Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mémoire immédiate – Aspect physiologique'
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Guérard, Katherine. "Remise en question de la modularité en mémoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26299/26299.pdf.
Full textCouture, Mathieu. "Contribution des propriétés de l'effet de répétition de Hebb à la compréhension de la mémoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25505/25505.pdf.
Full textCellard, Caroline. "Examen de la mémoire à court terme et de l'attention sélective chez des individus en début d'évolution d'une psychose." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26682/26682.pdf.
Full textDrouin-Maziade, Christine. "Influence des processus motivationnels sur la mémoire de travail chez les enfants TDA/H avec ou sans anxiété comorbide." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26618/26618.pdf.
Full textPotvin, Olivier. "Fonctions de l'hippocampe et du subiculum dans la mémoire spatiale chez le rat." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25953/25953.pdf.
Full textLavoie, Philippe. "Effets du délai inter-essais et d'une tâche de calcul durant ce délai sur la discrimination d'intervalles temporels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44282.
Full textFay, Séverine. "Mémoire explicite et mémoire implicite : dissociations comportementales et électrophysiologiques." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR2004.
Full textGamache, Pierre-Luc. "Étude des propriétés temporelles de la mémoire du temps." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26503/26503.pdf.
Full textAl, Khidir Fuad. "La maladie d'Alzheimer et la mémoire émotionnelle." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT1805.
Full textChérif, Lobna. "Traitement d'ordre temporel en mémoire à court-terme et reproduction temporelle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57854.pdf.
Full textLefèbvre, Andrée-Anne. "À la recherche d'un endophénotype de la schizophrénie : étude des processus mnésiques chez les individus en début d'évolution d'une psychose et chez leurs parents non atteints." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20456.
Full textDoré, Marie-Claire. "Processus sous-tendant le fonctionnement de la mémoire épisodique chez les adolescents psychotiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/26021/26021.pdf.
Full textChérif, Lobna. "Encodage et reproduction d'intervalles de temps : interférence de traitement non temporel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43460.
Full textBarbeau, Emmanuel. "Implication du cortex périrhinal dans la mémoire de reconnaissance visuelle chez l'homme et diagnostic précoce de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20663.
Full textNeurofibrillary tangles, responsible for the early signs of Alzheimer's disease, have been shown to initially appear in a subregion of the perirhinal cortex. In the monkey, damage to the perirhinal cortex severely impairs performance on visual recognition memory tasks. The aim of our thesis was thus to evaluate impairment of visual recognition memory as a potential early diagnostic marker of AD. Using neuropsychology in brain lesioned patients and intracerebral electrophysiology in patients with epilepsy, we first conducted a series of study, which show that the perirhinal cortex is a critical region for visual recognition memory in humans as it is in the monkey. We present in a second section two studies that show that visual recognition memory is impaired, probably early, in Alzheimer's disease. Our studies support our initial hypothesis and lead us to reformulate it in the light of our recent findings
Watier, Christian. "Caractéristiques de la représentation mentale dans une tâche d'identification absolue." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/63872.
Full textUrbain, Charline. "Learning and memory consolidation processes in children and adults: a neurophysiological and neuropsychological investigation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209571.
Full textneurophysiological and neuropsychological investigation.
Sleep is a complex and active state of the brain, associated with essential functional changes
[1]. Accumulated evidence in the adult population indicates that sleep participates in the
consolidation of declarative (i.e. memory for facts and episodes) and procedural (i.e. skills
and habits) memory, allowing novel information to be integrated for the long term in cerebral
networks [2]. Whether sleep supports memory consolidation in children likewise and to the
same extent than in adults remains disputed. In this framework, I have developed
experiments aimed at investigating sleep-dependent consolidation processes both in children
and adults, using behavioral and neurophysiological techniques (magneto-encephalography
[MEG]; electro-encephalography [EEG]; functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI]). To
sum up, researches conducted during my PhD thesis have contributed to start unraveling
neurophysiological mechanisms participating in sleep-dependent consolidation processes.
On the one hand, I report that despite a lack of detectable behavioral differences, posttraining
sleep plays a role in reshaping the cerebral networks subtending implicit motor
sequence learning in adults [3]. I also showed using a motor adaptation task [4] that sleep
contributes to the consolidation of procedural memory in children [5]. On the other hand, I
have evidenced neuromagnetic correlates of learning novel semantic representations in
children [6-7], and is currently finalizing the analysis of the effect of a post-training nap on the
consolidation of these representations. Finally, I showed in epileptic children that interictal
epileptic discharges (IED) during sleep impairs declarative memory consolidation processes
[8-9], and that this phenomenon is reversible upon pharmacological treatment suppressing
IED. Altogether, these findings advocate the need to explore further memory consolidation
and its neurophysiological basis in children, both healthy and suffering from various brain
pathologies [10].
