Journal articles: 'MEM'

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Ashok, Raksit, Saurabh Chheda, and Csaba Andras Moritz. "Cool-Mem." ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 30, no. 5 (December 2002): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/635506.605412.

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Ashok, Raksit, Saurabh Chheda, and Csaba Andras Moritz. "Cool-Mem." ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 36, no. 5 (December 2002): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/635508.605412.

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Ashok, Raksit, Saurabh Chheda, and Csaba Andras Moritz. "Cool-Mem." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 37, no. 10 (October 2002): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/605432.605412.

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Zhang, Xiao-Liang, Can Geng, Jia-Mei Nie, and Qiao Gao. "The missing mem-inerter and extended mem-dashpot found." Nonlinear Dynamics 101, no. 2 (July 2020): 835–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05837-7.

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Konzack, Lars. "Meme Fame." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Informationsvidenskab og Kulturformidling 4, no. 2 (March 15, 2015): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntik.v4i2.25926.

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Artiklen beskriver og analyserer de nye former for berømmelse, internettet har skabt og udviklet. Den sætter fokus på mennesker, der alene har opnået berømmelse gennem informationsspredning og videndeling på internettet - internet-mem. Hvad er et internet-mem? spørger artiklen. Den gennemgår litteraturen om dette fænomen og sætter derefter med bestemmelserne som grundlag analytisk fokus på en række cases, der illustrerer det.

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Little, Marlene. "Mem...or...y." Craft Research 9, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/crre.9.2.311_7.

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Csuhaj-Varjú, Erzsébet, and György Vaszil. "(Mem)brane automata." Theoretical Computer Science 404, no. 1-2 (September 2008): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.004.

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Cipollini, Fabrizio, Robert F. Engle, and Giampiero M. Gallo. "SEMIPARAMETRIC VECTOR MEM." Journal of Applied Econometrics 28, no. 7 (September 18, 2012): 1067–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jae.2292.

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Du, Li Nan, Wei Xin Luan, and Yi Peng Jiang. "Research on the Development Potential of China's Strategic Marine Industries -- Marine Engineering Equipment Manufacturing Industry." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 3626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.3626.

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With the increasingly fierce contention marine resources and space, marine engineering equipment manufacturing (referred to as MEEM) industry to become a strategic pillar industry of the coastal countries and regions. In October 2010, the State Council issued a document which defined MEM industry is one of the strategic emerging industries to cultivate during the 12th Five-Year Plan From the three support aspects of the industry, market demand, industry and the development environment, the paper build a index system to evaluate MEEM development potential, apply AHP and variation coefficient method to weight for each indicator empowerment, and then according to the MEEM development potential evaluation value, and provide a reference for regional MEM industry development ideas.

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Hirano, Takashi, Satoru Kodama, Toshiaki Kawano, and Masashi Suzuki. "Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells and Chronic Inflammation in the Middle Ear in a Mouse Model of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion Induced by Combined Eustachian Tube Blockage and Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Infection." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 1 (November 9, 2015): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01128-15.

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NontypeableHaemophilus influenzae(NTHi) is associated with chronic otitis media (COM). In this study, we generated a murine model of COM by using eustachian tube (ET) obstruction and NTHi (107CFU) inoculation into the tympanic bulla, and we investigated the relationship between regulatory T cells (Treg) and chronic inflammation in the middle ear. Middle ear effusions (MEEs) and middle ear mucosae (MEM) were collected at days 3 and 14 and at 1 and 2 months after inoculation. Untreated mice served as controls. MEEs were used for bacterial counts and to measure the concentrations of cytokines. MEM were collected for histological evaluation and flow cytometric analysis. Inflammation of the MEM was prolonged throughout this study, and the incidence of NTHi culture-positive MEE was 38% at 2 months after inoculation. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-β), tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-10, and transforming growth factor β were increased in the middle ear for up to 2 months after inoculation. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg accumulated in the middle ear, and the percentage of Treg in the MEM increased for up to 2 months after inoculation. Treg depletion induced a 99.9% reduction of bacterial counts in MEEs and also significantly reduced the ratio of NTHi culture-positive MEE. The levels of these cytokines were also reduced in MEEs. In summary, we developed a murine model of COM, and our findings indicate that Treg confer infectious tolerance to NTHi in the middle ear.

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Hendrykowski, Marek. "Okno McLuhana. Mem internetowy." Forum Poetyki, no. 26 (December 28, 2021): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fp.2021.26.30850.

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Johnson, Marcia K. "MEM: Mechanisms of Recollection." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 4, no. 3 (July 1992): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1992.4.3.268.

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The MEM framework (Johnson, 1991a, b; Johnson & Hirst, 1992; Johnson & Multhaup, 1992) consists of a relatively small set of component cognitive processes configured into memory subsystems. Here MEM is used to discuss “recollection,” particularly the mechanisms by which aspects of experience become bound together to yield the phenomenal experience of contextually specific, event-like memories. I consider how central aspects of complex events are bound to each other and propose that these same cognitive activities operate to bind central and contextual elements into “episodic” memories. Attention is particularly focused on the role of reactivation in establishing complex memories and in strengthening or consolidating them over time.

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Riaza, Ricardo. "Second order mem-circuits." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 43, no. 11 (October 30, 2014): 1719–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.2037.

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Tencheva, Aleksandra, Radoslav Chayrov, Petko Mandjukov, Dancho Danalev, and Ivanka Stankova. "Hydrolytic Stability of New Amino Acids Analogues of Memantine." Scientia Pharmaceutica 88, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/scipharm88030038.

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In the present work, the hydrolytic stability of new memantine analogues modified with amino acids, at different pH corresponding to the human biological liquids and organs, was evaluated. Memantine is an uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist with low-to moderate-affinity. In addition, it is the first representative of a novel class of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) medications acting on the glutamatergic system by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Generally, prodrugs are compounds aiming to improve stability of active fragment and to facilitate transportation across the cell membranes or lipid barriers. The investigated series of prodrugs include modified memantine with the following amino acids: alanine, β-alanine, glycine, phenylalanine, and valine. Hydrolytic stability was determined at two different pH values 2.0 and 7.4 at 37 °C, similar to those in the human stomach and blood plasma. Specially developed UV-VIS spectrophotometric method for quantification of the concentrations of unchanged compounds was applied in the kinetic studies. Val-MEM is the most stable in neutral medium and at 37 °C compound with t1/2 = 50.2 h. The compound Phe-MEM has also very good hydrolytic stability with t1/2 = 29.6 h. The order of other compounds is: Val-MEM ≫ Phe-MEM ≫ Ala-MEM ≈ Val-MEM > β-Ala-MEM. Ala-MEM and Gly-MEM are the most stable compounds at acid condition with almost identical values for t1/2 = 17.8 h and t1/2 = 16.3 h, respectively. The stability of tested compounds in acid conditions are relatively less than in neutral one. They are ordered as follows: Ala-MEM ≈ Gly-MEM > Val-MEM ≈ Phe-MEM ≈ β-Ala-MEM. All compounds have relatively good hydrolytic stability of more than 10 h at both neutral and acid conditions, which is quite enough in order to pass in the blood circulation and to be used as a potential antimicrobial agent.

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Asempa, Tomefa E., Ana Motos, Kamilia Abdelraouf, Caterina Bissantz, Claudia Zampaloni, and David P. Nicolau. "1368. Assessment of the In Vivo Efficacy of Human-Simulated Epithelial Lining Fluid (ELF) Exposure of Meropenem/Nacubactam (MEM/NAC) Combination Against β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Neutropenic Lung Infection Model." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1199.

