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1

Rees, Laura M. (Laura Marie) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The test of memory malingering; simulation studies and clinical validation." Ottawa, 1996.

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2

Greub, Becca L. "The Validity of the Letter Memory Test as a Measure of Memory Malingering: Robustness to Coaching." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108042793.

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3

Gast, Julianne. "The performance of juvenile delinquents on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM)." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1386599469.

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4

Tardif, Hilarie P. "Electrophysiological and behavioural indices of simulated recognition memory impairment." Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20040917.144100/index.html.

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5

McClain, Maryellen Chute Douglas L. "Trends in symptom validity, memory and psychological test performance as functions of time and malingering rating /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/380.

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6

Reese, Caitlin S. "The Implicit Artificial Grammar Task: Preliminary Evaluation of its Potential for Detection of Noncredible Effort/Malingering." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1406763394.

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7

Humphrey, Nicole. "The Performance of Individuals with Intellectual Disability on the Test of Memory Malingering and the b Test." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1559860686097716.

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8

Larsen, James Douglas. "fMRI Evidence of Group Differences on the Word Memory Test in a Sample of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1830.

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The Word Memory Test (WMT) is a popular effort test that requires participants to memorize lists of paired words and repeat them back in a variety of different memory tasks. Four brain injured patients participated in two trials of the delayed recall (DR) portion of the WMT while undergoing fMRI scanning. In the first trial subjects put forth full effort, and during the second trial subjects were instructed to simulate increased memory impairment in order to represent poor effort. fMRI activation from both trials were compared in order to contrast full and simulated poor effort activation patterns during the WMT. Raw scores from full effort and simulated poor effort trials were compared to a control group to test the hypothesis that a brain injured population will score lower than a healthy population on the WMT while putting forth full effort. Raw score results showed lower WMT scores for TBI group. fMRI results showed larger between-group differences than between-condition differences, suggesting that the WMT is sensitive to TBI.
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9

Rudman, Natalie. "The validity of effort tests in working age dementia and a review of the clinical validity of the test of memory malingering." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485940.

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Tests to detect suboptimal effort during neuropsychological assessment are becoming widely used in clinical practice based on their reported insensitivity to cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to examine the performance of individuals with working age dementia on six tests of effort, the MSVT, NV-MSVT, TOMM, Rey 15, Rey Dot Counting and Coin in the Hand, in order to determine whether cognitive functioning adversely influences test performance. 42 participants who received a diagnosis of dementia before the age of65 completed measures of emotional and cognitive functioning and six effort tests. The results demonstrate that cognitive functioning, in particular the domain ofNew Learning, is significantly related to effort test performance. Participants with mild dementia performed significantly better on all six effort tests than those classified as having moderate/severe dem<:ntia. The results also suggest that the six effort tests are not equally sensitive to cognitive dysfunction. Rey's Dot Counting Te~t was the only effort test to be passed by all participants using the timing criterion, and therefore the only test that can be recommended for use in this population at this time until further validation studies are undertaken.
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Fernandes, Susete Pereira. "Test of memory malingering (TOMM): estudos de validação em adultos idosos com declínio cognitivo ligeiro." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/15764.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia da Educação, Desenvolvimento e Aconselhamento
Tendo como base teórica a teoria da “aceitação-rejeição parental” (PARTheory) de Rohner (2004), a presente investigação procurou analisar a relação entre o rendimento escolar, a aceitação / rejeição parental percepcionada e o ajustamento psicológico dos pré-adolescentes. A amostra é constituída por 81 sujeitos com idades compreendidas entre os 9 e os 13 anos de idade, a frequentar o 5.º e 6.º ano de escolaridade da Escola Básica do 2º e 3º Ciclo de S. Silvestre, durante o ano lectivo 2009/2010. Foram administradas três escalas em processo de adaptação para a população portuguesa: as escalas Percepção da Atitude do Pai (PAP) e Percepção da Atitude da Mãe (PAM) (versões portuguesas da Child – PARQ – Father/Mother de Rohner, 2005 - Franco-Borges & Vaz-Rebelo, 2009a,b) e o Questionário da Avaliação da Personalidade (QAP) (versão portuguesa da Child – PAQ de Rohner 2004 - Franco-Borges & Vaz-Rebelo, 2009c). Os dados obtidos suportam a relação entre a percepção da rejeição materna e paterna e o desajustamento psicológico. No entanto, não se verificou uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre o rendimento escolar e o desajustamento psicológico, nem entre o rendimento escolar e a rejeição parental.
Based on the theory of “parental acceptance-rejection” (PARTheory) of Rohner (2004), this study aims to analyze the relationship between preadolescents´ school performance, parental acceptance-rejection and psycological adjustment. The research was carried out with is a sample of 81 youths, aged between 9 and 13 years old, attending the 5th and 6th year in S.Silvestre Primary School, throughout the school period of 2009-2010. Three scales in process of adaptation to Portuguese population were administered: Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire - Child PARQ – Father/Mother Version (Portuguese adaptations - Franco-Borges & Vaz-Rebelo, 2009a,b); Personality Assesment Questionnaire - Child PAQ (Portuguese adaptation - Franco-Borges & Vaz-Rebelo, 2009c). All the information obtained support the correlation between parental rejection and psychological adjustment. However, there wasn´t found any significant associations neither between school performance and personal adjustment nor between school performance and parental rejection.
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11

