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Journal articles on the topic 'Memory – Cross-cultural studies'
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Harris, Richard Jackson, Lawrence M. Schoen, and Deana L. Hensley. "A Cross-Cultural Study of Story Memory." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 23, no. 2 (June 1992): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022192232001.
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Conway, Martin A., Qi Wang, Kazunori Hanyu, and Shamsul Haque. "A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Autobiographical Memory." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 36, no. 6 (November 2005): 739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022105280512.
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Ismatullina, V., I. Zakharov, E. Nikulchev, and S. Malykh. "Computerized tools in psychology: cross cultural and genetically informative studies of memory." ITM Web of Conferences 6 (2016): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20160603005.
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Čeněk, Jiří, and Šašinka Čeněk. "Cross-cultural differences in visual perception." Journal of Education Culture and Society 6, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20151.187.206.
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According to recent cross-cultural studies there exist culturally based differences between visual perception and the related cognitive processes (attention, memory). According to current research, East Asians and Westerners percieve and think about the world in very different ways. Westerners are inclined to attend to some focal object (a salient object within a perception field that is relatively big in size, fast moving, colourful) focusing on and analyzing its attributes. East Asians on the other hand are more likely to attend to a broad perceptual field, noticing relationships and changes. In this paper we want to describe the recent findings in the field and propose some directions for future research.
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Ji, Li-Jun, Norbert Schwarz, and Richard E. Nisbett. "Culture, Autobiographical Memory, and Behavioral Frequency Reports: Measurement Issues in Cross-Cultural Studies." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26, no. 5 (May 2000): 585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167200267006.
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Grossman, Heather E. "On Memory, Transmission and the Practice of Building in the Crusader Mediterranean." Medieval Encounters 18, no. 4-5 (2012): 481–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342121.
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Abstract Memory played a key role in the cross-cultural transmission of medieval architectural knowledge amongst patrons, designers, ateliers and audiences from different religious, cultural and architectural traditions. Two aspects of architectural memory are here posited as playing a role in the dissemination of architectural forms and styles: a “cultural memory” that evoked specific, earlier sites of ideological or other significance to patrons; and a “pragmatic memory” of learned, practical skills that was transmitted amongst masons themselves. These interlocking yet distinct aspects of memory in architecture are not unique to cross-cultural transmission, but they had particular impact when deployed by patrons and masons across physical or conceptual borders. Whether introduced by practical means or for associative reasons, new forms further moved across regions with artisans, who proffered (and learned) new modes of working while traveling. Examination of the Cistercian Monastery of Zaraka in Stymphalia, Greece and other churches of the thirteenth-century, post-Crusade Peloponnese and greater Eastern Mediterranean demonstrate how both aspects of architectural memory can be read in the physical architectural record. This methodology also re-inscribes masons into a history of the cross-cultural creative process, showing that builders were vital in the processes of transmitting and interpreting forms.
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Rodríguez, Danelly, Emmeline Ayers, Erica F. Weiss, and Joe Verghese. "Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Subjective Cognitive Complaints in a Diverse Primary Care Population." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 81, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201399.
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Background: Very few studies have explored the utility of subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) in primary care settings. Objective: We aim to investigate associations between SCCs (item-level), objective cognitive function (across domains and global), and mood in a diverse primary care population, including subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: We studied 199 (75.9%females; 57.8%Hispanics; 42.2%African Americans) older adults (mean age 72.5 years) with memory concerns at a primary care clinic. A five-item SCC questionnaire, and objective cognitive assessments, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Geriatric Depression Scale, were administered. Results: Logistic regression analyses showed associations between SCC score and depressive symptoms. A memory-specific (“memory worsening”) SCC predicted scores on the MoCA (p = 0.005) in Hispanics. Conclusion: SCCs are strongly linked to depressive symptoms in African Americans and Hispanics in a primary care setting; a specific type of SCC is related to global cognitive function in Hispanics.
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Torabian, Saba, Zhe Chen, Beth A. Ober, and Gregory K. Shenaut. "Analogical Retrieval of Folktales: A Cross-Cultural Approach." Journal of Cognition and Culture 17, no. 3-4 (October 6, 2017): 281–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340008.
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Abstract This cross-cultural study addressed how individuals retrieve and transfer naturally learned information (i.e., folktales) from long-term memory by analogy with a previously unencountered story, concept, or problem. American and Iranian participants read target stories constructed to be analogous to folktales either familiar or unfamiliar to their culture, all having high structural familiarity and either high or low surface similarity to the source folktales. Participants reported whether targets (analogues) reminded them of any specific folktale they had learned in the past; positive responses plus additional justification (i.e., the folktale’s name or its gist) were interpreted as successful analogical retrievals. The current experiment demonstrated a high overall rate of analogical retrieval for familiar folktales and essentially no retrieval for unfamiliar folktales. There was also reliably more retrieval for analogue stories having higher versus lower surface similarity to target folktales. The high salience of surface similarity was also revealed when participants rated retrieved folktales for similarity to the target. Personal familiarity with folktales increased the retrieval rate, but presenting the folktale’s name as a cue produced mixed effects on retrieval. In summary, individuals readily retrieved culturally familiar folktales from long-term memory when they encountered structurally similar analogues, but retrieval was modulated by surface similarity.
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Teng, Evelyn L., Kazuo Hasegawa, Akira Homma, Yukimuchi Imai, Eric Larson, Amy Graves, Keiko Sugimoto, et al. "The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI): A Practical Test for Cross-Cultural Epidemiological Studies of Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 6, no. 1 (March 1994): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610294001602.
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The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) has a score range of 0 to 100 and provides quantitative assessment on attention, concentration, orientation, short-term memory, long-term memory, language abilities, visual construction, list-generating fluency, abstraction, and judgment. Scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Modified Mini-Mental State Test, and the Hasegawa Dementia Screening Scale can also be estimated from subsets of the CASI items. Pilot testing conducted in Japan and in the United States has demonstrated its cross-cultural applicability and its usefulness in screening for dementia, in monitoring disease progression, and in providing profiles of cognitive impairment. Typical administration time is 15 to 20 minutes. Record form, manual, videotape of test administration, and quizzes to qualify potential users on the administration and scoring of the CASI are available upon request.
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Ortner, Jessica. "Memory between Locality and Mobility: Diaspora, Holocaust and Exile as Reflected in Contemporary German-Jewish Literature." Studia Liturgica 50, no. 1 (March 2020): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0039320720906543.