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Abstract Background NAC is a novel dual action β-lactamase inhibitor with in vitro activity against class A, class C, and some class D β-lactamases and antibacterial activity against Enterobactaeriaceae. NAC is being developed as a combination therapy with MEM for the treatment of serious Gram-negative bacterial infections. This study evaluated the efficacy of the human-simulated ELF exposure of MEM/NAC, compared with those of MEM or NAC alone against β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates in the neutropenic murine lung infection model. Methods Eight clinical MEM-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates harboring various β-lactamases (IMI, KPC, OXA, TEM, SHV, and AmpC) were utilized in the study. MEM and MEM:NAC (1:1) combination MICs were determined in triplicate via broth microdilution. ICR mice were rendered transiently neutropenic, and lungs were inoculated with 50 µL bacterial suspensions of 107 CFU/mL. Regimens in mice that simulated the human ELF exposures following doses of MEM 2g q8h and NAC 2g q8h (1.5 hours infusions) as monotherapies and in combination were established. Treatment mice received MEM human-simulated regimen (HSR), NAC HSR, or MEM/NAC HSR and control mice were vehicle-dosed. Treatment was started 2 hours after inoculation and continued for 24 hours. Efficacy was assessed as the change in log10CFU/lung at 24 hours compared with 0 hours controls. Results MEM and MEM/NAC MICs were 8–512 and 0.5–8 mg/L, respectively. The average log10CFU/lung at 0 hours across all isolates was 6.26 ± 0.26. Relative to 0 hours control, the mean bacterial growth at 24 hours in the untreated control mice, MEM HSR, and NAC HSR treatment groups were 2.93 ± 0.29, 2.72 ± 0.42, and 1.75 ± 0.80 log10CFU/lung, respectively. MEM/NAC HSR resulted in up to 2-log bacterial reduction in isolates with MEM/NAC MIC ≤4 mg/L. Conclusion MEM/NAC human-simulated ELF exposure produced enhanced efficacy against MEM-resistant β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates with MEM/NAC MIC ≤4 mg/L. These data support a potential role for MEM/NAC for treatment of lung infections due to β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and warrant further studies. This project has been funded in part under HHS BARDA Contract HHSO100201600038C. Disclosures C. Bissantz, F Hoffmann La Roche Ltd.: Employee, Salary. C. Zampaloni, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.: Employee, Salary. D. P. Nicolau, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient.

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Rajan, Srijay, Davide Verotta, Christina Sutherland, David P. Nicolau, Alfred Spormann, and Katherine Yang. "Spatio-temporal Activity of Human-Simulated Exposures of Meropenem (MEM) and Ceftolozane (TOL) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.673.

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Abstract Background TOL and MEM possess in vitro activity against P. Aeruginosa grown in planktonic culture. Less is known about the activity of TOL and MEM on antibiotic-tolerant biofilms, such as those residing in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The objective of this study is to compare the spatial and temporal activity of TOL and MEM on early and mature P. Aeruginosa biofilms grown in flow-chambers. Methods PAO1 and a clinical strain (strA) isolated from a child with CF were used. Isolates were cultivated in flow-chambers for 24 or 72 hours. Early (24-hours) biofilms were treated with the simulated human concentrations of 1 dose of either 2 g of TOL or MEM. Peak concentrations were 150 mg/L and 107.53 mg/L for TOL and MEM. Mature (72-hours) biofilms were treated with 3 doses of MEM or TOL administered every 8 hours. Images were acquired during antibiotic treatment using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Images were processed with Imaris and analyzed using COMSTAT 2.0. Pharmacodynamic modeling was performed with NONMEM. Results PAO1 and strA were susceptible to TOL and MEM per CLSI guidelines. Kill rates for TOL and MEM are shown below. TOL displayed smaller killing rates compared with MEM for early biofilms; TOL and MEM showed similar activity against the mature clinical strain (strA). MEM and TOL were less effective against strA compared with PAO1. Conclusion TOL and MEM displayed similar spatial activity against P. Aeruginosa biofilms grown in flow-chambers. Temporal differences in kill rates and bacterial recovery between TOL and MEM may inform future dosing strategies for biofilm-associated infections such as CF. Disclosures D. Verotta, Merck: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient. D. P. Nicolau, Merck: Investigator and Speaker’s Bureau, Research support. K. Yang, Merck: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient.

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Ellsworth, J. L., C. Chandrasekaran, and A. D. Cooper. "Evidence for sterol-independent regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity in Hep-G2 cells." Biochemical Journal 279, no. 1 (October 1, 1991): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2790175.

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The relationship between the serum factor(s)-mediated induction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity and changes in cellular cholesterol metabolism was examined in the human hepatoma cell line Hep-G2. Relative to incubation with serum-free media [Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) control], short-term (less than 8 h) incubation with medium containing 15% of either calf serum (MEM + serum) or the d greater than 1.25 fraction of calf serum (MEM + d greater than 1.25) produced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the uptake of 125I-LDL. Immunoblotting with anti-(LDL receptor) antibodies demonstrated that this was correlated with a 2-fold increase in the amount of the mature 136,000 Da LDL receptor protein in detergent-solubilized Hep-G2 cell membranes. Incubation with MEM + serum, but not MEM + d greater than 1.25, increased the efflux of radiolabelled cholesterol from Hep-G2 cells. However, the induction of 125I-LDL uptake by MEM + d greater than 1.25 (2.3-fold) and MEM + serum (2.2-fold) was virtually identical. Addition of the d less than 1.063 lipoproteins of calf serum to MEM + d greater than 1.25 at their original or three times their serum concentration decreased the induction of 125I-LDL uptake by MEM + d greater than 1.25 by only 20-30%. Together, these results suggest that the stimulation of 125I-LDL uptake was not due to the presence of high-density lipoprotein, the absence of LDL or the stimulation of cholesterol efflux. MEM + serum stimulated 125I-LDL uptake in cells cholesterol-loaded by incubation with rat very-low-density lipoprotein with beta electrophoretic mobility (beta-VLDL). Compared to incubation with the MEM control, either MEM + serum or MEM + d greater than 1.25 produced time-dependent increases in the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase which also occurred in cholesterol-loaded cells. However, cholesterol biosynthesis, whether measured from 3H2O, [14C]acetate or [3H]mevalonic acid, was not increased. Incubation with MEM + serum or MEM + d greater than 1.25 did not affect [3H]oleate incorporation into cellular cholesteryl esters, hydrolysis of intracellular [3H]cholesteryl esters or the cellular mass of unesterified or esterified cholesterol. Incubation with MEM + serum or MEM + d greater than 1.25 produced a transient increase in the level of LDL receptor mRNA, reaching a maximum of 5-10-fold by 2 h and decreasing to near baseline levels by 4 h. Actinomycin D blocked the serum-factor-mediated induction of LDL receptor mRNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Zhang, Yunpeng, Shuping Li, Youxu Wang, Gang Deng, Ning Cao, Chao Wu, Wenzheng Ding, Yuwen Wang, Xuemei Cheng, and Changhong Wang. "Potential Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interaction Between Harmine, a Cholinesterase Inhibitor, and Memantine, a Non-Competitive N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071430.