[1] Urbain C. Peigneux, P. & Schmitz R. Sleep and the Brain. (to appear). In The Oxford Handbook of
Sleep and Sleep Disorders. C. M. Morin and C. A. Espie (Eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, NY.
[2] Peigneux P. Schmitz R. & Urbain C. Sleep and Forgetting. In Forgetting. S. Della Sala (Ed.).
Psychology Press, Hove, UK. 2010. (pp. 165-184).
[3] Urbain C. Schmitz R. Schmidt C. Cleeremans A. Van Bogaert P. Maquet P. and Peigneux P.
(submitted). Neuroanatomical Sleep-Dependent Processing in the Probabilistic Serial Reaction Time
Task.
[4] Huber, R. Ghilardi, M.F. Massimini, M. And Tononi, G. Local sleep and learning. Nature, 2004,
430, 78-84.
[5] Urbain C. Houyoux E. Albouy G. Peigneux P. (in preparation). Sleep-dependent consolidation of
procedural learning in children.
[6] Urbain C. Schmitz R. Op De Beeck M. Bourguignon M. Galer S. X. De Tiège, Van Bogaert P.
and Peigneux P. (in preparation). How learning new meanings about novel objects modulates cerebral
activity in children: A MEG Study.
[7] Urbain C. Schmitz R. Bourguignon M. Op De Beeck M. Galer S, De Tiège X. Van Bogaert P.
Peigneux P. (2011). Learning and Fast-Mapping Meanings to Novel Object in Children: A MEG Study.
17th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping [HBM], 26-30 June 2011, Québec
City, Canada
[8] Urbain C. et al. Is sleep-related consolidation impaired in focal idiopathic epilepsies of childhood?
A pilot study, Epilepsy and Behavior, 2011, 22(2), 380-384.
[9] Van Bogaert P. Urbain C. Galer S. Ligot N. Peigneux P. and De Tiège X. Impact of focal
interictal epileptiform discharges on behaviour and cognition in children. Neurophysiologie
Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology, 2012, 42(1–2), 53-58.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Marques, Pereira Patricia. "Effets morphologiques et fonctionnels des RGTAs : analogues des héparanes sulfates,dans un modèle de lésion cholinergique septo-hippocampique chez le Rat adulte." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13196.
Full textThe first part of this work aimed at studying the effects of heparan sulfate analogs, RGTAs, in a partial immunotoxic lesion model of the cholinergic septo-hippocampal pathways. Our results showed that the partial lesion of the cholinergic neurons and of their hippocampal fibers induced a decrease of the muscarinic autoreceptors sensitivity and learning deficits (evaluated in the Hebb-Williams maze test). The learning set deficits were correlated with the cholinergic and GABAergic neurons death. RGTAs, which are able to cross the blood-brain-barrier, attenuated the cholinergic cell and fiber death and restored the muscarinic autoreceptor sensitivity. RGTAs also attenuated the GABAergic cell death occuring secondarily to a more extended cholinergic lesion. In the second part of this work, we studied the RGTAs effects on the development of intrahippocampal foetal septal cell grafts and the behavioural effects of these two treatments in an extended cholinergic lesion model. Our results showed that such an extensive lesion induced working-memory and learning-set deficits. Grafts, which appeared well integrated in the host tissue, tended to attenuate working memory deficits, but had no effects on learning-set performance. Unfortunately, no RGTAs effects were demonstrated on the development of the grafts or on the mnesic processes. Taken together, these results confirm that the cholinergic and also GABAergic components of the septo-hippocampal pathway are involved in memory processes. RGTAs appear to be a promising tool for neuroprotection in the central nervous system. However, the question of beneficial effects of RGTAs at a behavioural level remains to be addressed in other testing models
St-Charles, Bernier Catherine. "Étude de la mémoire de travail chez les enfants présentant un TDA/H : relations entre les capacités de manipulation et la symptomatologie clinique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26431/26431.pdf.
Full textDeweer, Bernard. "Contexte et oubli : contribution à l'étude de l'évocation mnésique chez l'animal." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112394.
Full textTurcotte, Josée. "Les effets du vieillissement normal sur l'apprentissage de séquences supérieures à l'empan." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43003.
