a randomized controlled trial
Saint, Fabien. "Marqueurs de la tolérance et de l'efficacité des instillations endo-vésicales de Bacille de Calmette-Guérin dans le traitement prophylactique des tumeurs urothéliales de vessie." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T050.
Full textBacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations for high risk superficial bladder cancer remairr the most valuable advance in the conservative management for these tumors. Its mechanisms of action are unknown but have been attributed to local and systemic effects (T cell-dependent mechanisms (NK, BAK, LAK, gamma delta Lymphocytes) and immune mediators such as Thl urinary cytokines such as IL-2 produced by activated T lymphocytes). This therapy bas several limitations due mainly to the empiric schedule of instillation and dose used. Efficacy is probably associated with host and tumor factors, and therapeutic schedule. The objectives of this work were to defme sorne individual prognostic markers for a better individual therapeutic approach (ITA). The frrst step of this work was to further characterize the local response after intravesical BCG irnplicated in tumor rejection mechanisms. Our results support the immune escape hypothesis of bladder cancer development. Intravesical BCG instillation recruits specifie (CD8, MHC class I) and non specifie (CD4, APC, MHC class II) cellular effectors oftumor antigen. The transient nature of the local immune response in the bladder wall points to a need for maintenance BCG therapy. IL-2 urinary production is associated with antitumor activity (p=0,009). IL-2 monitoring may lead to a more rational basis for the originally arbitrary BCG treatment schedule, offering a more individualized and possibly more efficient instillation schedule. The second step of this work was the evaluation of tolerability and efficacy of maintenance therapy with BCG for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer and their prognostic markers associated. A maintenance protocol prevents the recurrence of high-risk superficial bladder cancer but adherence is hindered by the increasing severity of adverse reactions with each instillation. We tested a new scoring system for adverse reactions observed after the initial course (iAES) and for ali instillation given (tAES). The iAES correlated with the tAES (p=O,OOOl) and to the risk that the treatment should be stopped because of adverse events. Leucocyturia was the only prognostic factor for adverse events and efficacy of maintenance therapy by BCG (p=O,Ol; p=0,009). The fact that there is an overlap between leukocyturia threshold for efficacy and adverse effects suggest, as other studies have, that the tumor response to BCG instillation is associated with adverse effects. Leucocyturia as weil as the scoring system for adverse events could be proposed as a tool to defme the appropriate maintenance schedule where the effective tolerated dose is anticipated on an individual basis. Further studies of regulation markers of the host response to intravesical BCG irnmunotherapy (Nramp1 gene mapping) could be employed to defme which will benefit from good tolerance and good antitumor response
Cohen, Romy. "Développement d'anticorps à domaine unique comme vecteurs ciblant des récepteurs impliqués dans la transcytose et traversant la barrière hémato-encéphalique pour l'adressage d'agents d'imagerie et thérapeutiques vers le cerveau." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0394.
Full textThe vast majority of the molecules developed to treat neurological diseases do not reach their targets efficiently enough because of the unique anatomical and physiological features of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which plays a major protective role. Hijacking a physiological system named receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) is considered a promising route for brain delivery of pharmacological. This strategy involves the conjugation of pharmacological agents to vector molecules developed to specifically target receptors present at the BBB and involved in RMT processes. We aimed to develop new vectors specific for receptors expressed at the BBB. First, we constructed a phage library presenting vectors in order to perform various phage display selection strategies. Following screening steps, the selected vectors were produced and characterized (affinities for the receptors, competitions with natural ligands…). Then, we assessed the potential of the most promising vectors to carry a biomolecule. Two vectors per receptor were fused to a human IgG1 Fc region and the fusion proteins were tested for their ability to cross an in vitro model of the BBB. Finally, we evaluated the brain distribution of the vectors, in mice in vivo. Our results demonstrate the potential of our receptor-targeting vectors for brain drug delivery
Ali-Azouaou, Sarah. "Evaluation des effets anticancéreux de composés pharmacologiques sur les cellules souches cancéreuses et leurs descendants : caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ087/document.