Jesus, Sara Adriana Silva de. "Desempenho cognitivo não credível no declínio cognitivo ligeiro: estudos com o Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) e o Rey-15Item Memory Test (Rey15-IMT)." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/25372.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Psicogerontologia Clínica, apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra.
A validade dos resultados nos testes de avaliação neuropsicológica depende da cooperação e esforço da pessoa examinada. Os estilos de resposta designados por esforço insuficiente, exagero de sintomas ou desempenho cognitivo não credível são importantes para interpretar os desempenhos deficitários nos testes neuropsicológicos e não têm sido estudados, de modo consistente, no Declínio Cognitivo Ligeiro (DCL). Objectivos: Caracterizar e analisar o desempenho em duas medidas de desempenho cognitivo não credível (TOMM e Rey 15-IMT) numa amostra com DCL. Metodologia: A validade dos resultados no TOMM e no Rey 15-IMT e a sua relação com resultados noutros testes foi examinada num grupo de DCL, avaliado com o seguinte protocolo: MMSE, MoCA, ADAS-Cog, GDS-30, CDR, SMC, DAD e Blessed. Resultados: Foram avaliados 58 sujeitos, 56,9% do sexo feminino, com uma média de idade de 73,40 anos e 5,97 anos de média de escolaridade. Os resultados no TOMM foram os seguintes: Ensaio 1 [M=45,26; dp=4,302]; Ensaio 2 [M=48,684; dp=2,752] e Ensaio de Retenção [M=48,88;dp=2,596]. No Rey 15-IMT os sujeitos obtiveram as seguintes pontuações: Evocação Imediata [M=8,30; dp=3,874]; Reconhecimento [M=9,30; dp=3,312] e Pontuação Combinada [M=15,33; dp=7,323]. Não foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre o TOMM e os testes de rastreio cognitivo, nem com a idade e escolaridade; apenas os Ensaios 1 e de Retenção apresentaram correlações moderadas com a ADAS-Cog. No Rey 15-IMT foram identificadas correlações moderadas entre os vários parâmetros de interpretação, os três testes cognitivos (MMSE, MoCA, ADAS-Cog) e a escolaridade; a idade apenas se correlacionou com a pontuação combinada. Conclusões: Os resultados apontam para a superioridade do TOMM na detecção do desempenho cognitivo não credível no DCL, considerando os pontos de corte descritos na literatura, uma vez que os desempenhos neste teste não parecem ser influenciados por variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, escolaridade ou género) ou pela presença de défice cognitivo ligeiro.
The validity of the test results of neuropsychological assessment depends on the cooperation and effort of the person examined. The response styles called insufficient effort, exaggeration of symptoms or noncredible cognitive performance are important for interpreting the performance deficits on neuropsychological tests and have not been consistently studied in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Objectives: Characterize and analyze the performance of people diagnosed with MCI in two measures of noncredible cognitive performance (TOMM and Rey 15-IMT) seeking to identify the utility of the cutoff points defined for these measures. Methodology: The validity of the results in TOMM and Rey 15-IMT and its relationship with other test results, were examined in a group of subjects diagnosed with MCI, assessed with the following protocol: MMSE, MoCA, ADAS-Cog, GDS-30, CDR, SMC, DAD and Blessed. Results: We evaluated 58 subjects, 56.9% female, with a mean age of 73.40 years and 5.97 years of education. The results on the TOMM were: Essay 1 [M = 45.26, SD = 4.302], Essay 2 [M = 48.684, SD = 2.752] and Retention Essay [M = 48.88, SD = 2.596]. Results on the Rey 15-IMT were the following: Immediate Recall [M = 8.30, SD = 3.874]; Recognition [M = 9.30, SD = 3.312] and Combined Score [M = 15.33, SD = 7.323]. We did not find any significant correlations between the TOMM and cognitive screening (MMSE and MoCA), or with age and education; only Essay 1 and Retention showed moderate correlations with the ADAS-Cog. As for Rey 15-IMT, we found moderate correlations between all scoring modalities and the three cognitive tests and education; age was only significantly correlated with the Combined Score. Conclusions: The results point towards the superiority of the TOMM in the detection of noncredible cognitive performance in MCI when we consider cut-off scores suggested in the literature. The performance on this test does not appear to be influenced by demographic variables (age, education or gender) or by the presence of MCI.
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12

