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Bell, Jennifer. "Studies on B cell memory." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13873.
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Miller, Jo Ann. "Exploratory studies of prospective memory in adults." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30735.
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Prospective memory refers to remembering to carry out an intended or planned action, such as keeping a doctor's appointment or telling a friend about an upcoming party. Despite its importance in everyday life, prospective memory has received little empirical or theoretical attention. Rather, much of the literature has focused on retrospective memory, that is, memory for information learnt in the past.
The current literature on prospective memory addresses five aspects that are necessary for carrying out an intended action. These are (a) formulating the plan; (b) having the knowledge necessary to carry out the plan; (c) remembering the plan at the appropriate time; (d) carrying out the plan; and (e) remembering that the plan has been performed. The literature also raises three fundamental questions. Namely, whether prospective and retrospective memory involve different processes, whether self-report and behavioral measures of prospective memory are correlated, and whether prospective memory performance varies as a function of age. These questions were the focus of the exploratory studies presented in this dissertation.
The first three studies involved the development of a memory diary, a memory questionnaire, and a metamemory questionnaire, respectively. These instruments were used in the fourth and fifth studies. Studies 4 and 5 also included behavioral measures of prospective memory and objective measures of retrospective memory.
The fourth study examined how community-dwelling adults feel about, and use, their memory on a daily basis. In accordance with previous research, no age differences were observed on the behavioral measures of prospective memory. Moreover, performance on the self-report measures did not differ as a function of age. As hypothesized, age was correlated with performance on a retrospective memory task.
The fifth study involved an extension and replication of Study 4, with the major addition being the use of several standard laboratory tests to assess retrospective memory. This study revealed several interesting findings. First, in contrast to previous studies, performance on some retrospective memory tasks was related to performance on some prospective memory tasks. Second, by and large, self-report and behavioral measures of prospective memory were not correlated. Third, performance on the prospective memory tasks (both self-report and behavioral) did not vary as a function of age, although performance ' on the retrospective memory tasks was clearly age related.
The implications of this research are discussed.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Bavidge, Eleanor. "Heterotopias of memory : cultural memory in and around Newcastle upon Tyne." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2009. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/3558/.
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The aim of the research is to examine the multiple spatial frameworks and materially manifested forms of memory by applying current memory studies theory to four areas of memorial experience: personal memory, civic memory, tourism and film. The thesis looks at memory practices based in the North East, particularly those that take place in Newcastle upon Tyne, and explores how the city is remembered in specific memory practices and institutions. Combining work in memory studies and cultural geography, the thesis highlights how memory is spatialized and is particularly concerned with the city that shapes, and is shaped by, memory and memory practices. Changes have taken place in the relationship between space, place and temporality that have affected memory and practices of memorialization. At first glance, the technologies we use and the spaces we inhabit can be interpreted as leading to a pervasive amnesia. The thesis challenges this assumption. It proposes that the concept of heterotopia provides a critical mode of reading memory spaces offering a more positive account of the way memory is currently being experienced. The thesis looks at how memory is realized in the fabric of the city and how the historical city itself is represented through the discursive practices of memorial public art, the museum and the cinema, creating a collective cultural memory. The particular contribution that this thesis makes is that it tests the explanatory power of the concept of heterotopia in relation to memorial sites and it applies memory studies to the city of Newcastle in a time of transition and renewal.
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Wecke, Liliane. "Cardiac memory studies in two human models /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-614-X/.
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Sciberras, Lillian. "Melitensia : information resource and national memory." Thesis, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271672.
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Dajczgewand, Julian. "Optical memory in an erbium doped crystal : efficiency, bandwidth and noise studies for quantum memory applications." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS198/document.
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Le traitement quantique de l’information comme moyen de surmonter les limites de l’électronique classique a connu un développement rapide dans les deux dernières décennies. Plusieurs composants pour générer, traiter et envoyer l’information quantique sont nécessaires. Dans ce contexte, les mémoires quantiques optiques apparaissent comme des composantes principales capables de communiquer l’information quantique sur de longues distances en surmontant les pertes des fibres optiques dans un schéma de répéteur quantique. Durant la dernière décennie, plusieurs protocoles de stockage pour stocker l’information quantique ont été proposés et testés. Dans cette thèse, je présente le protocole Revival of Silenced Echo (ROSE) et sa réalisation dans un cristal Er3+:Y2SiO5. Ce matériau est un bon candidat pour une mémoire quantique grâce à sa transition dans la bande C des télécommunications où les pertes dans les fibres optiques sont minimales. Dans ce travail, j’évalue les performances du ROSE avec des impulsions faibles classiques. Je mesure l’efficacité, la bande passante et le temps de stockage qui sont des figures de mérite typiques d’une mémoire quantique optique. Pour une bande passante fixe, je démontre expérimentalement une bonne efficacité. En outre, je mesure la dépendance de la bande passante du protocole. Pour cette dernière les interactions dipôle-dipôle entre les ions d’erbium apparaît comme un facteur limitant. Enfin, je réalise le protocole ROSE avec quelques photons par impulsion afin d’évaluer son potentiel comme mémoire quantique. Je démontre une bonne efficacité avec un rapport signal sur bruit modéré. Je termine ce travail par une série de mesures dans des matériaux nouveaux (co-dopé ou dopé avec de l’erbium), pour augmenter la bande-passante de traitement d’échantillons dopés Er compatible avec les longueurs d’onde des télécommunicationsQuantum information processing has been developing rapidly in the last two decades as a way to overcome the limitations of classical electronics. Several components to generate, process and send quantum information are needed. In this context, optical quantum memories appear as principal components to communicate quantum information at long distances by overcoming the losses of the optical fibers in the so-called quantum repeater scheme. During the last decade several storage protocols to store quantum information have been proposed and tested. In this thesis, I present the Revival of Silenced Echo (ROSE) protocol implemented in an Er3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. This material is a good candidate for a quantum memory because of its transition in the C-band of the telecom wavelengths where the losses in optical fibers are minimized. In this work, I evaluate the ROSE performances with weak classical pulses. I measure efficiency, bandwidth and storage time which are the typical figures of merit for an optical quantum memory. Starting with a fixed bandwidth, I demonstrate experimentally a good efficiency. Additionally, I measure the bandwidth dependence of the protocol. For this latter, the dipole-dipole interactions between erbium ions appears as limiting factors. Finally, I implement the ROSE protocol with a few photons per pulse to show its potential as a quantum memory. I report good efficiencies with a moderate signal to noise ratio.I finish this work with a series of measurements in new materials (doped or codoped with erbium), to extend the processing bandwidth of Er doped samples compatible the telecom wavelength range
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Nyberg, Lars. "The enactment effect : studies of a memory phenomenon." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96886.
