Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mémoire – Aspect social'
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Dris, Nassima. "Espaces publics et centralités à Alger : entre logiques urbanistiques et mémoire urbaine." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100106.
Full textObieme, Maria. "La mémoire familiale comme point d'ancrage de la reconstruction de l'identité : le cas des migrants provenant des pays de la Méditerranée vivant en Picardie." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0021.
Full textCardin, Martine. "Archivistique : information, organisation, mémoire ; l'exemple du Mouvement coopératif Desjardins, 1900-1990." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29271.
Full textCarrier, Yolaine. "La deuxième ombre (roman) ; : suivi de Les contes, une mémoire (essai réflexif)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28973/28973.pdf.
Full textGagnon, Justine. "Nitshissituten : mémoire et continuité culturelle des Pessamiulnuat en territoires inondés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34006.
Full textBeginning in the 1950s, the Innu community of Pessamit saw its ancestral land radically transformed by the intrusion of the hydroelectric industry on several of its major rivers. Culminating with the erection of the well-known Manic-5 dam on the Manicouagan River in the late 1960s, this flourishing period for Québec's economy and its political affirmation contributed to the highly symbolic character to these infrastructures. However, for the Pessamiulnuat (the Innus of Pessamit), this industrial endeavor has first and foremost brought about the end of a way of life relying largely on navigation, along with the disappearance of vast hunting grounds, cultural sites, portage trails, etc. In the absence of any archaeological surveys preceding the floods, what remains of this geocultural heritage are the memories of those who navigated the rivers before their transformation. This research project explores the now intangible nature of this flooded heritage, as well as the ways to preserve and enhance it, a posteriori. Drawing on the singular relationship linking memory to places and trajectories, it seems relevant to question the various paths memory – and the remembering process – take when those geographical bearings disappear or become inaccessible. In other words, how can the awakening of memories deeply intertwined with places and landscapes take place when these geographical features no longer exist in their tangible form? Furthermore, is there something that can be transmitted beyond historical and cultural disruptions, so that the memory of a place can be maintained, without necessarily having lived or been there? Is it even relevant to ensure a form of continuity for these past geographies? Based on participatory action research principles, this project relied on a variety of tools that promoted a deep collaboration with the Innu Council of Pessamit, while providing tangible benefits to the community members. In addition to semi-directed interviews that have been conducted with the Pessamiulnuat, participatory mapping activities were used, whereas the creation of an exhibition at the Ka Mamuitunanut Community Center served as a strategy for disseminating and validating preliminary results. Following the trails of memories shared by those who navigated the rivers before they were harnessed, this dissertation highlights the specificities of a « daily practice » heritage, deeply rooted in a navigational culture. It demonstrates that the remembering process, as part of geographical knowledge acquisition, renders its components alive and sustainable, even long after the places they refer to have disappeared. This dissertation also addresses the scope and opportunities recent advances in cultural and critical cartography may offer to support the remembering process, as well as to represent its visual components. Furthermore, it focuses on commemorative strategies that can reveal the spirit of places which have been drastically transformed. In fact, the research outcomes served as a starting point for very concrete knowledge mobilization initiatives and heritage preservation activities, aiming to provide this intangible patrimony a spatial inscription, guaranteeing greater visibility. The design of an informative platform (belvedere) allowed us to question the categories and assumptions promoted by heritage management institutions, revealing the need for the Pessamiulnuat to turn this largely transformed heritage into a living, inhabited and used space in the present time. These observations lay the foundations for a critical reflection on the role of memory in the construction and documentation of the past, along with cultural continuity, which are at the foundation of Aboriginal rights recognition in Canada. This dissertation thus provides analytical keys that are often overlooked in order to grasp the tensions underlying this recognition, be it the reductive opposition between tangible and intangible heritage, or the persistent tension between writing and oral traditions. Since proof of land use and Indigenous cultural affirmation strategies are at the heart of the negotiations and land claims led by the Innu communities of Quebec, the enhancement of such an invisibilized geocultural heritage is key. For memory work is ultimately a question of justice. Keywords: Flooded landscapes; intangible heritage; Indigenous lands; Innus of Pessamit; hydroelectric development; place of memory; cultural continuity; spatial justice; mapping.
Perlès, Valérie. "L'espace consommé, la mémoire réifiée : la perception du dépaysement et l'industrie des souvenirs de vacances de la fin du XVIIIe siècle à nos jours." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS028S.
Full textSouvenir, as a material object reveals a change of scenery for a certain kind of population and implicitly responds to a confrontation between a traveller and an environment. Bought within an individual experience it refers to, the souvenir yet contains a restricting message that justifies its existence. This obvious message emerges from the sign producers , either local or foreign, and their perceptions from the habits or the imaginary thoughts their potential customers may have. The analysis of material signs conveyed by the souvenir lays in a consumption society logic which omits on purpose the consumer point of view. This partial analysis of reality connects the settlement of holiday places as a response to a social, economic and technical reality, to a reification process of the change of scenery as a response to an imaginary reality. The study of the souvenir within time and space aims at highlighting trends and allows the identification of two types of messages :an external perception of holiday places, which tends to be codified and a local integration of this perception, which tends to be deconstructed. The evolution of these two trends, represented by the souvenir, lays in the distinction done by Charles Sender Pierce between the three fundamental ways making real life present and visible : the sign who is the trace of his referent, the icon which looks alike and the symbol which transforms it
Boucher, Denis. "Sauvegarde du patrimoine, commémoration du passé et construction d'une mémoire locale : Rivière-du-Loup et le manoir Fraser." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61332.pdf.
Full textStolojan-Filipesco, Vladimir. "Le statu-quo de la mémoire nationale à Taïwan : les dynamiques antagonistes de mises en récits publiques de l'expérience autoritaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC144.
