Relevant bibliographies by topics / Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs)"

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Giesbrecht, Patrick K., Astrid M. Müller, Carlos G. Read, Steven Holdcroft, Nathan S. Lewis, and Michael S. Freund. "Vapor-fed electrolysis of water using earth-abundant catalysts in Nafion or in bipolar Nafion/poly(benzimidazolium) membranes." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 12 (2019): 3611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00672a.

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Parrondo, Javier, Chitturi Venkateswara Rao, Sundara L. Ghatty, and B. Rambabu. "Electrochemical Performance Measurements of PBI-Based High-Temperature PEMFCs." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/261065.

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Acid-doped poly(2,2′-m-phenylene-5,5′-bibenzimidazole) membranes have been prepared and used to assemble membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with various contents of PBI (1–30 wt.%) in the gas diffusion electrode (GDE). The MEAs were tested in the temperature range of140∘C–200∘C showing that the PBI content in the electrocatalyst layer influences strongly the electrochemical performance of the fuel cell. The MEAs were assembled using polyphosphoric acid doped PBI membranes having conductivities of 0.1 Scm−1at180∘C. The ionic resistance of the cathode decreased from 0.29 to 0.14 Ohm-cm2(180∘C) when the content of PBI is varied from 1 to 10 wt.%. Similarly, the mass transfer resistance or Warburg impedance increased 2.5 times, reaching values of 6 Ohm-cm2. 5 wt.% PBI-based MEA showed the best performance. The electrochemical impedance measurements were in good agreement with the fuel cell polarization curves obtained, and the optimum performance was obtained when overall resistance was minimal.
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Hwang, Sun-Mi, YongMan Choi, Min Gyu Kim, Young-Jun Sohn, Jae Yeong Cheon, Sang Hoon Joo, Sung-Dae Yim, et al. "Enhancement of oxygen reduction reaction activities by Pt nanoclusters decorated on ordered mesoporous porphyrinic carbons." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 16 (2016): 5869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta09915c.

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Fang, Liang, Li Sheng, Xiaoxia Guo, Jianhua Fang, and Zi-Feng Ma. "Fuel Cell Characteristics of the Membrane Electrode Assemblies using Phosphoric Acid-doped Poly[2,2’-(p-oxydiphenylene)-5,5’-bibenzimidazole] Membranes." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 14, no. 3 (April 15, 2011): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v14i3.104.

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The membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) based on phosphoric acid (PA)-doped poly[2,2’-(p-oxydiphenylene)-5,5’-bibenzimidazole] (OPBI) membranes were prepared for the high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, and the moderate molecular weight poly[2,2’-(m-phenylene)-5,5’-bibenzimidazole] (mPBI) with good solubility in aprotic solvents was synthesized and utilized as the binder in catalyst layers for the first time. The hot press and the components in catalyst layers that affected the performances of MEAs were studied. The cell performance evaluation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were carried out at temperatures ranging from 80 to 160 °C in a single cell setup. It was found that the prepared OPBI and the moderate molecular weight mPBI with high solubilities of polybenzimidazole could facilitate and simplify the preparation of MEAs. The novel MEAs using the PA-doped OPBI membranes and moderate molecular weight mPBI exhibited good performances in the polarization tests, constant current tests, and temperature cycle tests, which were comparable with those traditional MEAs using the PA-doped mPBI.
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Büsselmann, Julian, Maren Rastedt, Tomas Klicpera, Karsten Reinwald, Henrike Schmies, Alexander Dyck, and Peter Wagner. "Analysis of HT-PEM MEAs’ Long-Term Stabilities." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030567.

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Despite the great advantages of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells over the low-temperature (LT) PEM alternative, such as enhanced reaction kinetics and higher tolerance against impurities like CO due to the higher operation temperature, the achievement of high lifetimes still remains a challenge. In order to improve the durability of the fuel cell, extensive research has been carried out on alternatives for the individual components. For this reason, this paper conducted extended long-term tests with three three membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) from one manufacturer under different operational scenarios. The MEAs differed mainly by the membranes used and showed significantly different behaviors. While the first MEA reached the end of life already after 2600 h, the second one could pass 9800 h almost without any problems. The third MEA proved resistant to adverse conditions. For all three MEAs, extensive electrochemical characterizations and μ-CT examinations for the analysis of long-term stability are shown.
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Su, Dong Yun, Jun Ma, and Hai Kun Pu. "The Research of Nafion/PTFE/Inorganic Composite Membrane Used in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.927.