"Development of a test battery for assessing memory malingering in Hong Kong and its application on depressed patients." Thesis, 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074256.

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The present study attempted to incorporate several tests that had specific indices for identifying memory malingering into a battery for the assessment of memory malingering. Two measures, a famous faces test and a subjective memory questionnaire were constructed originally by the author. These measures were pilot-tested on a group of demented community geriatric participants (n=10) and control geriatric participants (n = 12). Three indices indicative of memory malingering in Hong Kong List Learning Test (HKLLT) were explored. The indices of the HKLLT, the two new measures and the Test of Memory Malingering were incorporated into a battery for detection of memory malingering. Using an analogue design, the battery was tested on a group of community participants (N = 58) who were randomized into two conditions, simulated malingering (SM) condition (n = 25, one was excluded because of non-compliance to experimental instructions) and true effort (TE) condition (n = 32). Participants in the SM group were given instruction to exaggerate memory complaints after a hypothetical head injury while the TE condition instructed participants to do his/her best. The subjects were tested on 6 measures of the battery and 2 other tests. A manipulation check was also completed. The results indicated significant difference between the two conditions on all the measures. The cut-off scores of the measures attained sensitivity from .4 to .84 and specificity of .9 to 1. Using discriminant analysis, the overall hit rate was 93% and using logistic regression, the overall hit rate was 98%. The measures were then tested on a group of depressed patients (N = 39) who were randomized into SM (n = 19) and TE condition (n = 20). Manipulation check indicated that about 80% of depressed participants of SM group were unable to comply with malingering instruction. Analysis was then done to compare the performance of community SM sample (n = 25) with community TE sample (n = 32) and depressed TE sample (n = 20). Results found significant difference between simulated malingering and control and depressed sample respectively. No significant difference was found between community control and depressed sample. Using the cut-off scores obtained from the normal sample, specificity of depressed sample on 3 measures was lowered. Using discriminant analysis and logistic regression, two-group classification (simulated malingering and non-simulated malingering) reached an overall hit rate of 92% and 94% respectively. Using 4 indictors of the battery achieved sensitivity of 68%, specificity of 100 % in normal control and 100% in depressed sample. The effect of depression, base rate of malingering in affecting the classification, the issue of use of simulation in research design and future research direction was discussed.
Chang Suk Yi Sonia.
"July 2006."
Adviser: Agnes Chan.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1919.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-179).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.
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13