Full textDrapeau, Elodie. "Contribution à l'étude de la neuroplasticité hippocampique : relations entre neurogénèse et apprentissage spatial." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21075.
Full textNeurogenesis occurs in discrete regions of the adult mammalian brain including the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. We have studied the mutual interactions between this neurogenesis and hippocampal-mediated spatial learning in young adult and aged rats and have shown that distinct phases of learning have different effects on neurogenesis. Conversely, by taking advantage of the existence of interindividual differences in spatial memory abilities observed in a population of aged rats, we shown that the cognitive status of aged rats is predictive of neurogenesis. These differences could be due to a deregulation of the corticotropic axis indeed, long term lowering of corticosterone secretion increases neurogenesis and prevents age-related cognitive impairments. These results renforce the assumption suggesting that neurogenesis is involved in memory processes and open new insights into the mechanisms by which neurogenesis can modulate normal and pathological behaviors
Fresquet, Nadine. "Analyse expérimentale des effets du vieillissement sur les capacités d'apprentissage et de mémoire à court terme chez la drosophile (Drosophila melanogaster)." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30131.
Full textJonin, Pierre-Yves. "Prior knowledge contribution to declarative learning : a study in amnesia, aging and Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30104.
Full textThe experimental study of human memory has had two historic moments in the last sixty years. 1957 marks the discovery of the role of the medial temporal lobes in conscious learning. 1997 marks the discovery of two systems of declarative memory, namely episodic and semantic memories. These major breakthroughs are owed to clinical case studies in neuropsychology. This thesis follows on from the neuropsychological tradition: its genesis owes everything to a patient suffering from an atypical form of developmental amnesia, the patient KA. The starting point of this work was a thorough neuropsychological study of this patient. Two striking findings shortly arose. First, despite lifelong amnesia, KA had acquired exceptional levels of knowledge about the world. Second, remaining explicit learning abilities were restricted to meaningful, not meaningless, memoranda. As a consequence, we have investigated two research pathways in that thesis. First, we aimed at better characterizing preserved learning abilities and brain structure of the patient KA. Second, our goal was to explore how prior knowledge affects new declarative learning or, put simply, how do we learn what we know? In a first series of behavioural and neuroimaging experiments, we have shown in this patient a severe and selective damage of the whole extended hippocampal system, but preserved subhippocampal structures (entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex). The patient suffers from severe episodic amnesia, but we bring striking evidence for supranormal semantic knowledge as well as normal explicit learning skills. These skills were, however, restricted to familiar stimuli, that is, stimuli carrying pre-experimental knowledge. In a second series of behavioural and neuroimaging experiments, we explored the hypothesis that prior knowledge can facilitate new learning in declarative memory, even in aging or in situations where structures of the medial temporal lobe are or injured, as in amnesia or Alzheimer's disease. Our results suggest the existence of processes allowing fast learning in declarative memory, independently of the hippocampal system, and that are sensitive to the presence of pre-existing representations in long-term memory. Such learning processes appear to be selectively affected by Alzheimer's disease at the pre-dementia stage, in relation to a lack of activation of subhippocampal regions. In contrast, healthy elderly were able to rely on these learning processes to compensate for the decline in associative memory associated with aging. This work lends support to the models postulating a functional dissociation with respect to learning in declarative memory. It indeed strengthens recent neurocognitive and computational accounts that suggest a rapid neocortical learning path under certain circumstances. It highlights the dynamics of learning in declarative memory and in particular the fundamental entanglement between "knowing" and "remembering". What I know profoundly impacts what I will remember. The present thesis points towards new cognitive tools for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. It further brings evidence that medial temporal lesions differentially impact learning depending on the status of the memoranda in long-term memory, which sheds a new light on material-specific effects in amnesia. Our work speaks for a thorough consideration of whether the contents of events have prior representations within long-term memory, and to further better characterize their nature if we are to better understand learning mechanisms. It also brings additional clues for a deeper understanding of how learning and memory can be preserved in aging. More generally, it contributes to a better understanding of the factors determining successful learning, with a focus on how retrieval and acquisition processes overlap during learning. Such findings have potential applications in the educational field
Lemer, Cathy. "Représentations langagières des nombres dans la résolution de calculs mentaux complexes: une approche par la mémoire à court-terme verbale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211747.
Full textDupret, David. "Etude des relations réciproques entre neurogénèse adulte et fonctions hippocampiques." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21431.