Full textThe key focus of this thesis is the exploration of the contradictory nature of the politics of memory dedicated to the Party-State system implemented by the Chinese Nationalist party (KMT) in 1945.In the aftermath of World War II, Taiwan – a Japanese colony since 1895 – sees its sovereignty transferred to the Republic of China.The country becomes the home to Chinese nationalist refugees and the last stronghold of the Kuomintang (KMT), after the party’s defeat against the communist forces during the Chinese civil war of 1949. Refusing to recognize its demise, the KMT rules Taiwan through a regime conceived to, symbolically, represent China in its entirety. During this period, the politics of memory and identity take into account the experiences of a minority within the Taiwanese community only – those of the Chinese population that came to Taiwan with the KMT between 1945 and 1950. This ends with the democratization of Taiwan in 1987. From this point onwards, China is no longer the central point of reference; a new identity paradigm arises, articulated around the specificities of Taiwan, and its multiculturalism.While the old official discourse quickly loses its prominence in modern day Taiwan, it doesn’t disappear completely, with a portion of the population still identifying itself with the old KMT narrative. Likewise, the KMT remains one of the key players on the Taiwanese political scene; the party never took an overly critical stance on its own history as it undermines its own legitimacy. Instead of breaking from the authoritarian era, the post 1987 politics of memories result in the contradicting recognition of both the victims of the dictatorship and the glory of the oldr ulers, Chiang Kai-shek and his son ChiangChing-kuo. Through following a sociology of memory approach, this research aims at analysing the dynamics behind the development of the new post-democratisation public narratives. This study investigates the current opposing takes on national memory, looking at the place the KMT’s authoritarian regime occupies in the Taiwanese history, while also redefining the concept of national memory
Murgia, Laurie. "Mémoire des lacs et mémoire des sociétés du Moyen Âge à nos jours : approche palynologique et historique de la moyenne montagne jurassienne et alpine (lac de Remoray, Doubs ; glissement de Mont Granier, Savoie)." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1001/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was to establish a precise story of the interaction between societies and environment during the last millennium, in two zones of middle mountain area, which are particularly sensitive to the natural hazards as well as to the political, economic and social events, through a set of multiple data. The high-resolution study of two lacustrine sediment cores in two Jura and alpine sites, thanks to the palynological tool - pollen grains, spores and non-pollen palynomorphs - and the study of the historical and archival data allowed us, besides supplying a complementary corpus, to test a comparative approach (pollen vs cadastral data). At Lake Remoray (Doubs, Jura massif, 850 m asl.), the study specified the settlement process. The data of the Early Middle Ages, illustrate one more time that the idea that a forest desert preceding the arrival of the monks land-clearers is to be revised. The installation of religious communities during the XI-XIIIth centuries and the influence of the seigniorial powers in this strategic zone seem however the key stage in the implementation of a sustainable settlement. Economic activities diversify and take their development during the next centuries although certain periods are marked with sociopolitical crises and cross effects, more or less felt, of Little Ice Age. It will be necessary to wait for the XIX-XXth century transition to see the development of the recent silvo-pastoral landscape. Our second site of study finds its origin in what gives to the mountain another identity: the natural risks. The site is the testimony of a zone destroyed in 1248 AD by an immense landslide further to the fall of a part of the Mount Granier (Savoy, massif of the Chartreuse ; 1933 m asl.). This event, depriving the valley of five parishes and a thousand inhabitants quickly engendered a new territory, in terms of topographic, vegetal as well as socioeconomic aspect. The particular observation Lake Saint André lacustrine sequence, formed post-collapse, offered the opportunity to follow step by step this vegetal and human recovery, supported by the geological, geographical, archaeological and historic approaches which liven up the research in a recurring way. The results show of a period of vegetal recolonisation followed by a relatively fast agro-pastoral recovery with, as peculiarity, the implementation of a wine-making territory. The sedimentary recording of this lake allowed following, besides the indications of a varied food-producing farming till the beginning of the XXth century, the particular pollen testimony of the vineyard which will gradually become a monoculture
Noriega, Ramiro. "Entre Histoire et mémoire. Un aspect du roman espagnol et hispano-américain à l'aube du XXIème siècle (R. Piglia, R Bolano, J. Cercas)." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977958.
Full textEstager, Sylvain. "Un objet géographique entre marginalité et territoire : la vigne en Haute-Saône." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10128/document.
Full textStatically, in Haute-Saône, vine growing in today a marginal culture. Nevertheless that region is full of vine prints like micro-parcels for hobby; front trellised vines, vine grower architecture or constructions, feasts, lieux-dits or local dictum in relationship with vine ... Taking ail those vine prints into consideration leads to believe that vine growing is not such a marginal culture. As a matter of fact, vine vestiges or sorne practices of everyday Iife remains to an important vine-producing past. Until the beginning of the XXè century, it used to take an important place in those countries. Vine producing economy's disappearing is often explained as a consequence of phylloxera. ln fact, it is necessary to examine dynamics that leads to a no longer valid production system. Vine growing turns away from commercial production to specialize in subsistence farming production. It is still an essential component of everyday life for those countries' inhabitants. As for as knowhow and practices which have reference to vine are full of remembrance, of things which have been lived through, and of an emotionallink, it enables to built a sort ofidentity for people of this area. At last, this object of study, even if it looks Iike marginal, opens on values of identity, remembrance and territory
Heurley, Loïc. "Mémoire et perception : l'influence de la simulation de la couleur sur la perception de la couleur." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823241.
Full textLe, Grandic Marie. "Histoires de familles et de transmissions : une sociologie des pratiques festives." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA158.
Full textThis thesis looks at the social and anthropological functions of family celebrations, and focuses in particular on transmission. The study of these festive gatherings contributes to an exploration of the complexity of social ties. It shows that these spaces are ambivalent, as they both integrate and exclude from festivities. The material and immaterial elements that can be passed down are introduced in all their variety. Festive practices socialise while also being a social product themselves, and create learning opportunities through processes of inculcation and impregnation. The educational relationship seems heightened by the particular atmosphere of these celebrations, which bring people physically closer and allows the relaxing of rules and habits. Through this proximity, participants become more attentive to each other, and more inclined to reciprocity in their relationships. Around the table, relatives negotiate the family memory by sharing their experiences and through the narration of old memories, especially past or future celebrations. Between reserve and elation, these groups thus create a sense of community that is significant both for the group’s evolution and for the individual, and his or her attitude towards others. Along the way, the different phases of festivities create space for encounters and dialogue, which allow individuals to tell their story and process their plural identity. From a methodological perspective, this qualitative analysis of festive practices within the framework of the family draws on an ethnographic approach, and combines participant observation with the gathering of multiple voices. Through her own involvement, the writer questions the proximity between the researcher and the field studied
Bauer, Paul. "Les espaces frontaliers de la Bohême au XXe siècle : un essai de géographie de la mémoire." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0054.
