Relevant bibliographies by topics / Membrane Nafion

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Membrane Nafion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Membrane Nafion"

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Su, Dong Yun, Jun Ma, and Hai Kun Pu. "The Research of Nafion/PTFE/Inorganic Composite Membrane Used in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.927.

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PTFE/Nafion (PN) membranes were fabricated for the application of moderate and high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), respectively. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were fabricated by PTFE/Nafion membranes with commercially available low and high temperature gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs).The influence of [ZrOCl2]/[Nafio wt. ratio of Nafion/ZrOCl2 solution on the membrane morphology of NFZrP and PEMFCs performance was investigated. And the influence of hybridizing silicate into the PN membranes on their direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance and methanol crossover was investigated. Silicate in PN membranes causes reduction both in proton conductivity and methanol crossover of membranes. Due to the low conductivity of PTFE and silicate, PNS had a higher proton resistance than Nafion-112.The effects of introducing sub-μm porous PTFE film and ZrP particles into Nafion membranes on the DMFC performance were investigated. The influence of ZrP hybridizing process into NF membranes on the morphology of NFZrP composite membranes and thus on the DMFC performance was also discussed.
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Kim, Young Ho, Hyun Kyu Lee, Youn Jin Park, Yoon Ji Lee, A. I. Gopalan, Kwang Pill Lee, and Sang June Choi. "Preparation of a Styrenesulfonate Grafted MWCNT/Nafion® Nanocomposite Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3685.

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Styrenesulfonate grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ss-MWCNTs) were prepared by a simple chemical reaction with soduim 4-styrenesulfonate to reinforce Nafion® membranes for use in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Although Nafion® membranes have excellent proton conductivity for fuel cell applications, methanol crossover through the Nafion® membrane remains a serious problem for DMFC applications. The prepared ss-MWCNTs had approximately 3.30 wt.% of sulfure and showed styrenesulfonate groups on the ss-MWCNTs. Then, the Nafion® membranes were reinforced with ss-MWCNTs to reduce methanol crossover. The styrenesulfonate groups on the ss-MWCNTs contained sulfonate end groups that enhanced miscibility of MWCNTs in the Nafion® membrance because of affinity of the same sulfonate groups in the ss-MWCNTs and the Nafion® membrane. Further, the phenyl structure of the styrenesulfonate groups on the ss-MWCNTs enhanced thermal stability at high temperature. The Nafion® membranes were reinforced with ss-MWCNTs (1 wt.%) using a solution casting with a certain amount of water and sodium 4-styrenesulfonate. Well-dispersed 1 wt.% ss-MWCNT reinforced Nafion® membranes were prepared, and the water and methanol uptake were investigated for DMFC applications. The methanol uptake value (36.84) of the 1 wt.% ss-MWCNT reinforced Nafion® membranes was reduced compared to that of the cast Nafion® membrane (38.85).
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Nah, C., S. K. Kwak, N. Kim, M. Y. Lyu, B. S. Hwang, B. Akle, and D. J. Leo. "Ionic Liquid Nafion Nanofiber Mats Composites for High Speed Ionic Polymer Actuators." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 1001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.1001.

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A new attempt is made for application of the NafionTM nanofiber mat prepared by the electrospinning process to solve the main disadvantage of slow response speed of ionomer-ionic liquid transducers. The measured conductivities of water hydrated Nafion electro-spun fibers are 16.8 mS/cm, which are lower than the nominal 110 mS/cm that of H+ Nafion membranes. The uptake is measured to be around 250 wt % compared to 58 wt % obtained in Nafion films. The ionic conductivity of 110 wt % swollen ionic liquids-Nafion mat composite is computed to be 0.9 mS/cm compared to 0.3 mS/cm in ionic liquid-Nafion membrane composite. The speed of response in actuators with an ionic liquid- NafionTM mat is 1.34 %/s compared to 0.88 %/s for that in ionic liquid NafionTM film transducers.
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Haryadi, Y. B. Gunawan, S. P. Mursid, and D. Haryogi. "Characterization of Nafion/Silica Hybrid Composite Membranes for Redox Flow Battery (RFB) Applications." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.45.

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Nafion/Silica hybrid membranes were preparedvia in situsolgel method for redox flow battery (RFB) system. In this work, a novel Nafion/organically modified silicate hybrids nanocomposite membrane was preparedvia in situsolgel reactions for mixtures of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and trimethoxyprohanthiol (TMSP). The primary properties of Nafion/Silica hybrids membrane were measured and compared with Nafion and Nafion/SiO2hybrid membranes. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) analysis of the hybrids membranes reveal that the silica and organic modified silica phase is well formed within hybrids membrane. The XRD results indicate thatthe Nafionhybrid membranes are not influenced by SiO2nanoparticles.Nafion/Silica hybrid membrane shows nearly the same ion exchange capacity (IEC) and slightly greater of proton conductivity as pristine Nafion-117 membrane. The water uptake for Nafion/Organosilica hybrids membrane shows greatly reduced than a pristine Nafion 117, suggesting of low water cross over that is mostly faced in the RFB applications.
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Safronova, Ekaterina Yu, Daria Yu Voropaeva, Anna A. Lysova, Oleg V. Korchagin, Vera A. Bogdanovskaya, and Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev. "On the Properties of Nafion Membranes Recast from Dispersion in N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone." Polymers 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 5275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235275.