Full textThe dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal formation (HF) is one of the few regions where an ongoing neurogenesis persists throughout adulthood. So far, the functional implication of hippocampal newborn neurons remains misunderstood. My work aimed to examine the reciprocical relationship adult neurogenesis and hippocampal functions. In particular I examined : 1) the causal relationship between adult neurogenesis and both the physiology and pathophysiology of hippocampal functions and, 2) whether hippocampo-dependent spatial learning influences the different steps of neurogenesis. First, we developed an original transgenic approach allowing specific ablation of adult hippocampal precursors cells. We found that depleted adult neurogenesis impairs spatial relational memory and increases anxiety-like responses. We discussed the putative implication of hippocampal newborn neurons in information processing. Second, we found that adult neurogenesis is regulated by spatial learning. Indeed, learning in the water maze modulates the fate of new neurones by selecting them for either survival or death depending on their level of integration when performances are stabilized. More precisely, apoptotic removal of young newborn neurones is required for both the survival of older ones and the stabilization of spatial performances. Such a learning-dependent regulation of adult neurogenesis is discussed in the context of selective stabilisation. Overall, my work shows that adult neurogenesis is a unique example of structural plasticity involved in both the physiology and pathophysiology of hippocampal functions
Beauchamp, Miriam H. "Changements de flux sanguin cérébraux associés à l'apprentissage d'une habileté cognitive par l'entremise de la tâche de la tour de Londres." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/63181.
Full textRauchs, Géraldine. "Sommeil et consolidation mnésique chez le sujet sain et dans la maladie d'Alzheimer : neuropsychologie cognitive et imagerie cérébrale." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN1406.
Full textBlandin, Elise. "Rôle des sous-types cliniques versus un effet cumulatif dans l'explication des anomalies de la mémoire et de l'hippocampe chez le sujet déprimé." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066729/document.
Full textThrough its cerebral localization, its anatomical and functional connectivity, the hippocampus is involved in memory (coding and storing) and in emotion regulation. Cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus, new synaptic connections and the modulation of the efficiency of existing synaptic connections by the Long Term Potentiation and Long Term Depression, participate in memory function. Negative retro feedback that the hippocampus has on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis allows a regulation of the reaction of the organism to stress it undergoes. Depression can in fact be considered as a state of stress for the organism.Neuron progenitor proliferation and neuronal plasticity are essential characteristics of the hippocampus ‘functioning. The effect of antidepressant therapeutics, medicinal ones as well as electro convulsive therapy, underlies the importance of this characteristic.Concerning more precisely an endogenous subtype of depression, melancholia, numerous genetic factors have been found as being vulnerability factors. Traumatic events, especially during childhood, are at the origin of the expression of this vulnerability.Memory impairments are found inconstantly in relation to depression. The repetitive character of depression, which is pathology with a high rate of recurrence, could explain that these impairments are only found after several depressive episodes. This is a cumulative or quantitative hypothesis. Or, specificities linked to melancholia could make this subtype more neurotoxic and could explain that memory impairments would be linked to melancholia. This is a qualitative hypothesis.Willing to explore the influence of each of these hypotheses, but one of them requiring studying subjects with different lifetimes being depressed and different ages, we first studied the impact of age on memory impairment. Age is not an independent factor explaining worse memory recovery after a depressive episode once remaining symptoms and memory at baseline are controlled for.Studying the respective influence of the quantitative hypothesis and the qualitative hypothesis we found that the lifetime being depressed is correlated to delayed verbal memory impairment and size of the right hippocampus, whereas the score at scale of melancholia is not. However, lifetime being depressed and the rate of melancholia are correlated.Depression appears to be neurotoxic through a cumulative mechanism, each depressive episode being a stress for the organism with a hyper activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and a hyper secretion of cortisol. But taking into account the genetic vulnerability factors, which are linked to endogenous subtype of depression, and the kindling hypothesis with smaller and smaller stressful life events preceding a depressive episode, it could be the same subjects that both have depressive episodes with melancholic characteristics and depression with a high rate of recurrence. This is only a statistic correlation between lifetime being depressed and hippocampal atrophy, biological mechanisms explaining causality for this correlation are not yet known. Only a part of the subjects could be exposed to genetic vulnerability and high recurrence of the depressive episodes or depressive episodes could become melancholic after several recurrences. Further research on this topic is needed. Moreover, looking at the high cost of depression and the high influence of life conditions during childhood, maternal care and traumas, special attention must be payed to them
Gagliardi, Geoffroy. "Troubles positifs de la mémoire épisodique dans la maladie d'Alzheimer, du stade préclinique à la démence." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS541.