Full textUntil the passing of the Benes decrees in 1945, over 80% of the Bohemian borderlands' inhabitants were part of the ethnic German minority. These populations, whose settlements dated back to the 13th century, had profoundly shaped the structure and organization of western bohemian borderlands. The forced migrations of the ethnic German populations to the Bavarian areas across the Czech-German border was followed in the immediate postwar period, by the resettlement of abandoned border villages by heterogeneous populations which, in most cases, had no previous link with their new settlement areas. If this past is often mobilized and used for political means in the Czech Republic, and to a lesser extent in Germany, then how is it represented and what uses are made of it in the areas where cohabitation between Germans and Czech has been the most tense and problematic? What is the place devoted to state socialism in such memorial practices? By focusing on the one hand on social and territorial restructuration in the borderlands and on the other on the Europeanization of the border between Germany and the Czech Republic, this analysis argues for an understanding of territory as a decisive factor and witness of the social relations and successive political regimes by which it was shaped. It is essential to know to which extent the territory represents a social framework for collective memorial practices for local communities of the Bohemian borderIands
Sarrouy, Marion. "Apprentissages et pratiques de la cornemuse en Irlande du Nord : jeu musical, (en)jeux des appartenances et mémoire du conflit." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20051.
Full textThis thesis endeavours to study pipe bands as a cultural practice in contemporary "post-conflict" Northern Irish society. By approaching music as an everyday practice and a repeated opportunity for exchange and interaction, this work seeks to evaluate how it contributes to the formation and renewal of collective norms and values. As Northern Ireland emerges from a conflict that continues to shape social relations and political life, this work also aims at approaching, through cultural practices, the dynamics of conflict transformation. Through this standpoint, this thesis whishes to consider the products of musical socialization in response to the legacy of conflict. Music as a practice is also thought of as allowing an action on the world and a reinvention of conflict
Pierucci, Sabrina. "Why saying is believing: epistemic and relational pathways towards the creation of shared reality with others." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209689.
Full textDans ma démarche expérimentale, j’ai privilégié des études permettant d’explorer des situations concrètes dans lesquelles l’effet du « dire c’est croire » était susceptible d’apparaître.
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Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
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Frisone, Gloria. "Vers une perspective anthropologique de la maladie d'Alzheimer : les assises symboliques de la perte de la mémoire dans une "société de la commémoration"." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0103.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the social notion of Alzheimer’s disease, conceived as a loss of memory and assimilated to the loss of identity. By integrating the tradition of biomedical anthropology, this thesis aims at highlighting the representations and narratives of Alzheimer’s disease that exceed the pure diagnostic definition. These conceptions stem from a particular social context and cultural model, which we have proposed to call "commemorative society", as a society that bases its symbolic and anthropological foundations on both biographical and historical memory to produce subjectivities and to build individual and collective identities
La tesi affronta l'analisi della nozione sociale di malattia d'Alzheimer, concepita nei soli termini di una patologia della memoria e assimilata a una perita di sé. Inserendosi nell'orizzonte tradizionale dell'antropologia medica, l'obiettivo è di analizzare le narrazioni della malattia, portandone alla luce i modelli esplicativi e le rappresentazioni che certamente sfuggono ai limiti della sola definizione diagnostica. Tali concezioni provengono da un contesto sociale e da un modello culturale più ampi che caratterizzano quella che abbiamo chiamato "società della commemorazione", ossia una società, come quella contemporanea, che pone la memoria, sia essa autobiografica o storica, a fondamento simbolico e antropologico dei processi di soggettivazione e della costruzione delle identità individuali e collettive
Leborgne, Mathieu. "L'espace d'un oubli : le rôle des mémoires collectives dans la construction du sentiment d'appartenance territoriale : le cas du Parc naturel régional du Verdon." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0017.
Full textThe central assumption put forward that in territorialized identity construction processes, social group memories would have a central role to play. It is why we propose a contribution to a "sociology of signs" as an analysis of what is produced by spatial marking of memory. The regional nature park of Verdon, created in 1997 in the south-east of France, is our field of investigation. After a theoretical approach on the foundations of thought wich link memory and territory, reffering in particular to Maurice Halbwachs works (part1), we will describe the history of both physical and symbolic construction of the Verdon territories (part 2). The role of hydroelectric area, are the two central poles of a specific territorial character where more than memory, it is oblivion wich seems to prevail. How consequently, can the regional nature park of Verdon appear as territory in this area with differentiated links with past (part 3) ? The appeal to nature seems to be a possible referent of local identity
Alexopoulos, Christina. "Des narrations d’expériences extrêmes engageant le social à l’accompagnement thérapeutique de sujets en exil et en précarité, confrontés à des traumatismes majeurs avant, pendant et après leur parcours migratoire : une remontée aux sources relationnelles, corporelles, verbales et artistiques de la narrativité." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7046.
