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Journal articles on the topic 'Memory monuments'
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Kurienė, Viktorija. "What Was Protected by the State in Vilnius and Nowogródek Voivodeships Between 1928 and 1939? Evaluation and Listing of Cultural Monuments." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 47 (July 14, 2021): 30–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2021.47.2.
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This article focuses on the process of monument listing, done by conservators of Vilnius in interwar Poland and which provided the monuments state protection. Between 1931 and 1939, monument conservators made 202 decisions confirming monumental value to various objects of architecture, urbanistics, archeology and nature. In the text the listing and evaluation process is described by analyzing the register of monuments and the decisions it was based on. The documents from the archive of the Art Department of Vilnius voivodeship are used in the article. The analysis of the register of monuments is based on statistical methods. Interpretation and evaluation are based on analytical and comparative methods. The research leads to findings that monument listing was dominated by architecture. Objects of nature were announced monuments based on their cultural value. Officially the status of a monument was given on the grounds of its aesthetics, age or documental value. However, the inner motive was Polishness. Thus, the most frequent monuments were baroque Catholic churches. The patriotic context is also seen in nature protection. The process of monument listing was led by only one expert – a conservator of monuments. The monument status and state protection depended on their interests, expertise and power. The conservator cooperated only with a small group of Polish authority and intelligentsia, leaving the majority of society out of this heritage process. The decision confirming monumental value was a way to control and have an impact directly on the monument’s existence, indirectly – on the discourse of memory. The monument listing reveals values and identities of a Polish art historian working for the state. Consequently, these values and identities were projected for the whole society as universal. This type of discourse on heritage, conception and practice was common in Western countries in the 20th c.
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Faulkenbury, Evan. "“A Problem of Visibility”." Public Historian 41, no. 4 (2019): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2019.41.4.83.
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In 1876, officials in Cortland, New York unveiled a bronze and granite Union soldier monument to commemorate the county’s participation in the American Civil War. Over time, the monument’s meanings and importance changed, and in 2013, Cortland officials began an attempt to move it out of the way for a music stage. This case study illustrates how Union monuments (similarly to Confederate monuments) represented local pride, masculine ideals, racial beliefs, and community values. Over time, however, original purposes faded from memory. By debating whether or not the statue should stay or move, Cortland reimagined the monument’s significance to its past, present, and future.
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Vadimovich Griger, Maxim, Enzhe Midhatovna Dusaeva, and Igor Vladimirovich Vostrikov. "CREATING A MEMORY OF A SAINT: FRANCIS OF ASSISI IN ITALIAN MONUMENTAL PROPAGANDA OF THE 19TH-21ST CENTURIES." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 5 (2019): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7578.
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Purpose: This article explores the mechanisms of constructing cultural memory in Italy in the 19th – 21st centuries on the example of the history of the erection of monuments dedicated to St. Francis of Assisi. They are interested only in the monuments placed in urban areas. This way they analyze “appropriation” of St. Francis by secular society. It is explained why this medieval saint became the hero of the national cultural pantheon of united Italy and in 1939 the holy Patron of Fascist Italy.
 Methodology: We studded the monuments putting them in historical and cultural context, searching for information about customers, funds, sculptors, placement, and meaning
 Result: There studded following questions: who was the customer of the monument, what was the main purpose of the customer(s), the historical and cultural context of monuments erection, the choice of the space for the monument, the composition of the monument, and others. Based on it step-by-step it is reconstructed the evolution of St. Francis’s monumental commemoration on the wide field of general changes in the cultural requests of Italian society and the state. The authors show the cultural aspects of commemorating.
 Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
 Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Creating a memory of a saint: Francis of Assisi in Italian Monumental Propaganda of the 19th-21st centuries is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
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Giguere, Joy M. "The (Im)Movable Monument." Public Historian 41, no. 4 (2019): 56–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2019.41.4.56.
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Despite Kentucky’s status as a Union state during the Civil War, the Louisville Confederate Soldiers’ Monument, erected in 1895 by the Kentucky Confederate Women’s Monument Association, is a representative example of Confederate memorialization in the South. Its history through the twentieth century, culminating in the creation of the nearby Freedom Park to counterbalance the monument’s symbolism and its ultimate removal and relocation to nearby Brandenburg, Kentucky, in 2017, reveals the relationship between such monuments and the Lost Cause, urban development, public history, and public memory. Using the Louisville Confederate Monument as a case study, this essay considers the ways in which Confederate monuments not only reflect the values of the people who erected them, but ultimately shape and are shaped by their environments.
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Osborne, James F. "Counter-monumentality and the vulnerability of memory." Journal of Social Archaeology 17, no. 2 (2017): 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605317705445.
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Monuments have been a staple of archaeology since the beginning of the discipline and have been used as case-studies for a diverse range of topics. In recent years, monuments have been considered particularly often in studies of social memory. By materializing memorial ambitions, however, the creation of monuments provides a venue for collective memories to be challenged. Despite their outward appearance of strength and permanence, monuments additionally render the memory of their creators vulnerable and open to contestation. In particular, the practice of counter-monumentality, or active and deliberate interventions in traditional monuments, illustrates how the erection of monuments exposes the inherent fragility of memory. Examples from the present and the past demonstrate these points: a statue of Confederate generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson in Baltimore, Maryland, and a corpus of monumental statues from southeastern Anatolian and northern Syria during the Iron Age.
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Ravvin, Norman. "Placed Upon the Landscape, Casting Shadows: Jewish Canadian Monuments and Other Forms of Memory." Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes 31 (May 18, 2021): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1916-0925.40212.