Full textAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology defined by the com- bination of progressive behavioral syndrome and specific brain damage. In recent decades, many therapeutic trials have been undertaken. Although some treatments can reduce the number of lesions or slow down cognitive development, no curative treatment has yet been developed. One of the main hypotheses of these failures is that treatments would be delivered too late, at a time when they would already have caused irreversible biological damage. Thus, a significant amount of research currently focuses on describing the preclinical stages of AD and determining the indicators (both behavioral and biological) that could predict a subsequent diagnosis. In this work, we try to establish cognitive measures that best describe this early stage in the evolution of AD. We focus particularly on memory, which is particularly involved in the phenotype of AD. A first part of this work focuses on post-diagnosis AD, highlighting the presence of links between memory errors and cognitive and biological aspects. In the second part, we demonstrate that these same relationships are present at a preclinical stage of the pathology, when patients present a subtle cognitive decline. Finally, our work highlights a link between the biological damage characteristic of AD and a lack of awareness of memory disorders
Rattat, Anne-Claire. "Le développement des conduites d'estimation du temps chez l'enfant : le rôle de la mémoire à long terme dans le cadre des modèles d'horloge interne." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20011.
Full textVandenberghe, Muriel. "Les processus d'apprentissage préservés dans l'amnésie: étude neuropsychologique et cognitive." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210585.
Full textGaëstel, Yann. "Troubles de l'orientation spatiale et troubles visuo-constructifs dans le vieillissement normal et la Maladie d'Alzheimer." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21285.
Full textWe studied impairments in spatial orientation and in visuo-constructive abilities in normal ageing and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Firstly, thanks to experimentations in a human-sized maze we investigated navigation deficits in AD. The patients were impaired in planning and unable to acquire a mental representation of their environment. Consequently, they were impaired in tasks requiring a mental manipulation but they could walk following a guided path. Secondly, we studied visuo-constructive impairments appearing in a cube and a clock drawing. Data were collected among two French population-based cohorts : Paquid and 3 City studies. Results evidence the occurence of some types of errors in non demented patients and some other types occuring more frequently in dementia. Knowing cognitive processes involved in these domains is necessary to develop compensatory strategies
De, Boutaud De Lavilléon Gaetan. "De la corrélation à la causalité : apports des interfaces cerveaux-machines sur l'étude des réactivations des cellules de lieu et des oscillations lentes du sommeil." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066708.
Full textSpatial memory is composed of an encoding phase during wakefulness, followed by a consolidation phase during sleep, corresponding to the replay of sequences of activation of hippocampal place cells observed during wake. Those reactivations occur during slow wave sleep, mostly during hippocampal high frequency oscillations, called sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs). Moreover, SPW-Rs occurrence is coordinated with others cortical rhythms (delta waves 2-4Hz and spindles 10-15Hz). Although this theoretical framework is widely accepted, it is only based on correlative studies. Moreover, in addition to memory consolidation, SPW-Rs and delta waves are also involved in sleep homeostasis. Finally, a fine description of the interactions between the two phenomena is still lacking. By using a newly designed brain machine interface, we associated spontaneous reactivations of a single place cell during sleep to intracranial rewarding stimulations. At awakening, mice went and stayed within the place field of the related neuron, demonstrating the possibility to create artificial memories during sleep. It also demonstrated the causal role of place cells on spatial navigation, and that they still convey spatial information during sleep supporting the existence of sleep reactivation. We also developed a second brain machine interface in order to manipulate delta waves during sleep. We showed that the occurrence of both SPW-Rs and delta waves decrease during sleep, even though their coordination was maintained. Finally, we identify a sub-population of cortical neurons potentially involved both in the generation of delta waves and their modulation by the homeostatic pressure of sleep
Belhaoues, Rachid. "La découverte de règles chez l'homme et la souris : étude chez des sujets sains et cérébro-lésés." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11022.
Full textLouvart, Hélène. "Études comportementales et neuroendocriniennes d'un modèle animal de l'état de stress post-traumatique : influence du stress prénatal." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-192.pdf.
Full textSilva, Moura Daniela. "Manifestations psychologiques de la mastocytose : identification, description, rôle des mécanismes de régulation émotionnelle et des facteurs biologiques." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H111/document.