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Harmine (HAR) is a beta-carboline alkaloid widely distributed in nature. It exhibits psychopharmacological effects of improving learning and memory. However, excessive dose of HAR can cause central tremor toxicity, which may be related to the glutamate system. Memantine (MEM) is a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist. It can be used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and also can block the neurotoxicity caused by glutamate. Therefore, combination of HAR and MEM would be meaningful and the pharmacokinetics investigation of HAR and MEM in combination is necessary. A ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established and validated for the simultaneous quantitative determination of MEM, HAR and harmol (HOL), a main metabolite of HAR, in rat plasma after oral administration of HAR and MEM in combination (5.0 mg/kg of MEM combined with 20.0, 40.0, 80.0 mg/kg of HAR). The contents of HAR and HOL were determined after oral administration of HAR (20.0, 40.0 and 80.0 mg/kg), and the content of MEM was determined after oral administration of MEM (5.0 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected from each rat at 0 (pre-dose), 0.08, 0.17, 0.25, 0.33, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0 and 24.0 h after administration. The maximum peak concentration (Cmax) of MEM was obviously decreased, and the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from zero to time t (AUC(0-t)) and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly increased after combination with HAR. The Cmax and AUC(0-t) of HAR and its metabolite HOL were increased after combination with MEM. These findings suggested that co-administration of HAR and MEM could extend their residence time in rats, and then might increase the efficacy for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, this study will provide a basis for the rational combined application of HAR and MEM.

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Davies Forsman, L., C. G. Giske, J. Bruchfeld, T. Schön, P. Juréen, and K. Ängeby. "Meropenem-Clavulanic Acid Has HighIn VitroActivity against Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 6 (March 30, 2015): 3630–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00171-15.

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ABSTRACTWe investigated the activity of meropenem-clavulanic acid (MEM-CLA) against 68Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates. We included predominantly multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB) isolates, since the activity of MEM-CLA for resistant isolates has previously not been studied extensively. Using Middlebrook 7H10 medium, all but four isolates showed an MIC distribution of 0.125 to 2 mg/liter for MEM-CLA, below the non-species-related breakpoint for MEM of 2 mg/liter defined by EUCAST. MEM-CLA is a potential treatment option for MDR/XDR-TB.

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Liu, Yunsheng, Lan Cao, Xiaoxu Zhang, Yan Liang, Yuxia Xu, and Cuiqing Zhu. "Memantine Differentially Regulates Tau Phosphorylation Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress of Varying Duration in Mice." Neural Plasticity 2019 (February 14, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4168472.

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Exposure to chronic psychiatric stress has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease-related tau hyperphosphorylation and abnormalities in glutamate neurotransmission. However, the pathological relationship between glutamatergic dysfunction and tau phosphorylation in the cerebral cortex under chronic psychiatric stress is not fully understood. The present study investigated the effects of memantine (MEM, 5 and 10 mg/kg), an uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on chronic restraint stress- (CRS-) induced tau phosphorylation in mice. CRS administered for 16 or 28 consecutive days (1 h daily) induced significant tau phosphorylation in the brain. MEM treatment suppressed the elevation of phosphorylated tau (P-tau) levels induced by 16-day CRS in a dose-dependent manner. P-tau reduction was accompanied by the attenuation of the upregulation of GSK3β and CDK5 expression and the downregulation of PP2A activity induced by CRS. Additionally, MEM reduced CRS-induced upregulation of NMDA receptor subunit levels (GluN2A, GluN2B) in the frontal cortex. However, MEM markedly enhanced tau phosphorylation in the frontal cortex and other cerebral cortical regions following 28 days of CRS. The stimulatory effect of MEM on CRS-induced tau phosphorylation was correlated with increased activities of AKT, JNK, and GSK3β, inactivation of PP2A, and downregulation of Pin1 and HSP70. Moreover, MEM did not effectively reverse the NMDA receptor upregulation induced by 28-day CRS and even increased GluN2B subunit levels. In contrast to the duration-dependent effects of MEM on P-tau levels, MEM produced an anxiolytic effect in both regimens as revealed by elevated plus maze testing. However, MEM did not affect the body weight reduction induced by CRS. Thus, MEM exerts distinctive effects on CRS-induced tau phosphorylation, which might be related to the expression of GluN2B. The differential effects of MEM on P-tau levels have crucial implications for its clinical application.

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Marszalek, Wieslaw, and Tewodros Amdeberhan. "Least Action Principle for Mem-Elements." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 10 (October 25, 2015): 1550148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615501480.

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We study the principle of least (stationary) action for mem-elements. The least action principle allows us to derive relationships between the electrical variables for each of the six mem-elements. The principle of least action from modern physics is a natural environment to characterize mem-elements, including various one-period loops in the context of periodic circuits. The time-integrals of Lagrangian lead to the action and coaction quantities and a full characterization of mem-elements with periodic control variables.

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Matsumoto, Takashi, Kyoji Sekiguchi, Zenji Kawakami, Junko Watanabe, Kazushige Mizoguchi, Yasushi Ikarashi, and Masahiro Yamamoto. "Basic Study of Drug-Drug Interaction between Memantine and the Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine Yokukansan." Molecules 24, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010115.

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Several basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies were conducted as part of a group of studies to clarify the drug-drug interaction (DDI) between memantine (MEM), a drug used to treat Alzheimer’s disease, and yokukansan (YKS), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine used to treat behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. The pharmacokinetic studies showed that there were no statistically significant differences in MEM concentrations in the plasma, brain, and urine between mice treated with MEM alone and with MEM plus YKS. Regarding candidate active ingredients of YKS, there were also no statistically significant differences in concentrations of geissoschizine methyl ether in the plasma and brain, urine, glycyrrhetinic acid in the plasma, and isoliquiritigenin in the urine, in mice treated with YKS alone or with MEM plus YKS. The pharmacological studies showed that isoliquiritigenin, which has an N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonistic effect, did not affect the inhibitory effect of MEM on NMDA-induced intracellular Ca2+ influx in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. Moreover, YKS did not affect either the ameliorative effects of MEM on NMDA-induced learning and memory impairment, or the MEM-induced decrease in locomotor activities in mice. These results suggest that there is probably no pharmacokinetic or pharmacological interaction between MEM and YKS in mice, but more detailed studies are needed in the future. Our findings provide important information for future studies, to clarify the DDI more regarding the efficacy and safety of combined use of these drugs in a clinical situation.

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Hardan, Antonio Y., Robert L. Hendren, Michael G. Aman, Adelaide Robb, Raun D. Melmed, Kristen A. Andersen, Rachel Luchini, et al. "Efficacy and safety of memantine in children with autism spectrum disorder: Results from three phase 2 multicenter studies." Autism 23, no. 8 (April 26, 2019): 2096–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318824103.

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Three phase 2 trials were conducted to assess the efficacy and long-term safety of weight-based memantine extended release (ER) treatment in children with autism spectrum disorder. MEM-MD-91, a 50-week open-label trial, identified memantine extended-release treatment responders for enrollment into MEM-MD-68, a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal trial. MEM-MD-69 was an open-label extension trial in which participants from MEM-MD-68, MEM-MD-91, and open-label trial MEM-MD-67 were treated ⩽48 weeks with memantine extended release. In MEM-MD-91, 517 (59.6%) participants were confirmed Social Responsiveness Scale responders at week 12; mean Social Responsiveness Scale total raw scores improved two to three times a minimal clinically important difference of 10 points. In MEM-MD-68, there was no difference between memantine and placebo on the primary efficacy parameter, the proportion of patients with a loss of therapeutic response (defined as ⩾10-point increase from baseline in Social Responsiveness Scale total raw score). MEM-MD-69 exploratory analyses revealed mean standard deviation improvement in Social Responsiveness Scale total raw score of 32.4 (26.4) from baseline of the first lead-in study. No new safety concerns were evident. While the a priori–defined efficacy results of the double-blind trial were not achieved, the considerable improvements in mean Social Responsiveness Scale scores from baseline in the open-label trials were presumed to be clinically important.