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This essay explores monuments, including the National Holocaust Monument in Ottawa, and gravestones in Jewish cemeteries in Montreal and Vancouver. Alongside these sites it considers how Canadian Jewish literature presents possibilities for Jewish history and language to mark the Canadian landscape though a consideration of Leonard Cohen and Eli Mandel. A discussion of Canadian monuments is relevant in light of recent demonstrations focused on removing statues and monuments from parks and government buildings. The essay contrasts community-inspired projects like Vancouver’s Holocaust memorial with Ottawa’s “National”monument, whose unveiling prompted a discussion about appropriate ways to represent history.Cet essai explore les monuments, y compris le monument national de l’Holocauste à Ottawa, et les pierres tombales des cimetières juifs de Montréal et de Vancouver. Parallèlement à ces sites, il examine comment la littérature juive canadienne, notamment les écrits de Leonard Cohen et Eli Mandel, offre des opportunités pour l’histoire et la langue juives de marquer le paysage canadien. Une discussion sur les monuments canadiens est pertinente à la lumière des récentes manifestations visant à retirer les statues et les monuments des parcs et des édifices gouvernementaux. L’essai met en contraste des projets d’inspiration communautaire comme le mémorial de l’Holocauste de Vancouver et le monument « national » d’Ottawa, dont le dévoilement a suscité une discussion sur les moyens appropriés de représenter l’histoire.
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Hamilton, Annette. "Monuments and memory." Continuum 3, no. 1 (1990): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304319009388152.
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Thorstensen, Erik. "The Places of Memory in a Square of Monuments: Conceptions of Past, Freedom and History at Szabadság Tér." Hungarian Cultural Studies 5 (January 1, 2012): 94–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2012.71.
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In this paper I try to approach contemporary Hungarian political culture through an analysis of the history of changing monuments at Szabadság Tér in Budapest. The paper has as its point of origin a protest/irredentist monument facing the present Soviet liberation monument. In order to understand this irredentist monument, I look into the meaning of the earlier irredentist monuments under Horthy and try to see what monuments were torn down under Communism and which ones remained. I further argue that changes in the other monuments also affect the meaning of the others. From this background I enter into a brief interpretation of changes in memory culture in relation to changes in political culture. The conclusions point toward the fact that Hungary is actively pursuing a cleansing of its past in public spaces, and that this process is reflected in an increased acceptance of political authoritarianism.
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Mikhailova, J. J. "Discussions on representation of ancient monuments: «Vetusta Monumenta»." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 2 (31) (June 2017): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2017-2-143-146.
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Tradition of preserving memory of the ancient monuments having been formed throughout the 18th century by the Society of Antiquaries of London, raises issues of representation of ancient artifacts. Using the Vetusta Monumenta series as an example the features of the manner of execution of drawings and engravings included in a series, their functions, and transformation of these features during the 18th are under discussion
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Ahiska, Meltem. "Monsters that remember: Tracing the story of the Workers' Monument in Tophane, İstanbul." New Perspectives on Turkey 45 (2011): 9–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600001291.
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AbstractThis article focuses on a particular monument in Tophane, the Workers' Monument, which has been subjected to destructions ever since the time it was put in place in 1973 and which still stands in the same place as a crippled and unidentifiable body. Many people have referred to it as a “monster.” The term “monster” points to unacceptable forms of life, cast aside as “abnormal,” and can be of use in tracing how certain memories are crushed or abandoned and become aberrant. Thus, I argue that the story of the destruction of the Workers' Monument cannot be read independently of the performative command of the state, best observed in erecting Atatürk monuments all over the country as visual embodiments of power and furthermore securing and protecting them against destruction by the force of law. Monuments contribute to the closure of the past as a dead body. However, they also forge a regime of memory and desire that serves power. I dwell on the issue of monuments in Turkey in that interstice between life and death, that is, in their “monstrosity,” so as to reflect on what remainsunrepresentablewithin the complex history—in other words, to reflect on the problem of power, history, and memory/counter-memory.
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Moroz-Grzelak, Lilla. "Sfera symboliczna w procesach transformacyjnych krajów byłej Jugosławii. Pomniki." Studia Środkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne 30 (2021): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543733xssb.21.012.13805.
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The Symbolic Sphere in the Transformation Processes of the former Yugoslavia. Monuments The article focuses on the ways of treating the monumental memory of the past in the states that were established after the disintegration of Yugoslavia. These examples, which are not exhaustive, show that the process of transformation in the symbolic sphere does not create a uniform image in all countries. It oscillates between the destruction of the monuments of the past period in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also the different intensity of the events of the tragic war of the last decade of the 20th century. Breaking such a description, Serbia protects the monuments of the Yugoslavian era, while at the same time recalling the memory of the Serbian liberation struggle in the anti-Turkish uprising of 1804. The protection of the monuments of the NOB (struggle for national liberation) period in Montenegro not only proves the connection with the federal Yugoslavia, but also reflects a kind of Yugonostalgia. In turn, the monuments of this period on Macedonian territory, preserved in various states, gave way to a “flood of monuments” referring to the ancient and medieval history of this land. The changes in the monumental sphere in all countries, however, prove the willingness to justify the ideological existence of independent state entities embedded in the native tradition confirming their sovereignty.
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Mollenhauer, Jillian. "SCULPTING THE PAST IN PRECLASSIC MESOAMERICA: OLMEC STONE MONUMENTS AND THE PRODUCTION OF SOCIAL MEMORY." Ancient Mesoamerica 25, no. 1 (2014): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536114000042.