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Memory is not only a biological capability but also a social practice of constructing the past, which is carried out by social communities (e.g., the nation state, the family, and the church). Since the 1980s, memory studies has intertwined the concept of cultural memory with national narratives of the past that are to legitimize the connection between state, territory, and people. In the present time of growing migratory movements, memory studies has abandoned this “methodological nationalism” and turned its attention towards dynamic constructions of cultural memory. Indeed, memories cross national and cultural borderlines in various ways. The cultural memory of the Jewish people, ever since its beginning, has been defined by mobility. As the exile and forty years of wandering in the wilderness preceded the Conquest of Canaan and the building of the temple, the cultural memory of the Jewish people has always been based on the principle of extraterritoriality. The caesura of the Holocaust altered this ancient form of mobility into a superimposed rediasporization of the assimilated Jews that turned the eternal longing for Jerusalem into a secularized longing for the fatherland. This article presents examples of German-Jewish literature that is concerned with the intersection between the original diaspora memory, rediasporization and longing for a return to the fatherland. I will analyze literary writings by Barbara Honigmann and Vladimir Verlib that in a paradigmatic manner navigate between memory of the Holocaust, exile and the mythological past of Judaism, and negotiate the question of belonging to diverse territorial and mobile mnemonic communities.
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Kennedy, Rosanne. "Soul music dreaming:The Sapphires, the 1960s and transnational memory." Memory Studies 6, no. 3 (May 20, 2013): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698013485506.
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In memory studies, concepts of cosmopolitan, transnational and transcultural memory have been identified as a means of studying mnemonic symbols, cultural forms and cultural practices that cross national, ethnic and territorial borders. However, what do these concepts deliver for memory work that originates in an ‘off-centre’ location such as Australia, where outsiders often lack an understanding of the history and cultural codes? A recent Indigenous Australian film, The Sapphires, set in 1968, provides an opportunity to consider some of the claims that are made for the transnational travels of memory. The film tells the story of an Aboriginal girl group that travels to Vietnam to perform for the American troops. I discuss the mnemonic tropes and transcultural carriers of memory, particularly soul music, that enable this popular memory to circulate nationally and internationally. While global tropes and icons of the 1960s can be imported into Australia, and used to construct Australian cultural memory and identity, how effectively does cultural memory travel transnationally from Australia?
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Slyomovics, Susan. "MEMORY STUDIES: LEBANON AND ISRAEL/PALESTINE." International Journal of Middle East Studies 45, no. 3 (July 30, 2013): 589–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074381300055x.
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Why are humans fated to remember and forget? For Plato, it is because we are wounded by our memory of a previous existence, namely the Platonic “realm of ideas,” to which we forever long to return. In the social sciences, especially history and anthropology, burgeoning cross-disciplinary methodologies and approaches have emerged to study the ways in which humanity remembers and forgets; “cultural memory studies” and the “anthropology of memory” constitute a contemporary realm of ideas concerned with discursive contestations over memory and history. The books under review here, all of which relate to the study of collective memory in Lebanon or Israel/Palestine, have recourse to French theories, despite time lags due to delayed English translation. Foundational writers of a field loosely grouped under the rubric “memory studies” include French sociologist Maurice Halbwachs, whoseLes cadres sociaux de la mémoire(1925) and posthumously publishedLa mémoire collective(1950) both appeared in English in 1980, under confusingly similar titles. The English-language publication of Halbwachs’ corpus on the individual in relation to “collective memory” coincidentally corresponded with the American Psychiatric Association's 1980Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, in which categories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) extended collective memory into collectivetraumaticmemory, through the notion that “Post-traumatic disorder is fundamentally a disorder of memory.” Another seminal thinker in this field is Pierre Nora, especially the multivolume, multiauthored essays produced under his direction entitledLes Lieux de mémoire, which appeared in French between 1984 and 1992.
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Somerstein, Rachel. "Picturing the past: The Berlin Wall at 25." International Communication Gazette 79, no. 8 (May 18, 2017): 701–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048517707388.
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Although the mass media is an important tool that audiences rely on to learn about the past, the relationship among journalism, history, and memory is still underdeveloped; visual collective memory, like visual studies in other subfields, has received even less attention than written and textual representations of collective memory. To address that gap, this article uses a qualitative content analysis to assess how 15 newspapers commemorated the 25th anniversary of the Berlin Wall’s opening through photographs. Newspapers from countries that were capitalist and communist in 1989 are compared to identify the ways that different cultures ‘remember’ the same past. Five genres of images emerged: iconic photographs, memorials, metonymic and mythological portraits, metonymic relics, and images of resistance, though these genres were framed differently depending on a country’s political system in 1989. In comparing this cross-cultural collective memory, this study looks at what these visual commemorations reveal about cross-cultural anniversary practices, an area of memory studies that has received little attention.
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Bassnet, Susan. "Translation studies at a cross-roads." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 24, no. 1 (September 7, 2012): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.24.1.02bas.
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This article is an account of the personal journey of one writer, from her first encounters in the 1970s with fellow scholars sharing an interest in translation and a sense of frustration at the anti-translation prejudices of many colleagues working in literature or linguistics at that time. The article traces the gradual rise of translation studies as an important field in its own right, but raises questions about the present state of the discipline, arguing that as translation studies has become more established, so it is failing to challenge orthodoxies and risks being left behind by the more innovative and exciting research now emerging from within world literature, postcolonialism, and cultural memory studies. I suggest that translation studies has reached a cross-roads and needs to reach out to other disciplines, taking advantage of what is being hailed by some as a translational turn within the humanities in general.
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Demorest, Steven M., Steven J. Morrison, Vu Q. Nguyen, and Erin N. Bodnar. "The Influence of Contextual Cues on Cultural Bias in Music Memory." Music Perception 33, no. 5 (June 1, 2016): 590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2016.33.5.590.
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We have ample evidence of cultural bias influencing music cognition in a variety of ways including memory. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of various musical elements on Western-born listeners’ cross-cultural recognition memory performance. Specifically, we were interested in whether the enculturation effect found in previous studies would be observed when tuning, timbre, texture, and rhythm were equalized in the presentation of music from two different cultures. In addition we wanted to explore the possible influence of music preference on recognition memory performance. Listeners were randomly assigned to hear Western and Turkish music in one of three musical context conditions (full, monophonic, isochronous) and subsequently tested on their recognition memory. Results indicated that memory performance was superior for in-culture music regardless of contextual condition, with no significant correlation between preference and memory performance. This points to the statistical properties of pitch sequences as a possible source of culturally biased responses in music listening.
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Beller, Johannes, and Adina Wagner. "Loneliness and Health: The Moderating Effect of Cross-Cultural Individualism/Collectivism." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 10 (July 29, 2020): 1516–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264320943336.
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Objectives: The adverse health effects of loneliness are well documented, but less is known about cultural moderators of this relationship. Contributing to the literature, we examined whether cross-cultural differences in individualism moderate the effect of loneliness on health. Methods: We used population-based longitudinal data of 14 countries ( N = 40,797), as provided by the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe data. Multilevel regression analyses were employed. Moderating effects were analyzed for multiple health outcomes: activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, grip strength, life satisfaction, depression, memory performance, verbal fluency, and numeracy. Results: Cultural individualism significantly moderated the effect of loneliness on health regarding most health outcomes. In general, the effect of loneliness on health became stronger in less individualistic/more collectivistic countries. Discussion: Cultural individualism proved to be one important moderator of the loneliness–health relationship. As previous studies mostly used samples from highly individualistic countries, the current literature might severely underestimate the global public health burden of loneliness.