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Van, Essen Dominic James. "Studies on helper T cell priming and memory." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300423.
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Chen, Yung-Nien. "Working memory in n-back tasks : ERP studies." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3641/.
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Three event-related potential (ERP) experiments investigated the spatial-verbal dichotomy (emphasized by Baddeley’s model of working memory), selective attention (emphasized by Cowan’s model), and sub-processes in n-back tasks. The studies provide a basis for further clinical research on Alzheimer’s disease. Experiment 1 studied the spatial-verbal dichotomy using n-back tasks with top-down control. It used identical stimuli in both spatial and verbal tasks, and was designed to eliminate interference from perceptual processes. The spatial and verbal tasks differed only in the instructions given before the tasks. Using a model of the task, sub-processes involved in n-back tasks were delineated and analyzed by difference waveforms of ERPs. Domain-specific lateralization was found in a shift sub-process but not in a replacement sub-process. Because information from the irrelevant domain could not be totally excluded by top-down control (which distinguished the spatial and verbal tasks), Experiment 2 recorded information from irrelevant domains. Interactions between irrelevant and relevant domains were found in ERP difference waveforms. Therefore, the results of Experiment 2 suggest that selective attention is unable to exclude interference from the irrelevant domain. Following this conclusion, Experiment 3 adopted a data-driven (bottom-up controlled) methodology, and used different stimuli in spatial and verbal domains in contrast with Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, selective attention was not needed to distinguish spatial tasks from verbal tasks because the spatial and verbal stimuli were different. A different pattern was obtained in Experiment 3; domain-specific lateralization was found only in the replacement sub-process (and not in the shift sub-process). Relationships among n-back task sub-processes, i.e., matching, replacement and shift were determined in advance by logical analyses. From this model, process-specific patterns of domain-specific lateralization, where domain-specific lateralization should exist in the shift sub-process of a conceptual task and in the replacement sub-process of a data-driven task, were predicted under conceptual and data-driven control. The results in Experiment 1 and 3 fitted these predictions, consistent with the proposed logical hypothesis of sub-processes. The similarity between match-specific and domain-specific lateralization suggests avenues for further studies. Using the framework of the model developed here, further investigation could be carried out at the sub-process level using the high temporal resolution of ERPs to decipher the detailed steps of processing that our brains execute in working memory tasks.
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TIYYAGURA, MADHAVI. "TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY STUDIES IN SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3913.