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AbstractScholars encountering the monolithic sculptures of the Gulf lowland Olmec since the early twentieth century have frequently employed the term “monument” to describe these works. Often the word has been applied in reference to the formal qualities of the sculptures as well as to their antiquity. The function of monuments as sites of public remembering, however, has never been fully explored in relation to these works. This article discusses the evidence for, and implications of, viewing certain Olmec sculptures as public monuments intended to generate, transform, and erase the social memory of Olmec populations. Case studies of sculptural contexts suggest that such monuments were subject to diachronic transpositions and transformations in order to affect shifts in the collective memory over time. They remain as physical testaments to the maneuverings of Olmec elites within complex and ever-changing power relations that relied on the process of memory-making as part of the political stratagem.
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Mahnič, Katja. "Collective Memory between Tradition and Archive: Josip Mantuani, Heimatschutz and Monument Protection." Ars & Humanitas 13, no. 1 (2019): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ah.13.1.205-218.
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In 1911, Josip Mantuani attended a joint meeting for monument protection and Heimatschutz (homeland protection) in Salzburg, which he covered extensively in the Slovenec newspaper. Even though his practice as a member of the Monument Council and director of the Provincial Museum undoubtedly centred on the protection of historical monuments, he was also well acquainted with Heimatschutz. This is clearly shown in his text “Domovinsko varstvo” (Heimatschutz), which he published in the scientific journal Čas in 1914. The two aforementioned texts, along with his five-instalment feuilleton on the modern principles of monument protection, which he published in the Slovenec newspaper in late 1909, provide a good insight into Mantuani’s understanding of the mutual relationship between monument protection and Heimatschutz. In all three texts one can clearly discern that Mantuani distinguished between monuments that were still rooted in the existing tradition through their character, form and content, and those he viewed as “silent witnesses” to past cultures, or, in other words, as historical sources. He attributed “a living cultural” role to the former, while viewing the latter as “archival material”.
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Mahnič, Katja. "Collective Memory between Tradition and Archive: Josip Mantuani, Heimatschutz and Monument Protection." Ars & Humanitas 13, no. 1 (2019): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ars.13.1.205-218.
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In 1911, Josip Mantuani attended a joint meeting for monument protection and Heimatschutz (homeland protection) in Salzburg, which he covered extensively in the Slovenec newspaper. Even though his practice as a member of the Monument Council and director of the Provincial Museum undoubtedly centred on the protection of historical monuments, he was also well acquainted with Heimatschutz. This is clearly shown in his text “Domovinsko varstvo” (Heimatschutz), which he published in the scientific journal Čas in 1914. The two aforementioned texts, along with his five-instalment feuilleton on the modern principles of monument protection, which he published in the Slovenec newspaper in late 1909, provide a good insight into Mantuani’s understanding of the mutual relationship between monument protection and Heimatschutz. In all three texts one can clearly discern that Mantuani distinguished between monuments that were still rooted in the existing tradition through their character, form and content, and those he viewed as “silent witnesses” to past cultures, or, in other words, as historical sources. He attributed “a living cultural” role to the former, while viewing the latter as “archival material”.
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Archila Neira, Mauricio. "El Parque del «Descabezado» o de Camilo Torres y las luchas sociales en Barrancabermeja en los años ochenta." REVISTA CONTROVERSIA, no. 213 (December 26, 2019): 17–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54118/controver.vi213.1176.
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El parque del «Descabezado» o de Camilo Torres en Barrancabermeja hace parte de las memorias disputadas en torno a la destrucción del monumento a Camilo Torres en 1986 —a los 20 años de su muerte—, en medio de un auge de luchas en el país y en el Magdalena Medio. Luego de una reflexión sobre la memoria colectiva y los monumentos, se indaga sobre la historia del monumento, sus gestores iniciales y los varios ataques que recibió hasta la reconstrucción reciente del actual parque. Esta disputa obliga a mirar las luchas populares en el Magdalena Medio en el segundo lustro de los años ochenta, con la violencia que se incrementará en ese auge, de la cual el episodio del «Descabezado» es solo una representación simbólica.
 Abstract: The “Beheaded” or Camilo Torres Park in Barrancabermeja is a part of the memories disputed over the destruction of the monument to Camilo Torres in 1986—20 years after his death—in the context of increasing social struggles in the country and the Middle Magdalena region. After discussing collective memory and monuments, this paper examines the history of this particular monument in Barrancabermeja, its promoters and the numerous attacks it received until the recent reconstruction of the park. The dispute over memory in this case leads to a discussion on the people’s struggle in the Middle Magdalena region in the second half of the 1980s, and the increasing violence, of which the episode of the beheaded statue of Camilo Torres is just a symbolic representation.
 Keywords: Middle Magdalena, Barrancabermeja, people's struggles, Camilo Torres Park, violence
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Stevenson, Christine. "ROBERT HOOKE, MONUMENTS AND MEMORY." Art History 28, no. 1 (2005): 43–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0141-6790.2005.00453.x.
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Bogumił, Zuzanna. "Pamięć religijna społeczności lokalnych — przykład Jedwabnego." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 61, no. 3 (2017): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2017.61.3.10.
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This article looks on Jedwabne and the debate on Polish involvement in the Holocaust from the perspective of the Jedwabians. The author shows that until the erection of the national monument to the murdered Jews in Jedwabne in 2001, the Jedwabians’ memory of their Jewish neighbors was a part of local memory. Jedwabians commemorated the Jews in accordance with their frames of memory. The point is that the people in Jedwabne are first of all a members of parish community, so their memory is religious in nature. This has a profound effect on their relationship to the past and their perception of the role of monuments and memorials. By reconstructing the history of the erection of selected monuments in Jedwabne, the author shows which events of the past Jedwabians want to commemorate and what social function is played by memory of the commemorated events. She also considers to what degree memory of the group’s past lies at the base of the Jedwabians’ contemporary identity.