Full textThis work on theoretical-clinical research in psychoanalysis and psychopathology traces the modalities of therapeutic treatment and clinical listening in relation to accounts given by people in exile and insecure situations in an emergency shelter, an administrative detention centre or a psychiatric hospital. An extensive period of counselling carried out in these places providing shelter, control or care, made it possible to reflect on the psychic issues faced by people who experienced major trauma before, during or after their exile, and on the therapeutic dimension of narration. Offering transference in order to draw out their story within a contained, flexible yet solid framework, finding with them ways of narrating it for themselves, or to others, and to develop it, to work on their experiences in order to free them from their status as a victim and to move into the future, these are all important clinical stages.The psychic work leading from the emergence and narration of memories to the acceptance of their story in a subjectivising process is considered in relation to the exploration of the internal plurality of the subject between the polyphony of the account, groupality per se and narrative identity. It also deals with the role of memory in building the individual, from traces of memory to remembering his story and the interactional reconstruction of individual, collective and institutional memories, through a multifocal, polymorphous and multidirectional process. And finally it is considered in relation to the concepts of subjectivation and intersubjectivity, with reference to the historical and epistemological heritage of institutional psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and the theory of attachment. There results from this a therapeutic proposal based on a clinical approach to social, intersubjective and empathetic relationships, by extending the theoretical and practical results of a psychoanalytical approach, centred on the words of the subject, and of a tradition of institutional psychotherapy focussed on the relational sources of care, while reclaiming non-verbal, physical and artistic forms of expression and mediation.Consideration is given to the framework of clinical sessions, the reorganization of provision and the interaction with those in the field, whether they be respresentatives of the state, legal or administrative authorities or socio-educational workers from associations managing shelters. The overall system of institutional power is thus considered in relation to the evolution of the conditions for receiving, sheltering and giving psychosocial care. The transformation of associations into organisations for managing shelters that are financed and in the main controlled by the state, the move from medico-social reception staff working on the principle of unconditionality to an ever more restrictive system in relation to rights, the proven presence also, in actions and in words, of exclusion, of the normalisation of discrimination and institutional violence, are measured against the subjectivity of those involved, the ideological, psychical and social foundations of their approach and the historical, political and legal context in which they develop.In the face of repeated trauma, therapeutic work aims to restore as much the subject’s narrative ability as his psychical, physical and mental faculties for developing, relating and telling to others his story, by mobilising relational, physical, verbal or artistic resources and by carrying out work on intrapsychic and intersubjective links, both in the context of the spoken word and in that of writing about the self, or again extraverbal translation and artistic mediation
Rocher, Marie-Claude. "Les protestants francophones au Québec, XIXe siècle : une expérience de communication de l'histoire par l'exposition en musée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17755.
Full textCaritey, Christophe. "L'apport du manuel d'histoire et ses limites dans la formation de la mémoire historique : application à l'étude de la Nouvelle-France de 1608 à 1663 dans le cadre du Québec de 1923 à 1989." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28447.
Full textFanget, Muriel. "Les stratégies de résolution d'opérations arithmétiques simples : un nouveau paradigme." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669686.
Full textJoubert, Anne. "Exploration et mémoire spatiale chez de jeunes babouins (Papio papio) : aspects cognitifs et sociaux." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22048.
Full textTanguy, Béatrix. "La rédaction d' À la recherche du temps perdu ou l'illusion de la perte." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00623265.
Full textAnagnostou, Panagiota. "Les représentations de la société grecque dans le rebetiko." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881019.
Full textGirard-Hainz, Brigitte. "Mythes et réalités urbaines dans la vie associative de quartier : imaginaires de la ville, mémoires et identités collectives dans la construction de la solidarité associative à Saint-Ferjeux (Besançon)." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA1001.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand the modes in which local groups and organisations are rooted in the area, following a monographical approach based on the points of view of members of local voluntary groups sharing the same urban entity of reference : the Saint-Ferjeux district, in the city of Besançon. It highlights the ways in which they contribute to the construction of representations of interwoven urban territories - everyday life, residential and/or emotional territories and local community group territories - by fostering the Myth of a Village-Area within the city, which is both an account of origins and a utopia, like an ideal City providing a framework for local community life and allowing the experimentation of many forms of local community group solidarity
Boucher, Boudreau Geneviève. "Colonies juives et mémoire sociale : vers une compréhension de l'appropriation du territoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30162/30162.pdf.
Full textDéglise-Coste, Béatrice. "Représentations du monde et symbolique élémentaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985100.
Full textNzunguba-Ibio, Jean-Pierre. "Peintres, peinture et culture populaire à Bunia (Zaïre) : essai d'analyse socio-historique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20110.
Full textRichetin, Juliette. "A propos du geste cosmétique : de ses effets sur la formation d'impression à ses associations implicites en mémoire." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20006.
Full textThe CNRS National Research Group "Cosmetics and Perfumes" associating seven industrial partners and six other laboratories has studied the effects of cosmetics use. More specifically, our research team has dealt with facial make-up and its impact on impression formation. Two series of studies on similar populations show that at explicit level, make-up is associated to attractiveness and negative personality traits, whereas at implicit level, make up is associated to positive social objects. The two sets of apparently inconsistent results we have obtained emphasize the need to avoid considering only implicit attitudes when predicting behaviors towards women wearing make-up. Therefore, this work shows the complexity of the underlying processes involved in the social perception of such an unremarkable and commonly performed behavior as the use of cosmetics
Zemni, Bahia. "Écriture et pouvoir dans Moi Pierre Rivière, ayant égorgé ma mère, ma sœur et mon frère…" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA060.
Full textIt is one of the roles of Discourse Analysis as a discipline to consider texts, regarded so far as speeches that have not yet totally revealed the secrets and issues that they place on the market of meaning. In this research, the close relationship between the subject of the discourse namely Pierre Rivière, the family where he lived and the social context that led him to commit the triple murder is investigated. How was the speech of Pierre Riviere designed to argue in favor of a crime that the young peasant assumes? What kind of connection is then, possible to establish between the speech and the available linguistic devices of this very speech? The last point to be mentioned is that of the power of writing. Writing in itself is a kind of power that only those who know it enjoy it. Key wordsDiscourse analysis, arguments, discourse, writing, memory, text, power, crime, society
Sève, Pierre. "Avoir lu et savoir lire la littérature : Influence de "répertoires" diversement construits sur la réception d'un même récit dans trois communautés interprétatives." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451063.
Full textGranet-Abisset, Anne-Marie. "Les chemins de la réussite : des mémoires à une histoire des migrations : le Queyras." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX10045.
Full textThéodoridès, Anna. "Survivre en contexte minoritaire : une étude sociologique des résistances des Grecs d'Istanbul (Rûms polites) au lendemain des émeutes de la nuit du 6 au 7 septembre 1955, Istanbul." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0016.