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PTFE/Nafion (PN) membranes were fabricated for the application of moderate and high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), respectively. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were fabricated by PTFE/Nafion membranes with commercially available low and high temperature gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs).The influence of [ZrOCl2]/[Nafio wt. ratio of Nafion/ZrOCl2 solution on the membrane morphology of NFZrP and PEMFCs performance was investigated. And the influence of hybridizing silicate into the PN membranes on their direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance and methanol crossover was investigated. Silicate in PN membranes causes reduction both in proton conductivity and methanol crossover of membranes. Due to the low conductivity of PTFE and silicate, PNS had a higher proton resistance than Nafion-112.The effects of introducing sub-μm porous PTFE film and ZrP particles into Nafion membranes on the DMFC performance were investigated. The influence of ZrP hybridizing process into NF membranes on the morphology of NFZrP composite membranes and thus on the DMFC performance was also discussed.
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Sievers, Gustav W., Anders W. Jensen, Volker Brüser, Matthias Arenz, and María Escudero-Escribano. "Sputtered Platinum Thin-films for Oxygen Reduction in Gas Diffusion Electrodes: A Model System for Studies under Realistic Reaction Conditions." Surfaces 2, no. 2 (April 28, 2019): 336–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surfaces2020025.

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The development of catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in low-temperature fuel cells depends on efficient and accurate electrochemical characterization methods. Currently, two primary techniques exist: rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements in half-cells with liquid electrolyte and single cell tests with membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). While the RDE technique allows for rapid catalyst benchmarking, it is limited to electrode potentials far from operating fuel cells. On the other hand, MEAs can provide direct performance data at realistic conditions but require specialized equipment and large quantities of catalyst, making them less ideal for early-stage development. Using sputtered platinum thin-film electrodes, we show that gas diffusion electrode (GDE) half-cells can be used as an intermediate platform for rapid benchmarking at fuel-cell relevant current densities (~1 A cm−2). Furthermore, we demonstrate how different parameters (loading, electrolyte concentration, humidification, and Nafion membrane) influence the performance of unsupported platinum catalysts. The specific activity could be measured independent of the applied loading at potentials down to 0.80 VRHE reaching a value of 0.72 mA cm−2 at 0.9 VRHE in the GDE. By comparison with RDE measurements and Pt/C measurements, we establish the importance of catalyst characterization under realistic reaction conditions.
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Weng, Lien-Chun, Alexis T. Bell, and Adam Z. Weber. "A systematic analysis of Cu-based membrane-electrode assemblies for CO2 reduction through multiphysics simulation." Energy & Environmental Science 13, no. 10 (2020): 3592–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee01604g.

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Toudret, Pierre, Jean-François Blachot, Marie Heitzmann, and Pierre-André Jacques. "Impact of the Cathode Layer Printing Process on the Performance of MEA Integrating PGM Free Catalyst." Catalysts 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060669.

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In this work, platinum group metal (PGM) free-based cathode active layers were prepared using different printing techniques. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) integrate a PGM free catalyst based on Fe, N and C atoms at the cathode side. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of MEA cross sections showed the strong impact of the fabrication process on the cathode structure, the porosity and the ionomer repartition. The MEAs were characterized in a 25 cm2 single cell using cyclic voltammetry under H2/N2. The performance of the MEAs and the double layer capacity of the cathodes were also shown to be linked to the process used. The comparison of the electrochemical accessible surface of the catalyst and of its surface area (SBET) led to the determination of a utilization factor. The coated membrane (CCM) made using the decal transfer process gives the best performances.
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Gatto, I., A. Saccà, A. Carbone, R. Pedicini, and E. Passalacqua. "MEAs for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) Working at Medium Temperature." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (February 8, 2006): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2217959.

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Recently, the CNR-ITAE activity has been addressed to the components development (electrodes and membranes) able to work in medium temperature PEFCs (80-130°C). One of the main problems to work at these temperatures is the proton conductivity loss due to a not full hydration of the membrane. For this reason a study on the modification of perfluorosulphonic membranes (like Nafion) was carried out by introducing different percentages of inorganic oxides (like SiO2, ZrO2) in the polymer matrix. These compounds have the function to improve the properties of the materials at high temperature due to their characteristics of softly proton conductor and/or hygroscopicity. The membranes were prepared by the Doctor-Blade casting technique that permits a good check of the thickness and a good reproducibility. A commercial ZrO2 was used to prepare the membranes varying the inorganic amount between 3 and 20wt%. The most promising results were obtained at 120°C with a Nafion-recast membrane loaded with a 10wt%ZrO2; a power density value of about 330mW∕cm2 at 0.6V was reached. On the other side, an optimization of the electrode structure was carried out, by introducing the inorganic oxide in the catalyst layer in order to improve the performance in the range of considered temperature. By using a spray technique, thin film electrodes with a Pt loading of 0.5mg∕cm2 in the catalyst layer, low PTFE content in the diffusion layer and a 30% Pt/Vulcan (E-Tek, Inc.) as an electro catalyst were prepared. Different amounts of ZrO2 were introduced in the catalytic layer of the electrodes to increase the working temperature and help the water management of the fuel cell. These electrodes assembled to the modified membrane have shown a better performance at higher cell temperature than standard MEA with a power density of about 330mWcm−2 at 130°C.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs)"