Lopes, Ana Beatriz Confraria César. "Rey 15 – Item Memory Test (Rey 15-IMT) e Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM): Contributos para os estudos de validação e normalização para a população portuguesa de jovens adultos e adultos." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83982.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação
Introdução: A presente dissertação tem como princípio basilar o contributo para os estudos de validação e de normalização do Rey 15 – Item Memory Test (Rey 15-IMT) e do Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) para a população de jovens adultos e adultos portugueses. Prossegue e alarga, deste modo, um conjunto de investigações prévias no âmbito do projeto “Validação de provas de memória e inventários de avaliação funcional e da qualidade de vida”.Método: A amostra de conveniência foi recolhida na comunidade, em Portugal continental, sendo que os critérios de inclusão estabeleceram o recrutamento de participantes com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 39 anos, que tivessem o português como língua materna, com pelo menos um ano de escolaridade, sem défice cognitivo significativo, nem sintomatologia depressiva grave. Após a obtenção do Consentimento Informado, o protocolo de avaliação incluiu as seguintes medidas: Questionário/Entrevista Semiestruturada de Dados Sociodemográficos, Rey 15–IMT, ACE-R (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised), TOMM e BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II).Resultados: A amostra é constituída por jovens e jovens adultos (N=140), com uma média de idades de 28.24 anos (DP=5.693), 44.3% homens e 55.7% mulheres, com uma escolaridade média de 14.05 anos (DP=2.065). No que respeita aos indicadores de validade de constructo do Rey 15-IMT foi encontrada uma correlação positiva alta (r=0.758; p<.01) entre os indicadores evocação imediata e resultado combinado do reconhecimento. Relativamente ao TOMM foram também encontradas correlações significativas entre as pontuações nos ensaios: associação moderada entre o primeiro e o segundo ensaio de aprendizagem (r=0.434; p<.01) e baixa entre o segundo ensaio de aprendizagem e o ensaio de retenção (r=0.282; p<.01), não se observando associação com significado estatístico entre o primeiro ensaio de aprendizagem e o ensaio de retenção. Não se observaram correlações estatisticamente significativas entre os parâmetros do Rey 15-IMT e do TOMM com a pontuação no BDI-II. Contudo, observa-se um coeficiente de correlação com significado estatístico, embora baixa, entre a evocação imediata do Rey 15-IMT e o domínio visuo-espacial do ACE-R (r=0.239; p<.01). No TOMM apenas foi encontrada uma correlação significativa entre o primeiro ensaio de aprendizagem e o MMSE (r=0.183; p<.01). No que diz respeito às variáveis sociodemográficas (género, idade e escolaridade), observou-se uma associação significativa entre a escolaridade e o ensaio de evocação imediata do Rey 15-IMT (r=0.210, p<.01). No TOMM verificou-se uma associação significativa entre a idade e o primeiro ensaio de aprendizagem (t140=2.664; p<.01), embora com efeito pequeno. Apenas se observou uma associação com significância estatística entre o segundo ensaio de aprendizagem do TOMM e as tarefas do Rey 15-IMT (evocação imediata r=0.194; p<.05; ensaio de reconhecimento r=0.244; p<.01), o que significa que não existe elevada associação entre provas.Conclusões: Com as características da amostra que teve por base a investigação não se evidenciou impacto por parte das variáveis em estudo (idade, género, escolaridade, défice cognitivo e sintomatologia depressiva). No que diz respeito aos valores médios obtidos nos parâmetros do Rey 15-MT e do TOMM, os pontos de corte sugeridos pela literatura parecem ajustados para este grupo, validando os pontos de corte internacionais. Em última análise, ao nível da validade convergente entre ambos os TVS aqui estudados, apesar de se constituírem como dois testes de simulação e/ou esforço insuficiente, salienta-se o facto de parecerem medir paradigmas distintos. Assim, aumentando a capacidade de deteção da simulação e/ou esforço insuficiente, para a tomada de decisão o profissional não deve ter em conta o resultado de apenas um TVS, mas de pelo menos dois (Boone, 2007a; Larrabee, 2007), articulando-os ainda com outros dados disponíveis, como avaliações neuropsicológicas, autorrelatos, observação do comportamento, registos clínicos e também com a prática e perícia dos próprios (Simões et al., 2010).