Full textCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells in the tumor which are able to self-renew. These cells are involved in the initiation and the metastatic growth of tumors, as well as in the resistance to conventional treatments. In their highly undifferentiated state, CSCs are known to express the stemness factors Oct4 and Nanog. The aim of this work was therefore to analyze the effects of phytochemicals on Oct-4 expressing teratocarcinomal stem-like cells. In a first study, we investigated the selective anti-carcinogenic activity of rooperol, the aglycone of the plant-derived compound hypoxoside. We observed that the rooperol-induced apoptosis in CSCs was associated with an oxidative stress, dependent of the activation of p53 and cleaved caspase 3 expression. These modifications were accompanied by reduced expression of the stemness factors. Such effect was however not observed in normal stem cells (NSCs). We investigated therefore the mechanism involved in the resistance of NSCs to the drug. In contrast to CSCs, rooperol does not cause ROS (reactive oxygen species) formation in NSCs and selectively activates the pro-survival proteins Akt and Bad. In a second study, we examined the selective anti-cancer potential of several acacic acid-type saponins, from different species of African Albizzia, on epidermoid carcinoma cells; in a next step, we investigated the molecular targets of the anti-cancer compound which showed the greatest proapoptotic activity. The study was performed on a model of aggressive metastatic melanoma cell known to express Oct4. We observed that the pharmacological agent had a selective pro-apoptotic effect, via the activation of p38 MAPK and caspase 3, followed by a decrease on the expression of Oct4. Such effect could not be detected in normal cells. These results highlight new and powerful anticancer compounds able to induce selectively apoptosis of CSCs and their descendants, while sparing NSCs and their descendants
Nascimento, Alessandro. "Effets de l'inhibition du système sympathique central sur les paramètres métaboliques et microcirculatoires chez les rats obèses avec syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ120/document.
Full textCardiovascular and metabolic risk factors that characterize the metabolic syndrome (MS), including high blood pressure, obesity and glucose intolerance, are accompanied by sympathetic hyperactivity. In this study, we investigated the effects of a chronic oral antihypertensive treatment using centrally-acting sympatho-inhibitory drugs on the metabolic and microvascular parameters in rats under long-term high-fat diet with salt supplementation. For that, fifty male adult Wistar rats were maintained under normal or high-fat diet during 20 weeks. The HFD group received oral clonidine, rilmenidine, LNP 599 or vehicle. Functional microcirculation was evaluated by intravital videomicroscopy and the structural was studied using histochemical analysis. We concluded that the modulation of sympathetic activity reverses the capillary rarefaction in the skeletal muscle and left ventricle in an experimental model of MS in rats
Ugur, Müzeyyen. "Opioïdes, nourriture palatable et exercice." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ061.
Full textIn the thesis, we studied the functional cross-talk between mu and delta opioid receptors in rewarding conditions elicited by natural stimuli such as palatable food and/or exercise or by drugs of abuse such as morphine. Using mu-mCherry/delta-eGFP double knock-in mice, we showed that mu-delta heteromerization alters mu opioid receptor signaling and trafficking in response to the endogenous opioid peptide met-enkephalin, but not β-endorphin, in primary hippocampal cultures and in vivo. We also showed that chronic morphine administration extended mu-delta neuronal co-expression throughout the brain which persisted after 4 weeks abstinence, pointing to morphine-induced long- lasting changes. In the second part of the thesis, neuroanatomical connections of the subfornical area of the lateral hypothalamus (LHsf) were mapped in mice and examined the activation of mu and delta receptors in this region following fasting and refeeding in HF diet and chow diet. Within the LHsf, which was reciprocally connected to many hypothalamic and reward related brain areas, fasting internalized delta receptors irrespective to the diet regimen whereas refeeding differentially activated mu and receptors in chow-fed and HFD-fed animals. Finally, opioid system related gene expression was measured in the long-term fc-HFHS fed and voluntary wheel running rats, which only revealed an interaction effect for delta opioid receptor expression in the LH
Zein, Naïmah. "“CpdX”, a non-steroidal Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonistic Modulator (SEGRAM) selectively triggers the beneficial anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids, but not their long-term debilitating effects." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ088.
Full textUpon binding of natural or synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) (e.g. Dexamethasone) to their glucocorticoid receptor (GR), GCs regulate the expression of target genes either by (i) direct transactivation through direct binding to “(+)GRE” DNA binding sites (DBS), (ii) direct transrepression through binding to “IR nGRE” DBSs or (iii) tethered indirect transrepression mediated through interaction with transactivators, such as NFkB, AP1, or STAT3 bound to their cognate DBSs. The beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of GCs have been generally ascribed to tethered transrepression, whereas many of their long-term undesirable side-effects could be due to transactivation and/or direct transrepression. Our laboratory recently reported that a non-steroidal compound, named CpdX, selectively lacks both direct transactivation and direct transrepression functions, while still exerting an indirect transrepression activity. The goal of our project was to characterize CpdX and some of its derivatives as effective anti-inflammatory drugs similar to glucocorticoids, but lacking their main deleterious side-effects, e.g. osteoporosis, skin atrophy and metabolic disorders. To this end, we have used experimental mouse model for skin disorders (atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis), asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis and allergic conjunctivitis, combined with immunology, molecular and cellular biology. My thesis studies have demonstrated that in mouse models, CpdX and its derivatives exhibit anti-inflammatory activities, which are similar to those of glucocorticoids (Part I). Importantly, we further show that CpdX and its derivatives do not exhibit the long-term debilitating side-effects of glucocorticoids (Part II). Thereby paving the way to a new era in the long-term therapy of major inflammatory diseases
Dewaeles, Edmonde. "Identification et caractérisation de nouveaux déterminants moléculaires à l’origine de la résistance des tumeurs pulmonaires au cisplatine et de ses effets néphrotoxiques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S025.