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Fanapi, Nolubabalo Hopelorant. "Durability studies of membrane electrode assemblies for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5416.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) among other fuel cells are considered the best candidate for commercialization of portable and transportation applications because of their high energy conversion and low pollutant emission. Recently, there has been significant interest in high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs), due to certain advantages such as simplified system and better tolerance to CO poisoning. Cost, durability and the reliability are delaying the commercialization of PEM fuel cell technology. Above all durability is the most critical issue and it influences the other two issues. The main objective of this work is to study the durability of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for HT-PEMFC. In this study the investigation of commercial MEAs was done by evaluating their performance through polarization studies on a single cell, including using pure hydrogen and hydrogen containing various concentrations of CO as fuel, and to study the performance of the MEAs at various operating temperatures. The durability of the MEAs was evaluated by carrying out long term studies with a fixed load, temperature cycling and open circuit voltage degradation. Among the parameters studied, significant loss in the performance of the MEAs was noted during temperature cycling. The effect of temperature cycling on the performance of the cell showed that the performance decreases with increasing no. of cycles. This could be due to leaching of acid from the cell or loss of electrochemically active surface area caused by Pt particle size growth. For example at 160°C, a performance loss of 3.5% was obtained after the first cycle, but after the fourth cycle a huge loss of 80.8% was obtained. The in-house MEAs with Pt-based binary catalysts as anodes were studied for CO tolerance, performance and durability. A comparison of polarization curves between commercial and in-house MEAs illustrated that commercial MEA gave better performance, obtaining 0.52 A/cm² at 0.5V and temperature of 160°C, with in-house giving 0.39A/cm² using same parameters as commercial. The CO tolerance of both commercial and in-house MEA was found to be similar. In order to increase the CO tolerance of the in-house MEAs, Pt based binary catalysts were employed as anodesand the performance was investigated In-house MEAs with Pt/C and Pt-based binary catalysts were compared and a better performance was observed for Pt/C than Pt-alloy catalysts with Pt-Co/C showing comparable performance. At 0.5 V the performance obtained was 0.39 A/cm2 for Pt/C, and 0.34A/cm²,0.28A/cm²,0.27A/cm² and 0.16A/cm² were obtained for Pt-Co/C, Pt-Fe/C, Pt-Cu/C and Pt-Ni respectively. When the binary catalysts were tested for CO tolerance, Pt-Co showed no significant loss in performance when hydrogen containing CO was used as anode fuel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed delamination between the electrodes and membrane of the tested and untested MEA's. Membrane thinning was noted and carbon corrosion was observed from the tested micro-porous layer between the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and catalyst layer (CL).
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Flores, Hernández José Roberto. "Optimization of membrane-electrode assemblies for SPE water electrolysis by means of design of experiments /." Stuttgart : Fraunhofer-IRB-Verl, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014175428&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Ecklund-Mitchell, Lars E. "Development of Thin CsHSO4 Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Electrolysis and Fuel Cell Applications." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002627.

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Bonifacio, Rafael Nogueira. "Estudo e desenvolvimento de conjuntos membrana-eletrodos (MEA) para célula a combustível de eletrólito polimérico condutor de prótons (PEMFC) com eletrocatalisadores à base de paládio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-09012014-144413/.