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In NiTi, a reversible thermoelastic martensitic transformation can be induced by temperature or stress between a cubic (B2) austenite phase and a monoclinic (B19') martensite phase. Ni-rich binary compositions are cubic at room temperature (requiring stress or cooling to transform to the monoclinic phase), while Ti-rich binary compositions are monoclinic at room temperature (requiring heating to transform to the cubic phase). The stress induced transformation results in the superelastic effect, while the thermally induced transformation is associated with strain recovery that results in the shape memory effect. Ternary elemental additions such as Fe can additionally introduce an intermediate rhombohedral (R) phase between the cubic and monoclinic phase transformation. This work was initiated with the broad objective of connecting the macroscopic behavior in shape memory alloys with microstructural observations from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Specifically, the goals were to examine (i) the effect of mechanical cycling and plastic deformation in superelastic NiTi; (ii) the effect of thermal cycling during loading in shape memory NiTi; (iii) the distribution of twins in martensitic NiTi-TiC composites; and (iv) the R-phase in NiTiFe. Both in situ and ex situ lift out focused ion beam (FIB) and electropolishing techniques were employed to fabricate shape memory alloy samples for TEM characterization. The Ni rich NiTi samples were fully austenitic in the undeformed state. The introduction of plastic deformation (8% and 14% in the samples investigated) resulted in the stabilization of martensite in the unloaded state. An interlaying morphology of the austenite and martensite was observed and the martensite needles tended to orient themselves in preferred orientations. The aforementioned observations were more noticeable in mechanically cycled samples. The observed dislocations in mechanically cycled samples appear to be shielded from the external applied stress via mismatch accommodation since they are not associated with unrecoverable strain after a load-unload cycle. On application of stress, the austenite transforms to martensite and is expected to accommodate the stress and strain mismatch through preferential transformation, variant selection, reorientation and coalescence. The stabilized martensite (i.e., martensite that exists in the unloaded state) is expected to accommodate the mismatch through variant reorientation and coalescence. On thermally cycling a martensitic NiTi sample under load through the phase transformation, significant variant coalescence, variant reorientation and preferred variant selection was observed. This was attributed to the internal stresses generated as a result of the thermal cycling. A martensitic NiTi-TiC composite was also characterized and the interface between the matrix and the inclusion was free of twins while significant twins were observed at a distance away from the matrix-inclusion interface. Incorporating a cold stage, diffraction patterns from NiTiFe samples were obtained at temperatures as low as -160ºC. Overall, this work provided insight in to deformation phenomena in shape memory materials that have implications for engineering applications (e.g., cyclic performance of actuators, engineering life of superelastic components, stiffer shape memory composites and low-hysteresis R-phase based actuators). This work was supported in part by an NSF CAREER award (DMR 0239512).M.S.M.E.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science and Engineering
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Schloerscheidt, Astrid M. "Electrophysiological studies of memory for pictures and words." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14686.
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The retrieval of information from explicit memory has been associated with three temporally and topographically dissociable ERP correlates, an early bilateral and late right frontal component as well as a left parietal effect. The three studies in this thesis investigated that material-specificity of these ERP old/new effects to address the question whether the ERP correlates of memory retrieval vary according to the nature of the information that is retrieved. The studies compared the ERP correlates for retrieval of pictures and words, when presented in the same modality at study and test and when presented across modalities (i.e., words at study - pictures at test or vice versa) in the two phases. Results provided little evidence for the engagement of different neural generators for the retrieval of the different types of stimuli. The topographic differences that emerged, suggested the engagement of a common set of generators activated at different levels and with a different time-course, depending on the type of encoding stimulus and retrieval cue. However, the results did provide further evidence regarding the functional interpretations of the established old/new effects. All experimental conditions revealed a left parietal effect which was largest when the encoding stimuli were presented in pictorial form. Given that the rich perceptual information inherent in pictures leads to a greater incidence of episodic retrieval for pictures (picture superiority effect) the current finding provides further support for the functional interpretation of this effect as the neural correlate of recollection. All experimental conditions also revealed a late right frontal effect which showed no differences in magnitude or topography between the different conditions. This insensitivity to the type of encoded material and the type of retrieval cue supports the interpretation of the effect as the neural correlate of post-retrieval monitoring processes. New functional properties of the early bilateral frontal effect emerged. The effect was only present when stimuli were presented in the same modality at study and test. Thus, the effect appears to be highly sensitive to the perceptual similarity of an item between study and test, which suggests a functional correlation to perceptual data-driven processes, proposed to be one of the bases of familiarity-driven recognition.
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Priyanimal, Karunanayake Dinidu. "`LABORS OF MEMORY’ AND 'GUERILLA-TYPES OF ATTRITION’ IN POST-WARSRI LANKAN MEMORY CULTURE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1408024444.
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Kennedy, Tammie Marie. "Reclaiming Memoria for Writing Pedagogies: Toward a Theory of Rhetorical Memory." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193644.
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While memoria is the fourth canon of rhetoric, its generative power remains essentially absent from rhetoric and composition studies. In my dissertation I use Mnemosyne's story as a way to reconceptualize memoria beyond the confines of mnemonic techniques and memorization. I provide an overview of memoria using the terministic screens of storehouse, invention, and subjectivity in order to explain its absence and the consequences of this gap. I posit that the generative, critical, and embodied qualities of memory shape our ways of knowing and being and our hermeneutical, inventive, and revisionary practices.I argue that memory is rhetorical: it's not just what is remembered/forgotten that matters, but how it is remembered, by whom, for what purpose, and with what effect. Rhetorical memory is a process and product(s) of remembering. Rather than remaining fixed, rhetorical memory is dynamic, relational, infused with emotion, steeped in imagination, and context dependent. It is also relational, not autonomous and continuous. When memory is written, it expresses, analyzes, connects, rebuilds, and transforms the links between private and public, past and present, self and other, reason and emotions, fact and fiction, and mind and body. Rhetorical memory is (re)visionary. In chapter two, I explicate the constructed/reconstructed nature of rhetorical memory as demonstrated by Maxine Hong Kingston in No Name Woman. I also examine how rhetorical memory enriches feminist pedagogy(s), especially how agency might emerge and be sustained. In chapter three, I focus on the critical aspects of rhetorical memory by investigating how the memory of Mary Magdalene was constructed to maintain cultural hegemony. I argue that rhetorical memory provides a critical tool for underrepresented groups to critique, disrupt, and revise truth claims often represented in traditional bodies of knowledge. In chapter four, I assert that rhetorical memory empowers writers to uncover white privilege and take action against such injustices. I also include a section on how I incorporate rhetorical memory into my pedagogical practices. I call on scholar teachers to address how our professional discourses and scholarly conventions impede how we communicate about the kinds of insights we gain from rhetorical memory.