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Lima, Wesley dos Santos. "MONUMENTOS POLÍTICOS OU A POLÍTICA DOS MONUMENTOS? OS SIMBOLISMOS NA PRAÇA DOS GIRASSÓIS EM PALMAS, TO." Revista da Casa da Geografia de Sobral (RCGS) 22, no. 1 (2020): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35701/rcgs.v22n1.482.
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O artigo em questão objetiva analisar os monumentos como instrumentos políticos dotado de simbolismos na Praça dos Girassóis em Palmas–TO, considerando que os monumentos construídos ao redor da Praça dos Girassóis dispõem de sentidos e significados, simbolismo e representações, e que também são indiferentes para a construção dos espaços de afetividade e de memória dos cidadãos que residem na capital do Tocantins.
 Palavras-chave: Monumentos, política, simbolismo.
 
 ABSTRACT
 The following paper aims to examine the monuments as political instruments filled with symbolism on “Praça dos Girassóis”, in Palmas, TO, given that the monuments built around the Girassóis’ square have senses and meanings, symbolism and representation, and also are indifferent for the construction of the spaces of affection and memory of citizens living in the capital of Tocantins.
 Keywords: Monuments, politic, symbolism.
 
 RESUMEN
 El artículo actual tiene por finalidad analizar los monumentos como instrumentos políticos dotados de simbolismos en la “Plaza de los Girasoles”, en Palmas–TO, considerando que los monumentos construidos alrededor de la Plaza de los Girasoles tienen sentidos y significados, simbolismo y representaciones, y también que son indiferentes para la construcción de los espacios de afectividad y de memoria de los ciudadanos que habitan en la capital de Tocantins.
 Palabras clave: Monumentos. Política. Simbolismos.
 
 RÉSUMÉ
 L'article en question vise à analyser les monuments en tant qu'instruments politiques dotés de symbolisme sur la Praça dos Girassóis (Place des Turnesols) à Palmas - TO, étant donné que les monuments construits autour de la place ont des sens et des significations, du symbolisme et des représentations, et qu'ils sont également indifférents à la construction d'espaces d'affection et de mémoire des citoyens qui résident dans la capitale du Tocantins.
 Mots-clés: monuments, politique, symbolisme.
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Wüstenberg, Jenny. "Berlin's Changing Memory Landscape: New Scholarship in German and English." German Politics and Society 24, no. 2 (2006): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503006780681911.
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Claus Leggewie and Erik Meyer, “Ein Ort, an den man gerne geht” Das Holocaust-Mahnmal und die deutsche Geschichtspolitik nach 1989 (Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag, 2005)Karen E. Till, The New Berlin: Memory, Politics, Place (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005)Peter Carrier, Holocaust Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany since 1989: The Origins and Political Function of the Vél’ d’Hiv’ in Paris and the Holocaust Monument in Berlin (New York: Berghahn Books, 2005)
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Nelson, Elaine Marie. "Pioneer Mother Monuments: Constructing Cultural Memory." Journal of American History 107, no. 3 (2020): 770–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaaa409.
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DeTurk, Sabrina. "Memory of absence: Contemporary counter-monuments." Art & the Public Sphere 6, no. 1 (2017): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/aps.6.1-2.81_1.
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Mitter, Partha. "Monuments and Memory for Our Times." South Asian Studies 29, no. 1 (2013): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2013.772809.
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Rudling, Per A. "Multiculturalism, memory, and ritualization: Ukrainian nationalist monuments in Edmonton, Alberta." Nationalities Papers 39, no. 5 (2011): 733–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2011.599375.
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Canadians of Ukrainian descent constitute a significant part of the population of the Albertan capital. Among other things, their presence is felt in the public space as Ukrainian monuments constitute a part of the landscape. The article studies three key monuments, physical manifestations of the ideology of local Ukrainian nationalist elites in Edmonton: a 1973 monument to nationalist leader Roman Shukhevych, a 1976 memorial constructed by the Ukrainian Waffen-SS in Edmonton, and a 1983 memorial to the 1932–1933 famine in the Ukrainian SSR. Representing a narrative of suffering, resistance, and redemption, all three monuments were organized by the same activists and are representative for the selective memory of an “ethnic” elite, which presents nationalist ideology as authentic Ukrainian cultural heritage. The narrative is based partly upon an uncritical cult of totalitarian, anti-Semitic, and terroristic political figures, whose war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and collaboration with Nazi Germany the nationalists deny and obfuscate. The article argues that government support and direct public funding has strengthened the radicals within the community and helped promulgate their mythology. In the case of the Ukrainian Canadian political elite, official multiculturalism underwrites a narrative at odds with the liberal democratic values it was intended to promote. The failure to deconstruct the “ethnic” building blocks of Canadian multiculturalism and the willingness to accept at face value the primordial claims and nationalist myths of “ethnic” groups has given Canadian multiculturalism the character of multi-nationalism.
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Tulić, Damir. "Glory Crowned in Marble: Self-promotion of Individuals and Families in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Monuments in Istria and Dalmatia." Radovi Instituta za povijest umjetnosti, no. 43 (December 31, 2019): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31664/ripu.2019.43.11.