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Sistemas de PEMFC são capazes de gerar energia elétrica com alta eficiência e baixa ou nenhuma emissão de poluentes, porém questões de custo e durabilidade impedem sua ampla comercialização. Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido um MEA com eletrocatalisadores à base de paládio. Foram sintetizados e caracterizados eletrocatalisadores Pd/C, Pt/C e Ligas PdPt/C com diferentes razões entre metais e carbono. Foi realizado um estudo da razão entre ionômero de Nafion e eletrocatalisador para formação de triplas fases reacionais de máximos desempenhos, criado um modelo matemático para transpor esse ajuste para eletrocatalisadores com diferentes razões entre metal e suporte, considerando os aspectos volumétricos da camada catalisadora, e então realizado um estudo da espessura da camada catalisadora. Para as caracterizações foram utilizadas as técnicas de Difração de Raios-X, Microscopias Eletrônicas de Transmissão e de Varredura, Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X, Picnometria a Gás, Porosimetria por Intrusão de Mercúrio, Adsorção de Gás, segundo as equações de BET e BJH, Análise Termo Gravimétrica e feitas as determinações de diâmetros de partículas, de áreas de superfície específica e de parâmetros de rede. Todos os eletrocatalisadores foram usados no preparo de MEAs que foram avaliados em célula unitária de 5 cm2 entre 25 e 100 °C a 1 atm; e a melhor composição foi avaliada também a 3 atm. No estudo dos metais para as reações, visando reduzir a platina aplicada aos eletrodos, sem perdas de desempenho, foram selecionados Pd/C para ânodos e PdPt/C 1:1 para cátodos. A estrutura de MEA desenvolvida utilizou 0,25 mgPt.cm-2 e resultou em densidades de potência de até 550 mW.cm-2 e potências de até 2,2 kWe por grama de platina. A estimativa realizada mostrou que houve uma redução de até 64,5 % nos custos em relação à estrutura de MEA previamente conhecida. Em função da temperatura e pressão de operação foram obtidos valores a partir de R$ 3.540,73 para o preparo de MEAs para cada quilowatt instalado. Com base em estudos recentes, concluiu-se que o custo do MEA desenvolvido é compatível às aplicações estacionárias de PEMFC.
PEMFC systems are capable of generating electricity with high efficiency and low or no emissions, but durability and cost issues prevent its large commercialization. In this work MEA with palladium based catalysts were developed, Pd/C, Pt/C and alloys PdPt/C catalysts with different ratios between metals and carbon were synthesized and characterized. A study of the ratio between catalyst and Nafion Ionomer for formation of high performance triple-phase reaction was carried out, a mathematical model to implement this adjustment to catalysts with different relations between metal and support taking into account the volumetric aspects of the catalyst layer was developed and then a study of the catalyst layer thickness was performed. X-ray diffraction, Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Energy Dispersive, Gas Pycnometry, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry, Gas adsorption according to the BET and BJH equations, and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis techniques were used for characterization and particle size, specific surface areas and lattice parameters determinations were also carried out. All catalysts were used on MEAs preparation and evaluated in 5 cm2 single cell from 25 to 100 °C at 1 atm and the best composition was also evaluated at 3 atm. In the study of metals for reactions, to reduce the platinum applied to the electrodes without performance losses, Pd/C and PdPt/C 1:1 were selected for anodes and cathodes, respectively. The developed MEA structure used 0,25 mgPt.cm-2, showing power densities up to 550 mW.cm-2 and power of 2.2 kWnet per gram of platinum. The estimated costs showed that there was a reduction of up to 64.5 %, compared to the MEA structures previously known. Depending on the temperature and operating pressure, values from US$ 1,475.30 to prepare MEAs for each installed kilowatt were obtained. Taking into account recent studies, it was concluded that the cost of the developed MEA is compatible with PEMFC stationary application.
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Barron, Olivia. "Gas diffusion electrodes for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells membrane electrode assemblies." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4323.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The need for simplified polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFCs) systems, which do not require extensive fuel processing, has led to increased study in the field of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) applications. Although these HT-PEMFCs can operate with less complex systems, they are not without their own challenges; challenges which are introduced due to their higher operation temperature. This study aims to address two of the main challenges associated with HT-PEMFCs; the need for alternative catalyst layer (CL) ionomers and the prevention of excess phosphoric acid (PA) leaching into the CL. The first part of the study involves the evaluation of suitable proton conducting materials for use in the CL of high temperature membrane electrode assemblies (HT-MEAs), with the final part of the study focusing on development of a novel MEA architecture comprising an acid controlling region. The feasibility of the materials in HT-MEAs was evaluated by comparison to standard MEA configurations.
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Liang, Zhenxing. "Preparation of high-durability membrane and electrode assemblies for direct methanol fuel cells /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202008%20LIANG.

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Sengul, Erce. "Preparation And Performance Of Membrane Electrode Assemblies With Nafion And Alternative Polymer Electrolyte Membranes." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608734/index.pdf.

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Hydrogen and oxygen or air polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is one of the most promising electrical energy conversion devices for a sustainable future due to its high efficiency and zero emission. Membrane electrode assembly (MEA), in which electrochemical reactions occur, is stated to be the heart of the fuel cell. The aim of this study was to develop methods for preparation of MEA with alternative polymer electrolyte membranes and compare their performances with the conventional Nafion®
membrane. The alternative membranes were sulphonated polyether-etherketone (SPEEK), composite, blend with sulphonated polyethersulphone (SPES), and polybenzimidazole (PBI). Several powder type MEA preparation techniques were employed by using Nafion®
membrane. These were GDL Spraying, Membrane Spraying, and Decal methods. GDL Spraying and Decal were determined as the most efficient and proper MEA preparation methods. These methods were tried to improve further by changing catalyst loading, introducing pore forming agents, and treating membrane and GDL. The highest performance, which was 0.53 W/cm2, for Nafion®
membrane was obtained at 70 0C cell temperature. In comparison, it was about 0.68 W/cm2 for a commercial MEA at the same temperature. MEA prepared with SPEEK membrane resulted in lower performance. Moreover, it was found that SPEEK membrane was not suitable for high temperature operation. It was stable up to 80 0C under the cell operating conditions. However, with the blend of 10 wt% SPES to SPEEK, the operating temperature was raised up to 90 0C without any membrane deformation. The highest power outputs were 0.29 W/cm2 (at 70 0C) and 0.27 W/cm2 (at 80 0C) for SPEEK and SPEEK-PES blend membrane based MEAs. The highest temperature, which was 150 0C, was attained with PBI based MEA during fuel cell tests.
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Hall, Kwame (Kwame J. ). "An Investigation of Different Methods of Fabricating Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Methanol Fuel Cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54474.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 46).
Methanol fuel cells are electrochemical conversion devices that produce electricity from methanol fuel. The current process of fabricating membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) is tedious and if it is not sufficiently controlled can be very imprecise. The optimization of this process is paramount to the commercialization and mass production of methanol fuel cells. In order to further understanding this process, MEAs were fabricated according to the decal method using different processes to apply the catalyst ink. The performances of fabricated MEAs were evaluated using a potentiostat. Polarization curves and power density curves were produced to compare the performance of the cells and gain insight into the effects of various parameters on fuel cell performance. Finally, based on the difficulties experienced and the lessons learned during the process, recommendations for future experimentation were made.
by Kwame Hall.
S.B.
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Pestrak, Michael Thomas. "The Effect of Catalyst Layer Cracks on the Mechanical Fatigue of Membrane Electrode Assemblies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35447.