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Vorobyeva, O. V., and F. V. Nikolai. "POLITICS OF MEMORY, CHALLENGES TO IDENTITY AND STRATEGIES FOR OVERCOMING SOCIAL AND CULTURAL THREATS IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH-SPEAKING CULTURAL STUDIES." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 4(51) (2020): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2020-4-173-180.
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The article presents a brief overview of contemporary debates on the politics of memory in Russian and English-speaking cultural studies. In Russian studies, the focus is on the loss of national identity and the crisis of professional standards in historiography. The main bearers of memory are state institutions and the academic community of historians. From this point of view, the global neoliberal elites are contractors and bearers of threats to national identity, which can only be resisted by preserving established traditions and building binary oppositions of “our'” and “alien”. In English-speaking studies, the emphasis is predominantly on cross-cultural dialogue and interdisciplinary cooperation, which involves revision of the boundaries between history, anthropology, psychology and social research. The key memory carriers are individuals and (informal) cultural communities, which are always engaged and cannot follow the positivist criteria of scientific objectivity of the 19th century model. Contractors and bearers of threats here are the conservative nationalist institutions and states that restrict private practices of commemoration. Both these models prove to be limited and contain internal contradictions. This is especially true for the transcultural dialogue and maintenance of academic standards, which are impossible in the conditions of constructing “our” – “alien” opposition. In this respect, an important function of research on memory and culture as a whole can be a rethinking of the very binary nature of these oppositions and the rejection of alarmism, largely caused by the specifics of the modern (present day) temporal regime, which tries to completely control and subjugate both the past and the future.
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ANAN, NOBUKO, BISHNUPRIYA DUTT, JANELLE REINELT, and SHRINKHLA SAHAI. "Dossier: History, Memory, Event: A Working Archive." Theatre Research International 37, no. 2 (May 3, 2012): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883312000065.
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This dossier documents a research collaboration between members of the School of Art and Aesthetics at Jawaharlal Nehru University in Delhi, India, and members of the School of Theatre, Performance and Cultural Policy Studies at the University of Warwick, in Coventry, United Kingdom, between 2008 and 2010. This collaboration was dedicated to a cross-cultural inquiry into methods and topics of performance research that might serve to produce a robust international dialogue capable of approaching performance through multinational lines of inquiry. Participants chose a common topic (History, Memory, Event, and the Politics of Performance 1970–1990), and composed an archive of materials drawn from six nations which was analysed and interrogated by the group. The dossier offers examples from the archive and an account of the way the group processed these artefacts.
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Poplavskaya, Irina A., and Svetlana A. Pesotskaya. "“A History of Overcoming . . .” (Book Review: Geyn, F.F., Prusakov, M.V. & El’zesser, V.Ya. (2019) Nemtsy, Vyrosshie na Russkikh Pesnyakh [Germans Who Grew up on Russian Songs]. Tomsk: Tomsk Polytechnic University. 429 p.)." Imagologiya i komparativistika, no. 15 (2021): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/15/18.
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The article presents the history of a family of Russian Germans. The authors focus on the historical and cultural relations between Russia and Germany in the 18th–21st centuries, on the features of the literary human document, on the problems of new historicism, multiculturalism and the specifics of ancestral “places of memory”. The problem of hybrid identity is considered as the basis for fruitful cross-linguistic and cross-cultural contacts
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Dragićević-Šešić, Milena, and Milena Stefanović. "Organizational trauma – Types of organizational forgetting in the case of Belgrade theaters." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2017): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v12i2.13.
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Organizational memory studies (OMS) frame memory in a managerial mode, treating it as a data storage, limiting the scope from wider field of social memory studies. There is a lack of understanding about how the process of institutional forgetting works and how some memories stay a part of oral narratives and communicative social memory while they are omitted from the official memory represented by the official documents and events of remembering. Inspired by Paul Connerton’s article on the typology of forgetting we explore his typology in selected case studies of three public theaters located in Belgrade, focusing on remembering policy and practices investigating if a type of forgetting typical for a state/society/nation level is possible to be applied in the context of a cultural organization. We agree with Wessel and Moulds that developing common language and terminology would be important and beneficial for cross disciplinary dialogue. In this sense, the study shows how the typology of forgetting in societies can be applied and developed in the organizational memory studies and cultural management. The focus of the research is the dynamics of remembering and forgetting explored through analysis of the interaction between changing context, official institutional memories, and social communicative memories.
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Esposito, Karina. "Confederate Immigration to Brazil: A Cross-Cultural Approach to Reconstruction and Public History." Public History Review 22 (December 24, 2015): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v22i0.4780.
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Given the interconnectedness of the contemporary world, it is imperative that historians place their studies within a global context, connecting domestic and foreign events in order to offer a thorough picture of the past. As historians, we should aim at exploring transnational connections in our published research and incorporating the same methodologies in the classroom, as well as in the field of Public History. Cross-cultural collaboration and transnational studies are challenging, but exceptionally effective approaches to developing a comprehensive understanding of the past and connecting people to their history. Important recent scholarship has placed the American Civil War in a broad international and transnational context. This article argues for the importance of continuing this trend, pointing to a unique case study: the confederate migration to Brazil during and after the Civil War. This episode can help us understand the international impact of the War in the western hemisphere. These confederates attempted to preserve some aspects of their Southern society by migrating to Brazil, one of the remaining slaveholding societies in the hemisphere at the time. Moreover, the descendants that remained in Brazil have engaged in a unique process of remembering and commemorating their heritage over the years. Exploring this migration will enhance Civil War and Reconstruction historiography, as well as commemoration, heritage and memory studies.
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Kokou-Kpolou, Kossigan, Daniel Mbassa Menick, Charlemagne S. Moukouta, Lucy Baugnet, and Dzodzo E. Kpelly. "A Cross-Cultural Approach to Complicated Grief Reactions Among Togo–Western African Immigrants in Europe." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 48, no. 8 (July 24, 2017): 1247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022117721972.
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Many researchers have noted that bereavement is a major stress factor associated with the etiopathogeny of psychological disorders among immigrants, but until now, the grief reactions of these ethnic minorities have not been analyzed. This study aims to examine the impact of the migration trajectory (immigration status and duration) as well as the use of ritual support to cope with grief reactions in the context of migration. Fifty-four migrants and 20 refugees ( N = 74) in France and Belgium were surveyed regarding their experience of mourning a family member. The results showed that complicated grief is associated with the status and duration of immigration. A majority of refugees reported a deterioration of their social life when the duration of their immigration exceeded 10 years. Feeling guilty, dazed or stunned, loneliness, bitterness, numbness, and emptiness made up the spectrum of severe and persistent guilt reactions. Those who took part in bereavement rituals suffered less from feelings of guilt and despondency. Eldest siblings presented a very high rate of complicated grief. These findings were discussed using a psycho-cultural approach; they demonstrated that in the context of migration, grief reactions develop around the principle of debt, based on the parent–child relationship inextricably associated with a feeling of belonging to the ethnic group and collective memory.