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Senior representatives of the Venetian Republic inspired distinguished noblemen and rich citizens in Venice, as well as in Terraferma and Stato da Mar, to perpetuate their memory through lavish commemorative monuments that were erected in churches and convents. Their endeavour for self-promotion and their wish to monopolise glory could be detected in the choice of material for the busts that adorned almost every monument: marble. The most elaborate monument of this kind belongs to the Brutti family, erected in 1695 in Koper Cathedral. In 1688 the Town of Labin ordered a marble bust of local hero Antonio Bollani and placed it on the facade of the parish church. Fine examples of family glorification could be found in the capital of Venetian Dalmatia – Zadar. In the Church of Saint Chrysogonus, there is a monument to the provveditore Marino Zorzi, adorned with a marble portrait bust. Rather similar is the monument to condottiere Simeone Fanfogna in Zadar’s Benedictine Church of Saint Mary and the monument to the military engineer Francesco Rossini in Saint Simeon. All these monuments embellished with portrait busts have a common purpose: to ensure the everlasting memory of important individuals. This paper analyses comparative examples, models, artists, as well as the desires of clients or authorities that were able to invest money in self or family promotion, thus creating the identity of success.
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Baumann, Uwe. "“Past Future Concrete” revisited: Ex-Yugoslav monuments shaped as destinations via online image practices." Český lid 107, no. 4 (2020): 469–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21104/cl.2020.4.03.
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Spomenik is the Serbo-Croatian word for monument. Internationally, the term is used for the partisan monuments that were erected throughout the former Yugoslavia to commemorate events of the Second World War. With the wars in the 1990s that led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia, many of these objects became detached from their original function, and thus became a dissonant heritage between differing nationalist narratives of the past. With their modernist architecture, the Spomeniks have become, since the late 2000s, popular internet motifs, and tourists are now showing growing interest in visiting the monuments. In order to capitalize on and institutionalize this increasing attention, a cultural route for tourists has recently been established. In this process of valorization, presenting the condition and decay of the monuments and characterizing them as “lost” places, which has become a decisive aesthetic in their circulation online, plays a large role in the constitution of these sites of memory (lieux de mémoire). This picturesque image practice as a phenomenon of cosmopolitanism will be exemplified by online representations of the Tjentište Monument in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
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AUCHTER, JESSICA. "Border monuments: memory, counter-memory, and (b)ordering practices along the US-Mexico border." Review of International Studies 39, no. 2 (2012): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210512000174.
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AbstractImmigrant deaths have increased in recent years due to changes in border enforcement practices, yet less attention has been paid to the memorialisation of undocumented immigrants who die crossing the US-Mexico border. This article explores the ordering mechanisms of statecraft through an examination of how the dead bodies of undocumented migrants pose a resistance to these mechanisms. I first lay out my conception of statecraft and the bordering practices involved in this specific context, then address the memorialisation of undocumented immigrants who lost their lives crossing the border. The article embarks on a journey through anonymous desert gravesites and small desert cemeteries haunted by the spectres of immigration. It explores the contestation surrounding memorialisation of death through the monument, the narratives of anonymity surrounding the memorialisation of undocumented immigrants, and the counter-memory discourses that emerge in an effort to rewrite the meaning of these migrant deaths. These counter-memorial discourses, I argue, posit desert border monuments as a threat to statecraft because they cannot be situated within the (b)ordering mechanisms of the state.
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Frei, Cheryl Jiménez. "Columbus, Juana and the Politics of the Plaza: Battles over Monuments, Memory and Identity in Buenos Aires." Journal of Latin American Studies 51, no. 03 (2019): 607–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x18001086.
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AbstractIn 2013, Argentina's then-President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner sparked controversy for her decision to replace a monument of Christopher Columbus in Buenos Aires with one of nineteenth-century mestiza revolutionary Juana Azurduy. This article examines the history and iconography of these monuments, exploring the intersections between public space, art, politics and memory. It argues that these monuments — one representing Argentina's previously maligned Italian immigrant heritage, the other its forgotten indigenous culture — demonstrate how fundamental struggles over national identity have been embedded and contested in the capital's urban landscape, in ways that remain influential. It highlights Argentina's 1910 centennial and 2010 bicentennial as key to these efforts, and examines the power/politics of place in the central plaza where various actors have fought for public commemorative representation.
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Deegan, Connor. "Why do public monuments play such an important role in memory wars?" Constellations 9, no. 1 (2018): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cons29343.
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In this paper I explore the role played by public monuments in the narration of national stories. I examine several monuments that have been built to promote various national narratives, with a particular focus on the South Australian National War Memorial, located in Adelaide, Australia. My analysis reveals that monuments have a dynamic capacity to embody simplified narratives of the past, and to shape collective memory accordingly. I contend that, owing to this capacity, monuments play a significant role in the narration of national stories. I also consider the power of monuments to serve vehicles for the promulgation of dissenting narrative strands. I ultimately argue that the prevalence of such strands reveals that many “memory wars” can never definitively be won—that is, that it is impossible to achieve homogeneity in history.
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Knochel, Aaron D., and Alvaro M. Jordan. "Spacemakers: Speculative design, public space and monuments." Visual Inquiry 10, no. 1 (2021): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/vi_00025_1.
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Controversies in current events highlight the important role that public space and monuments may play in demonstrating community values or conversely projecting status quo articulations of inequity. With this in mind, we felt compelled to develop curricula to unpack the complex relationships between public space and place identity through the shared ownership and development of public monuments. We started a curricular project called Spacemakers to engage learners in arts-based reflections on public space, identity and social justice through the generation of proposed monuments as matters of concern. Through frameworks of history and memory, design practice and cultural geography, we articulate the unfolding of the curriculum as we consider the monument as a curricular object. This article reviews the curricular activities we developed for the Spacemakers project, their theoretical and pedagogical foundations, and the potential for making use of speculative design and critical making as powerful vehicles for reflection on public space and embodied learning.