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Shanbhag, Siddharth, Carina Kampleitner, Niyaz Al-Sharabi, Samih Mohamed-Ahmed, Karol Ali Apaza Alccayhuaman, Patrick Heimel, Stefan Tangl, et al. "Functionalizing Collagen Membranes with MSC-Conditioned Media Promotes Guided Bone Regeneration in Rat Calvarial Defects." Cells 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12050767.

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Functionalizing biomaterials with conditioned media (CM) from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is a promising strategy for enhancing the outcomes of guided bone regeneration (GBR). This study aimed to evaluate the bone regenerative potential of collagen membranes (MEM) functionalized with CM from human bone marrow MSC (MEM-CM) in critical size rat calvarial defects. MEM-CM prepared via soaking (CM-SOAK) or soaking followed by lyophilization (CM-LYO) were applied to critical size rat calvarial defects. Control treatments included native MEM, MEM with rat MSC (CEL) and no treatment. New bone formation was analyzed via micro-CT (2 and 4 weeks) and histology (4 weeks). Greater radiographic new bone formation occurred at 2 weeks in the CM-LYO group vs. all other groups. After 4 weeks, only the CM-LYO group was superior to the untreated control group, whereas the CM-SOAK, CEL and native MEM groups were similar. Histologically, the regenerated tissues showed a combination of regular new bone and hybrid new bone, which formed within the membrane compartment and was characterized by the incorporation of mineralized MEM fibers. Areas of new bone formation and MEM mineralization were greatest in the CM-LYO group. Proteomic analysis of lyophilized CM revealed the enrichment of several proteins and biological processes related to bone formation. In summary, lyophilized MEM-CM enhanced new bone formation in rat calvarial defects, thus representing a novel ‘off-the-shelf’ strategy for GBR.

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Patel, C. B., C. S. Kothari, N. R. Patel, and O. Sherikar. "BIOANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE BY SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC METHOD USING OPA Β-MERCAPTOETHANOL AS DERIVATIZING AGENT." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 09 (September 28, 2014): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.09.10120.

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A new, simple, accurate, sensitive and specific bioanalytical spectrofluorimetric method was developed and validated for estimation of memantine hydrochloride (MEM) in human plasma. Estimation of MEM in human plasma was done by spiked human plasma studies. Extraction of MEM from human plasma was carried out using 5% trichloroacetic acid for protein precipitation followed by liquid-liquid extraction with 5% IPA in n-hexane. For spectrofluorimetric estimation delta value 65 applied in synchronous mode (medium sensitivity mode) and fluorescence intensity was measured at 420 nm. Developed method was found linear to be in the concentration range of 50-300 ng/mL with correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9951. Percentage recovery was found to be 77.85-83.68% for MEM. High recovery shows that the method is free from the interference from plasma constituents. Hence, proposed method can be used for estimation of MEM in routine quality control laboratories for quantitative determination of MEM in bulk as well as in human plasma. Further it can also be used to determine plasma MEM concentration in drug monitoring or in pharmacokinetic investigations.

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Okujava, Rusudan, Fernando Garcia-Alcalde, Andreas Haldimann, Claudia Zampaloni, Ian Morrissey, Sophie Magnet, Nimmi Kothari, Ian Harding, and Kenneth Bradley. "1359. Activity of Meropenem/Nacubactam Combination Against Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates: ROSCO Global Surveillance 2017." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1190.

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Abstract Background Nacubactam (NAC, OP0595, RG6080) is a novel member of the diazabicyclooctane inhibitor family with a dual mode of action, acting as a β-lactamase inhibitor and an antibacterial agent by means of PBP2 inactivation. NAC restores and extends the activity of β-lactam antibiotics, such as meropenem (MEM), when used in combination against a variety of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). The first year results of the ROSCO surveillance study for MEM/NAC against contemporary clinical isolates are presented here. Methods Isolates (n = 4,695) collected in 2017 from 50 sites in the United States and European hospitals included 30 different species of Enterobacteriaceae (EB, n = 3,306), Pseudomonas spp. (n = 960) and Acinetobacter spp. (n = 429). The predominant species of EB are shown in figure below. MICs were determined by broth microdilution following CLSI methodology for MEM/NAC at a fixed 1:1 ratio (w:w) and by titrating MEM with a constant concentration of NAC at 4 mg/L. Results were compared with MIC values of MEM and NAC alone and standard of care antibiotics, including ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI). Results MIC50/90 for MEM, NAC, and MEM/NAC against all EB isolates and by species are shown in the figure below. NAC alone displayed a bimodal MIC distribution for EB, with a prominent separation at ≤4 mg/L. MEM/NAC 1:1 inhibited 99.5, 99.7, and 99.9% of the 3,306 EB isolates tested, at ≤2, ≤4, and ≤8 mg/L, respectively; while MEM inhibited 96.5, 96.8, and 97.3% of the isolates at the same concentrations. Of 117 (3.5% of total EB) MEM nonsusceptible (by EUCAST) and multidrug resistant (MDR, by Magiorakos AP, et al., 2012) EB, 87.2, 92.3, and 96.6% were inhibited by MEM/NAC 1:1 at ≤2, ≤4, and ≤8 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, MEM/NAC1:1 displayed MIC ≤8 mg/L for 33 out of 37 CAZ/AVI-resistant MDR EB isolates. MEM/NAC had a similar activity to MEM alone against Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. Conclusion MEM/NAC combination shows excellent in vitro activity against current clinical EB isolates and the potential to extend MEM activity to MDR, MEM nonsusceptible and CAZ/AVI-resistant isolates, which supports the continued clinical development of MEM/NAC for infections caused by CREs. This project has been funded in part under HHS BARDA Contract HHSO100201600038C. Disclosures R. Okujava, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland: Employee, Salary. F. Garcia-Alcalde, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland: Employee, Salary. A. Haldimann, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland: Employee, Salary. C. Zampaloni, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland: Employee, Salary. I. Morrissey, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland: Research Contractor, Contracting fee to IHMA. S. Magnet, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland: Research Contractor, Contracting fee to IHMA. N. Kothari, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland: Research Contractor, Contracting fee to IHMA. I. Harding, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland: Research Contractor, Contracting fee to Micron. K. Bradley, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland: Employee, Salary.

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Knauer, Mark, Jerry Purvis, Ning Lu, Uislei Orlando, Carine Vier, and Wayne Cast. "279 Evaluation of the NRC (2012) model in estimating standard maintenance metabolizable energy requirement of PIC sows during mid-gestation." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.170.