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Geymonat, Ludovico V. "Drawing, Memory and Imagination in the Wolfenbüttel Musterbuch." Medieval Encounters 18, no. 4-5 (2012): 518–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342118.
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Abstract The Wolfenbüttel Musterbuch (Cod. Guelf. 61.2 Aug. 8°, fols. 75-94, Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel, Germany) is considered a crucial example of a medieval modelbook. The collection of drawings contained within its pages has long been identified as key evidence for the transmission of artistic motifs between Byzantium and western Europe in the thirteenth century. Offering an in-depth analysis of the drawings and the quire that contains them, the present article suggests that the drawings were made with the purpose of working through visual representations that the draftsman found intriguing and that he sketched in order to train his own hand, memory and imagination. This hypothesis challenges some of the assumptions behind the category of medieval modelbooks as a means of faithfully reproducing images so that they can be further copied in another context. If the main goal of the drawings in Wolfenbüttel was that of enriching the draftsman’s visual memory and exploring imaginative possibilities, their value as reproductions might have been marginal, but their role as means of cross-cultural encounter was decisive.
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GILLINGHAM, PAUL. "The Emperor of Ixcateopan: Fraud, Nationalism and Memory in Modern Mexico." Journal of Latin American Studies 37, no. 3 (July 29, 2005): 561–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x05009466.
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This article analyses the forgery and discovery of the purported tomb of Cuauhtémoc, the last Mexica emperor. An eclectic collection of contemporary sources outlines a subtle interplay between elites, cultural managers and peasants, who alternately collaborated and competed in manipulating the would-be invention. Groups traditionally undervalued in studies of nationalism, namely villagers and petty bureaucrats, went far beyond the mimesis of elites to significantly reshape parts of the national narrative. Their entrepreneurial success in manipulating nationalist symbols demonstrates that the instrumentalist use of the past is a cross-class activity.
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Saryusz-Wolska, Magdalena. "O źródłach pamięci miasta w nowoczesności." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 55, no. 4 (November 22, 2011): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2011.55.4.5.
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The analysis of urban experience of modernity developed simultaneously with the analysis of collective memory. Urban space is related with a palimpsest metaphor, which includes urban memory in the history of memory understood as a history of the media. In recent years the relationship between memory and a city is analyzed on the examples featuring multiculturalism and migration movements of the cities of the Central Europe, e.g. in the Vienna monograph ca. 1900 Das Gedächtnis der Städte (The Memory of the City) by Moritz Csaky. On the other hand, the media paradigm is used by Christine Boyer, who analyses visual manifestations of city memory in her book The City of Collective Memory. Juxtaposition of the two mutually complementing scientific attitudes invokes a need to postulate a deeper analysis of the role of popular culture and visuality in shaping the memory of cities, as well as conducting further studies on cross-country and transnational “cultural tangles”.
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Umanath, Sharda, and Dorthe Berntsen. "Some personal life events are more prominent than others: Younger and older adults agree on which life events matter most." Memory Studies 13, no. 4 (February 5, 2018): 551–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017754250.
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Some important life events are part of the cultural life script as expected transitional events with culturally sanctioned timing. However, not all personally important events align with the cultural life script, including some events that are widely experienced. Here, we ask whether there are specific characteristics that define the events that become part of a culture’s life script and what role life experience plays. In Experiment 1, younger adults rated life events on different measures tapping central event dimensions in autobiographical memory theories. Cross-culturally extremely frequent cultural life script events consistently received higher ratings than other commonly experienced life story events. Experiment 2 demonstrated that these findings did not interact with age. Both younger and older adults rated the extreme cultural life script events most highly. In addition, older adults rated all types of life events more highly than younger adults, suggesting a greater appreciation of life events overall.
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Jin, Hua, Ming-Yuan Zhang, Ouang-Ya Qu, Zheng-Yu Wang, David P. Salmon, Robert Katzman, Igor Grant, William T. Liu, and Elena S. H. Yu. "Cross-cultural studies of dementia: Use of a Chinese version of the Blessed-Roth Information-Memory-Concentration test in a Shanghai dementia survey." Psychology and Aging 4, no. 4 (1989): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.4.4.471.
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Rayner, Francesca. "Dehierarchizing Space: Performer-Audience Collaborations in Two Portuguese Performances of Shakespeare." Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 15, no. 30 (June 30, 2017): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mstap-2017-0003.
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This article addresses the key role of performance space in mediating between cultural locations. It discusses two Portuguese performances of Shakespeare where audiences were invited to become part of the performance and the ways in which this dehierarchization of the performance space framed a cross-cultural encounter between a globalized text and a localized performance context. In Teatro Oficina’s 2012 King Lear, both audience and performers sat around a large table in a production which reflected upon questions of individual and collective responsibility in Shakespearean tragedy and in the wider political sphere. In the middle of this performance space hung a large cube onto which the translated text was projected, setting up a spatial tension between text and performance that also foregrounded the translocation of the Shakespearean text to a Portuguese performance context. In Tiago Rodrigues’ 2013 By Heart, ten members of the audience were invited onstage to learn Shakespeare’s Sonnet 30 “by heart and not by brain.”1 In doing so, Rodrigues emphasized the cultural embeddedness of Shakespearean texts in a wider European cultural context and operated a subtle shift from texts to performance as a privileged repository for the cultural memory of Shakespeare. The article explores how these spatial shifts signaled the possibility of enabling cross-cultural identifications with Shakespeare through performance.
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Rosenqvist, Johanna, Pekka Lahti-Nuuttila, Cosimo Urgesi, James Holdnack, Sally L. Kemp, and Marja Laasonen. "Neurocognitive Functions in 3- to 15-Year-Old Children: An International Comparison." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 23, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617716001193.
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AbstractObjectives: Performance on neurocognitive tasks develops with age, but it is still unknown whether this performance differs between children from different cultures. We compared cross-sectionally the development of neurocognitive functions in 3- to 15-year-old children from three countries: Finland, Italy, and the United States (N=2745). Methods: Language, face memory, emotion recognition, theory of mind, and visuospatial processing subtests from the NEPSY-II standardizations in Finland, Italy, and the United States were used to evaluate if children and adolescents from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds differ in performance on these measures. Results: We found significant differences in performance on the tasks between the countries. Generally, the differences were more pronounced in the younger age groups. Some subtests showed greater country effects than others, performance on these subtests being higher, in general, in one country over the others, or showed different patterns of age associated changes in test performance. Conclusions: Significant differences in neurocognitive performance between children from Finland, Italy, and the United States were found. These findings may be due to cultural or educational differences that impact test performance, or due to factors associated with the adaptation of measures from one culture to another. The finding of performance differences across countries on similar tasks indicate that cross-cultural and background variables impact performance on neuropsychological measures. Therefore, clinicians need to consider a child’s cultural background when evaluating performance on neuropsychological assessments. The results also indicate that future cross-cultural studies are needed to further examine the underlying cultural factors that influence neurocognitive performance. (JINS, 2017, 23, 367–380)
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Pellicer-Ortín, Silvia. "Transitional Women in the Transnational Era: Female Voices through Art." European Review 26, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798717000357.