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Mitchell, Katharyne. "Monuments, Memorials, and the Politics of Memory." Urban Geography 24, no. 5 (2003): 442–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.24.5.442.
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Fraser, K. C. "Commemorating the Seafarer: Monuments, Memorials and Memory." Reference Reviews 30, no. 7 (2016): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-05-2016-0130.
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Ater, Renée. "Slavery and Its Memory in Public Monuments." American Art 24, no. 1 (2010): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/652738.
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Trusted, Marjorie. "Commemorating the seafarer: monuments, memorials and memory." Journal for Maritime Research 18, no. 1 (2016): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2016.1210931.
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Gittings, Clare. "Monuments and memory in early modern England." Mortality 14, no. 1 (2009): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576270802383741.
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Gilbert, S. "Buried Monuments: Yiddish Songs and Holocaust Memory." History Workshop Journal 66, no. 1 (2008): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbn026.
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Temirova, Nadiia. "FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN MEMORIAL AND MONUMENTAL SPACE IN CANADA." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1 (December 17, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2020-31-7-13.
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The article is devoted to the study of the process of formation of the Ukrainian memorial and monumental space in Canada. The study is based on written (information leaflets, programs of events, materials from the Government of Canada, documents of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine [CP(b)U]), pictorial (photo images of monuments), electronic (materials from the official websites of Ukrainian embassies in Canada and Canadian embassies in Ukraine, public associations of Ukrainians in Canada) sources. They showed that in Canada, more than twenty monuments are dedicated to the iconic subjects of the Ukrainian history. They are located in five provinces – Alberta, Quebec, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan, which are places of compact residence of Ukrainians. It is shown that the monuments are dedicated to important events of national history, namely: emigration, the Holodomor, as well as prominent writers and poets. Six memorials commemorate the victims of the Famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine, and four monuments honour the figure Taras Shevchenko. All, except one memorial, were installed in the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The culmination of the activity of the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada took place at this time. The initiative to erect monuments in most cases belonged to the Ukrainian community. Funding was provided by private donations, which indicates the existence of an internal need to create their own symbolic space. The unveiling of each monument was accompanied by the mass of people, and Canadian high-ranking officials were often present, which demonstrates the organic fit of the Ukrainian memory into the all-Canadian one. It is noted that several monuments were donated to the Ukrainian Canadian community by the Soviet government on behalf of the Ukrainian people. Such actions testified to attempts to expand the Soviet Union’s influence on the Ukrainian diaspora. Thus, the community of millions of Ukrainians in Canada has not only preserved its language, religion, and traditions, but also outlined the visual space of its own history through the installation of monuments. This strengthened their self-identification with the Ukrainian people and their ethnic homeland.
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Zernetska, O., and O. Myronchuk. "Historical Memory and Practices of Monumental Commemoration of World War I in Australia (Part 1)." Problems of World History, no. 12 (September 29, 2020): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-12-11.
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The authors’ research attention is focused on the specifics of the Australian memorial practices dedicated to the World War I. The statement is substantiated that in the Australian context memorials and military monuments formed a special post-war and post-traumatic part of the visual memory of the first Australian global military conflict.
 The features of the Australian memorial concept are clarified, the social function of the monuments and their important role in the psychological overcoming of the trauma and bitter losses experienced are noted. The multifaceted aspects of visualization of the monumental memory of the World War I in Australia are analyzed. Monuments and memorials are an important part of Australia’s visual heritage.
 It is concluded that each Australian State has developed its own concept of memory, embodied in various types and nature of monuments. The main ones are analyzed in detail: Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne (1928–1934); Australian War Memorial in Canberra (1941); Sydney Cenotaph (1927-1929) and Anzac Memorial in Sydney (1934); Desert Mounted Corps Memorial in Western Australia (1932); Victoria Memorials: Avenue of Honour and Victory Arch in Ballarat (1917-1919), Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial (2004), Great Ocean Road – the longest nationwide memorial (1919-1932); Hobart War Memorial in the Australian State of Tasmania (1925), as well as Villers-Bretonneux Australian National Memorial in France dedicated to French-Australian cooperation during the World War I (1938).
 The authors demonstrate an inseparable connection between the commemorative practices of Australia and the politics of national identity, explore the trends in the creation and development of memorial practices. It is noted that the overwhelming majority of memorial sites are based on the clearly expressed function of a place of memory, a place of mourning and commemoration. It was found that the representation of the memorial policy of the memory of Australia in the first post-war years was implemented at the beginning at the local level and was partially influenced by British memorial practices, transforming over time into a nationwide cultural resource.
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Zernetska, O., and O. Myronchuk. "Historical Memory and Practices of Monumental Commemoration of World War I in Australia (Part 2)." Problems of World History, no. 13 (March 18, 2021): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-13-10.
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The authors’ research attention is focused on the specifics of the Australian memorial practices dedicated to the World War I. The statement is substantiated that in the Australian context memorials and military monuments formed a special post-war and post-traumatic part of the visual memory of the first Australian global military conflict.
 The features of the Australian memorial concept are clarified, the social function of the monuments and their important role in the psychological overcoming of the trauma and bitter losses experienced are noted. The multifaceted aspects of visualization of the monumental memory of the World War I in Australia are analyzed. Monuments and memorials are an important part of Australia’s visual heritage.