Introduction: This dissertation aims at contributing to the standardisation and validation studies of the Rey 15-Item Memory Test (Rey 15-IMT) and the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) for the population of Portuguese young adults and adults. It continues and broadens a set of preliminary investigations in the framework of the project "Validation of Memory and Inventories of Functional Evaluation and Quality of Life".Method: The convenience sample was collected in the community, in continental Portugal. The criteria for recruiting participants was them to be aged between 18 and 39 years, having Portuguese as a mother language, with at least one year of schooling, without significant cognitive deficit, or severe depressive symptoms. After obtaining informed consent, the evaluation protocol included the following measures: Semi-structured Interview/questionnaire of Sociodemographic Data, Rey 15-IMT, ACE-R (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised), TOMM and BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II).Results: The sample consists of Portuguese young adults and adults (N=140), with an average age of 28.24 years (SD=5,693), 44.3% men and 55.7% women, with an average schooling of 14.05 years (SD= ,065). With regard to indicators of construct validity of the Rey 15-IMT a positive correlation was found (r=0.758; p<.01) between instant recall and combined indicators of recognition. With regard to the TOMM test correlations were also found between the scores in the tests: a moderate association between the first and the second test (r=0.434; p<.01)) and low between the second test of learning and retention test (r=0.282; p<.01). No statistically significant correlation was observed between the first test of learning and retention test, nor between the parameters of the Rey 15-IMT and TOMM with results in the BDI-II. However, there is a correlation coefficient with statistical significance, albeit low, between the instant recall Rey 15-IMT and visual-spacial domain of ACE-R (r=0.239; p<.01). In the TOMM a significant correlation between the first learning test and the MMSE (r=0.183; p<.01) was observed. With regard to socio-demographic variables (gender, age and education), a significant association between schooling and the instant recall Rey 15-IMT (r=0.210, p<.01) was likewise noted. In the TOMM there was significant association between the age and the first learning test (t140=2.664; p<.01), although with small effect size. An association with statistical significance was found only between the second learning test of the TOMM and the tasks of the Rey 15-IMT (immediate recall r=0.194; p<.05; test recognition test r=0.244; p<.01), which means there is no high association between tests.Conclusions: In this sample no impact of the sociodemographic variables was observed (age, gender, education, cognitive deficit and depressive symptoms) due of their characteristics. In regards to the average values in the parameters of the Rey-15 MT and TOMM, the cut-off points suggested by the literature seem to be adjusted to this group, validating the cut-off points. Ultimately, the level of the convergent validity between both symptom validity tests here studied seem to measure different paradigms despite being two tests that measure malingering and/or noncredible effort. Thus, by increasing the capacity of detection of malingering and/or noncredible effort, for making a decision the professional should not take into account the result of just a symptom validity tests, but at least two as noted in the literature (Boone, 2007a; Larrabee, 2007), linking them with other available data, like neuropsychological evaluations, self-reporting, behavior observation, clinical records and also with the practice and skill of the professional (Simões et al., 2010).
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Antoniazzi, Mark A. "An ecologically valid study of the relationship between the test of memory malingering, brain injury severity, cognitive performance and psychological factors in an injured worker population /." 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99138.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2003. Graduate Programme in Psychology.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-231). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99138
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15