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Perfluorosulfonic acid Nafion membranes are widely used as an electrolyte in electrolysis processes and in fuel cells. Changing the preparation and pretreatment conditions of Nafion membranes allows for the optimization of their properties. In this work, a Nafion-NMP membrane with a higher conductivity than the commercial Nafion® 212 membrane (11.5 and 8.7 mS∙cm−1 in contact with water at t = 30 °C) and a comparable hydrogen permeability was obtained by casting from a Nafion dispersion in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Since the ion-exchange capacity and the water uptake of these membranes are similar, it can be assumed that the increase in conductivity is the result of optimizing the Nafion-NMP microstructure by improving the connectivity of the pores and channels system. This leads to a 27% increase in the capacity of the membrane electrode assembly with the Nafion-NMP membrane compared to the Nafion® 212 membrane. Thus, the method of obtaining a Nafion membrane has a great influence on its properties and performance of fuel cells based on them.
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Romero, V., M. V. Martínez de Yuso, A. Arango, E. Rodríguez-Castellón, and J. Benavente. "Modification of Nafion Membranes by IL-Cation Exchange: Chemical Surface, Electrical and Interfacial Study." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/349435.

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Bulk and surface changes in two proton-exchange membranes (Nafion-112 and Nafion-117) as a result of the incorporation of the IL-cationn-dodecyltriethylammonium (or DTA+) by a proton/cation exchange mechanism after immersion in a DTA+aqueous solution were analysed by impedance spectroscopy (IS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements performed with dry samples of the original Nafion and Nafion-DTA+-modified membranes. Only slight differences were obtained in the incorporation degree and surface chemical nature depending on the membrane thickness, and DTA+incorporation modified both the hydrophobic character of the original Nafion membranes and their thermal stability. Electrical characterization of the dry Nafion-112 membrane was performed by impedance spectroscopy while different HCl solutions were used for membrane potential measurements. A study of time evolution of the impedance curves measured in the system “IL aqueous solution/Nafion-112 membrane/IL aqueous solution” was also performed. This study allows us monitoring the electrical changes associated to the IL-cation incorporation in both the membrane and the membrane/IL solution interface, and it provides supplementary information on the characteristic of the Nafion/DTA+hybrid material. Moreover, the results also show the significant effect of water on the electrical resistance of the Nafion-112/IL-cation-modified membrane.
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Lufrano, Ernestino, Cataldo Simari, Maria Luisa Di Vona, Isabella Nicotera, and Riccardo Narducci. "How the Morphology of Nafion-Based Membranes Affects Proton Transport." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030359.

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This work represents a systematic and in-depth study of how Nafion 1100 membrane preparation procedures affect both the morphology of the polymeric film and the proton transport properties of the electrolyte. The membrane preparation procedure has non-negligible consequences on the performance of the proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) that operate within a wide temperature range (up to 120 °C). A comparison between commercial membranes (Nafion 117 and Nafion 212) and Nafion membranes prepared by three different procedures, namely (a) Nafion-recast, (b) Nafion uncrystallized, and (c) Nafion 117-oriented, was conducted. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) investigations indicated that an anisotropic morphology could be achieved when a Nafion 117 membrane was forced to expand between two fixed and nondeformable surfaces. This anisotropy increased from ~20% in the commercial membrane up to 106% in the pressed membrane, where the ionic clusters were averagely oriented (Nafion 117-oriented) parallel to the surface, leading to a strong directionality in proton transport. Among the membranes obtained by solution-cast, which generally exhibited isotropic proton transport behavior, the Nafion uncrystallized membrane showed the lowest water diffusion coefficients and conductivities, highlighting the correlation between low crystallinity and a more branched and tortuous structure of hydrophilic channels. Finally, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests demonstrated the poor elastic modulus for both uncrystallized and oriented membranes, which should be avoided in high-temperature fuel cells.
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Selim, Asmaa, Gábor Pál Szijjártó, and András Tompos. "Insights into the Influence of Different Pre-Treatments on Physicochemical Properties of Nafion XL Membrane and Fuel Cell Performance." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 3385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163385.