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Afzalnia, Mohammed Reza. "Memory studies from comparative media : four experimental studies: a study in cognitive psychology." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364829.
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Minner, Jonathan. "The Battle of Peleliu in American Memory." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10271603.
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The paper focuses on the Battle of Peleliu and how it was interpret throughout the decades following World War 2. While doing so the paper will answer the question on why the Battle was overshadowed and forgotten through history.
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Macoveanu, Julian. "Neural mechanisms underlying working memory : computational and neuroimaging studies /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-901-7/.
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Rajagopalan, Sudhir. "INSTRUMENTED NANOINDENTATION STUDIES OF DEFORMATION IN SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3283.
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Near equi-atomic nickel titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a class of materials characterized by their unique deformation behavior. In these alloys, deformation mechanisms such as mechanical twinning and stress induced phase transformation between a high symmetry phase (austenite) and a low symmetry phase (martensite) additionally occur and influence mechanical behavior and thus their functionality. Consequently, applications of SMAs usually call for precise phase transformation temperatures, which depend on the thermomechanical history and the composition of the alloy. Instrumented indentation, inherently a mechanical characterization technique for small sampling volumes, offers a cost effective means of empirically testing SMAs in the form of centimeter scaled buttons prior to large-scale production. Additionally, it is an effective probe for intricate SMA geometries (e.g., in medical stents, valves etc.), not immediately amenable to conventional mechanical testing. The objective of this work was to study the deformation behavior of NiTi SMAs using instrumented indentation. This involved devising compliance calibration techniques to account for instrument deformation and designing spherical diamond indenters. Substantial quantitative information related to the deformation behavior of the shape memory and superelastic NiTi was obtained for the first time, as opposed to existing qualitative indentation studies. For the case of shape memory NiTi, the elastic modulus of the B19' martensite prior to twinning was determined using spherical indentation to be about 101 GPa, which was comparable to the value from neutron diffraction and was substantially higher than typical values reported from extensometry (68 GPa in this case). Twinning at low stresses was observed from neutron diffraction measurements and was attributed to reducing the elastic modulus estimated by extensometry. The onset of predominantly elastic deformation of the twinned martensite was identified from the nanoindentation response and the elastic modulus of the twinned martensite was estimated to be about 17 GPa. Finite element modeling was used to validate the measurements. For the case of the superelastic NiTi, the elastic modulus of the parent austenite was estimated to be about 62 GPa. The onset of large-scale stress induced martensite transformation and its subsequent elastic deformation were identified from the nanoindentation response. The effect of cycling on the mechanical behavior of the NiTi specimen was studied by repeatedly indenting at the same location. An increase in the elastic modulus value for the austenite and a decrease in the associated hysteresis and residual depth after the initial few cycles followed by stabilization were observed. As for the case of shape memory NiTi, finite element modeling was used to validate the measurements. This work has initiated a methodology for the quantitative evaluation of shape memory and superelastic NiTi alloys with instrumented spherical indentation. The aforementioned results have immediate implications for optimizing thermomechanical processing parameters in prototype button melts and for the mechanical characterization of intricate SMA geometries (e.g., in medical stents, valves etc.) This work was made possible by grants from NASA (NAG3-2751) and NSF (CAREER DMR-0239512) to UCF.Ph.D.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science and Engineering
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Yick, Yee Ying. "Event related potential studies of recognition memory for faces." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55891/.
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The retrieval processes supporting recognition memory for faces were investigated using event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioural measures. The ERP old/new effects elicited by faces were investigated in five experiments in which participants were required to distinguish between old and new (studied and non-studied) faces. A direct comparison between the ERP old/new effects elicited by faces and words in an old/new recognition memory task in Experiment 1 provided evidence for at least one common old/new effect, as well as evidence for a material-specific retrieval effect that was only present for faces. The subsequent experiments employed "recognition confidence judgments" (Experiments 2 and 3) and "source memory" manipulations (Experiments 4 and 5) to separate neural activity that might be tied to the processes of recollection and familiarity. Across the two recognition confidence experiments, reliable old/new effects were evident mainly for responses that attracted high confidence judgments, and there was little evidence for modulations that were sensitive to the level of recognition confidence systematically. These data indicate that ERPs index memory processes supporting face judgments that are linked to recollection. The two source memory experiments also revealed superior old/new effects which covered both frontal and parietal scalps and which were larger for those correct old responses that attracted correct rather than incorrect source judgments. The ERP data thus provides strong evidence for neural indices of recollection across all experiments. It might be regarded as surprising that, given the findings in ERP studies with verbal materials, no strong evidence for an ERP correlate of familiarity was found in the ERP data. In Experiment 4, a mid-frontal old/new effect in the 300-500ms time window was present for all correct old responses, and was insensitive to the source judgments, suggesting that this modulation is a neural index of familiarity. This pattern of data, however, was not replicated in Experiment 5 when a more rigorous separation between familiarity- and recollection-based responding was employed. These ERP findings are considered in the context of dual-process theories of recognition memory and their broad application across markedly different kinds of studied materials.