Full textMastocytosis is defined as an excessive accumulation of mast cells in one or more organs or tissues. While in most cases the disease does not reduce life expectancy, it is associated with a disability often poorly known and poorly understood relate to the symptoms due to the release of mast cell mediators. Despite the importance of these neuropsychiatric manifestations, efforts focused on their understanding and their relationship to the disease has been put into the background. The aim of this thesis was to better know these neuropsychological disorders present in mastocytosis, including depression and attention deficit disorder and to investigate the relationship between these disorders and biological and emotional aspects as effect of an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase locking mast cells, the relationship between perceived stress, depression, and telomere length, and the links between depression and emotional regulation skills. Our results show that depression and memory disorders are common symptoms in mastocytosis. Attention impairment do not seem related to depression. Furthermore, depression is improved by masitinib treatment. Perceived stress in these patients is related to telomere length and tryptophan metabolism; in particular the activity of IDO is associated with neuropsychological disorders. These results open new perspectives in understanding the psychological symptoms associated with mastocytosis
Baudonnat, Mathieu. "Rôle des récompenses dans la sélection et l'utilisation de différentes formes de mémoire : interactions entre l'hippocampe et le striatum." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14392/document.
Full textThere are different forms of memory proceeded in human’s and animal’s brain. At least two major systems can be defined. A spatial/declarative form of memory relies on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and secondly, a more rigid, procedural/cued type of memory supported by striatal circuitry. Learning requires cooperative and/or competitive interactions between memory systems, depending on the nature of the task. It is well established that negative emotions and training modulate these interactions. However, little is known about the role of rewards on the selection and formation of these forms of memory.Using two versions (spatial or cue) of a Y-maze discrimination task, we show that drug reward, but not food reward, disrupts spatial learning while sparing the cued task. The spatial memory deficit relies on an decrease of CREB (cAMP Response Element Binding) activity within the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Inhibition of the PKA/CREB signalling pathway restored spatial learning, suggesting that striatal overactivation of this pathway is responsible for the spatial memory deficit. The cued learning strategy elicits a strong CREB activitiy within the dorsal striatum which is further increased by morphine injections. We propose that drug-induced activation of the DA reward system induces abnormal reverberating activity of the PKA/CREB signalling pathway within the dorsal striatum, eventually leading to a preferential use of a striatum-dependent strategy during a new ambiguous learning task, the water maze competition task.In conclusion, our results points to a key role of rewards in the modulation of learning systems. Furthermore, we provide evidence that drug-induced striatal hyperactivity may underlie the declarative memory deficit reported here. This mechanism could represent an important early step toward the development of addictive behaviors by promoting conditioning to the detriment more flexible forms of memory
Li, Tianyi. "Vision, mutlisensory integration and aging in an integrated computational model of spatial memory." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS612.
Full textAn ever growing body of neuroscientific data is becoming available from various animal species, including humans, due to technological advances in capturing brain signals and behavior linked with them. These increasing amounts of data, together with an unprecedented power and memory capacity of present day computers calls for large scale computational models with the objective of unifying, storing and analysing these data. Moreover, such models allow crosslinking computational studies from various domains and in various levels of neural hierarchy to provide a deeper understanding of neuronal mechanisms underlying various cognitive phenomena and their link with behavior. The objective of this thesis is to develop an integrated model of human behavior in the context of spatial orientation and its deterioration with age. The problem of spatial cognition is considered as a problem of combining external sensory cues coming from the environment and internal sensory cues coming from self-motion information, with the objective to build a mental representation of surrounding space. A large body of experimental research suggests that this representation is constructed within an intricate network of brain areas residing in the medial temporal lobe, with external sensory input arriving via a ``dorsal'' visual path originating in early visual areas and passing via the parietal cortex. Aging has been shown to strongly affect medial temporal lobe networks and associated memory-based behaviors, and in particular the creation of mental representations of space. In this thesis we develop an integrated neural network model of spatial memory by based on anatomical and functional experimental evidence of sensory information processing in the dorsal visual path and medial temporal lobe networks. We use this model to simulate a number of experiments linking human visual functions with spatial orientation behaviors, and propose how visual cues are combined with self-motion input during the construction of mental maps of space. We then test the hypothesis that aging exerts its deteriorating effects on spatial memory via acting on neuromodulatory action in the brain and is linked with reduced novelty processing in the medial temporal lobe. Overall, the work performed during this doctoral thesis provides a first step towards building an integrated computer platform for human behavior simulation and contributes to a better understanding of how spatial representations are built from sensory signals and are affected by aging
Le, Marec Nathalie. "Influence de l'irradiation précoce du cervelet aux rayons X sur l'apprentissage et la mémorisation chez le rat." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES030.
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