Full textThe survival strategies constructed by the Greek community of Istanbul after the 6/7 September riots in 1955 are the subject of this PhD. Affects and representations of this episode of the past constitute the practices elaborated by the actors to achieve a common target: the preservation of their singularity and their cosmopolitan history rooted in Istanbul. The riots of September 1955 reflect the conflict between the primary identity - as envisaged by the members who see themselves as the founders of Istanbul - and the official denomination which tends to reify the different social groups. At the heart of this study, an ethnographical fieldwork led in Istanbul, Athens and Thessaloniki highlights the silent and hidden mobilization of the members remaining in Istanbul who have elaborated strategies of adjustment following logics of avoidance, bypass, danger anticipation and self-control after the events. By their sides, a generation of actors who had discreetly left after this night event, had tried to free themselves from the minority status by creating elsewhere spaces of emancipation or preservation of their identity criminalised in Turkey and marginalised or even disregarded in Greece where some of them had migrated. This thesis presents several facets linked to the experience of this traumatising event that gave birth to a large diversity of life stories and memories, revealing the repertoires at different scales which allowed to maintain in Istanbul or reinvent in other areas the singularity of this community
Moomou, Jean. "Les Boni à l'âge de l'or et du grand « takari » (1860-1969) : «temps de crise, temps d'espoir»." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0093.
Full textOur previous investigations, notably our master's thesis, enabled us to relate the history of the Boni people in French Guiana from 1772 to 1860 These research not only showed us the way 111 which the group of Boni fugitive slaves emerge to give birth to a nation but alsu the way in which colonial history generated the Boni and then how the Boni made their own history On September,8th 1860 they are declared free and autonomous by the French and Dutch colonial powers. Thus, far from the colonial world, they create their own cultural and religious world However, this harmonious life which seems to appear in 1860 will very quickly be disturbed by external circumstances On one hand, this thesis aims at explaining the interactions between the policies of the French and Dutch colonial powers and the ones of the fugitive slaves communities, notably the Boni On the other hand, it also aims at explaining how the Boni adapted themselves 10 the exogenous enterprises (Introduction of the gold economy and of the free market, logging, the political schemes of the colonial powers and then of the departmental powers) which changed their society economically, socially, culturally, mental! y and also as regards traditional authority from 1860 to 1969 This thesis al50 aims al showing the lot of the traditional societies on the Maroni -in this case, the one of the Boni -confronted to the world of the French and Dutch settlers. Indeed, under the scrutiny of the settlers but also because of values and morals unknown until then, the "Baka firman nengue" (the niggers of the peace age) -to use the expression of the Boni "Sabi-man" toda)" -had a hard time reconciling tradition and modernity and understanding the evolution in which their society evolved. .
Fabbiano, Giulia. "Des générations postalgériennes : discours, pratiques, recompositions identitaires." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0038.
Full textThis thesis is an analysis of the identity of the descendents of formely colonized Algerians. First we investigate how the colonized indigenous people became either immigrants or harkis once the moved to France. Then, after having studied how the political reality affects the subsequent generational development of both immigrants and harkis, we discuss the identifying traits of the different heritages. The descendants of the immigrants and those of the harkis not only identify them-selves with those two groups, but also have contradictory views of history. Nevertheless, they intermingle, and even intermarry. Immigrants and harkis in close relationships must come to terms with their different heritage in order to overcome their conflicting interpretations of their shared history. We conclude debating if such a shared history can be written
Valognes, Stéphane. "De l'espace usinier aux nouveaux territoires urbains : mémoires collectives, projets urbains, appropriation de l'espace." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0050.
Full textWhat are interactions between urban traces, groups and urban projects, in renewal of wastelands ? How architects and planners design the urban future ? Three examples are developed in this work : the former industrial area of Société Métallurgique de Normandie near Caen, the Nantes Island in Nantes, and the former central harbour area in Bordeaux. After the analyse of urban forms's heritage, we examine the ability of urban projects to play a role in the production of new urban morphology and new space appropriations
Truc, Gérôme. "Le 11-septembre européen : la sensibilité morale des Européens à l’épreuve des attentats du 11 septembre 2001, du 11 mars 2004 et du 7 juillet 2005." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0157.
Full textRawing its inspiration from the classical theses of Simmel, Durkheim and Elias, this PhD dissertation analyses the moral sensibility of Europeans at the beginning of the 21st century through their reactions to the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, March 11th, 2004 and July 7th, 2005. Based on extensive fieldwork in France, the United States, Madrid and London, and on the exploitation of a wide variety of empirical materials – particularly a previously unpublished collection of several dozens of thousands of messages of condolence and solidarity – it establishes in what ways ordinary individuals felt concerned by these events and sympathized with their victims. The first section examines how each terrorist attack has been framed by European media and public institutions. It underlines how “Europeans” became a collective subject who had a specific experience of these events, yet without a sense of European belonging being solidified through shared grief. The second section shows that the community of feelings that appeared in reaction to Islamist terrorist attacks cannot be simply reduced to an unambiguous feeling of community. It highlights the formation of different publics of individuals who have felt concerned as much through a “we” whose nature and scale vary, as on a more personal mode, where the sense of “I” prevails. The third section, finally, explores the contrast between the American memory of 9/11 and the near oblivion in Europe of the Madrid and London terrorist attacks, given the fact that the principal vectors from which the publics of European 9/11 arose did not constitute the frames of an European memory
Mercy, Aurelie. "La moralité des autres: déterminants symboliques et matériels du jugement moral et des attitudes dans le conflit intergroupe." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209772.
Full textLes causes du conflit intergroupe sont habituellement envisagées selon deux axes. Selon le premier axe, matériel, le conflit serait causé par une incompatibilité entre les groupes dans leur poursuite d’intérêts liés à des ressources (Sherif & Sherif, 1969 ;Bobo, 1988). Selon une seconde approche, symbolique, le conflit naîtrait de préoccupations identitaires (Tajfel & Turner, 1986). Cette dissertation évalue l’hypothèse selon laquelle ces deux axes sont tous deux sous-tendus par une dimension morale. En effet, les préoccupations matérielles et identitaires influenceraient le jugement moral des membres de l’exogroupe et des membres de l’endogroupe. Ce jugement, à son tour, déterminerait les attitudes intergroupes (Leach, Ellemers, & Barreto, 2007 ;Ginger-Sorolla, 2012).