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Abstract The objective was to evaluate the NRC (2012) model in predicting standard maintenance metabolizable energy (MEm) of PIC sows during mid-gestation. A total of 201 PIC Camborough sows (parity 1 to 10) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a complete randomized design between day 36 and 46 post-breeding. Treatments consisted of feeding sows with daily feed allowances to meet 80, 90, 100 or 110% of MEm calculated as MEm, kcal/day = 100 × (body weight)0.75. A common corn-soybean meal-based diet with 3,302 kcal of ME/kg and 0.61% standardized ileal digestible lysine was fed for 28 days. Sow body weight (BW) and sow body condition caliper score (CS) were captured at day 0, 14 and 28. Data were analyzed with PROC GLM of SAS with sow as experimental unit. Average sow parity and feed allowance were 4.2 and 1.79 kg/day, respectively. Average sow BW and sow CS at day 0, 14 and 28 were 234, 233 and 242 kg and 14.9, 14.9 and 14.8, respectively. Increasing feed allowances to meet 80 to 110% of MEm requirement increased (linear, P< 0.01) average daily gain (ADG; 0.100, 0.259, 0.417 and 0.440 kg/d, respectively). The estimated regression equation was ADG, kg/day = -0.83 + 1.193 × MEm, estimating the MEm to maintain BW was below 80% of NRC (2012) estimate. Caliper score change (CSC) increased (linear, P< 0.01) with increasing feed allowances to meet 80 to 110% of MEm requirement (-0.78, -0.26, 0.13, and 0.35, respectively). The estimated regression equation was CSC = -3.73 + 3.78 × MEm, estimating the MEm to maintain CS at 98.7% of NRC (2012) estimate. In summary, results showed that the MEm to maintain BW and CS for PIC sows during mid-gestation was below 80% and at 98.7%, respectively, of NRC (2012) estimated requirement.

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Palm, Kiri. "Cat Dog by Mem Fox." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 75, no. 2 (2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2021.0521.

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Beasley, Alexander E., Mohammed-Salah Abdelouahab, René Lozi, Michail-Antisthenis Tsompanas, Anna L. Powell, and Andrew Adamatzky. "Mem-fractive properties of mushrooms." Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 16, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 066026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/ac2e0c.

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Abstract Memristors close the loop for I–V characteristics of the traditional, passive, semi-conductor devices. A memristor is a physical realisation of the material implication and thus is a universal logical element. Memristors are getting particular interest in the field of bioelectronics. Electrical properties of living substrates are not binary and there is nearly a continuous transitions from being non-memristive to mem-fractive (exhibiting a combination of passive memory) to ideally memristive. In laboratory experiments we show that living oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus exhibit mem-fractive properties. We offer a piece-wise polynomial approximation of the I–V behaviour of the oyster mushrooms. We also report spiking activity, oscillations in conduced current of the oyster mushrooms.

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Takata, Masaki, and Makoto Sakata. "Smart Crystallographic Imaging by MEM." hamon 13, no. 1 (2003): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5611/hamon.13.9.

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Hulick, Jeannette. "Baby Bedtime by Mem Fox." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 68, no. 2 (2014): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2014.0829.

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Kauppinen, Jyrki K., and Eija K. Saario. "What is Wrong with MEM?" Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 8 (August 1993): 1123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934067801.

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The maximum-entropy method (MEM) is a typical method, where the power spectral estimator is claimed to be proportional to the power of the transfer function of the autoregression (AR) model filter. The AR power spectral estimator is shown theoretically and with practical examples to be a very bad approximation of the true power spectrum. The estimator loses almost all the intensity (line strength) information of the power spectrum, and there can be very large distortions in the estimated power spectrum. The reason for the malfunction of the MEM is the approximation where the autocorrelation function of any random white noise is assumed to be the Dirac delta function. However, this is not true in practice.

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Wong, George S. K. "Pressure calibration of MEM microphones." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116, no. 4 (October 2004): 2511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4785019.

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Quealy-Gainer, Kate. "Roly Poly by Mem Fox." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 73, no. 4 (2019): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2019.0828.

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35

Al-Qubaisey, Mohammad, Rita Khounganian, and Abdulhakim Al-Badah. "Microbiological Assessment of Titanium Plates Coated with PLGA, Chitosan, and/or Meropenem: An In Vitro Study." Antibiotics 11, no. 11 (November 6, 2022): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111565.

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This investigation was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of coated titanium plates against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) using various methods. The Colony-forming unit “CFU” was higher in chitosan (CH) in relation to PA than in poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) in relation to SA, followed by meropenem-chitosan “MC” coated plates in relation to PA and SA. A significant difference in the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of SA was determined in MP, MC, and meropenem (MEM). PA was significantly inhibited by MP, MEM, then MC, and the largest ZOI among SA and PA groups were MP coating. Using an MTT assay, MP had the lowest bacterial viability in the SA group, followed by MC and MEM, with no statistically significant difference between the PLGA or CH alone nor the polymers augmented with MEM. Using confocal microscopy, MP-coated plates were seen to have the highest bacterial inhibition, followed by MC, MEM, PLGA, and CH. In the PA group, MP had the highest bacterial inhibition, followed by MEM, MC, CH, and PLGA. The uncoated group presented the lowest inhibition in relation to both SA and PA. Conclusively, coating titanium plates with PLGA or CH with MEM appeared to enhance the antibacterial efficacy as opposed to MEM without polymers through bacterial adhesion inhibition, hindering biofilm formation and preventing bacterial proliferation.

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Le Trung, B. "Des principes de sécurité GAME, MEM, ALARPThe GAME, MEM and ALARP principles of safety." Recherche - Transports - Sécurité 68 (September 2000): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0761-8980(00)90020-7.

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Aini, Nur, Rudy Agung Nugroho, and Nova Hariani. "Growth and Survival Evaluation of Oreochromis Sp fed Hermetia illucens Larva and Manihot esculenta leaves Meal." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i3.15278.

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This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary substitution of fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFM) and Manihot esculenta leaves meal (MEM) on the growth and feed efficiency of Oreochromis sp. Four concentrations viz: P1 (25%): 50g BSFM and 25g MEM, P2 (50%): 100g BSFM and 50g MEM, P3 (75%): 150g BSFM and 75g MEM, P4 (100%): 200g BSFM and 100g MEM were prepared and tested against control without FM replacement. Each diet was fed to three replicates groups of fish at a rate of 5% of body weight two times per day for 30 days. At the end of the trial, growth parameters, Feed conversion rate (FCR), and feed efficiency (FE) were evaluated. The results showed that fish fed dietary substitution of FM with combination ratio of BSFM and MEM higher than 50% significantly improved all growth parameters, FCR and FE. It is therefore suggested that the partial (higher than 50%) or total replacement of fish meal with combination of BSFM and MEM in the diet of Oreochromis sp can be used as fish meal substitution to obtain better growth and feed efficiency.

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Herbreteau, Guillaume, Fabrice Airaud, Elise Pierre-Noël, Audrey Vallée, Stéphane Bézieau, Sandrine Théoleyre, Hélène Blons, Simon Garinet, and Marc Guillaume Denis. "MEM: An Algorithm for the Reliable Detection of Microsatellite Instability (MSI) on a Small NGS Panel in Colorectal Cancer." Cancers 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 4203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164203.

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Purpose: MEM is an NGS algorithm that uses Expectation-Maximisation to detect the presence of unstable alleles from the NGS sequences of five microsatellites (BAT-25, BAT-26, NR-21, NR-24 and NR-27). The purpose of this study was to compare the MEM algorithm with a reference PCR method (MSI-PCR) and MisMatch Repair protein immunohistochemistry (MMR-IHC). Methods: FFPE colorectal cancer samples from 146 patients were analysed in parallel by MSI-PCR and NGS using the MEM algorithm. MMR-IHC results were available for 133 samples. Serial dilutions of an MSI positive control were performed to estimate the limit of detection. Results: the MEM algorithm was able to detect unstable alleles of each microsatellite with up to a 5% allelic fraction. Of the 146 samples, 28 (19.2%) were MSI in MSI-PCR. MEM algorithm results were in perfect agreement with those of MSI-PCR, at both MSI status and individual microsatellite level (Cohen’s kappa = 1). A high level of agreement was noted between MSI-PCR/MEM algorithm results and MMR-IHC results (Cohen’s kappa = 0.931). Conclusion: the MEM algorithm can determine the MSI status of colorectal cancer samples on a small NGS panel, using only five microsatellites approved by international guidelines, and can be combined with screening for targetable mutations.