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This article supports the belief that transnational and glocal mechanisms have drastically affected identity and memory formation processes; thus, very diverse memories regarding complex episodes of migration or trauma are currently regarded as connected through multidirectional and cross-cultural patterns. Drawing on the fields of Trauma and Memory Studies, which consider the therapeutic role of art to represent and abreact troubled individual and collective experiences, the new hybrid identities born from this exchange and relationality have proved to demand new forms of representation. In particular, numerous groups of transitional women have recently fostered transnational engagements of womanhood through their creative works. Thus, some contemporary examples will be provided to show how art can be an empowering tool for contemporary transitional women to acquire a voice as well as a promoter of empathy for the modern glocal subject.
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Mejía Arango, Silvia, Rebeca Wong, and Alejandra Michaels-Obregón. "Normative and standardized data for cognitive measuresin the Mexican Health and Aging Study." Salud Pública de México 57 (January 8, 2015): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/spm.v57s1.7594.
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Objective. To describe the cognitive instrument used in the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) in Mexican individuals aged 60 and over and to provide normative values for the Cross Cultural Cognitive Examination test and its modified versions (CCCE). Materials and methods. The CCCE was administered to 5 120 subjects as part of a population-based sample free of neurologic and psychiatric disease from the MHAS 2012 survey. Normative data were generated by age and education for each test in the cognitive instrument as well as for the total cognition score. Pearson correlations and analysis of variance were used to examine the relationship of scores to demographic variables. Results. Results present standardized normed scores for eight cognitive domains: orientation, attention, verbal learning memory, verbal recall memory, visuospatial abilities, visual memory, executive function, and numeracy in three education groups within three age groups. Conclusion. These findings highlight the need for population-based norms for the CCCE, which has been used in population-based studies. Demographic factors such as age and education must be considered when interpreting the cognitive measures.
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ATHANASOPOULOS, PANOS. "Cognitive representation of colour in bilinguals: The case of Greek blues." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12, no. 1 (January 2009): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672890800388x.
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A number of recent studies demonstrate that bilinguals with languages that differ in grammatical and lexical categories may shift their cognitive representation of those categories towards that of monolingual speakers of their second language. The current paper extended that investigation to the domain of colour in Greek–English bilinguals with different levels of bilingualism, and English monolinguals. Greek differentiates the blue region of colour space into a darker shade calledbleand a lighter shade calledghalazio. Results showed a semantic shift of category prototypes with level of bilingualism and acculturation, while the way bilinguals judged the perceptual similarity between within- and cross-category stimulus pairs depended strongly on the availability of the relevant colour terms in semantic memory, and the amount of time spent in the L2-speaking country. These results suggest that cognition is tightly linked to semantic memory for specific linguistic categories, and to cultural immersion in the L2-speaking country.
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Franzen, Sanne, Esther van den Berg, Miriam Goudsmit, Caroline K. Jurgens, Lotte van de Wiel, Yuled Kalkisim, Özgül Uysal-Bozkir, Yavuz Ayhan, T. Rune Nielsen, and Janne M. Papma. "A Systematic Review of Neuropsychological Tests for the Assessment of Dementia in Non-Western, Low-Educated or Illiterate Populations." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 26, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719000894.
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AbstractObjective:Neuropsychological tests are important instruments to determine a cognitive profile, giving insight into the etiology of dementia; however, these tests cannot readily be used in culturally diverse, low-educated populations, due to their dependence upon (Western) culture, education, and literacy. In this review we aim to give an overview of studies investigating domain-specific cognitive tests used to assess dementia in non-Western, low-educated populations. The second aim was to examine the quality of these studies and of the adaptations for culturally, linguistically, and educationally diverse populations.Method:A systematic review was performed using six databases, without restrictions on the year or language of publication.Results:Forty-four studies were included, stemming mainly from Brazil, Hong Kong, Korea, and considering Hispanics/Latinos residing in the USA. Most studies focused on Alzheimer’s disease (n = 17) or unspecified dementia (n = 16). Memory (n = 18) was studied most often, using 14 different tests. The traditional Western tests in the domains of attention (n = 8) and construction (n = 15), were unsuitable for low-educated patients. There was little variety in instruments measuring executive functioning (two tests, n = 13), and language (n = 12, of which 10 were naming tests). Many studies did not report a thorough adaptation procedure (n = 39) or blinding procedures (n = 29).Conclusions:Various formats of memory tests seem suitable for low-educated, non-Western populations. Promising tasks in other cognitive domains are the Stick Design Test, Five Digit Test, and verbal fluency test. Further research is needed regarding cross-cultural instruments measuring executive functioning and language in low-educated people.
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Souza, Any Cleo, Valeriana de Castro Guimarães, Denise Sisterolli Diniz, Thomas H. Bak, and Sharon Abrahams. "Brazilian Portuguese translation and cross-cultural adaptation of Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Screen (ECAS)." Interação 21, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/inter-118-s211.
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Abstract: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the screening test Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS) for the Portuguese language of Brazil was carried out in this article. The adaptations were developed based on authors' guidelines and specific literature: translation; synthesis; back-translation and cross-cultural adaptation (technical review and semantic equivalence). The tests were adapted with the aid of a pilot group of 46 healthy individuals, mean age 52.6 ± 13.88 years and 13.8 ± 5.10 years of studies, 26 females and 20 males, randomly recruited among the caregivers of the patients of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil. After translation of all fifteen ECAS subtests, nine were adapted and six not gone through cross-cultural adaptation. In the Language-Naming subtest the fox figure (13.04% of errors) was replaced by the image of the alligator; 5 words (41.66%) of the Language-Spelling subtest were replaced. In the Executive-Alternation subtest, 11-K or 11-L was accepted as a response, provided the subsequent sequence was correct. A Verbal Fluency Index (IFV) table was established, with data from the pilot group, which will be the reference for the Brazilian version. The three subtests for memory evaluation (Immediate Recall, Delayed Recall and Delayed Recognition) are based on a story that has been adapted to Brazilian culture. The protocol has been translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and has undergone processes of content, verbal comprehension and semantic equivalence, being called Edimburgo - Rastreio Cognitivo-Comportamental em ELA (ECAS-BR). It is necessary to continue this study for external validity, equivalence of measurement and reproducibility.