Full textLung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of cancer, accounting for 80% of lung cancer. Cisplatin combination therapy represents the cornerstone of NSCLC treatment. Unfortunately, its clinical use is limited by two major issues: chemoresistance and the occurrence of serious adverse side effects, such as renal toxicity. In this thesis work, we have sought to identify and characterize new molecular determinants involved in the chemoresistance and/or renal toxicity of cisplatin. First, using a functional screening in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, we identified a miRNA whose overexpression decreases cell sensitivity to cisplatin. Then, we studied the molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance and demonstrated involvement of this miRNA in the regulation of signaling pathways associated with the apoptotic process and the metabolism of vitamin B 6. Secondly, we evaluated the role of the adenosine A2A receptor in cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. Our results showed that renal expression of this receptor is increased in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and that pharmacological modulation of A2AR, using selective antagonists, reduced cisplatin nephrotoxic effects. Lastly, using syngenic graft model, we showed that the administration of the selective A2AR antagonist did not compromise the anti-tumor properties of cisplatin; Overall, this work uncovered new therapeutic strategies that could either increase the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma to cisplatin or limit its nephrotoxic effects
Emhemmed, Fathi. "Evaluation des effets anticarcinogéniques de la flavagline synthétique FL3 sur les cellules souches cancéreuses : caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires mis en jeu." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ042/document.
Full textIt is believed that small subpopulation of cells within the tumor, with powerful self-renewal capacity, are involved in tumor progression, aggressiveness and resistance to both chemo- and radio-therapy. These cells, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), are known to express the stemness factors Oct4 and Nanog, when they are highly pluripotent. The aim of my thesis was therefore to analyze the effects of small pharmacological molecules which are able to target in CSCs these self-renewal regulators, in order to bring new effective therapies for cancer. More specifically, this thesis was aimed to study the selective anticancer activity of a synthetic flavagline, namely FL3,on a poorly differentiated and highly malignant CSC model (i.e. the teratocarcinomal stem-like cell) that expresses the stemness factors. Here in we also used a model of very restricted normal stem cell (NSC) (i.e. the fibroblasticstem-like cell), to evaluate the selective effect of this drug. We found that, unlike in NSCS, FL3 was able to trigger a mitochondrial pro-apoptotic process in CSCS, via the activation of p38 MAPK and caspase3, followed by a downregulation of Oct4 and Nanog. We newt investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the protection ofNSCS against the cytotoxic effects of the drug. We found that FL3 selectively activated the prosurvival proteins Akt and Bad in NSCS. Indeed, forced inhibition of the expression of these proteins triggered a caspase-3 proapoptotic process in FL3-treated NSCS. In a next step, we showed that the drug, at low concentration, was able to induce the differentiation of CSCS, by downregulating the expression of Oct4 and Nanog at both transcriptionand translation levels. This effect coincided with an upregulation of the expression of several neural markers. Taken as a whole, the results reported in my thesis clearly demonstrate that the synthetic flavagline FL3 is a powerful anticancer compound, since it acts as a selective proapoptotic and pro-differentiating agent on cancer stem-like cells, without having any effect on normal stem-like cells
Tronel, Claire. "Evaluation des effets de molécules à visée neuroprotectrice dans un modèle in vivo de neuroinflammation chez le rat : étude mécanistique et caractérisation du modèle au cours du temps." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3806/document.
Full textNeuroinflammation is a key part of the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases and is an interesting target in their treatment. In this PhD work, we studied the effects of two potentially anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective molecules, hemin and C16, in an in vivo rat model of neuroinflammation by intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA). We showed that heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) induction by hemin has deleterious effects whereas inhibition of the protein kinase RNA activated (PKR) by C16 treatment induced neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Concurrently, we evaluated longitudinal evolution of neuroinflammation in our model. Results showed the kinetic of the inflammatory phenomena; the ability of cerebral tissue to recover integrity and the capability of this model to evaluate potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory drugs in a long-time study
Kamoun, Nisrine. "Bénéfice thérapeutique d'un traitement par l'étifoxine (stresam™) dans les neuropathies accompagnées de comorbidités anxiodépressives : étude préclinique chez la souris." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ102/document.
Full textNeuropathic pain is associated with significant co-morbidity, including anxiety and depression, which impact considerably on the overall patient experience. Several lines of evidence suggest that anxiolytics may be of interest to alleviate pain symptoms and the associated negative emotions in chronic pain states. Among them, the non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic etifoxine (EFX: stresam™) has an interesting pharmacological profile. In patients, it has a weak sedative action, with limited functional tolerance and dependence, and without cognitive declines. In this study, we aim at analyzing the preclinical therapeutic potential of etifoxine on the anxiodepressive consequences of neuropathic pain