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Zhang, Xiao-liang, Qiao Gao, and Jiamei Nie. "The mem-inerter: A new mechanical element with memory." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 6 (June 2018): 168781401877842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018778428.

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A new two-terminal mechanical element named the mem-inerter described by a relation between integrated momentum and displacement is introduced as the memory counterpart of an inerter. It exhibits an individual “fingermark” featured by a pinched hysteresis loop located within the momentum-velocity plane. The mem-inerter is attached to a simple mass-spring-damper system. The system equipped with a mem-inerter is mathematically modeled, and its nonlinear vibration equation is derived. To ensure a fair performance comparison between the systems equipped with the mem-inerter and the inerter, the nonlinear mem-inerter with an appropriate helix pitch can be proved to be equivalent to the linear inerter with a fixed inertance by the fact that the systems have the same displacement transmissibility for forced response. Under such a premise, it is found that the system with the mem-inerter having positive initial displacement has better performance for free response than the system with the inerter. Furthermore, the application scenario that both systems are arranged on an inclined plane is taken as an example of the positive initial displacement. The example demonstrates that the system with the mem-inerter has significantly better transient performance than the system with the inerter.

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Li, Ya, Lijun Xie, Ciyan Zheng, Dongsheng Yu, and Jason K. Eshraghian. "Modeling and hardware implementation of universal interface-based floating fractional-order mem-elements." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 33, no. 1 (January 2023): 013141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0124793.

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Fractional-order systems generalize classical differential systems and have empirically shown to achieve fine-grain modeling of the temporal dynamics and frequency responses of certain real-world phenomena. Although the study of integer-order memory element (mem-element) emulators has persisted for several years, the study of fractional-order mem-elements has received little attention. To promote the study of the characteristics and applications of mem-element systems in fractional calculus and memory systems, a novel universal fractional-order mem-elements interface for constructing three types of fractional-order mem-element emulators is proposed in this paper. With the same circuit topology, the floating fractional-order memristor, the fractional-order memcapacitor, and fractional-order meminductor emulators can be implemented by simply combining the impedances of different passive elements. PSPICE circuit simulation and printed circuit board hardware experiments validate the dynamical behaviors and effectiveness of our proposed emulators. In addition, the dynamic relationship between fractional-order parameters and values of fractional-order impedance is explored in MATLAB simulation. The proposed fractional-order mem-element emulators built based on the universal interface are constructed with a small number of active and passive elements, which not only reduces the cost but also promotes the development of fractional-order mem-element emulators and application research for the future.

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41

Bajkova, A. T. "Generalized Versus Classical Maximum Entropy for Imaging." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 158 (1994): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900107624.

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The problem of image reconstruction from incomplete and noisy complex Fourier spectrum is considered. The maximum entropy method (MEM) is of great interest as the most effective nonlinear reconstruction method having superresolution effect. Because objects of radio astronomical observations are incoherent radio sources described by real non-negative distributions, application of the classical MEM is quite reasonable. But it is established that the MEM gives acceptable reconstruction quality mostly in the case of point-like sources and in general it does not ensure satisfactory reconstruction of continous, graytone objects, which can considerably restrict applications of the MEM in astronomy. The generalized maximum entropy method (GMEM) was originally proposed for reconstruction of distributions described by complex functions (Bajkova, 1992) and was considered as having the same properties of the classical MEM. More careful analysis of the GMEM and classical MEM for real non-negative objects allowed to establish that the GMEM ensures much more exact reconstruction, especially in the case of continous objects. Explanation and demonstration of this interesting and very important phenomenon is the purpose of the present paper.

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Rocha, Rebeca Magalhães Pedrosa, Marcello Rubessa, Laritza Ferreira de Lima, Ana Flávia Bezerra da Silva, Rebecca Winters, Kathryn Polkoff, Derek Milner, Cláudio Cabral Campello, Jose Ricardo de Figueiredo, and Matthew Wheeler. "Effect of base media, FSH and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) alone or in combination on the growth of pig preantral follicles in vitro." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 15 (November 14, 2021): e53101522488. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i15.22488.

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To compare the efficiency of North Carolina State University medium 23 (NCSU23) and Alpha Minimum Essential Medium (α-MEM) as a base medium, and to evaluate the effects of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) alone or in combination with Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) on the in vitro development and steroid production of isolated porcine preantral follicles. Porcine secondary follicles were cultured in NCSU23 or α-MEM media for 4 days. Once α-MEM was determined to be the optimal culture medium, secondary follicles were cultured in α-MEM alone or supplemented with FSH (1.5 ng/mL), AMH (50 ng/mL) or the combination of the two hormones. Follicle development was evaluated by measuring follicular growth, morphology and hormone production. There was no difference between the media NCSU23 and α-MEM in terms of follicle survival and growth (P > 0.05). However, at day 2, the antrum formation rate tended to be (P < 0.074) higher in α-MEM than NCSU23. At day 4 of culture, the estradiol and progesterone secretion were higher in α-MEM than NCSU23 (P < 0.01), while the opposite was observed for testosterone (P < 0.01). The addition of AMH and/or FSH did not affect follicular survival and growth. Nevertheless, the secretion of estradiol and progesterone induced by FSH was reduced with AMH (P < 0.01). α-MEM is a more effective base medium than NCSU23 for the in vitro follicular development of pig preantral follicles and AMH reduces the steroid production induced by FSH.

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Smith, Brandon, Ellen G. Kline, Lori Shutter, Joanna Fong-Isariyawongse, Alexandra Urban, Holt Murray, Karin Byers, and Ryan K. Shields. "1100. A Prospective Evaluation of Neurotoxicity Among Patients Receiving Dose-Optimized Cefepime or Meropenem With Concomitant Therapeutic Drug Monitoring." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S641—S642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1294.

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Abstract Background Cefepime (FEP) induced neurotoxicity (NT) may have serious implications for patients (pts). Retrospective studies have employed variable definitions of NT, finding renal impairment and FEP trough concentrations (Cmin) > 20 mg/L as risk factors. Prospective studies comparing antibiotics have not been performed. Methods We conducted a prospective study of pts receiving FEP or meropenem (MEM) with neurologic evaluation and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). A NT advisory board (NTAB) was established to develop standardized definitions of possible, probable and definitive NT (Fig 1). Cases of potential NT were adjudicated by the NTAB who were blinded to study treatment. FEP and MEM midpoint and Cmin concentrations were measured at steady-state by validated methods. Results 127 patients were included (70 FEP, 57 MEM). Demographics and treatment characteristics were similar between groups (Fig 2); 63% were in the ICU. FEP and MEM Cmin varied from 1.9 – 140.5 and 0.6 – 31.3 mg/L, respectively. Median FEP Cmin and total exposures (AUC) were 23.1 mg/L and 347.6 hr*mg/L, respectively. Corresponding MEM values were 5.9 mg/L and 124.8 hr*mg/L, respectively. Cmin values were inversely correlated with renal function for both FEP and MEM (P< 0.001). Rates of possible, probable, or definitive NT were 10% and 5% for FEP and MEM, respectively (P=0.51; Fig 3). 16% and 3% of pts with FEP Cmin > or < 20 mg/L had NT, respectively (P=0.11; Fig 4). Median MEM Cmin were 12.3 and 5.4 mg/L among pts with and without NT, respectively (P=0.09; Fig 4). Rates of NT did not vary by infusion length or dose. FEP and MEM exposures were similar between patients with (17%) or without (83%) microbiologic recurrence due to the same pathogen. FEP was discontinued in 4 pts due to NT; no pts stopped MEM due to NT. Conclusion Our study is the first to evaluate FEP NT prospectively and compare rates of NT to pts receiving MEM. We established criteria that were applied by a blinded NTAB. In doing so we found rates of NT to be lower than previously reported and not statistically different between FEP and MEM. Cmin values were highly variable and associated with numerically, but not statistically higher rates of NT for both agents. These findings serve as the basis for larger, multicenter studies and justify use of routine TDM to limit NT among high-risk pts. Disclosures Brandon Smith, MD, PharmD, Shionogi (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member) Alexandra Urban, MD, Neuropace (Consultant) Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Shionogi (Consultant, Research Grant or Support)

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Tatchev, Dragomir, and Rainer Kranold. "Maximum-entropy method as a routine tool for determination of particle size distributions by small-angle scattering." Journal of Applied Crystallography 37, no. 1 (January 17, 2004): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889803023069.