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Fletcher, Paul Charles. "Functional neuroimaging studies of long term memory in humans." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446853/.
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This thesis explores contributions of prefrontal cortex (PFC) to memory using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). I begin by considering the cognitive neuroscience of memory processes and the impact that functional neuroimaging may have upon this. I then describe a series of PET and fMRI experiments concerned, primarily, with dissociating frontal contributions to encoding and retrieval processes. These initial studies show that left PFC activation predominates at encoding and right PFC activation at retrieval. Four further studies of left prefrontal activation at encoding are presented. Together, they show that left PFC is sensitive to tasks that require the organisation of encoded material according to its semantic attributes and that a more dorsal region of lateral PFC may specifically reflect the requirement to select from amongst semantic attributes in order to meet specific demands of the tasks. This region, and the behavioural performance associated with it, is shown to be sensitive to interference produced both by competing semantic attributes and by a simultaneously performed, distracting motor task. The two experiments on memory retrieval that are presented here provide evidence for distinctive roles of right dorsolateral and ventrolateral PFC during retrieval of verbal material. The ventrolateral region appears to reflect the changing specification of search parameters that occurs at the outset of a memory search and the dorsolateral PFC activation pattern is consistent with a role in monitoring and verification processes optimising the retrieval process. In conclusion, I review the broader literature on neuroimaging of memory-related frontal cortical function. While there are a number of inconsistencies, I suggest that the results presented here fit into an emerging pattern indicating the importance of PFC in memory encoding and retrieval and the distinctive roles of dorsolateral and ventrolateral regions within and between these memory stages.
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Meki, Shintaro. "Studies on Main Memory Database Systems for Vector Processors." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181853.
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Allan, Kevin. "Event-related potential studies of explicit retrieval from memory." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14696.
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In six studies, Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were employed to investigate the neural basis of conscious (explicit) retrieval from long term memory. The studies provide the first detailed reports of ERP effects associated with explicit retrieval on tests of word-stem (e.g. TRE) cued recall and stem completion. The relationship between the cued recall ERP effects and those previously observed on other tests of memory was also investigated. This was done by directly contrasting ERP correlates of explicit retrieval on the cued recall and recognition memory tasks. Two features of the cued recall and recognition memory ERP effects were found to be highly similar: ERP effects for each task were comprised of parietally and frontally distributed components which differed, as a function of task, only in two respects. First, the parietal effect for cued recall appeared to be somewhat delayed in onset latency relative to that for recognition memory. Second, the hemispheric asymmetry of the frontal effect for cued recall was less marked than that for recognition memory. The two ERP components were interpreted in terms of processes contributing to the recollection of previous episodes in which words were presented for study. A basic distinction between retrieval and post-retrieval processes was invoked to provide a functional account for the two components. The parietal component was related to retrieval processing associated with 'old/new' judgements. The frontal component was related to post-retrieval processing of retrieved information, which may be more under strategic control, and therefore sensitive to factors extrinsic to those affecting retrieval success per se. In conjunction with the findings of other ERP studies of long term memory, the present results suggest that similar electrophysiological and cognitive processes may be involved in retrieval and post-retrieval processing on a wide range of memory tasks. It is proposed that, under certain conditions, a common feature of these tasks may be the requirement to engage working memory, to monitor explicit retrieval processing.
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Mau, Heidi A. "Communicating Legacy: Media, Memory and Harvey Milk." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/438524.
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Media & CommunicationPh.D.
Communicating Legacy: Media, Memory, and Harvey Milk examines publicly available media, artifacts and events in service of remembering Harvey Milk, who in 1977 became the first openly gay man elected to public office in California. Although he addressed issues of a diverse constituency, Milk is often remembered for demanding gay rights, his co-authorship of the San Francisco’s Human Rights Ordinance, and a successful campaign against the passage of Proposition 6 in 1978, a state proposition to prohibit gay men and lesbian women from working in public schools. His political career ended weeks later, when Milk was assassinated, along with San Francisco Mayor George Moscone, by former city supervisor and colleague Dan White. Forms of public and popular media addressing the remembrance of Milk and communicating his legacy include: journalism, books, documentary and fiction film, public art, theatrical and musical performances, memorials, commemorations, public history exhibitions, as well as types of legacy-naming. I term this media material media memoria – material in service of remembering. Through a mix of textual methods (visual/narrative/discourse), fieldwork (participant observation, interviewing) and archival/historical research methods, I examine how Milk media memoria create representations and narratives of Harvey Milk. I focus on how these representations narratives are used over time in the construction, negotiation and maintenance of local, LGBTQIA+ and eventually a larger public memory of Harvey Milk. This project is a mix of history, memory, and media analysis. It is written as an overlapping chronology, so the reader can experience the mediated communication of Milk’s legacy as it moves forward through time. It is situated within the study of media and communication but is interdisciplinary in that it finds inspiration from memory studies, film and media studies, museum and exhibition studies, and public history – all areas in which communication with a public, and mediated communication, play integral parts of collective memory narrative building. Communicating Legacy: Media, Memory and Harvey Milk aspires to be a contribution toward a more comprehensive history of the memory of Milk. The project concludes with a summary of the core and layered Milk memory narratives, a look at the key memory keepers and institutional players in Milk memory maintenance, and a discussion of the future of Milk memory. Through a discussion of how media memoria communicate the legacy of Harvey Milk, the dissertation adds to scholarly knowledge about how collective memory of public figures is constructed in American culture. Additionally, the dissertation works toward resolving deficiencies in research addressing LGBTQIA+ collective memory studies.