 It is concluded that each Australian State has developed its own concept of memory, embodied in various types and nature of monuments. The main ones are analyzed in detail: Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne (1928–1934); Australian War Memorial in Canberra (1941); Sydney Cenotaph (1927-1929) and Anzac Memorial in Sydney (1934); Desert Mounted Corps Memorial in Western Australia (1932); Victoria Memorials: Avenue of Honour and Victory Arch in Ballarat (1917-1919), Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial (2004), Great Ocean Road – the longest nationwide memorial (1919-1932); Hobart War Memorial in the Australian State of Tasmania (1925), as well as Villers-Bretonneux Australian National Memorial in France dedicated to French-Australian cooperation during the World War I (1938).
 The authors demonstrate an inseparable connection between the commemorative practices of Australia and the politics of national identity, explore the trends in the creation and development of memorial practices. It is noted that the overwhelming majority of memorial sites are based on the clearly expressed function of a place of memory, a place of mourning and commemoration. It was found that the representation of the memorial policy of the memory of Australia in the first post-war years was implemented at the beginning at the local level and was partially influenced by British memorial practices, transforming over time into a nationwide cultural resource.
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Mustafa, Sam A. "The Politics of Memory: Rededicating Two Historical Monuments in Postwar Germany." Central European History 41, no. 2 (2008): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938908000332.
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For much of the past two centuries German governments encouraged or even sponsored the construction of war monuments. By the turn of the twentieth century Germany was covered in more than a thousand such shrines, most of which had local or regional significance as places of annual celebration or commemoration. Government, media, and business all contributed to an elaborate hagiography of Germany's battles, war heroes, and martyrs, with monuments usually serving as the centerpieces. Millions of middle-class Germans attended or participated in commemoration ceremonies at war monuments all over the country, and/or filled their homes with souvenir trinkets, tableware, wall decorations, coffee-table books, and other quotidian items that reproduced images of the monuments or scenes from the events they memorialized.
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Rowan Fannin, Jordan. "The ‘Strange Fruit’ of Flannery O’connor: Damning Monuments in Southern Literature and Southern History." Literature and Theology 35, no. 3 (2021): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litthe/frab018.
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Abstract This article revisits Flannery O’Connor’s racialised Christophany in her short story, ‘The Artificial N*’, in light of contemporary tensions over Confederate monuments in America. It explores her grotesque Christ (manifest in a suburban lawn jockey) that mysteriously acts as a means of grace and effects repentance and reconciliation. It teaches us how to read this racist statuary within the grotesque history of Confederate monuments in the American South. By further situating her story and this history in the matrix of art and community, materiality and memory, her work is able to provide a damning theological critique of the current debate around monument removal, without which we may be content to absent offending sculptures but leave untouched our unreconciled communities and sinful social order.
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Sully, Nicole. "Memorials incognito: the candle, the drain and the cabbage patch for Diana, Princess of Wales." Architectural Research Quarterly 14, no. 2 (2010): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135510000734.
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In the second half of the twentieth century, the growing recognition of the plurality of history and the constructive nature of monuments, in conjunction with a more general realisation of the intellectual problems of war, resulted in a widespread interrogation – both intellectually and aesthetically – of concepts of memorialisation and commemoration. This interrogation is credited as the catalyst for a series of new approaches to monument-making, famously exemplified by Maya Lin's Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington (1982) in addition to a series of holocaust-related memorials, such as those theorised in the seminal writings of James E. Young. These memorials, in conjunction with post-modern discussions of the politics of memory and issues of counter-memory, complicated the culture of commemoration, seeing the emergence of new commemorative types known as counter-monuments, which Young defines as ‘memorial spaces conceived to challenge the very premise of the monument’. These are often also identified by terms such anti-memorials or progressive memorials. Among these, new sub-genres also emerged in response to particular methods of commemoration such as living and spontaneous memorials, in addition to more gestural methods of commemoration involving, for example, services or performances that transcend the categories of sculpture and architecture.
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Jobert, Veronique. "National Identity and pacifsm: two sides of the same military memory." Inter 11, no. 17 (2019): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/inter.2019.17.5.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the memorializing strategy of the heroes and victims of the First World War in France. It is revealed on the examples of the history of several monuments in various provincial departments. The article shows that some of these monuments have been established not as the state agencies initiative, but by grass-route activists, and, in contrast to common militaristic messages, the commemoration of soldiers and victims by this monuments has frankly pacifist features.
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Künzler, Sarah. "Sites of memory in the Irish landscape? Approaching ogham stones through memory studies." Memory Studies 13, no. 6 (2019): 1284–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698018818226.
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The nexus between landscape, identity formation(s) and cultural memory has long been of interest to archaeology, cultural geography and various disciplines in the humanities. This article suggests that in medieval and early modern Irish texts, the depiction of monuments addresses precisely this complex relationship. On the basis of close readings of textual evidence and a critical engagement with Pierre Nora’s idea of lieux de mémoire, it will be argued that the cognitive interplay between literary-imagined and archaeological-material monuments enabled the medieval Irish literati to situate themselves within the world they inhabited both spatially and culturally. The article thus contributes substantially to our understanding of the material aspects of social remembrance and advocates the potential benefits of including the extremely rich Irish textual and archaeological sources into broader, interdisciplinary discussions.
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Walls, Samuel, and Howard Williams. "Death and Memory on the Home Front: Second World War Commemoration in the South Hams, Devon." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 20, no. 1 (2010): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774310000041.