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Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymers such as Nafion are the most frequently used Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) in PEM fuel cells. Nafion XL is one of the most recently developed membranes designed to enhance performance by employing a mechanically reinforced layer in the architecture and a chemical stabilizer. The influence of the water and acid pre-treatment process on the physicochemical properties of Nafion XL membrane and Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) was investigated. The obtained results indicate that the pre-treated membranes have higher water uptake and dimensional swelling ratios, i.e., higher hydrophilicity, while the untreated membrane demonstrated a higher ionic exchange capacity. Furthermore, the conductivity of the acid pre-treated Nafion XL membrane was ~ 9.7% higher compared to the untreated membrane. Additionally, the maximum power densities obtained at 80 °C using acid pre-treatment were ~ 0.8 and 0.93 W/cm2 for re-cast Nafion and Nafion XL, respectively. However, the maximum generated powers for untreated membranes at the same condition were 0.36 and 0.66 W/cm2 for re-cast Nafion and Nafion XL, respectively. The overall results indicated that the PEM’s pre-treatment process is essential to enhance performance.
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Mokhtaruddin, Siti Rahmah, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Loh Kee Shyuan, Abdul Amir Hassan Kadhum, and Mahreni Akhmad. "Preparation and Characterization of Nafion-Zirconia Composite Membrane for PEMFC." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.263.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane based on Nafion and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) was developed via film casting method. The content of ZrO2 (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt.%) was incorporated with Nafion solution to prepare Nafion-ZrO2 composite membranes. Recast Nafion membrane was used as reference material. All of the prepared membranes have been subjected to both physical and chemical characterizations such as Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, water uptake rate (WUR) and conductivity measurements. The Nafion-ZrO2 composite membranes were found to possess high thermal stability (Tg= 188 - 192°C) and conductivity (0.30 – 0.93 S cm-1). This study demonstrates the possibility of developing Nafion-ZrO2 composite membrane as promising polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell operated at medium temperature and low humidity.
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Jung, Guo-Bin, Ay Su, Cheng-Hsin Tu, Fang-Bor Weng, Shih-Hung Chan, Ruey-Yi Lee, and Szu-Han Wu. "Supported Nafion Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (October 4, 2006): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2743069.

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The performances of direct methanol fuel cells are largely dependent on the methanol crossover, while the amount of methanol crossover is reported to strongly rely on membrane materials and thickness. In this research, two new membranes (Nafion 211 and Nx-424), along with well-known Nafion 117 and 112 were studied as electrolytes in the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). The Nafion 211 is the thinnest and latest membrane of Nafion series products and Nx-424 is a Nafion membrane with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers as mechanical reinforcement. Nx-424 is used primarily for chloro-alkali production and the electrolytic processes. Although open circuit voltage provides a quick way to evaluate the effect of methanol crossover, the amount of methanol crossover through the membranes was studied in detail via the electrochemical oxidation technique. Both methods show the same trend of methanol crossover of different membranes in this study. Nafion 211 was found to present the highest degree of methanol crossover, however, its’ best performance implied the fact that the influence of the cell resistance (membrane thickness) is dominated in the traditional Nafion system. Although Nafion membrane with thicker thickness and PTFE fiber within Nx-424 provided higher resistance for methanol to cross through, the negative effects of its’ hydrophobic properties also prevent the transport of H2O accompanied by the proton. Therefore, the cell performance of Nx-424 is lower both due to poor proton conductivity and thickest membrane. In other words, the cell performances of traditional Nafion series membranes (Nafion 211, 112, 117) were fully controlled by the thickness while Nx-424 was controlled both by its’ blend properties (hydrophilic-Nafion and hydrophobic-PTFE ) and thickness.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Membrane Nafion"

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Adigoppula, Vinay Kumar. "A study on Nafion® nanocomposite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3940.

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With a rise in demand for electricity and depletion of fossil fuel levels, researchers are looking for an alternative resource to generate power, one which is more environmentally friendly. Fuel cells are one of the best alternatives presently available and are considered by many to be the most promising energy sources with efficiencies of up to 60%. Presently, the cost associated with the usage of fuel cells available in the market is quite high. Researchers are trying to bring down costs associated with their usage and improve efficiency. PEM fuel cells are one of the most promising types of fuel cells. Researchers are currently trying to improve its efficiency by improving its electrolyte. Nafion® is one of the main electrolyte used in PEM fuel cells as it acts as proton conductor. Graphene has an exceptionally high surface area to volume ratio and excellent strength. Current research is focused on integrating graphene in PEM fuel cell electrolytes to improve performance. In this study, graphene is added to Nafion® in varying weight percentages to study the performance of the fuel cell given these changes. The graphene weight percentage is varied by 1, 2, 3, and 4. The fuel cell was operated and it was observed that with the addition of graphene there is an improvement in voltage, proton conductivity, and electron conductivity of the PEM fuel cell. The improvement of proton conductivity and electron conductivity followed a linear path with the increase in graphene weight percentage in the Nafion®. Physical properties of the Nafion® membrane with additional graphene were measured and found out that dielectric constant and thermal conductivity also improved linearly with an increase in graphene weight percentage.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
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Coulon, Romain. "Modélisation de la dégradation chimique de membranes dans les piles à combustibles à membrane électrolyte polymère." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767412.