Temple University--Theses
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Herrera, Prisma L. "“An Awakening of Critical Consciousness: Unfurlings of (Re)Memory, Resistance and Resiliency”." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1181.
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This thesis does not adhere to “traditional” academic criteria which I feel tends to be rigid, constrained ways of regurgitating knowledge. It is not easily digestible, nor is it something that offers concrete answers. Rather it is a critical understanding of many of my experiences in the last four years of education, with a specific focus on the most recent events that have unfolded in my personal and academic life. This thesis is a journey. It is by witnessing communities in New York City, Bolivia, Tlaxcala, Mexico City, Chiapas and Southern California that continue to struggle and hope in the face of neoliberal, power-hungry nation-states, that propels me forward and brings me hope and a renewed sense of consciousness as to where I want to go.
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Doyle, Michael Christopher. "Electrophysiological studies of formal, derivational and repetition priming." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14693.
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ERPs have been found to be sensitive to formal (i.e. orthographic and phonological) and semantic relationships between words, as well as to word repetition. Such effects have been used to argue that the N400 component of the ERP may reflect processing of the representations of words, i.e. 'lexical processing'. If ERPs do reflect lexical processes then they may also be sensitive to morphological relationships between words which are thought to be lexically represented. The first three experiments investigated the sensitivity of ERPs to morphological relationships between words. Modulations of the ERP resulting from derivational, formal and repetition priming were compared. In each case, there was a positive-going shift in the ERP compared to the ERP elicited by unprimed words. However there was little evidence to suggest that the effects found in the derivational priming condition differed from those found when words were formally but not morphologically similar. A subsequent three experiments focused on these ERP formal priming effects. Formal priming effects were found when the proportion of related items was relatively low, with non-words and with words which were only orthographically similar and with words which were both orthographically and phonologically similar. In each case formal and repetition priming were initially of similar magnitude, with the repetition effect subsequently becoming greater in amplitude than the formal effect. Whilst the distribution of the repetition effect for non-words and the formal priming effects for words and non-words tended to be greatest over the right hemisphere, the word repetition effect was largest over the midline. It is concluded that the N400 does not reflect lexical processing, nor is it specific to semantic processing. Instead the N400 may reflect the operation of a similarity-sensitive mechanism which is sensitive to orthographic, phonological and/or semantic similarity and which may operate in an all-or-none fashion.
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Massee, Sara Marie. "The American Historical Imaginary| Memory, Wealth, and Privilege in American Mass Culture." Thesis, George Mason University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10823611.
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This dissertation seeks to make sense of historicist media in America and the ideological work that they do. It examines a variety of discourses that inflect the texts examined. It focuses on representations of the Anglo-American past since this history, more than any other, is selling to American media consumers and has been for the last thirty years. Consequently, media about Anglo-American history provides vital clues as to what motivates the dominant culture’s invocation of the past.
In order to gain the broadest perspective possible on how historicist media function in America, the texts this dissertation examines come from a variety of media, including television, film, a Renaissance festival, and an experiential history museum. For a similar reason, this dissertation explores three distinct historical locales that have been especially marketable in the United States: the English country house of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Renaissance England, and the American Revolution.
This dissertation argues that the media studied is structured by a contradictory desire for the sense of stability promised by notions of pastness and the sense of freedom, flexibility, and novelty promised by notions of modernity and mass production. As a result of these conflicting desires, historicist media in America can best be characterized as contemporary versions of what Elizabeth Outka described as the nineteenth-century aesthetic of the “commodified authentic.” Like the “commodified authentic,” contemporary historicist media offer to help consumers negotiate anxieties caused by rapid social, technological, and economic change by holding history and modernity in productive tension with one another. Whereas the anxieties addressed in the nineteenth century stemmed largely from the Industrial Revolution though, the anxieties negotiated in contemporary media about the past have to do with digitization, neoliberalization, and the global economic crisis of 2007–2008. However, nineteenth century and current examples of the “commodified authentic” are similar in that by turning to history as a source of stability, they tend to reinforce conservative values, even when they incorporate various forms of liberal social critique. As a result, this dissertation pays special attention to the discourses of class-, gender-, and racial privilege that inflect the media texts examined, particularly when considering what kind of communal American identity (a la Benedict Anderson) my sample texts imagine or imply.
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Deady, Denis K. "Investigating proximate mechanisms and ultimate functions of memory for emotional events." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/196.