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Several aspects of the application of the maximum-entropy method (MEM) to the determination of particle size distributions by small-angle scattering (SAS) are discussed. The `historic' version of the MEM produces completely satisfying results. Limiting the data error from below (i.e.imposing a minimal relative error) is proposed as a solution of some convergence problems. The MEM is tested against the Fourier transform technique. The size distribution of Pb particles in an Al–Pb alloy is determined by the MEM and the Fourier transform technique. The size distributions obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SAXS show partial agreement.

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Gupta, P. S. P., H. S. Ramesh, B. M. Manjunatha, S. Nandi, and J. P. Ravindra. "Production of buffalo embryos using oocytes from in vitro grown preantral follicles." Zygote 16, no. 1 (February 2008): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096719940700442x.

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SummaryThe present study examines the use of buffalo preantral follicles as a source of oocytes for in vitro embryo production. Preantral follicles were isolated from abattoir-derived buffalo ovaries and were grown for 100 days in five different culture systems: (1) minimum essential medium (MEM); (2) coconut water; (3) MEM + ovarian mesenchymal cell (OMC) co-culture; (4) MEM + granulosa cell (GC) co-culture; or (5) MEM + cumulus cell (CC) co-culture. Low growth rates for the preantral follicles were observed when follicles were cultured in MEM or coconut water medium. Moderate growth rates were seen for OMC and GC co-cultures, and high rates of growth were observed when follicles were grown in CC co-culture. The survival of preantral follicles was low in the MEM culture (<25%), but was over 75% in the other culture systems. Oocytes were not recovered from the MEM group, while an oocyte recovery rate of 80–100% was observed when the follicles were cultured with coconut water/somatic cells. Transferable embryos could be produced only with the oocytes obtained from preantral follicles grown in the OMC and CC co-culture systems. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that it is possible to produce buffalo embryos by in vitro fertilization of oocytes derived from in vitro grown preantral follicles.

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Pietak, Alexis, and Michael Levin. "Bioelectric gene and reaction networks: computational modelling of genetic, biochemical and bioelectrical dynamics in pattern regulation." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 134 (September 2017): 20170425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0425.

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Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) describe interactions between gene products and transcription factors that control gene expression. In combination with reaction–diffusion models, GRNs have enhanced comprehension of biological pattern formation. However, although it is well known that biological systems exploit an interplay of genetic and physical mechanisms, instructive factors such as transmembrane potential ( V mem ) have not been integrated into full GRN models. Here we extend regulatory networks to include bioelectric signalling, developing a novel synthesis: the bioelectricity-integrated gene and reaction (BIGR) network. Using in silico simulations, we highlight the capacity for V mem to alter steady-state concentrations of key signalling molecules inside and out of cells. We characterize fundamental feedbacks where V mem both controls, and is in turn regulated by, biochemical signals and thereby demonstrate V mem homeostatic control, V mem memory and V mem controlled state switching. BIGR networks demonstrating hysteresis are identified as a mechanisms through which more complex patterns of stable V mem spots and stripes, along with correlated concentration patterns, can spontaneously emerge. As further proof of principle, we present and analyse a BIGR network model that mechanistically explains key aspects of the remarkable regenerative powers of creatures such as planarian flatworms. The functional properties of BIGR networks generate the first testable, quantitative hypotheses for biophysical mechanisms underlying the stability and adaptive regulation of anatomical bioelectric pattern.

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Leezenberg, Michiel. "Language, Kingship, and Nation: The Ambiguous Politics of Ehmedê Xanî's Mem û Zîn." Kurdish Studies 7, no. 1 (June 2, 2019): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v7i1.487.

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In this article, I argue that discussions of whether any Kurdish nationalism may be found in Xanî’s Mem û Zîn proceed from rather anachronistic assumptions. Through an exploration of the language ideology found in this work, I demonstrate that the work’s mystical meaning interacts in rather complex ways with its political views. In particular, the king or prince plays a crucial, if ambiguous, political, linguistic, and eschatological role in the poem. Thus, Mem û Zîn may be read as a specimen of vernacularisation rather than romantic nationalism.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJINetewe, Padişahî, û Ziman: Siyaseta xumam di Mem û Zîna Ehmedê Xanî deDi vê gotarê de, îddiaya min ew e ku nîqaşa li ser pirsa hebûna netewegeriya kurdî di Mem û Zîna Xanî de ji pêşferzên pir anakronîstîk têne pêş. Bi rêya veçirandina îdeolojiya zimanî ya di vê berhemê de, ez nîşan didim ku wateya sofîgerane ya berhemê bi çendîn awayan di bîr û boçûnên siyasî de rengê xwe vedibîne. Bi taybetî, padişah an jî mîr roleke -herçend xumam jî be- bingehîn a siyasî, zimanî, û axretî digêre di berhemê de. Wisa jî, Mem û Zîn dibe wek nimûneyeke edebî ya bikaranîn û berbelavkirina zimanê xwemalî (vernacularisation) bê dîtin, ne ya netewegeriyeke romantîk.ABSTRACT IN SORANINetewe, paşayetî û ziman: Siyasetî narrûnî Mem û Zînekey Eḧmedî XanîLem babeteda, min argumêntî ewe dekem ke giftugoy ewey ke aya hîç core nasyûnalîzmêkî kurdî lenaw Mem û Zînî Xanîda heye le grîmaney enekronîstî (mufareqey zemenîyewe) serçawe degrêt. Le miyaney kinekirdinî aydiyolojyay zimanî naw ew berhemey Xanî, min ewe pîşan dedem ke manay mîtolojyayî berhemeke be şêwazêkî alloz karlêk legell cîhanbînîye siyasîyekeyda deken. Betaybetî, padşa yan mîr, eger be narrûnîş bêt, rollêkî serekîy siyasî, zimanewanî we axîretî (îsketolojî) le şî'rekanî da debînêt. Bemcore, Mem û Zîn dekrêt wek nimûney 'ewamgerayîy zimanî (vernacularisation) nek wek nasyûnalîzmî romansî bibînrêt.ABSTRACT IN ZAZAKINetewe, Mîreyîye û Ziwan: Polîtîkayê zafmanîdarî yê Mem û Zîna Ehmedê XanîNa meqale de ez îdîa kena ke munaqeşeyê “Tirêm eserê Xanî Mem û Zîne de rêçê neteweperwerîye yenê dîyene yan ney?” hîna zaf hîpotezanê anakronîkan ra yenê pêra. Pê kefşkerdişê îdeolojîya ziwanî ya nê eserî, ez nîşan dana ke manaya eserî ya mîstîke hîna zaf bi hewayêko kompleks tesîr kena fikranê ey ê sîyasîyan ser o. Bitaybetî qiral yan kî mîre şîîre de rolêko sîyasîyo ziwannaskîyo eskatolojîko muhîm la nedîyar kay keno. Coka merdim şeno Mem û Zîne sey neteweperwerîya romantîke ney, la hîna zaf sey nimûneyê pêroyîkerdişê ziwanî biwano

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Wunderink, Richard G., Richard G. Wunderink, Yuko Matsunaga, Mari Ari, Mari Ariyasu, Roger Echols, Roger Echols, Anju Menon, Tsutae Den Nagata, and Tsutae Den Nagata. "LB4. Efficacy and Safety of Cefiderocol vs. High-Dose Meropenem in Patients with Nosocomial Pneumonia—Results of a Phase 3, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz415.2487.