Silva, Marisa Manuela Maia da. "Rey 15 – Item Memory Test (Rey 15 – IMT): Estudos de validação e normalização para a população portuguesa de jovens adultos, adultos e idosos." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85452.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação
Introdução: Tem sido destacada a importância de incluir testes de validade de desempenho (TVD) nos protocolos de avaliação neuropsicológica, nomeadamente, em contexto forense. O Rey 15-Item Memory Test (Rey 15-IMT) é um dos TVD mais utilizados.Objetivos: A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal estabelecer o referencial normativo do Rey 15-IMT para a população portuguesa de jovens adultos, adultos e idosos. Adicionalmente, foi analisada a influência das variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, escolaridade e género) e respetiva magnitude do efeito. De forma a perceber que fatores (sociodemográficos, cognitivos e de sintomatologia depressiva) têm influência nos resultados do Rey 15-IMT, foi testado um modelo de Regressão Linear Múltipla. Foi ainda efetuado um estudo de validade com uma amostra clínica forense em processo/pedido de reforma antecipada.Método: O presente estudo integra duas amostras de conveniência. A amostra da comunidade/normativa é constituída por jovens adultos, adultos e idosos (N=731), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 92 anos de idade (M=59.38; DP=17.292). A amostra clínica é composta por 42 indivíduos, sendo 14 (39.1%) do sexo masculino e 28 (60.9%) do sexo feminino, com uma idade média de 57.10 anos (DP=2.861). O protocolo de avaliação incluiu: um questionário de dados sociodemográficos; o Rey-15 IMT; o ACE-R (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised); a GDS-30 (Geriatric Depression Scale) e/ou o BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II).Resultados: Foi obtida uma correlação muito elevada (.958; p<.001) entre os parâmetros do Rey 15-IMT (Evocação Imediata e Resultado Combinado do Reconhecimento), o que traduz um indicador de homogeneidade e validade de construto. Foram obtidas correlações baixas negativas com a GDS-30 e positivas altas com o ACE-R. Não se verificaram correlações significativas com o BDI-II. As variáveis sociodemográficas (género, idade e escolaridade) tiveram impacto nos resultados do Rey 15-IMT. A magnitude do efeito foi elevada para a idade e escolaridade, tanto na Evocação Imediata como no Resultado Combinado do Reconhecimento. Na análise de regressão foram incluídas as variáveis idade, escolaridade, funcionamento cognitivo (total ACE-R e MMSE) e sintomatologia depressiva (GDS-30). Com exceção do MMSE, as variáveis explicaram 47.9% da variância na Evocação Imediata e 50.7% no Resultado Combinado do Reconhecimento. As variáveis relativas a funcionamento cognitivo (total ACE-R) e escolaridade apresentaram contributos mais evidentes para a variância dos resultados. Considerando o contributo dos domínios específicos do ACE-R, com exceção da Atenção/Orientação, todos contribuíram para a variância dos resultados do Rey 15-IMT, sendo o contributo da Linguagem mais evidente. Os dados normativos foram elaborados considerando as variáveis idade e escolaridade. Comparativamente à amostra/grupo de controlo emparelhada, a amostra clínica forense em processo/pedido de reforma antecipada obteve valores mais baixos em ambos os parâmetros do Rey 15-IMT. No entanto, controlando o efeito das variáveis relativas ao funcionamento cognitivo e sintomatologia depressiva, deixa de haver diferenças de desempenho no teste. Conclusão: Este estudo de validação e normalização do Rey 15-IMT constitui-se como um contributo importante para as metodologias de avaliação do esforço insuficiente disponibilizadas para a população portuguesa.
Introduction: The importance of including performance validity tests (PVT) in neuropsychological assessment protocols has been referred, especially in the forensic contexts. The Rey 15-Item Memory Test (Rey 15-IMT) is one of the most used PVT.Objectives: The aim of this dissertation was to establish the normative data of Rey 15-IMT for the Portuguese population of young adults, adults and older adults. Additionally, the influence of sociodemographic variables (age, education and gender) and their effect size was analyzed. In order to understand the factors (sociodemographic, cognitive and depressive symptomatology) that influence the results of Rey 15-IMT, a Multiple Linear Regression model was tested. A validity study was also carried out with a forensic clinical sample in cases of early retirement request.Method: The present study integrated two convenience samples. The community/normative sample consisted of young adults, adults and older adults (N = 731), aged between 18 and 92 years (M = 59.38, SD = 17.292). The clinical sample consisted of 42 individuals, which 14 (39.1%) were male and 28 (60.9%) were female, with a mean age of 57.10 years (SD = 2.861). The assessment protocol included: a sociodemographic data questionnaire; the Rey-15 IMT; the ACE-R (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised); the GDS-30 (Geriatric Depression Scale) and/or the BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory-II).Results: A very high correlation (.958; p <.001) was obtained between the Rey 15-IMT parameters (Immediate Recall and Combined Result), which indicates construct validity and homogeneity of the test. Low negative correlations were obtained with GDS-30 and high positive correlations with ACE-R. There were no significant correlations with BDI-II.Sociodemographic variables (gender, age and education) had impact on the results of Rey 15-IMT. The effect size was elevated/high for age and education, in Immediate Recall and in the Combined Result. The Regression analysis included age, education, cognitive functioning (total ACE-R and MMSE) and depressive symptomatology (GDS-30). Exepting MMSE, the variables explained 47.9% of the variance in the Immediate Recall and 50.7% in the Combined Result. The variables related to cognitive functioning (total ACE-R) and education presented more evident contributions to the variance of the results. Considering the contribution of the specific domains of the ACE-R, excepting Attention/Orientation, all the domains contributed to the variance of the results of the Rey 15-IMT, being the contribution of Language more evident.The normative data were elaborated considering age and education variables. Compared to the control group, the forensic clinical sample in process of early retirement request obtained lower values in both Rey 15-IMT parameters. However, when controlling the effect of the variables related to cognitive functioning and depressive symptomatology, there were no performance differences in in the test.Conclusions: This validation and normalization study of Rey 15-IMT constitutes an important contribution to insufficient effort assessment methodologies available for Portuguese population.
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