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This thesis is an investigation of the proximate mechanisms and ultimate functions of memory for emotional events. The theoretical basis of this Thesis is that in order to reach a full understanding of a biological phenomenon, it is important that both proximate and ultimate (functional) explanations for that phenomenon are explored. Chapters 2 and 3 present an examination of the proximate mechanisms involved in memory consolidation of emotional events. In Chapter 2, three experiments are presented each testing the hypothesis that stress hormone activation immediately following viewing an emotional event enhances memory for that event. Each of the three experiments failed to find an enhancing effect of stress hormone activation on memory consolidation. Chapter 3 describes an investigation into whether the reduced feedback from the body to the brain, which occurs as a result of total spinal cord transection, diminishes the intensity of emotional experience and therefore impairs memory for emotional events. The results of this investigation revealed no differences between spinal cord transection patients and matched control participants in emotional expressivity, emotional awareness and in memory for emotional material. Chapters 4 and 5 explore how memory and emotion may interact differently for males and females and in manner that facilitates their survival and reproduction. Evolutionary theory argues that males should be more concerned than females about threats to their social status, whereas females should be more concerned about threats to their physical appearance and sexual reputation. Chapter 4 describes two experiments testing whether a) males have enhanced emotional arousal and memory for words implying they are of low social status; b) females have enhanced emotional arousal and memory for words implying they are physically unattractive and sexually untrustworthy. The results of these experiments showed that females had enhanced memory for words relating to physical appearance, and partial evidence that males have 2 enhanced memory for words relating to social status. Chapter 5 tests the evolutionary theory that males should be more emotionally aroused and thus have greater memory for cues relating to sexual infidelity (the thought of their partner having sex with another man), whereas females should be more emotionally aroused and have greater memory for cues to emotional infidelity (the thought of their partner forming a close emotional attachment with another woman). It also examines whether relationship status affects emotional arousal and memory for these cues. The results did not find any support for these hypothesised sex difference in memory. However, those ‘currently in a relationship’ did show enhanced emotional arousal to cues to sexual infidelity compared to those ‘currently not in a relationship’. Chapter 6 presents an investigation concerning the evolutionary hypothesis that individuals tend to have enhanced recognition memory for the faces of deceivers or ‘liars’. This chapter describes a study in which participants viewed a series of short video clips of individuals, half of whom were lying, half telling the truth. Participants’ memory for the individuals that appeared in the video clips was tested but there was no evidence of enhanced memory for the faces of ‘liars’. Chapter 7 provides a general discussion of the findings of this thesis. The failure to find an enhancing effect of post learning stress hormone activation on memory for emotional material, and the failure to find an impairment in memory for emotional material in people with total spinal cord transection contradict two established views on the proximate mechanisms involved in emotion, and emotions effect of the brain. How these findings relate to the established mainstream views on emotion and memory are discussed. The findings of studies concerning the functional interaction of memory and emotion presented in this thesis are also discussed in relation to previous research.
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Bruggeman, Seth C. "Birthing Washington: Objects, memory, and the creation of a national monument." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623499.
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The National Park Service's (NPS) George Washington Birthplace National Monument has commemorated Washington and his life for over seventy-five years. For much of that time, the NPS worked closely with the memorial's progenitors, the 'ladies' of the Wakefield National Memorial Association (WNMA). Although equally committed to the preservation of Washington's legacy, these two groups clashed over questions of authenticity, historical authority, and proper commemorative strategy. This dissertation explores their relationship for what it reveals about the rise of public history in this country and Federal involvement therein.;We witness at Washington's birthplace a collision between old-order Colonial Revivalists (led for a time by renowned preservationist Louise DuPont Crowninshield) and a new generation of male museum professionals under NPS Director Horace Albright. The WNMA erected a 'replica' Memorial House atop a site marked in 1815 by George Washington Parke Custis. The NPS determined the Memorial House was neither properly located nor an authentic replica. Still, the WNMA defended the building's veracity. "Birthing Washington" argues that the two groups defined authenticity differently and that those definitions reflected not only gendered difference and political motivation, but also new ways of constituting historical knowledge available during the first half of the twentieth century.;What began as a confused argument about authenticity manifested publicly in decisions made about what kind of objects to display at Washington's birthplace and how to display them. The WNMA preferred charming interiors to the NPS's stark historical realism. Both methods created considerable interpretive possibilities and limitations. Buoyed by national trends, historical realism prevailed at Washington's birthplace. But 'living history' only created new interpretive dilemmas by failing to grapple with old questions about authenticity perpetuated by the Memorial House's ongoing presence. I conclude that sites of public memory cannot help but reify the historical currents of their formative moments and, for that reason, the NPS must challenge itself to interpret the history of commemoration at sites like Washington's birthplace.
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Hill, Anna Christine. "Neurophysiological studies of memory-guided saccadic eye movements in man." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322814.
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Rees, Laura M. (Laura Marie) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The test of memory malingering; simulation studies and clinical validation." Ottawa, 1996.
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Donaldson, David Ian. "Event-related potential studies of explicit memory for associative information." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14689.