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Mechanical fatigue testing has shown that MEAs (membrane electrode assemblies) fail at lower stresses than PEMs (proton exchange membranes) at comparable times under load. The failure of MEAs at lower stresses is influenced by the presence of mud cracks in the catalyst layers acting as stress concentrators. Fatigue testing of MEAs has shown that smaller-scale cracking occurs in the membrane within these mud cracks, leading to leaking during mechanical fatigue testing and the failure of the membrane. In addition, this testing of MEAs has further established that the cyclic pressurization pattern, which affects the viscoelastic behavior of the membranes, has a significant effect on the relative lifetime of the MEA. To investigate this behavior, pressure-loaded blister tests were performed at 90 °C to determine the biaxial fatigue strength of Gore-Primea® Series 57 MEAs. In these volume-controlled tests, the leak rate was measured as a function of fatigue cycles. Failure was defined as occurring when the leak rate exceeded a specified threshold. Post-mortem characterization FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy) was conducted to provide visual documentation of leaking failure sites. To elucidate the viscoelastic behavior of the MEA based on these results, testing was conducted using a DMA to determine the stress relaxation behavior of the membrane. This data was then used in a FEA program (ABAQUS) to determine its effect on the mechanical behavior of the MEAs. A linear damage accumulation model used the ABAQUS results to predict lifetimes of the membrane in the MEAs. The models showed that under volume-controlled loading, the stress decays with time and the stress dropped towards the edges of the blisters. The lifetimes of the MEAs varied depending on the cycling pattern applied. This is important for understanding failure mechanisms of MEAs under fatigue loading, and will help the fuel cell industry in designing membranes that better withstand imposed hygrothermal stresses experienced during typical operating conditions.
Master of Science
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von, Kraemer Sophie. "Membrane Electrode Assemblies Based on Hydrocarbon Ionomers and New Catalyst Supports for PEM Fuel Cells." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad elektrokemi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9208.

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The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a potential electrochemicalpower device for vehicles, auxiliary power units and small-scale power plants. In themembrane electrode assembly (MEA), which is the core of the PEMFC single cell,oxygen in air and hydrogen electrochemically react on separate sides of a membraneand electrical energy is generated. The main challenges of the technology are associatedwith cost and lifetime. To meet these demands, firstly, the component expensesought to be reduced. Secondly, enabling system operation at elevated temperatures,i.e. up to 120 °C, would decrease the complexity of the system and subsequentlyresult in decreased system cost. These aspects and the demand for sufficientlifetime are the strong motives for development of new materials in the field.In this thesis, MEAs based on alternative materials are investigatedwith focus on hydrocarbon proton-conducting polymers, i.e. ionomers, and newcatalyst supports. The materials are evaluated by electrochemical methods, such ascyclic voltammetry, polarisation and impedance measurements; morphological studiesare also undertaken. The choice of ionomers, used in the porous electrodes andmembrane, is crucial in the development of high-performing stable MEAs for dynamicoperating conditions. The MEAs are optimised in terms of electrode compositionand preparation, as these parameters influence the electrode structure andthus the MEA performance. The successfully developed MEAs, based on the hydrocarbonionomer sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU), show promising fuel cell performancein a wide temperature range. Yet, these membranes induce mass-transportlimitations in the electrodes, resulting in deteriorated MEA performance. Further,the structure of the hydrated membranes is examined by nuclear magnetic resonancecryoporometry, revealing a relation between water domain size distributionand mechanical stability of the sPSU membranes. The sPSU electrodes possessproperties similar to those of the Nafion electrode, resulting in high fuel cell performancewhen combined with a high-performing membrane. Also, new catalystsupports are investigated; composite electrodes, in which deposition of platinum(Pt) onto titanium dioxide reduces the direct contact between Pt and carbon, showpromising performance and ex-situ stability. Use of graphitised carbon as catalystsupport improves the electrode stability as revealed by a fuel cell degradation study.The thesis reveals the importance of a precise MEA developmentstrategy, involving a broad methodology for investigating new materials both as integratedMEAs and as separate components. As the MEA components and processesinteract, a holistic approach is required to enable successful design of newMEAs and ultimately development of high-performing low-cost PEMFC systems.
QC 20100922
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Books on the topic "Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs)"

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Pak, Chin-su. Kochʻe alkʻalli yŏllyo chŏnji rŭl wihan ŭmion kyohwanmak mit chŏnʼgŭk-chonhaejil chŏphapchʻe kaebal =: Development of anion-exchange membranes and membrane-electrode assemblies for solid alkaline fuel cells. [Seoul]: Chisik Kyŏngjebu, 2008.

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Pak, Chin-su. Kochʻe alkʻalli yŏllyo chŏnji rŭl wihan ŭmion kyohwanmak mit chŏnʼgŭk-chonhaejil chŏphapchʻe kaebal =: Development of anion-exchange membranes and membrane-electrode assemblies for solid alkaline fuel cells. [Seoul]: Chisik Kyŏngjebu, 2008.