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Power, Stephanie, Fiona E. Bogossian, Jenny Strong, and Roland Sussex. "The Elicited Verbal Pain Language of Childbirth: A Closer Look at Pain Assessment Through a Critical and Interpretive Review of the Literature." International Journal of Childbirth 6, no. 3 (2016): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.6.3.134.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide a critical and interpretive review of the literature to investigate examples of pain assessment tools used in a childbirth context. Through these examples of pain assessment, the concept of elicited verbal pain language is introduced and explored.METHODS:Electronic search strategies were used to identify primary research regarding maternal reports of pain (during labor, postpartum and retrospectively), which were captured by standardized pain assessment tools.FINDINGS:The review revealed the physiological (the sensory and affective dimensions of pain, the intensity of pain, and the influence of parity on pain perception), psychological (the influence of maternal attitude, mood, and memory on pain perception), and ethnocultural (the impact of the ethnocultural context on pain perception) components of the pain experience. The strengths and limitations of pain assessment tools are highlighted. There were similarities in the reviewed studies’ approaches to pain assessment despite the cross-cultural representation of birth. Possible implications for cross-cultural pain assessment and communication are outlined.CONCLUSION:The question remains regarding the appropriateness of implementing standardized pain assessment tools across birth context. An ongoing critique of pain assessment may inform the provision of better care overall for birthing women in multicultural societies.
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Mograbi, Daniel C., Cleusa P. Ferri, Ana L. Sosa, Robert Stewart, Jerson Laks, Richard Brown, and Robin G. Morris. "Unawareness of memory impairment in dementia: a population-based study." International Psychogeriatrics 24, no. 6 (January 17, 2012): 931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211002730.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Unawareness of cognitive deficit in people with dementia (PwD) has wide clinical implications, impacting on help-seeking behavior, treatment compliance, and patient safety. Most studies on unawareness among PwD have been conducted in small clinical samples. This study investigated the frequency of unawareness of memory impairment in dementia, exploring regional differences and sociodemographic and health status correlates in large population-based surveys.Methods: Community samples (total n = 15,022) from three world regions (Latin America, China, and India) were obtained using cross-sectional population-based surveys. Out of these, 897 (5.97%) PwD with memory impairment were identified using standardized interviews, diagnostic algorithms (DSM-IV or 10/66 criteria), and neuropsychological memory assessment. Unawareness of memory deficits was ascertained from the participants’ subjective report. The frequency of unawareness was calculated for each region and associations with demographic variables and health status were investigated using prevalence ratios and Poisson regressions.Results: Regional differences in frequency of unawareness were found, from 63% in China to 81% in India. Unawareness was associated with depression in China and Latin America, dementia severity in India and Latin America, and education and socioeconomic level in Latin America.Conclusions: Unawareness of memory impairment in PwD varies across international regions. Our data support the notion that unawareness should be seen not only as a common neurobiological feature of dementia, increasing with severity of dementia, but also as a phenomenon influenced by social and cultural factors.
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Timofeeva, Nadezhda Pavlovna, Yuliya Aleksandrovna Fokeeva, and Lidiya Arkadyevna Fedorchukova. "Cognitive processes development of future interpreters in the course of the professional training." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201981316.
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The paper deals with the specifics of interpretation skills development. The authors review the role of an interpreter in the act of communication, point out different aspects of interpretation, the success of which is determined by the ability for cross-cultural dialogue. As far as several sensory channels in the work of the interpreter are used, the necessity of special training of concentration, memory, thinking and oral skills and abilities is stated. Moreover the ways of cognitive processes development of future interpreters are described. It should be noted that a set of special exercises for cognitive processes perfection is given. The technique was tested during the training of third-year students studied interpreting. The paper contains a comparative analysis of results taken from diagnostics of both student groups training by the mentioned system of tasks and student groups training without this system. The studies carried out show that students training with special set of exercises focused on cognitive processes development demonstrate higher results. The data obtained can be used for further theoretical studies and for search of progressive methodical decisions.
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Duggan, Emily C., Lina Marcela Awakon, Cilia Carolina Loaiza, and Mauricio A. Garcia-Barrera. "Contributing Towards a Cultural Neuropsychology Assessment Decision-Making Framework: Comparison of WAIS-IV Norms from Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Spain, United States, and Canada." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 5 (October 6, 2018): 657–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acy074.
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AbstractObjectiveTest and normative data selection in cross-cultural neuropsychology remain a complex issue. Despite growing awareness, more studies and instruments are needed to adequately address the impact of cultural factors, such as quantity and quality of education. In this study, we examine the interpretive effects of applying six relevant WAIS-IV norms to a Colombian sample.MethodA sample of 305 highly educated Colombian corporate executives completed the WAIS-IV. Data were scored using norms from Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Spain, United States, and Canada and scores were compared using ANOVA. Additionally, a comparative sociodemographic framework was established to contextualize our sample to the standardization samples and populations of the six countries.ResultsColombian and Chilean norms yielded systematically similar FSIQ/Index scores (mean range = 117–121), while incrementally lower scores were found with norms from Mexico (–3–9 points), Spain (–3–11 points), USA (–8–13 points), and Canada (–11–18 points). Verbal scores differed, with highest scores obtained with Mexican and Spanish norms. Working memory and processing speed scores had the lowest score agreement across norms.ConclusionsAlthough the Chilean norms are more frequently used in Colombia, the recently developed Colombian norms appear optimal for our sample; the scores do not have meaningful differences with those obtained with Chilean norms and offer local population representation fidelity. Mexican, Spanish, US, and Canadian norms underestimated WAIS-IV scores and distorted the sample’s score distribution. Finally, verbal scores highlight potential education representation within Spanish and Mexican norms, while working memory and processing speed scores suggest cultural nuances likely captured within different norms.
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Demin, Mikhail A., and Evgeniya N. Benevalenskaya. "Problem of Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage in Practices of Public Organizations of the Altai Region (mid-1960s – 1991)." History 19, no. 1 (2020): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-1-112-124.
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Modern studies consider the memorial activity in the context of formation and development of civil society as an important factor of shaping public memory and building national, regional and local identity. The analyzes educational and commemorative practices of the departments of the All-Russian Society of Protection of Historical and Cultural Heritage, the All-Union Geographical Society and the Society “Knowledge” in Altai in 1965–1991. The study bases on application of cross-disciplinary approaches of the intellectual and modern local history. The authors conclude that activities of public associations for identification, studying, registration and popularization of historical landscape objects promoted ideas about the importance of preserving the historical and architectural space of region for collective memory and identity of regional community. Ruling elites supported mainly those social initiatives for protection of monuments which were aimed to promote the values and ideals of Soviet socialism. As a result the indifferent attitude of party and state institutions to protection of archaeological objects and heritage of the pre-revolutionary era, the lack of effective tools of influence on economic organizations and administrative structures by public organizations and the formalism in the work of the Society of Protection of Heritage did not allow to develop practical measures to preserve the archaeological sites and to stop the destruction of the original historical and architectural environment of cities and villages of the region.