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Cette thèse propose une approche de modélisation de la dégradation chimique par attaque radicalaire de la membrane dans les piles à combustibles à membrane électrolyte polymère, ainsi que à son impact sur la dégradation de la performance électrochimique. La membrane considérée dans cette étude est de type perfluorosulfonique, avec une structure dépen-dant fortement de son humidification et conditionnant les propriétés de transport. Afin d'étudier la dégradation de la membrane, il faut dans un premier temps établir un modèle de transport, qui sera utilisé aussi bien dans le modèle de dégradation que par les modèles de performance de cellule déjà existants. Une fois ce modèle établi, nous nous focalisons sur la partie dégradation chimique. Après une compréhension globale des phénomènes physico-chimiques se déroulant lors de la dégradation, une mise en équation détaillée est nécessaire. Même les concepts utilisés sont relativement simples, le besoin de nombreux paramètres nous a contraint à simplifier le modèle sur certains points, notamment le mécanisme de dégradation chimique, tant la complexité du phénomène est un frein à la paramétrisa-tion du modèle. Ce modèle, avec ses simplifications et ses hypothèses, est ensuite validé, aussi bien d'un point de vue performance que d'un point de vue dégradation. Il est pour finir exploité dans différents cas de figures, allant de l'utilisation ininterrompue à courant constant (test purement utilisé en laboratoire) à un cyclage plus représentatif de conditions de fonctionnement réelles.
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Choi, Jonghyun. "Nanofiber Network Composite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1260461818.

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Sengul, Erce. "Preparation And Performance Of Membrane Electrode Assemblies With Nafion And Alternative Polymer Electrolyte Membranes." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608734/index.pdf.

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Hydrogen and oxygen or air polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is one of the most promising electrical energy conversion devices for a sustainable future due to its high efficiency and zero emission. Membrane electrode assembly (MEA), in which electrochemical reactions occur, is stated to be the heart of the fuel cell. The aim of this study was to develop methods for preparation of MEA with alternative polymer electrolyte membranes and compare their performances with the conventional Nafion®
membrane. The alternative membranes were sulphonated polyether-etherketone (SPEEK), composite, blend with sulphonated polyethersulphone (SPES), and polybenzimidazole (PBI). Several powder type MEA preparation techniques were employed by using Nafion®
membrane. These were GDL Spraying, Membrane Spraying, and Decal methods. GDL Spraying and Decal were determined as the most efficient and proper MEA preparation methods. These methods were tried to improve further by changing catalyst loading, introducing pore forming agents, and treating membrane and GDL. The highest performance, which was 0.53 W/cm2, for Nafion®
membrane was obtained at 70 0C cell temperature. In comparison, it was about 0.68 W/cm2 for a commercial MEA at the same temperature. MEA prepared with SPEEK membrane resulted in lower performance. Moreover, it was found that SPEEK membrane was not suitable for high temperature operation. It was stable up to 80 0C under the cell operating conditions. However, with the blend of 10 wt% SPES to SPEEK, the operating temperature was raised up to 90 0C without any membrane deformation. The highest power outputs were 0.29 W/cm2 (at 70 0C) and 0.27 W/cm2 (at 80 0C) for SPEEK and SPEEK-PES blend membrane based MEAs. The highest temperature, which was 150 0C, was attained with PBI based MEA during fuel cell tests.
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Shi, Jinjun. "Composite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1214964058.

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Ben, Attia Houssemeddine. "Elaboration et caractérisation des membranes à base de Nafion® / H3 et Nafion® / H1 pour les piles à combustible." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI040/document.

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Cette étude concerne l’élaboration et la caractérisation de membranes composites de piles àcombustible PEMFC. Ces nouveaux composites associent un ionomère commercial leNafion® à des charges acides minérales qui sont des acides phosphoantimoniques. Descharges mono et triacides, H1 et H3, ont été utilisées à des taux massiques compris entre 5 et20%. Outre, leur contribution à la conduction protonique et à l’hydratation, les 2 chargesaméliorent sensiblement, même à faible taux, la tenue thermomécanique des membranes. Cerenforcement permet de diminuer l’épaisseur des membranes et donc la chute ohmique. Lestests en pile, réalisés dans une large gamme d’hydratation des gaz et de température,démontrent l’apport incontestable des charges, les membranes composites étant sensiblementplus performantes dès lors que la température de fonctionnement atteint ou dépasse 80°C
This study deals with the elaboration and characterization of composite membranes intendedto be used in PEMFC. These new composites combine a commercial ionomer, Nafion®, withinorganic acidic fillers that are phosphatoantimonic acids. Mono and triacid fillers, H1 and H3, have been used at 5 to 20wt% contents. Besides, their contribution to proton conductionand hydration, both fillers markedly improve, even at low content, the thermomechanicalperformances of the membranes. This reinforcement allows the thickness and, therefore, theohmic drop to be decreased. The MEA tests, performed in a wide range of gas humidificationand temperature, indisputably demonstrate the benefic effect of the fillers; Compositemembranes performing significantly better as soon as the operating temperature reaches orexceed 80°C
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Aksakal, Ziya Can Şeker Erol. "Hydrogen production from water using solar cells powerd nafion membrane electrolyzers/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2007. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezlerengelli/master/enerjimuh/T000633.pdf.