Nous mettons cette hypothèse générale à l’épreuve à travers six études. Les deux premières études investiguent l’influence des principes moraux et des émotions morales sur les attitudes intergroupes dans le cadre du conflit linguistique belge. Ce conflit actuel, opposant Flamands et Francophones, comprend des composantes tant matérielles que symboliques. Ensuite, nous proposons une analyse spécifique des jugements moraux intervenant dans le cadre de conflits essentiellement symboliques. À travers deux études, nous étudions le lien entre identité sociale et jugement moral. La première identifie les déterminants des prises de positions, par des personnes non impliquées dans le conflit israélo-palestinien, en faveur de l’une ou l’autre des deux parties. La seconde étudie la dimension morale des représentations, émotions et attitudes concernant la collaboration en Belgique durant la seconde guerre mondiale. Enfin, les deux dernières études investiguent les jugements moraux intergroupes liés à la dimension matérielle du conflit. À travers deux études expérimentales, l’une en situation réelle, l’autre basée sur des scénarios fictifs, nous étudions dans quelle mesure une répartition (égale ou inégale) de ressources peut influencer les jugements moraux, et déterminer, à travers ceux-ci, les attitudes envers les groupes concernés.
Pour conclure, nous discutons de la notion même de jugement moral appliquée aux relations intergroupes, en proposant une modélisation hiérarchisée des notions morales le sous-tendant.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bidet, Jennifer. "Les vacances au bled de descendants d'immigrés algériens : Trajectoires, pratiques, appartenance." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20100.
Full textFor at least thirty years now, descendants of North African immigration in France have been at the centre of scientific and political debates. Defining degrees and rhythms of integration or identifying forms of discrimination, sociological analysis of the descendants of migrants has generally analysed life practices and social trajectories from the perspective of the country of birth and residence. This work proposes an alternative perspective by describing and analysing the material links that are maintained with the country of parental origin through an apparently minor phenomenon: holidays trips to the country of birth of their parents – in this case, Algeria.This thesis explores questions of affiliation and feelings of belonging that are raised in these trips, taking into account the various social backgrounds and trajectories (social class, sex, age and generation, family status) of the descendants who participated. Affiliations are not merely questioned through declarations or symbolical links to the country of origins (such as language or religion), but also through the description and analysis of material practices around holidays trips in Algeria. This analysis of practices reveals different ways of maintaining relations with the country of origin, between roots tourism, consisting of finding one’s place in family or national history, and leisure tourism, in which affiliations are based on current social relationships with family and/or friends.This research is based mainly on qualitative methods (interviews and observations) implemented both in France (around the city of Lyon) and Algeria (specifically in the area of Setif, the main region of origin for Algerian families in Lyon). The description and analysis of present-day practices is completed by a longitudinal perspective on the evolutions of these holidays practices. These evolutions are analysed both from the point of view of the descendants and their families, and the point of view of the source state of emigration, Algeria
Amir, Misha. "«La nation n'est pas un concept vague, elle coule dans nos veines» : conscience historique et représentations de l'héritage canadien-français des mouvances identitaires québécoises." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67067.
Full textSoulier, Virginie. "Donner la parole aux autochtones : Quel est le potentiel de reconnaissance de l'exposition à plusieurs points de vue dans les musées ?" Thesis, Avignon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AVIG1129/document.
Full textCollaborations with aboriginal communities appear to be increasing in Canadian museums, with the communities shifting from speaking in a context of claiming theirrights to being given a voice in the museum context. In keeping with the questioning about ethnological museums, taking into account the voice of the aboriginal peoplesprefigures since the eighties the time for recognition. But the word recognition is used indiverse museum contexts.Based on a communicational approach, our research considers the links between thepolyphonic and recognition modalities of the exhibition media. We have attempted toidentify and understand the processes induced and generated by exhibitions’ interactionaland intertextual systems. The polyphonic system is conceptualized in three mediation moments in the production and reception spaces of the exhibition: acknowledgment, monstration, and interpretation of aboriginal points of view. They correspond to there cognition intentions of the exhibitions and designers-museographers, then visitors’recognition. We have conducted four field studies in eleven different Canadian museums : participant observation; one-on-one interviews with museum professionals; discourse analysis ; group interviews with native and non-native visitors. We have studied the collaborative practicesand these four types of museum discourses to demonstrate the recognition potential ofexhibitions dedicated to the aboriginals’ perspectives.Our research reveals several recognition modes manifest in the combination andinterlinking of aboriginals’ and practitioners’ voices; it identifies logic in the polysemy ofthe word recognition. This interpretation essay reveals patrimonial and socio-historical conflicts that generate regulation mechanisms through assimilation/accommodation. A permanent recognition phenomenon emerges from the adaptations implemented by themuseums since the beginning of aboriginal patrimonialization during the colonizationperiod. Our research proposes to apprehend the museum as a recognition place of heritage, but also of the general public and the peoples, whether donors or donees of that heritage
Buchmann, Willy. "Aspects de moyen et long termes dans la genèse et l'évolution des Troubles Musculo-Squelettiques au travail Une recherche dans l'industrie aéronautique." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878726.
Full textBonnot, Virginie. "Les mécanismes de (re)production des performances des femmes en mathématiques : l'influence du stéréotype d'incompétence." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20015.
Full textRodolfo, Renato Mesquita. "A Universidade (Federal) do Ceará entre o Benfica e a Gentilândia: espaços, lugares e memórias (1956-1967)." www.teses.ufc.br, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/13196.