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Abstract Background Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a novel siderophore cephalosporin with activity against a broad range of Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, Day 14 all-cause mortality (ACM) rates were compared between CFDC and meropenem (MEM) in patients with nosocomial Gram-negative pneumonia. Methods The study (NCT03032380) was a Phase 3, international, double-blind, randomized, non-inferiority study in hospitalized patients with ventilator-associated, hospital-acquired, or healthcare-associated pneumonia caused by suspected Gram-negative bacteria. Patients were treated with CFDC (2 g, q8h) or MEM (2 g, q8h), both infused for 3 hours, for 7–14 days. Adjunctive linezolid (600 mg, q12h, ≥5 days) was given in both arms to cover Gram-positive bacteria. The primary endpoint was non-inferiority of CFDC to MEM for Day 14 ACM rate in the modified intent-to-treat population (mITT; non-inferiority margin: –12.5%). Key secondary endpoints were clinical and microbiological outcomes at test of cure (TOC), and Day 28 mortality. Safety was investigated up to 28 days after the end of treatment. Results In the ITT population, 148 patients were randomized to CFDC and 150 to MEM: 59.7% were ventilated, 32.6% had failure of prior therapy, the median APACHE II score was 15, and 6.0% had concomitant Gram-negative bacteremia at baseline. In the mITT population, non-inferiority of CFDC to MEM for Day 14 ACM was demonstrated; CFDC: 12.4% (18 out of 145 patients) vs. MEM: 11.6% (17 out of 146 patients); treatment difference: 0.8; 95% confidence interval: –6.6; 8.2. Comparable Day 28 ACM (CFDC: 21.0% vs. MEM: 20.5%), clinical cure (CFDC: 64.8% vs. MEM: 66.7%), and microbiological eradication (CFDC: 47.6% vs. MEM: 48.0%) rates were demonstrated in the mITT population at TOC. Clinical cure rates for major target pathogens at TOC were similar between CFDC and MEM arms (figure). The rates of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), drug-related TEAEs, serious AEs, discontinuation due to TEAEs, and deaths were similar between treatment arms (table). Conclusion This study demonstrated the non-inferiority of CFDC to high-dose MEM for the pre-specified endpoint of Day 14 ACM. No unexpected safety signals were observed in the study. Disclosures Richard G. Wunderink, MD, Merck (Consultant, Grant/Research Support), Shionogi Inc. (Consultant), Yuko Matsunaga, MD, Shionogi Inc. (Employee), Mari Ariyasu, BPharm, Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Employee), Roger Echols, MD, Shionogi Inc. (Consultant), Anju Menon, PhD, Shionogi Inc. (Employee), Tsutae Den Nagata, MD, Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Employee).

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Patel, Twisha S., Keith S. Kaye, Jay Krishnan, Vince Marshall, John Mills, Owen Albin, Carol Young, Aaron Smith, Paul Lephart, and Jason M. Pogue. "521. Comparative In Vitro Activity of Meropenem/Vaborbactam and Meropenem Against a Collection of Real-World Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.590.

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Abstract Background Meropenem/vaborbactam (MV) is a carbapenem and boronic acid–based β-lactamase inhibitor combination product with potent in vitro activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. As carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) is primarily driven by porin mutations, efflux pumps, or infrequently by metallo-β-lactamases, vaborbactam is not expected to improve the in vitro activity of meropenem (MEM) against this pathogen. However, limited data currently exists assessing the comparative in vitro activity of MEM and MV. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro activity of MV and MEM against a large real-world sample of clinical isolates of PSA where both MV and MEM are routinely tested on all isolates. Methods All cultures from patient infections with PSA from May 2018 to February 2019 at Michigan Medicine were included. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using TREK broth microdilution panels and isolates were considered susceptible to MV if the MIC was ≤4 mg/L and MEM if the MIC was ≤2 mg/L. Results A total of 2,967 isolates of PSA from clinical specimens were included. 80.5% of isolates were susceptible to MEM (MIC50 ≤1 mg/L and MIC90 8 mg/L, range ≤1 to >32 mg/L) at a breakpoint of ≤2 mg/L and 86.3% at a breakpoint of ≤4 mg/L; whereas 90.8% of isolates were susceptible to MV (MIC50 ≤1 mg/L and MIC90 4 mg/L, range ≤1 to >8 mg/L). Of those displaying MEM MIC >2 mg/L, 53% (n = 308) were susceptible to MV. Of those displaying MEM MIC >4 mg/L, 33.7% (n = 137) were susceptible to MV. Although the majority of MIC discordances in MEM-R/MV-S isolates were 1–2 doubling dilutions, 52 (38%) isolates had their meropenem MIC decreased ≥3 doubling dilutions by the addition of vaborbactam suggesting significant inhibitory activity (Table 1). Conclusion We found a surprising number of PSA isolates with discordant MV and MEM susceptibility at Michigan Medicine. Further exploration of mechanisms of meropenem resistance in these isolates is warranted. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Chacon-Cruz, Enrique, and Erika Zoe Lopatynsky-Reyes. "Association between Meningococcal Meningitis and Santa Ana Winds in Children and Adolescents from Tijuana, Mexico: A Need for Vaccination." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 3 (February 23, 2023): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8030136.

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Background: Based on previous studies (regional and national), Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico (across the border from San Diego, California, USA), has been shown to have the highest rate of meningococcal meningitis (MeM) in the country. However, the reason for this high incidence has not yet been established. To explain this regional/endemic public health problem, we aimed to evaluate whether there is a climatic association with MeM in the region. In the “African Meningitis Belt,” the Harmattan seasons are associated with MeM outbreaks; similarly, the Santa Ana winds (SAWs) seasons are characterized by hot and dry winds (similar to Harmattan seasons) that occur seasonally in Southwest California, USA, and Northwest Baja California, Mexico. Objectives: We aimed to determine a potential association of SAWs with MeM in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, which in turn may partially explain the high rate of this disease in the region. Methods: Based on our previously published data obtained from thirteen years of active surveillance of MeM and a 65-year review showing the seasonal occurrence of SAWs, we estimated the risk ratio (RR) for the total case numbers of MeM (51 cases of children < 16 years old) vs. bacterial meningitis not caused by Neisseria meningitidis (NMeM, 30 cases, same age group) during seasons with and without SAWs. Results: We found an association between SAWs and MeM, but not with NMeM (RR = 2.06, p = 0.02 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.8), which may partially explain the high endemicity of this deadly disease in this part of the globe. Conclusion: This study shows a new potential climatic association with MeM and provides more information that justifies universal meningococcal vaccination in Tijuana, Mexico.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MEM'

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