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Lavorgna, Marino. "Enhanced sol-gel hybridization of Nafion membrane for fuel cell applications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34479.

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Fuel cell technology is one of the emerging energy technologies, both for stationary applications (block power stations) and mobile applications (portable electrical devices). In a standard fuel cell the chemical energy of fuels such as CH3OH or H2 is transformed to electrical energy. High energy efficiency and low emissions make the fuel cell technology attractive compared to traditional combustion engines. The main obstacles to large scale commercialisation of Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are rooted in the proton conducting membrane, which is the most important component of this device. The primary requisites of the hydrated membranes are: (a) high proton conductivity at relatively low humidity levels; (b) low fuel permeability; (c) high chemical, thermal and mechanical stability. Among the different polymeric membranes studied for fuel cell applications only the perfluorosulphonic acid ionomers membranes, such as Nafion®, are actually used commercially.
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Ahmad, Nazir Nadzrinahamin. "Modification and Characterization of Nafion Perfluorinated Ionomer Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1310572235.

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Isidoro, Roberta Alvarenga. "Desempenho de membranas híbridas Nafion-TiO2 e eletrocatalisadores de PtSnb/C em células a combustível do tipo PEM alimentadas com etanol e com H2/CO em alta temperatura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-29082011-160200/.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo sintetizar eletrólitos híbridos de Nafion-TiO2 e eletrocatalisadores de PtSn/C para a aplicação em células a combustível de oxidação direta de etanol (DEFC) em alta temperatura (130oC). Para tanto, partículas de TiO2 foram incorporadas in-situ em membranas comerciais de Nafion via processo sol-gel. Os materiais resultantes foram caracterizados por análise gravimétrica, absorção de água, DSC, DRX e EDX. Eletrocatalisadores baseados em platina-estanho dispersos em carbono (PtSn/C), de diferentes composições, foram produzidos pelo método de redução por álcool e utilizados como eletrodos anódicos. Os eletrocatalisadores foram caracterizados por DRX, EDX, XPS e MET. A avaliação eletroquímica dos eletrocatalisadores foi realizada por voltametria cíclica, varredura linear anódica de monóxido de carbono (stripping de CO) e cronoamperometria. Ânodos de PtSn/C e cátodos de Pt/C comercial foram dispostos juntamente com os híbridos Nafion-TiO2 para a formação do conjuntos membrana-eletrodos. A avaliação final dos materiais foi realizada por meios de curvas de polarização em células unitárias alimentadas com misturas padrão H2/CO ou etanol no ânodo e com oxigênio no cátodo no intervalo de temperatura de 80 a 130oC. As análises demonstraram que o uso de membranas híbridas diminuiu o crossover de combustível, melhorando o desempenho da célula e que o eletrocatalisador PtSn/C 70:30, produzido pelo método de redução por álcool, foi o que demonstrou melhor desempenho para oxidação de etanol.
In this work, Nafion-TiO2 hybrid electrolytes and PtSn/C electrocatalysts were synthesized for the application in direct ethanol fuel cell operating at high temperature (130oC). For this purpose, TiO2 particles were incorporated in commercial Nafion membranes by an in situ sol gel route. The resulting materials were characterized by gravimetric analysis, water uptake, DSC, XRD and EDX. Electrocatalysts based on carbon dispersed platinum-tin (PtSn/C), with different composition, were produced by alcohol-reduction method and were employed as anodic electrode. The electrocatalysts were characterized by XRD, EDX, XPS and transmission electronic spectroscopy. The electrochemical characterization was conducted by cyclic voltametry, carbon monoxide linear anodic voltammetry (CO stripping), and chronoamperometry. Membrane-electrodes assembly (MEAs) were formed with PtSn/C anodes, Pt/C cathodes and Nafion-TiO2 hybrids. The performance of these MEA was evaluated in single-cell fed with H2/CO mixture or ethanol solution at the anode and oxygen at the cathode in the temperature range of 80-130oC. The analysis showed that the hybrid membranes improved the DEFC performance due to crossover suppression and that PtSn/C 70:30 electrocatalysts, prepared by an alcohol reduction process, showed better performance in ethanol oxidation.
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Books on the topic "Membrane Nafion"

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Electrochemical performance and transport properties of a Nafion membrane in a hydrogen-bromine cell environment. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Ghany, Naim. A study of the effects thermal processing, temperature and external acid concentration on the d.c. conductivty of Nafion 117 membranes. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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Nafion: Properties, Structure and Applications. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Membrane Nafion"

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Pica, Monica. "Zirconium-Phosphate (ZrP)-Filled Nafion Membrane." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 2067–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1846.