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Peng-Li, Danni, Raymond C. K. Chan, Derek V. Byrne, and Qian Janice Wang. "The Effects of Ethnically Congruent Music on Eye Movements and Food Choice—A Cross-Cultural Comparison between Danish and Chinese Consumers." Foods 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2020): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081109.
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Musical fit refers to the congruence between music and attributes of a food or product in context, which can prime consumer behavior through semantic networks in memory. The vast majority of research on this topic dealing with musical fit in a cultural context has thus far been limited to monocultural groups in field studies, where uncontrolled confounds can potentially influence the study outcome. To overcome these limitations, and in order to explore the effects of ethnically congruent music on visual attention and food choice across cultures, the present study recruited 199 participants from China (n = 98) and Denmark (n = 101) for an in-laboratory food choice paradigm with eye-tracking data collection. For each culture group, the study used a between-subject design with half of the participants listening to only instrumental “Eastern” music and the other half only listening to instrumental “Western” music, while both groups engaged in a food choice task involving “Eastern” and “Western” food. Chi-square tests revealed a clear ethnic congruency effect between music and food choice across culture, whereby Eastern (vs. Western) food was chosen more during the Eastern music condition, and Western (vs. Eastern) food was chosen more in the Western music condition. Furthermore, results from a generalized linear mixed model suggested that Chinese participants fixated more on Western (vs. Eastern) food when Western music was played, whereas Danish participants fixated more on Eastern (vs. Western) food when Eastern music was played. Interestingly, no such priming effects were found when participants listened to music from their own culture, suggesting that music-evoked visual attention may be culturally dependent. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that ambient music can have a significant impact on consumers’ explicit and implicit behaviors, while at the same time highlighting the importance of culture-specific sensory marketing applications in the global food industry.
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Cardeira, Ana Mafalda, and Marta Frade. "The Vocational School of Sintra and Its Contribution to Heritage Education." Heritage 4, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 466–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4010028.
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This paper aims to share the experience acquired with students of the 3rd year (namely the 12th grade of the Portuguese educational system) at the Vocational School for the Recovery of Heritage of Sintra in the Course of Studies for Conservation and Restoration Assistants in the field of Plaster Restoration, in the classes of Work-Related Training and Analytical Methods of Examination and Laboratory Analysis, by carrying out theoretical-practical work and training in a work context specifically focused on Portuguese heritage, demonstrating how practical classes motivate students and prepare them for future professional work. This vocational course helps students to reflect and question themselves on the role of “looking” at heritage. Thus, its cross information, both interdisciplinary and from the historical-artistic context of the monument, will provide a better perspective over its materiality and its use. In situ learning awakens students to the reality of work. The notion that they are helping to maintain the memory of ancestors credits them and gives them confidence in their work. After presenting their Final Year Projects, they look at heritage with a more awakened vision. With this, they have the perception that they have contributed to the reconstruction of memory, their cultural heritage.
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Fux, Michal, and Amílcar Antonio Barreto. "Towards a Standard Model of the Cognitive Science of Nationalism – the Calendar." Journal of Cognition and Culture 20, no. 5 (December 11, 2020): 432–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340092.
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Abstract The Cognitive Science of Nationalistic Behavior (CSNB), presented in this paper, integrates the political sciences of nationalities as invented communities with an evolutionary cognitive analysis of social forms as products of the human mind. The framework is modeled after the Cognitive Science of Religion, where decades of cross-disciplinary work has generated standards, predictions, and data about the role of individual cognitive tendencies in shaping societies. We study the nationalistic calendar as a cultural attractor and draw on cue-based behavioral motivation and differential autobiographical memory systems to explain its appeal to the human mind. Calendrical elements are analyzed in the context of essentialist thought patterns and action representation systems. We conclude with the implications of calendrical thinking on the control of elites who aim to forge and reinforce national identities. This paper lays the groundwork for applying a similar approach to the study of other nationalistic elements.
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Xu, Mingwu, and Chuanmao Tian. "Exploring the traces of translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.63.1.02xu.
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Abstract Translation traces embrace a wide range of inheritance forms in cultural production practices. Pseudo-originals disclose a kind of literary creation pattern which is a partial or full cross-lingual plagiarism of a text by a predecessor or a contemporary from another language-culture. Well-known quotations in a foreign language are frequently employed by speakers or writers via impromptu translating or memory-based appropriation from an available translation. These translated quotations may well be imitated by text producers to derive a large number of variations in the target culture. Plagiarisms or borrowings are also seen in retranslations of great world classics. As two largely uncharted territories, indirect translation and back translation make translation traces too weak to be located. The inheritance of translation beliefs indicates various genealogies, such as husband-wife genealogy, father-daughter genealogy and so on. Research on the origins of translative memes, their morphology and typology of transmission as well as their mutative reasons may create a new area for Translation Studies.
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Stepanyan, К., Y. Gorshunov, and E. Gorshunova. "American presidents and politicians in rhyming slang." Philology at MGIMO 7, no. 2 (July 6, 2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2021-2-26-79-86.
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The article is aimed at identifying onomastic rhymes as part of rhyming slang and analyzing them from a socio-cultural perspective. They are built on the names of American celebrities from the world of politics and social activities and believed to be fixers of cultural and historical items that are of certain value from the point of view of culture-oriented linguistics, cross-cultural communication and the general study of culture. TThe research methods applied are determined by the purpose and objectives of the research and include a descriptive and a linguistic ones, the latter comprising context and definitional analysis, and also semantic interpretation. The rhymes are based on the names that have been widely represented in the media from the middle of the twentieth century to the present day, thus forming part of the modern cultural collective memory of the carriers of the English-speaking culture. The noted tendency of preferential creation of new rhymes, exploiting precedent onyms, became dominant in the development of rhyming slang at the turn of the century. The authors come to the conclusion that the rhymes illustrating the world of high politics have been added to the well-mastered and familiar onomastic rhymes, built on the names of celebrities from the world of cinema, pop music, popular culture and sports. The article brings to light the rhymes that have not yet been recorded in authoritative slang dictionaries. The research results can be of interest to the specialists working on the topics of intercultural communication, linguistic and cultural studies, cultural linguistics, political linguistics, euphemization, contrastive linguistics of the English and Russian languages.
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Stoicheva, Maria. "The Present of the Past: The Plurality of Competing Narratives in the EU Context." Journal of Human Values 26, no. 1 (January 2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685819890187.