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Este trabalho analisa a instalação da Universidade (Federal) do Ceará e o espaço ocupado por ela no Benfica e na Gentilândia, atentando para as relações espaciais e mnemônicas que implicaram nessa inserção. Desenvolvida no âmbito do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Patrimônio e Memória (GEPPM/UFC-Cnpq), a pesquisa toma como marco de ocupação desses espaços pela Universidade, fundada em 1954, a aquisição e posterior inauguração da atual sede da Reitoria em junho de 1956, no bairro Benfica. A partir desse ponto a instituição empreendeu uma política de expansão ao redor de sua sede administrativa imprimindo modificações que alteraram as dinâmicas do viver, do morar e do passar no bairro. Historicamente, o espaço ocupado pela Universidade fora marcado por fases distintas de ocupação e deslocamentos ditados pela experiência de modernização pela qual passava a cidade de Fortaleza. No contexto em que a Universidade se insere, alguns membros da elite que havia se fixado no Benfica, entre o final do século XIX e início do século XX, estavam se mudando para a Aldeota e Praia de Iracema, facilitando a inserção da instituição no bairro. Ao mesmo tempo que a Universidade do Ceará foi se expandindo e se apropriando de imóveis no Benfica, outras dinâmicas e sensibilidades operaram a nova configuração daquele espaço. As intervenções operadas pela referida instituição possibilitaram a formação de um novo referencial para o Benfica, o de bairro universitário. Esse referencial, por sua vez, baseou-se em memórias construídas junto às atividades universitárias, tendo em vista que essas ações foram impondo no bairro fixos e fluxos universitários. Buscou-se identificar, ao longo do presente trabalho, como esse referencial foi se formando e as implicações dessa formação na relação dos moradores com o bairro e com a Universidade, tendo em vista que as memórias desses sujeitos amparam-se também num contexto anterior à inserção dessa instituição e resistiram, em alguns casos, às imposições dela.
Ertzscheid, Olivier. "Les enjeux cognitifs et stylistiques de l'organisation hypertextuelle : le Lieu, Le Lien, Le Livre." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006260.
Full textDans notre premier chapitre, nous faisons d'abord un point sur les effets déjà mesurables de l'organisation hypertextuelle dans le rapport à l'écrit pour isoler les transformations cognitives occasionnées par ce nouveau support, pour isoler également la nouvelle organisation des structures traditionnelles de l'énonciation dans le processus de communication (rapports auteur-lecteur, agencements collectifs d'énonciation). Nous concluons par une typologie des nouveaux genres hypertextuels (liés notamment à l'utilisation de générateurs) et sur le statut littéraire de ces productions.
Notre second chapitre aborde les aspects plus « théoriques » de l'organisation hypertextuelle au travers de l'étude systématique de ses procédés de liaison. Après un état de l'art de la question, nous définissons une typologie englobante des liens hypertextuels prenant en compte leurs aspects informatiques, les structures rhétoriques et formelles qui les sous-tendent et les différents types de rapport entre ces « entités-liens » autorisant à qualifier différentes organisations hypertextuelles. Sur tous ces points, les propositions formulées dans ce travail devront permettre d'améliorer les pratiques de navigation et de réduire certains effets liés (surcharge cognitive, désorientation).
Notre troisième chapitre montre que ce que ces liens révèlent du fonctionnement de la pensée humaine (mode essentiellement associatif) est en train de changer la manière dont les systèmes et les organisations sociales se constituent et se développent, en mettant en place, de manière effective, des artefacts et de processus habituellement implicites et dont l'enjeu sera, pour le chercheur, d'accompagner le passage à l'explicite. Ce dernier chapitre s'appuie sur le dispositif expérimental FoRSIC et l'utilisation qu'il fait de différents types ontologiques, ce dernier étant caractéristique des ces nouveaux rapports au savoir que notre travail essaie de qualifier plus que de quantifier.
CÂMARA, Samara Amaral. "Práticas Educacionais Transmitidas e Produzidas na Capoeira Angola do Ceará: História, Saberes e Ritual." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/3510.
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Atualmente, a capoeira é tida como importante elemento da identidade cultural do Brasil, sendo pesquisada nas mais diversas áreas das ciências sociais e humanas, é recorte de essencial importância na formação da cultura brasileira. Dentre suas definições ela abriga o jogo, a luta, a dança, a brincadeira, como caracterizações de saberes necessários para a sua compreensão e prática. Assim, são objetivos do estudo: entender e descrever como se transmite e se produz saberes dentro de um grupo de capoeira angola, compreendendo para isso as práticas pedagógicas dos treinos, aulas e rodas, essa tida como ritual. Para tanto, a pesquisa está em grande parte fundamentada na observação participante do tipo etnográfico, tendo como base a etnografia clássica, devidamente adaptada para as necessidades da observação no Grupo de Capoeira Angola do Ceará, coordenado pelo Mestre Armando Leão. A memória e a oralidade, como suporte metodológico, são igualmente fundamentais na investigação da prática pedagógica na capoeira angola, possibilitando compreender o funcionamento do grupo e de suas raízes pertencentes a uma linhagem de mestres angoleiros e discípulos de Mestre Pastinha. A transmissão de conhecimento, com a pedagogia angoleira e a utilização da memória através das lembranças do Mestre Armando, em especial, irão compor parte do texto, no qual será abordada a experiência vivida na capoeira. É analisado em outra parte do texto o fenômeno ritual da capoeira angola, na qual é abordado a descrição da roda, sua estrutura e hierarquia, envolvendo o entendimento dos elementos que a constituem como ritual (pedagogia da liminaridade), tais como a música (cânticos e instrumentos) e as técnicas corporais dos golpes, esquivas e contragolpes, demonstrando o uso e a aplicação de uma pedagogia singular dentro desse momento. O espaço da roda é fundamental para a transmissão, produção e também socialização dos conhecimentos na capoeira angola
Actuellement, la capoeira est vue comme un élément important de l’identité culturelle brésilienne, voire comme centrale dans la formation culturelle brésilienne. D’ailleurs, de nombreuses recherches dans toutes les disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales lui sont consacrées. Dans ses nombreuses définitions, on retrouve le jeu, le combat, la dance et la plaisanterie comme des caractéristiques des savoirs nécessaires pour sa compréhension et sa pratique. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de comprendre et décrire comment se transmettent et se construisent les savoirs d’un groupe de capoeira angola, en incluant les pratiques pédagogiques des entrainements, cours et jeu (roda), ce dernier étant vu sous l’angle du rituel. À ces fins, la recherche est fondée sur la méthodologie ethnographique classique de l’observation participante adaptée aux nécessités de l’observation particulière du groupe étudié (Grupo de capoeira angola do Ceará) dirigé par le maître Armando Leão. La mémoire et l’oralité, en tant que supports méthodologiques, sont centraux dans cette étude de la pratique pédagogique de la capoeira angola, permettant la compréhension du fonctionnement du groupe et de ses racines appartenant à un lignage de maître de la capoeira angola disciples de maître Pastinha. La transmission de connaissance sera abordée sous l’angle de la pédagogie angoleira et du recours à la mémoire au travers des souvenirs du maître Armando qui constituerons une grande partie de ce texte, tout comme sera abordée l’expérience vécue par l’auteur dans le monde de la capoeira. Dans une autre partie du texte, une analyse du phénomène rituel de la capoeira angola est proposée par la description du jeu (“roda”), sa structure et hiérarchie, en insistant sur les éléments qui le constitue en tant que rituel (pédagogie de la liminarité) comme la musique (chants et instruments) et les techniques corporelles des mouvements (coups, esquives, contre-attaque) démontrant l’usage et l’application d’une pédagogie singulière à ce moment spécifique. L’espace de ce jeu (roda) est vue comme fondamental en ce qui concerne la transmission, la production et même la socialisation des connaissances dans la capoeira angola
Sulina, Bezerra Analucia. "La confrérie de Notre-Dame du Rosaire des Hommes Noirs de Quixeramobim (Ceará-Brésil) : identités et sociabilités." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20104/document.