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Pica, Monica. "Zirconium-Phosphate (ZrP)-Filled Nafion Membrane." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1846-1.

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Kusoglu, Ahmet, and Adam Z. Weber. "Water Transport and Sorption in Nafion Membrane." In Polymers for Energy Storage and Delivery: Polyelectrolytes for Batteries and Fuel Cells, 175–99. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2012-1096.ch011.

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Liu, Jing, and Tong Zhang. "Design of Membrane Electrode Assembly with Non-precious Metal Catalyst for Self-humidifying Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 401–11. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_39.

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AbstractHigh cost is one of the key factors restricting the industrialization and commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a low-cost membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is prepared by using a self-made non-precious metal catalyst. Through the polarization curve test of fuel cell, the optimal loading of Fe-N-S-C catalyst and the optimal ratio with Nafion ionomer are studied. When the loading of Fe-N-S-C catalyst is 2.0 mg cm−2 and the ratio of Nafion ionomer to Fe-N-S-C catalyst is 3:7, the performance of the PEMFC is the best. The performance of MEA under different relative humidity (RH) and inlet pressure is also explored. The experimental results show that the MEA can still maintain good performance under the condition of 40% RH, which shows that this MEA has a certain self-humidifying ability. Because the non-precious metal catalyst layer is too thick, the performance of PEMFC can be improved by increasing the inlet pressure appropriately. The durability of MEA with non-precious metal catalyst is poor, and there is still a lot of work to be done to improve the stability and durability.
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Pilla, Kartheek, Akash Tanwar, and Krishna N. Jonnalagadda. "Fracture Toughness of Nafion-212 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 403–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8724-2_37.

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Lin, Jun, Ryszard Wycisk, and Peter N. Pintauro. "Modified Nafion as the Membrane Material for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." In Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells, 1–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73532-0_14.

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Kelarakis, Antonios, Rafael Herrera Alonso, Huiqin Lian, Engin Burgaz, Luiz Estevez, and Emmanuel P. Giannelis. "Nanohybrid Nafion Membranes for Fuel Cells." In ACS Symposium Series, 171–85. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2010-1034.ch012.

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Galperin, Dmitry, Pavel G. Khalatur, and Alexei R. Khokhlov. "Morphology of Nafion Membranes: Microscopic and Mesoscopic Modeling." In Topics in Applied Physics, 453–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78691-9_17.

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Leddy, Johna. "Modification of Nafion Membranes: Tailoring Properties for Function." In ACS Symposium Series, 99–133. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2015-1213.ch006.

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Hassan, Mohammad K., and Kenneth A. Mauritz. "Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopic Studies of Nafion®/Silicate Membranes." In ACS Symposium Series, 113–24. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2010-1040.ch008.

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Conference papers on the topic "Membrane Nafion"

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Yu, Tzyy-Lung Leon, Shih-Hao Liu, Hsiu-Li Lin, and Po-Hao Su. "Nafion/PBI Nanofiber Composite Membranes for Fuel Cells Applications." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33025.

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The PBI (poly(benzimidazole)) nano-fiber thin film with thickness of 18–30 μm is prepared by electro-spinning from a 20 wt% PBI/DMAc (N, N′-dimethyl acetamide) solution. The PBI nano-fiber thin film is then treated with a glutaraldehyde liquid for 24h at room temperature to proceed chemical crosslink reaction. The crosslink PBI nano-fiber thin film is then immersed in Nafion solutions to prepare Nafion/PBI nano-fiber composite membranes (thickness 22–34 μm). The morphology of the composite membranes is observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties, conductivity, and unit fuel cell performance of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the composite membrane are investigated and compared with those of Nafion-212 membrane (thickness ∼50 μm) and Nafion/porous PTFE (poly(tetrafluoro ethylene)) composite membrane (thickness ∼22 μm). We show the present composite membrane has a similar fuel cell performance to Nafion/PTFE and a better fuel cell performance than Du Pont Nafion-212.
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Borduin, Russell, and Wei Li. "Design and Construction of a Membrane Analysis System for Fuel Cell Humidification Applications." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65233.

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Humidification membranes are vital to maintaining optimal operation conditions in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Dry inlet air must be humidified to achieve an efficient reaction within the fuel cell. Nafion is currently the material of choice for humidification membranes due to its excellent water transport properties. However, the performance of Nafion comes at a high cost (∼ $1000/m2). There is a need to reduce membrane cost by developing an alternative material. The first step in developing a new membrane material is characterization of membrane performance. A humidification membrane measurement system was developed to determine vapor mass transfer rates through Nafion humidification membranes. The system creates a controlled environment where inlet water flow, air flow, temperature and pressure are regulated in order to measure the permeation rate of water through a membrane.
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Romero, T., and W. Me´rida. "Transient Water Transport in Nafion Membranes Under Activity Gradients." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33317.