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Co, Business Communications. Membranes and Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Pem Fuel Cells. Business Communications Company, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs)"

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Uchida, Makoto. "Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, Membrane-Electrode Assemblies." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1669–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_201.

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Pinar, F. Javier, Maren Rastedt, Nadine Pilinski, and Peter Wagner. "Characterization of HT-PEM Membrane-Electrode-Assemblies." In High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, 353–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17082-4_17.

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Budevski, Evgeni, Ivan Radev, and Evelina Slavcheva. "Autonomous Test Units For Mini Membrane Electrode Assemblies." In Mini-Micro Fuel Cells, 103–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8295-5_7.

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Budevski, Evgeni, Ivan Radev, and Evelina Slavcheva. "Performance Characteristics of Membrane Electrode Assemblies Using the Easytest Cell." In Mini-Micro Fuel Cells, 133–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8295-5_10.

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Kim, D. S., C. Welch, R. P. Hjelm, Y. S. Kim, and M. D. Guiver. "Polymers in Membrane Electrode Assemblies." In Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 691–720. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53349-4.00287-9.

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Scott, K. "Membrane electrode assemblies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells." In Functional Materials for Sustainable Energy Applications, 279–311. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857096371.3.279.

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Ramasamy, R. P. "FUEL CELLS – PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS | Membrane–Electrode Assemblies." In Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 787–805. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452745-5.00227-6.

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Pak, Chanho, Dae Jong, Kyoung Hwan, and Hyuk Chang. "High Performance Membrane Electrode Assemblies by Optimization of Processes and Supported Catalysts." In Hydrogen Energy - Challenges and Perspectives. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53683.

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Manthiram, A., X. Zhao, and W. Li. "Developments in membranes, catalysts and membrane electrode assemblies for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs)." In Functional Materials for Sustainable Energy Applications, 312–69. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857096371.3.312.

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Petrik, Leslie, Patrick Ndungu, Alexander Nechaev, and Emmanuel Iwuoha. "Challenges in the Assembly of Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Regenerative Fuel Cells using Pt/C, Iridium Black, and IrO2 Catalysts." In New and Future Developments in Catalysis, 191–216. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53880-2.00012-0.

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Conference papers on the topic "Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs)"

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Beck, Joseph R., Daniel F. Walczyk, Casey J. Hoffman, and Steve J. Buelte. "Ultrasonic Bonding of Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Low Temperature PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2012-91308.

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Ultrasonic bonding of low temperature PEM membrane electrode assemblies has shown to cut the cycle time and energy input of manufacturing by over an order of magnitude each as compared to the industry standard of thermal pressing. Ultrasonic bonding uses high-frequency mechanical oscillations to convert electrical energy into heat energy which bonds the membrane electrode assembly components. This reduction in manufacturing resource requirement and time helps make fuel cell energy more economical as an alternative electrical power source. This paper will discuss ultrasonic and thermal bonding for low temperature Nafion fuel cells with 10 cm2 active area including process optimization and the effects of electrode type and membrane conditioning on ultrasonically bonded MEA performance. A design set of experiments was created for both ultrasonic bonding and thermal pressing process optimization using commercially available electrodes and conditioned Nafion 115 membrane. Analysis of Variance suggests that neither energy nor pressure have a statistically significant effect on the performance on ultrasonically bonded MEAs. For thermally pressed MEAs, temperature was found to have a significant effect on performance while pressure was not. Neither manufacturing technique found interaction effects to be statistically significant. Three different electrode compositions were tested on both ultrasonic and thermal MEA bonding methods. Electrodes investigated include two that were custom made in-house with catalyst loadings of 0.16 and 0.33 mg Pt/cm2, and one commercial electrode with 0.5 mg Pt/cm2. The lower loaded custom electrode had greater performance than the commercial electrode, which had higher platinum loading, indicating electrode architecture is an important factor in the performance of ultrasonically bonded MEAs. Membrane electrode assemblies made using Nafion membranes that were pretreated with a conditioning process showed decreased performance compared to MEAs ultrasonically bonded from dry, unconditioned membrane in short-term testing. MEAs thermally pressed with the custom made electrodes performed better with conditioned membranes while the commercial electrodes showed decreased performance with conditioning. Current electrodes have been optimized for thermal pressing as demonstrated by the two commercial electrodes having the largest performance decreases between thermally and ultrasonically manufactured MEAs. Future work includes intelligently designing an electrode for optimizing the ultrasonic bonding process for low temperature fuel cells to increase the performance of this manufacturing technique.
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Share, Dylan, Lakshmi Krishnan, David Lesperence, Daniel Walczyk, and Raymond Puffer. "Cold Pressing of Membrane Electrode Assemblies for High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33230.