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This article intends to review the relationship between European organization and diversity. Europe lives in the legacy of division of nation and ethnicity as its main source dating from the nineteenth century. Although a hyper-real Europe has emerged overcoming its deeply divided meaning, the memory of the dividing past lives in other guises. I intend to look at current lines of division (east and west, north and south, new and old, rich and poor), considered as critical fault lines in European identity formation, turning to the notion of narrative identity, which builds upon philosophical accounts of identity in terms of continuity of self and collective consciousness, thus upon the story of space-time which makes sense for the individual and for the cultural group. The focus is intended to be on the potential for cross-fitting of particular narratives and their embedding in wider narratives (political and cultural, including values), on the potential of imagining of European unity, on uniting chronicle cultures and restructuring the interaction of multiple identities on political as well as on ethical grounds. The approach is linked to perspectives from Judt, Berlin, Delanty, Garcia, Gilbert, Nikolaidis, Trenz and also refers to the so-called ‘narrative turn’ in European studies.
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Lima, Marcos Felipe Rodrigues de, and Luciano Grüdtner Buratto. "Norms for Familiarity, Concreteness, Valence, Arousal, Wordlikeness, and Recall Accuracy for Swahili–Portuguese Word Pairs." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402098852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020988524.
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Normative studies are common in cognitive psychology because they allow us to estimate with more precision the attributes of the stimuli used in empirical studies. The studies reported here had four aims. The first three aims were to obtain estimates for (a) familiarity, concreteness, valence, and arousal for a single set of words in Brazilian Portuguese; (b) wordlikeness (similarity to Portuguese) of a set of foreign words (Swahili); and (c) recall accuracy of Swahili–Portuguese word pairs in a multitrial learning task. The fourth aim was to investigate if any of the assessed measures predicts recall accuracy. One-hundred twenty-eight participants took part in one of the three studies. In Studies 1a and 1b, participants judged 80 Portuguese words for familiarity, concreteness, valence, and arousal and 80 corresponding Swahili words for wordlikeness; in Study 2, participants carried out three study–test cycles of a set of Swahili–Portuguese word pairs. Overall, word-attribute estimates were reliable ( rs = .94–.98) and participants’ responses had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .84–.98). Moreover, the relative difficulty of word pairs was retained across trials ( rs = .65–.88). Although different variables correlated with recall accuracy at different time points, multiple regressions indicate that none of the word-attribute variables predicted recall accuracy across trials. These norms may prove fruitful not only for Brazilian human memory researchers but also for international research teams, as it will enable the development of more controlled cross-cultural studies in this field.
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Boutrais, Jean. "The Fulani and Cattle Breeds: Crossbreeding and Heritage Strategies." Africa 77, no. 1 (February 2007): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2007.77.1.18.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines the tensions between memory, identity and livelihoods in the making and transformation of cultural patrimony among Fulani cattle keepers of West Africa. Two areas of cattle breeding are examined: the Grassfields of Cameroon and south-western Burkina Faso. Studies on Fulani livestock raising suggest that each group possesses a particular cattle breed that has not changed with time. While the Fulani are thought to be conservative pastoralists, their livestock management practices suggest otherwise. They cross and change cattle breeds in order to adapt to new ecological or socio-political conditions. These strategies of adaptation and adjustment of cattle seem to be in opposition to strategies of heritage conservation. The relationship between Fulani pastoralists and their cattle breeds shows that an animal patrimony is a social product that is susceptible to being reworked. Fulani cattle breeding shows that new crossbreeds can result in the construction of a new heritage over the medium and long term as long as it is transmitted from the present to the next generation and preserved for a period of time.
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Ferreira-Meyers, Karen. "BRÉZEAULT (Éloïse), JOHNSON L. (Erica), eds., Memory as Colonial Capital : Cross-cultural Encounters in French and English. Basingstoke : Springer Nature, Palgrave Macmillan, coll. Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies, 2017, 201 p. – ISBN 978-3-319-50576-3, ISBN 978-3-319-50577-0." Études littéraires africaines, no. 45 (2018): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051628ar.
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Brumana, R., P. Condoleo, A. Grimoldi, and M. Previtali. "TOWARDS A SEMANTIC BASED HUB PLATFORM OF VAULTED SYSTEMS: HBIM MEETS A GEODB." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-301-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the last years many efforts have been invested in the cultural heritage digitization: surveying, modelling, diagnostic analysis and historic data collection. Nowadays, this effort is finalized in many cases towards the Historical Building Information Modelling. The number of informative models testifying the multifaceted richness and unicity of the architectural heritage and its components is progressively increasing. Information and Model are generally acquired under researches and analysis phases addressed to the preservation and restoration process. Unfortunately, once concluded the research such documentation is mostly left abandoned in the drawers or in the local memory of the computers, and in some cases totally missed. Just a few of them are saved in a server or in the cloud for the duration of the restoration, but without any connection with the maintenance process of historic architectures or knowledge transfer purposes and dissemination. This data loss would lead to the breaking of the cycle of past, present and future, with loss of memory and knowledge. The paper start facing the aspect of managing the information and models acquired on the case of vaulted systems. Information is collected within a semantic based hub platform to perform cross co-relation at a PanEuropean level. Such functionality allows to reconstruct the rich history of the construction techniques and skilled workers across Europe, enriched by 3 case studies surveyed in Prague region. To this purpose a Vault DB has been undertaken with a Vocabulary enriched by the granular information gained from the HBIM models, and with the vault sub-typologies highlighted by a detailed surveying.</p>
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Thaipisuttikul, Papan, Pitchayawadee Chittaropas, Pattaraporn Wisajun, and Sudawan Jullagate. "Development and validation of a screening instrument for cognitive fluctuation in patients with neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies (NCDLB): the Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version." General Psychiatry 31, no. 1 (August 21, 2018): e000001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2018-000001.
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BackgroundPrevalence of neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies (NCDLB) is low in Asian populations, which may partially reflect its diagnostic difficulty. The Mayo Fluctuations Scale, a short questionnaire that evaluates cognitive fluctuation, has been shown to significantly differentiate NCDLB from Alzheimer’s disease.AimThis study aimed to develop the Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version and assess its validity to screen NCDLB in an elderly population.MethodsThe Mayo Fluctuations Scale was translated into Thai. The process involved back-translation, cross-cultural adaptation, field testing of the prefinal version, as well as final adjustments. From all patients attending the Psychiatric and Memory Clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital, 135 patients accompanied by their primary caregivers were included. Caregivers were interviewed by research assistants using a four-item scale, and psychiatrists determined patients’ diagnosis based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)-5 criteria. Evaluations performed by psychiatrists and research assistants were blinded.Results Seventeen participants had been diagnosed with major NCDLB. At a cut-off score of 2 or over, the Mayo Fluctuations Scale exhibited excellent performance to differentiate major NCDLB from other major neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), with a sensitivity of 94.1% and a specificity of 71.4%, and acceptable performance to differentiate mild NCDLB from other mild NCDs, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 93.1%.ConclusionThe Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version is an excellent screening tool for major NCDLB and an acceptable tool that may be used with other additional tests for mild NCDLB. The tool is practical for use in memory and psychiatric clinics. Further validation studies in participants with other specific clinical conditions are required.