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Transient water transport experiments on Nafion of different thicknesses were carried out in the temperature range of 30 to 70 °C. These experiments report on water transport measurements under activity gradients in the time domain for liquid and vapour equilibrated Nafion membranes. Using a permeability test rig with a gated valve, the water crossover was measured as a function of time. The typical response is shown as a time dependent flux, and it shows the dynamic transport from an initially dry condition up to the final steady state. Contrarily to previous reports from dynamic water transport measurements, where the activity gradient across the membrane is absent; in this work, the membrane was subjected to an activity gradient acting as the driving force to transport water from an environment with higher water activity to an environment with lower water activity through the membrane’s structure. Measurements explored temperature and membrane thickness variation effect on the transient response. Results showed dependency on temperature and a slower water transport rate across the vapour-membrane interface than for the liquid-membrane interface. These measurements showed the transport dependency on water content at the beginning of the experiment when the membrane was in a close-to-dry condition suggesting a transport phenomenon transition due to a reached critical water content value. The new protocol for transient measurements proposed here will allow the characterization of water transport dependency on membrane water content with a more rational representation of the membrane-environment interface.
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Shi, Jinjun, Jiusheng Guo, and Bor Jang. "A New Type of High Temperature Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97043.

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The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operated at high temperature is advantageous than the current low temperature PEM fuel cell, in that high temperature operation promotes electro-catalytic reaction, reduces the carbon monoxide poisoning, and possibly eliminates methanol crossover in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). However, current commercially viable membranes for PEMFC and DMFC, such as the de-facto standard membrane of Dupont Nafion membrane, only work well at temperatures lower than 80°C. When it is operated at temperatures of higher than 80°C, especially more than 100°C, the fuel cell performance degrades dramatically due to the dehydration. Therefore, high temperature proton exchange membrane material is now becoming a research and development focus in fuel cell industry. In this paper, a new type of high temperature PEM membrane material was investigated. This new type of membrane material was optimally selected from polyether ether ketone (PEEK)-based materials, poly (phthalazinon ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK). The performance of the sulfonated PPESK membrane with degree of sulfonation (DS) of 93% was studied and compared to that of Nafion (®Dupont) 117 membrane. The result showed SPPESK has a comparable performance to Nafion (®Dupont) 117 at low temperature (<80°C) and better performance at high temperature (>80°C). The other advantage of SPPESK is that it has much lower cost than that of Nafion. These characteristics make SPPESK an attractive candidate for high temperature proton exchange membrane material.
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Mu, Shichun, Niancai Cheng, Pei Zhao, Lei Cheng, Mu Pan, and Runzhang Yuan. "Single Cell Performance of Catalyst Coated Membrane Based on Superthin Proton Exchange Membrane." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97192.

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The superthin PEM (≤ 30 μm in thickness) can be used in CCMs (Catalyst coated membranes) and helpful to lower the cost of fuel cells. In this paper, the CCM based on Nafion NRE® 211 membrane (thickness ∼25 μm) was prepared and assembled into a single fuel cell. The activation time, the V-I curves and the voltage vs time plot were used to characterize the performance of CCMs under variuos hydrogen/air humidifying conditions at ambient pressure. The experimental results showed that the fuel cell with CCMs based on NRE® 211 membrane had a shorter activation time and higher performance under humidifying conditions compared to that based on nafion NRE® 212 membrane (thickness ∼50 μm). However, it’s important to remove water from anode in order to maintain a stable performance of fuel cell. Moreover, the performance of the single fuel cell using superthin membranes could be improved at a high current density under non-humidifying conditions.
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Son, Jaemin, and Sangseok Yu. "Parametric Experiments of Water Transport Characteristic in Nafion® Membrane." In ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2018 Power Conference and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2018-7304.

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In a PEMFC (Proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell), water transport mechanism inside the membrane is very important in performance and durability of whole fuel cell stack. Diffusion of water through the membrane is governed by humidity conditions of outer layers and the humidity conditions of gases depend on temperature, pressure and operating pressures. Since those parameters are varied non-linearly, it is necessary to investigate water transport mechanism by concentration difference between both sides of membrane. In this study, water contents of Nafion® membrane is measured in terms of relative humidity, temperatures, and operating pressure. Water diffusion is also measured at different pressures in both sides. Test chamber is designed to fix membrane in the middle of chamber and the membrane separates chambers in two spaces. Parametric study is conducted to measure the water contents of membranes in terms of temperatures 30°C, 50°C, 70°C, 90°C and 0 to 100% relative humidity. When the water diffusivity is calculated by measured data, the water concentrations in both sides are determined by harmonic averages of inlet and exit water humidity. Additionally, water flux is also investigated in terms of both sides humidity, operating pressure and temperatures. As a result, the water diffusion coefficient was explained by the operating temperature and the relative humidity and operating pressures.
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Bharath, Sudharsan. "Low-Temperature Direct Propane Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (DPFC)." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97001.