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With the current economic and environmental situation, the development of affordable and clean energy sources is receiving much attention. One leading area of promise is PEM fuel cells. Presently, manufacture of high temperature Polybenzimidizole (PBI) based PEM Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) is usually performed by sealing in a thermal press. A typical sealing process requires heated tooling to press electrode-subgasket assemblies into a sol-gel PBI membrane. MEAs designed for transportation purposes have a large active area that requires expensive heated tooling, which in turn requires significant power to operate. A previous Design of Experiments (DoE) and analysis revealed that sealing temperature is a statistically insignificant sealing parameter with respect to MEA performance. To further investigate the effects of sealing temperature on MEA performance in hopes of reducing manufacturing costs, an additional DoE was performed in which MEAs were manufactured with the tooling at room temperature. This paper examines the effect of thermal sealing process parameters, namely: (1) sealing temperature; (2) percent compression, and; (3) seal time on the fuel cell performance. MEAs were manufactured using three different thickness membranes with these input process parameters. Polarization behavior during single cell operation, internal cell resistance and catalyst utilization were analyzed as performance parameters. This data is compared to MEAs made with traditional heated tooling. The analysis reveals the insignificance of sealing temperature on the initial performance of the MEA.
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Tse, Laam Angela, and David W. Rosen. "3D Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81843.

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Passive Micro-Direct Methanol fuel cells (micro-DMFCs) can be the power supply solution for the next generation of handheld devices if high volumetric power densities can be achieved. One approach to improve the volumetric power density of passive DMFC designs is to increase the reactive area without a corresponding increase in overall volume by patterning MEAs with corrugated 3-D geometries. In this paper, geometric analysis is presented that demonstrates significant active area gain in fuel cell MEAs patterned with high aspect ratio corrugations. A thermoforming process was used to pattern MEAs with 3-D corrugated geometries using aluminum molds. In order to perform functional tests on 3D corrugated MEAs, the fuel and oxidant reservoirs have been redesigned to accommodate the special packaging requirements of the 3D MEAs. Electrodes were modified to serve as the current collectors and also provided backing layers for catalyst. The simplified design avoids the large clamping force and high strength requirements of the endplate material in order to minimize the electrical contact resistance between the electrodes and the current collectors. Finally, the potential power density gain from the 3D MEAs is illustrated.
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Guglielmo, Dave C., Todd T. B. Snelson, and Daniel F. Walczyk. "Modeling Ultrasonic Sealing of Membrane Electrode Assemblies for High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54427.

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Ultrasonic bonding, with its extremely fast cycle times and energy efficiency, is being investigated as an important manufacturing technology for future mass production of fuel cells. The objectives of the authors’ research are to (1) create a multi-physics simulation model that predicts through-thickness energy distribution and temperature gradients during ultrasonic sealing of polybenzimidazole (PBI) based Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) for High Temperature PEM fuel cells, and (2) correlate the model with experimentally measured internal interface (e.g., membrane/catalyst layer) temperatures. The multi-physics model incorporates the electrode and membrane material properties (stiffness and damping) in conjunction with the ultrasonic process parameters including pressure, energy flux and vibration amplitude. Overall, the processing of MEAs with ultrasonic bonding rather than a hydraulic thermal press results in MEAs that meet or exceed required performance specifications, and potentially reduces the manufacturing time from minutes to seconds.
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Rajalakshmi, N., R. Rajini, and K. S. Dhathathreyan. "High Performance Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Electrodes." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2484.

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Several methods are being attempted to improve the performance of PEM Fuel cell electrodes so that the cost of the overall system can be brought down. The performance can be improved if the utilization of the catalyst in the electrode increases. One of the early successful method was to add a proton conducting polymer, such as NafionR to the catalyst layer. However there is a limit to the amount of NafionR that can be added as too much NafionR affect the gas diffusion. The other method is to increase the surface area of the catalyst used which has also been adequately demonstrated. Alternative methods for providing increased proton conductivity and catalyst utilization are thus of great interest, and a number of them have been investigated in the literature. One method that is being extensively investigated is to introduce the catalyst onto the polymer electrolyte membrane followed by lamination with gas diffusion electrode. In the present work, we have carried out two methods i) screen print the catalyst ink on the NafionR membrane ii) catalyze the NafionR membranes by reducing a suitable platinum salt on the membrane. Standard gas diffusion electrodes were then laminated onto this membrane. The performances of Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) prepared by these routes have been compared with the commercially available Gore catalysed membrane. It was observed that catalysed NafionR membranes show a better performance compared to the catalyst ink screen printed on the NafionR membrane and commercial Gore membrane under identical operating conditions. However MEAs with Gore membrane give a better performance in the iR region compared to the other MEAs prepared using NafionR membrane. The lesser performance with Gore membrane is probably due to the limitations in the lamination method employed.
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Kobayashi, T., E. Hirai, H. Itoh, and T. Moriga. "Development of Production Technology for Membrane-Electrode Assemblies With Radical Capturing Layer." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54308.