Full textThe brotherhoods of Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Homens Pretos flourished in Brazil during the slavery period. They were of great interest for African people and their descendants. In spite of being characterized by the imposition of Catholic cults, these lay-led associations revealed as a means for group socialization and identity construction. In this way, such brotherhoods became a space through which black people could produce an alternative form of existence in the world. While at times they were led to accept the religion of their slavery masters, at times they embodied cultural symbols which connected them to the societies from which they had been removed. This ambiguity is perhaps one of the most visible features of this type of brotherhoods. I explore these issues in my study about the brotherhood of Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Homens Pretos, which was established by slaves of Angolan origin in Quixeramobim, in the back-lands of Ceará, Brazil, around the year of 1755. Throughout the period of two centuries, the idea of Angolan origin has not been claimed as a central idea in the foundation and continuity of this brotherhood. Yet, it emerges in the notion of group of origin. While doing an ethnographic description of the processes involved in the making of this brotherhood, here I also introduce the concept of identity. Through my dialog with the descendants of the old members of this association I attempt to recuperate the memory of its main form of sociability: the feast of Nossa Senhora do Rosário
Colomb, Cindy. "L’entretien cognitif sous influence : Du développement d’un protocole modifié à son étude en interaction avec trois variables sociales." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF20012.
Full textDespite many advances in analyzing physical evidence, and the development these past years of the forensic police, eyewitnesses’ testimonies remains decisive in the decisions of justice. Nevertheless, these testimonies are fallible. Numerous factors, at the crossroad of memory and/or cognitive processes and of social and/or sociocognitive processes, can impact them in an irreversible manner. In this context, we realized the seven experimentations presented in this dissertation. The aim was to understand better some variables responsible for the fragility of eyewitnesses’ accounts.More precisely, the first three studies presented in the first part of this work were dealing with an effective technique for interviewing eyewitnesses, called the Cognitive Interview. Our purpose was to develop and evaluate, in the lab and in the field, a modified version of Cognitive Interview, based on the principle of multiplication of the free recalls. However, in this dissertation, we chose to adopt a more dynamic and situational approach that the one encountered in the literature until now. Therefore, in a second part, we examined the efficacy of this protocol in interaction with three estimator variables, inseparable from the context of hearing witnesses, and which can in the real life strongly and negatively impact the quality of their accounts. These variables are: (a) the scripts shared by individuals about criminal events, (b) the talk between witnesses, and, (c) the stereotypes associated with witnesses through the social groups they belong to.Several results were shown. First, we confirmed the efficacy of a modified version of the Cognitive Interview (MCI). More precisely, a protocol composed of two free recallattempts, composed of the report all and the context reinstatement instructions, as well as a new technique designed to enhance memories, the guided peripheral focus, increased in all the studies the richness of participants’ recalls without impairing their accuracy. Its efficacy was shown in the lab and in the field. Moreover, this protocol includes the most effective cognitive instructions and omits the less beneficial. Then, in the second part, we confirmed that the scripts and the talk among witnesses have a detrimental impact on eyewitnesses’ testimonies. Some effects of the stereotypes linked to the group membership of the witness were also suggested. Finally, concerning the efficacy of the Cognitive Interview, and more precisely the modified protocol, some negative effects were observed in interaction with the three estimator variables considered. However, some interesting benefits of this protocol and of the cognitive instructions it includes were also shown.These results will be discussed in regards with the literature available today. Some applied recommendations will also be emitted
Pringault, Sarah. "Le sujet « Alzheimer » : de l’objet d’étude au sujet de l’inconscient." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20035.
Full textThis thesis aims to show that the diagnosis "Alzheimer" unjustly causes the rejection of the person and the foreclosure of the subject of the unconscious in our Western society. The place of the one who is diagnosed, evaluated, and also explained according to scientific theories is questioned through reference to a variety of disciplines, as well as psychopathological analysis of six clinical cases. I note the hypothesis that the "Alzheimer's" entity is based on a phenomenon of « pathologization » of old age, underpinned by economic and political logic and reflecting the biomedical model of our society. It leads to exclusion and stigma. I demonstrate cognitive and neuroscientific reductionism : the phenomena of the mind cannot be fully comprehended by objectivity while the clinic demonstrates the singularity and contingency at the origin of démentia’s manifestations. A psychoanalytic analysis of clinical cases allows us to hear a coherence - a fantasy logic - in the mnemonic changes, as well as the unconscious psychic processes constituting the subject and his reality, in changes in the relationship to time. Shifting from a scientific interpretation allows us to hear through these manifestations the fundamental questions of the subject and its symbolic determining. Against the exclusion, the stigmatization of our elders by the nosological entity "Alzheimer", wrongly regarded as "spiritless", olds in "deficit", it is an ethical necessity to agree in them to the whole subjective and human dimension to reassign them place and dignity