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The low-temperature Direct Propane Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (DPFC) based on low-cost modified membranes was demonstrated for the first time. The propane is fed into the fuel cell directly without the need for reforming. A PBI membrane doped with acid and a Nafion 117 membrane modified or non-modified with silicotungstic acid were used as the polymer membranes. The anode was based on Pt, Pt-Ru or Pt/CrO3 electro catalysts and the cathode was based on a Pt electro catalyst. For non-optimized fuel cells based on H2SO4 doped PBI membranes and Pt/CrO3 anode, the open circuit potential was 1.0 Volt and the current density at 0.40 Volt was 118 mA.cm-2 at 95°C. For fuel cells based on Nafion 117 membranes modified with silicotungstic acid and on Pt/CrO3, the open-circuit voltage was 0.98 Volt and the current density at 0.40 Volt was 108 mA.cm-2 while fuel cells based on non-modified Nafion 117 membranes exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 0.8 Volt and the current density at 0.40 Volt was 42 mA.cm-2. It was also shown that propane fuel cells using anodes based on Pt-Ru/C anode (42 mW.cm-2) exhibit a similar maximum power density to that exhibited by fuel cells based on Pt-CrO3/C-anode (46 mW.cm-2), while DPFC using a Pt/C-based anode exhibited lower maximum power density (18 mW.cm-2) than fuel cells based on the Pt-CrO3/C anode (46 mW.cm-2).
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Adigoppula, Vinay K., Waseem Khan, Rajib Anwar, Avni A. Argun, and R. Asmatulu. "Graphene Based Nafion® Nanocomposite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62751.

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Nanocomposite proton-exchange membranes are fabricated by loading graphene nanoflakes into perfluoro sulfonic acid polymer (Nafion) solutions at controlled amounts (1–4 wt%) followed by electrical and thermal characterization of the resulting membranes. Electronic and ionic conductivity values of the nanocomposites, as well as their dielectric and thermal properties improve at increased graphene loadings. Owing to graphene’s exceptionally high surface area to volume ratio and excellent physical properties, these nanocomposite are promising candidates for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell applications.
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Mian, Ahsan, Golam Newaz, Lakshmi Vendra, Xin Wu, and Sheng Liu. "Role of Defects on Mechanical Response of Nafion® Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2528.

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Nafion® manufactured by Dupont is a widely used membrane material for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Such membranes are made thin and also have to be hydrated during operation to increase proton conductivity of the cell. Since the membranes are made thin, and do not posses high mechanical properties, they are prone to any handling induced damage. In this paper, we have made an initial attempt to demonstrate the capability of thermal wave imaging nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique in detecting various types of damage entities such as scratches, folding, and pin pricks in the membrane material. In addition, the effect of hydration and handling induced damage on the tensile behavior of Nafion® membrane is studied. It is observed that the damaged and as-received hydrated samples exhibit lower modulus and yield strength than the corresponding dry counterparts.
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Lee, So-Jeong, Nallal Muthuchamy, Anantha-Iyengar Gopalan, and Kwang-Pill Lee. "New Nafion/Conducting Polymer Composite for Membrane Application." In 2016 International Conference on Advanced Materials Science and Environmental Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amsee-16.2016.3.

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Reports on the topic "Membrane Nafion"

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Jones, Alan A. Characterization of Nafion as a Permselective Membrane by NMR. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423127.

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Foerster, John, and Robert Lamontagne. Use of a Nafion Membrane Probe for Quick, On-the-Spot Determination of Ionic Copper Contamination Levels in Natural Waters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607623.

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Vishnyakov, Aleksey M., and Alexander V. Neimark. Molecular Modeling of Nafion Permselective Membranes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada431689.

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Mueller, Joshua M. Complex Impedance Studies of Electrosprayed and Extruded Nafion Membranes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425009.

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Young, Sandra K., Samuel F. Trevio, and Nora C. Tan. Investigation of the Morphological Changes in Nafion Membranes Induced by Swelling with Various Solvents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398745.

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Chen, R. S., J. R. Jayakody, and S. G. Greenbaum. Deuteron and Oxygen-17 NMR Studies of Molecular Motion in Methanol- Saturated Nafion Membranes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada261579.

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Liu, Chao, and Charles R. Martin. Ion-Transporting Composite Membranes. 3. Selectivity and Rate of Ion Transport in Nafion- (trade name) Impregnated Gore-Tex Membranes Prepared by a High Temperature Solution-Casting Method. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225837.

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