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In this article we explore a pair of distinctive and associated Second World War monuments on Slapton Sands in the South Hams district of Devon, UK. The Slapton Sands Evacuation Memorial was erected in 1945 by the US armed forces to commemorate the sacrifice of local people who evacuated their homes ahead of battle training in preparation for D-Day. Meanwhile, the Torcross Tank Memorial was built in 1984 under the initiative of a local man to commemorate those US servicemen who lost their lives during the battle training in the Exercise Tiger tragedy. The historical context, form, materiality, biography and location of each monument are appraised and their relationship with each other is discussed. The article argues that from the 1940s to the present day, the monuments have evolved as sacrificial sites and serve to both commemorate the events they describe and define the identities of local people through their reuse of places and material culture.
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Kudaibergenova, A. A. "Commemoration of Mustafa Shokai’s personality: monuments, cinema." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. HISTORICAL SCIENCES. PHILOSOPHY. RELIGION Series 130, no. 1 (2020): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2020-130-1-107-118.
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This article analyzes the commemorative practices of Mustafa Shokai, a prominent representative of Kazakh intelligentsia of the twentieth century in the modern cultural space of Kazakhstan. Two categories of memory practices that are most accessible to the General public are considered: monuments and cinematography using appropriate methodological tools. The author of the article pays special attention to the reasons, motivations and actors of the memory practices of Mustafa Shokai – most often the actors are his «countrymen», and all the monuments are located in the Kyzylorda region – in the homeland of Shokai. The article was prepared in the framework of the project «Places of memory» in modern culture of Kazakhstan: processes of commemoration in public spaces».
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Germani, Ian. "Revolutionary Rites: Political Demonstrations at the Place de la Nation, Paris." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 22, no. 2 (2012): 57–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008978ar.
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Historians who study sites of memory emphasize the fluidity in meaning attached to those sites. The meaning of monuments is dependent upon changes in political context, which affect both how they are perceived and the uses to which they are put. With specific attention to the Place de la Nation in Paris and to Dalou’s monument, Le Triomphe de la République, this article argues that street demonstrations have played an important role in creating meaning for Parisian sites of memory. It focuses on four events in the history of the Place/monument: the inauguration of the bronze statue on 19 November, 1899; the demonstration marking the formation of the Popular Front on 12 February, 1934; the “bloody” 14 July demonstration of 1953; and the demonstration against Jean-Marie Le Pen and the National Front on 1 May, 2002. While the specific political context of these demonstrations varied, as did the character and purpose of the actors composing them, they all provided an occasion for the rehearsal of France’s revolutionary traditions, with particular reference to the Paris Commune. The transitory nature and specific purposes of particular demonstrations, however, restricted their ability to alter the monument’s significance. This is painfully apparent in the case of the Algerian demonstration of 14 July, 1953, which ended in a quickly forgotten massacre.
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Alley, Kelly D. "Gandhiji on the Central Vista: A Postcolonial Refiguring." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 4 (1997): 967–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00017224.
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Monuments, memorials and statues, so commonplace in squares and parks of late twentieth-century cities, have interesting histories and convey particular historiographies. In public arenas planned and maintained by state administrations, symbolic representations situated for the purpose of communicating messages to passersby, visitors, and residents often mark the state's attempt to control space, history and popular memory. By extension, changes in statuary or monumental architecture over time may reflect shifts in rulers and their representations of rule. As Hung (1991) demonstrates, the ‘war of monuments’ in Tiananmen Square reflected struggles for power and demands by those excluded from power for rights and access. The ‘statumania’ of post-revolutionary France personalized contests for power and representation (Agulhon 1985). On the other hand, monuments that remain fixed on landscapes can be variously interpreted over time, forming, as Young (1989:70) has noted, ‘a kind of screen across which the projected shadows of a world's preoccupations continue to flicker and dance.’
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Pestereva, Kiunnei Aidaarovna, Irena Semenovna Khokholova, Marina Il'inichna Kysylbaikova, and Alina Petrovna Vasilyeva. "The symbolism of urban space: socio-cognitive approach (based on the material of Yakutsk)." Социодинамика, no. 2 (February 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2021.2.35102.
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This article is dedicated to the currently relevant direction in the humanities – the study of city monuments as the tools of commemoration that contribute to the formation of historical and cultural memory in the society. The author classifies the monuments and art objects of Yakutsk by designation, as well as presents the survey results of the citizens on perception of the city’s symbolic space of the city. An overview and analysis of the monuments of Yakutsk demonstrated that they reflect history of the city and the republic, as well as contribute to the formation of sustainable representation of the citizens on the historical events. The most remarkable component in the formation of collective memory and historical identity remains the Memorials of Military Glory. This article reviews an example of the memorial complex “Victory Square” as the major memorial site in the city. It is substantiated by the fact that due to the government’s policy of emphasizing and reconsideration of the role of the Soviet people in victory in the Great Patriotic War, the monument retains its functionality and reminds on the tough years of war experienced by the people. The acquired results indicate that the residents are familiar with the history of their city and support the strengthening of commemorative functions assigned to the monuments. The research is carried out within the framework of project No. 20-011-31324 under the Russian Foundation for Basic Research “The Symbolic Space of Northern Cities of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the context of Sociopolitical Processes”.
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James-Chakraborty, Kathleen. "Where Memory Resides: A Review of AT Memory's Edge and Munich and Memory." German Politics and Society 19, no. 2 (2001): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503001782385571.
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James E. Young, At Memory’s Edge: After Images of the Holocaust in Contemporary Art and Architecture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000)Gavriel D. Rosenfeld, Munich and Memory: Architecture, Monuments, and the Legacy of the Third Reich (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000)
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Agapov, M. G. "THE AVATARS OF YERMAK: MONUMENTS AND HISTORICAL MEMORY." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 1 (32) (2016): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2016-32-1-142-150.
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