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This paper describes the development of mass-production technology for membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA) with a radical capturing layer and verifies its performance. Some of the authors of this paper previously developed an MEA with a radical capturing layer along the boundaries between the electrode catalyst layer and the polymer membrane to realize an endurance time of 20,000 h in accelerated daily start and daily stop (DSS) deterioration tests. Commercialization of these MEAs requires a production technology that suits mass production lines and provides reasonable cost performance. After developing a water-based slurry and selecting a gas diffusion layer (GDL), a catalyst layer forming technology uses a rotary screen method for electrode formation. Studies confirmed continuous formation of the catalyst layer, obtaining an anode/cathode thickness of 55 μm (+10/−20)/50 μm (+10/−20) by optimizing the opening ratio and thickness of the screen plate. A layer-forming technology developed for the radical capturing layer uses a two-fluid spraying method. Continuous formation of an 8-μm-thick (±3 μm) radical capturing layer proved feasible by determining the appropriate slurry viscosity, spray head selection, and optimization of spraying conditions.
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Pyzza, Jake M., William M. Sisson, and Raymond Puffer. "Manufacturing Implementation of Ultrasonic Sealing of Membrane Electrode Assemblies for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54441.

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Early research has demonstrated the benefits of ultrasonically bonding PEM fuel cell Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs), in terms of durability [2] and unit cost and cycle time [3]. With these improvements in performance, the next phase in the development of the process is to move from a laboratory setup to an automated production cell capable of producing larger volumes of fuel cells while maintaining a quality ultrasonic bond. The MEAs also need to be produced more affordably and with quality standards meeting or exceeding the level set by current best manufacturing practices.
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Krewer, Ulrike, Junyoung Park, Jinhwa Lee, and Hyejung Cho. "Storage of DMFC MEA at Extreme Temperatures." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65018.

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This paper investigates the change in performance of DMFC membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) after storage at −10°C and 60°C under different experimental conditions. It highlights the importance of methanol concentration, an MEA’s material properties such as membrane material and catalyst loading, as well as the reactivation procedure. Storage at 60°C and concentrations below 1M methanol had no negative effect on MEA performance while storage at 60°C in a 4 M methanol solution could cause a severe performance decrease. Application of a reverse current for 10 s to a MEA which was affected by such storage was found to reinstall original performance. The effect of storage at −10°C on MEA performance strongly depends on MEA properties. MEAs are grouped into three different categories with regard to suitability for low temperature storage: not affected, reversibly affected, and irreversibly affected. The reversibly affected MEAs could be instantly and completely reactivated by reverse current. MEA materials such as various hydrocarbon membranes and high catalyst loadings as well as the manufacturing methods CCM (catalyst coated on the membrane) and CCS (catalyst coated on the substrate) were found to be principally suitable to build MEAs tolerant to storage at −10° C.
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Stanic, Vesna, James Braun, and Mark Hoberecht. "Durability of Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) in PEM Fuel Cells Operated on Pure Hydrogen and Oxygen." In 1st International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5965.

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Okafor, A. Chukwujekwu, and Hector-Martins Mogbo. "Effects of Gas Flow Rate and Catalyst Loading on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Performance and Degradation." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33308.

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In this paper, the effects of gas flow rates, and catalyst loading on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance was investigated using a 50cm2 active area fuel cell fixture with serpentine flow field channels machined into poco graphite blocks. Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) with catalyst and gas flow rates at two levels each (0.5mg/cm2, 1mg/cm2; 0.3L/min, 0.5L/min respectively) were tested at 60°C without humidification. The cell performance was analyzed by taking AC Impedance, TAFEL plot, open circuit voltage, and area specific resistance measurements. It was observed that MEAs with lower gas flow rate had lesser cell resistance compared to MEAs with a higher gas flow rate. TAFEL plot shows the highest exchange current density value of −2.05 mAcm2 for MEA with 0.5mg/cm2 catalyst loading operated at reactant gas flow rate of 0.3L/min signifying it had the least activation loss and fastest reaction rate. Open circuit voltage curve shows a higher output voltage and lesser voltage decay rate for MEAs tested at higher gas flow rates.
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Reports on the topic "Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs)"

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Fischer, A., and H. Wendt. Electrode porosity and effective electrocatalyst activity in electrode-membrane-assemblies (MEAs) of PEMFCs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460297.

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Xu, Hui. Advanced Catalysts and Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) for Reversible Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells. Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1507088.

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Perry, Randal L. Analysis of the Durability of PEM FC Membrane Electrode Assemblies in Automotive Applications through the Fundamental Understanding of Membrane and MEA Degradation Pathways. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1098093.

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Busby, Colin. Manufacturing of Low Cost, Durable Membrane Electrode Assemblies Engineered for Rapid Conditioning. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1357945.

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DeCastro, Emory S., Yu-Min Tsou, and Zhenyu Liu. High Speed, Low Cost Fabrication of Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Membrane Electrode Assemblies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1093566.

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Steinbach, Andrew. Final Report - High Performance, Durable, Low Cost Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Transportation Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1360747.

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Ayers, Katherine, Christopher Capuano, Plamen Atanassov, Sanjeev Mukerjee, and Michael Hickner. High Performance Platinum Group Metal Free Membrane Electrode Assemblies through Control of Interfacial Processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1410560.

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Vogel, John A. Development of Polybenzimidazole-Based High-Temperature Membrane and Electrode Assemblies for Stationary and Automotive Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/936594.

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