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Previous studies employing event related potentials (ERPs) have investigated the neural correlates of explicit memory using item recognition and source memory tests. These studies suggest that recollection, the retrieval of information about specific prior study episodes, is associated with two temporally and topographically dissociable ERP old/new effects. First, the 'left parietal' effect (found in studies of item and source memory) which provides an index of the retrieval processes supporting recollection. Second, the 'right frontal' effect (found in studies of source memory) which is thought to be associated with more strategic task-related 'post-retrieval' memory processes. In the present thesis the ERP old/new effects were investigated in five experiments using tests of explicit memory for associative information. In each experiment subjects studied novel word pairs, and memory for these associations was assessed using associative recognition and associative recall tasks. Consistent with previous behavioural studies that suggest associative recognition is dependent upon recollection, performance on this task was associated with both the left parietal and right frontal old/new effects. Moreover, successful associative recall was associated with equivalent old/new effects, contrary to previous findings that suggest performance on this task is associated with the left parietal but not the right frontal old/new effect. Whilst the findings support the previous functional account of the left parietal old/new effect, they necessitate the refinement of the account of the right frontal old/new effect. Significantly, the ERP findings suggest that the right frontal old/new effect can be dissociated from an early bilaterally-distributed frontal old/new effect that cannot be accounted for in terms of strategic post-retrieval processing. Finally, an alternative account of the frontal effects is proposed, drawing on evidence from neuroimaging studies, and distinguishing between pre- and post-retrieval support processes.
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Wright, Fiona Katrina, and n/a. "Childhood amnesia : retrospective studies, prospective studies, and theoretical explanations." University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070201.112748.
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The overarching goal of this thesis was to examine aspects of childhood amnesia in children, adolescents, and adults, and to evaluate theoretical explanations for the phenomenon. The research addressed three main questions. First, at what age does the boundary of childhood amnesia occur in adults, and what is the shape of the boundary? Second, is it possible for children to verbally express preverbal aspects of their memories after a 6-year delay? Third, is maternal narrative style during early childhood related to the age of adolescents� earliest autobiographical memories?
In Experiment 1A, I examined whether the way in which we ask adults to sample their memories alters estimates of the offset of childhood amnesia. Independent groups of adults were asked to describe and date one memory from any time in their lives associated with each of six cue words (Lifespan Condition), one childhood memory associated with each of six cue words (Childhood Condition), or their earliest memory associated with each of six cue words (Cued Earliest Condition). A fourth group of adults was asked to describe and date their six earliest memories (Uncued Earliest Condition). As predicted, participants in the Cued Earliest and Uncued Earliest Conditions reported earlier memories than participants in the Childhood Condition, who in turn reported earlier memories than participants in the Lifespan Condition. Consistent with prior research, when adults were asked to report their earliest memories, with or without the use of cue words, the mean age of the earliest memory reported was between 3 and 4 years.
In Experiment 1B, I examined the distribution of the early memories reported by six individual adults by asking them to report all the memories that they could recall from each year of childhood, until they had reported at least their 20 earliest memories. When the number of memories recalled was plotted as a function of age at event, the distributions looked like step functions, with the step occurring at ages 4-6 years. Participants also reported some early memories for events that occurred before this age.
In Experiment 2, I examined children�s and parents� verbal and non-verbal recall for a specific event - the Magic Shrinking Machine - after a 6-year delay. The children were aged 27-51 months when they originally played with the machine. After a 6-year delay, nine of 46 children and 26 of 42 parents verbally recalled the event. There were no age-related differences in the amount or accuracy of the information that participants reported about the event. When children�s reports were compared to their task-relevant vocabulary measured at the time of the event, there were just two instances in which a child used a word to describe the event that had not been part of his or her productive vocabulary at the time of the event. Children showed no non-verbal recall of the event, relative to a group of age-matched controls.
In Experiment 3, I tested the hypothesis that the way that parents talk about the past with their children during early childhood will influence the age of these children�s earliest autobiographical memories when they are older. Conversations about past events between 17 mother-child dyads were recorded on multiple occasions between the children�s 2nd and 4th birthdays. When these children were between the ages of 12-13 years, they were asked to describe their earliest autobiographical memory. Adolescents whose mothers used a greater ratio of elaborations to repetitions when discussing the past with their child during early childhood had earlier first memories than did adolescents whose mothers used a smaller ratio of elaborations to repetitions.
The present findings on adults� earliest memories are consistent with a two-stage model of childhood amnesia. Theories that draw on multiple cognitive developments provide a more complete account of childhood amnesia than theories that focus on a single developmental milestone. I propose that neurological maturation and language acquisition set the stage for subsequent language-related developments that contribute to the emergence of autobiographical memory and, ultimately, the offset of childhood amnesia.
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Sorenson, Elizabeth S. "Cache characterization and performance studies using locality surfaces /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd950.pdf.
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George, Kelly. "The Birth of a Haunted "Asylum": Public Memory and Community Storytelling." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/241101.
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Media & CommunicationPh.D.
Public memory of "the Asylum" in contemporary American culture is communicated through a host of popular forms, including horror-themed entertainment such as haunted attractions. Such representations have drawn criticism from disability advocates on the basis that they perpetuate stereotypes and inaccurately represent the history of deinstitutionalization in the United States. In 2010, when Pennhurst State School and Hospital, a closed Pennsylvania institution that housed people understood as developmentally/intellectually disabled, was reused as a haunted attraction called "Pennhurst Asylum," it sparked a public debate and became an occasion for storytelling about what Pennhurst meant to the surrounding community. I apply theoretical perspectives from memory studies and disability studies to the case of "Pennhurst Asylum" in order to understand what is at stake when we remember institutional spaces such as Pennhurst. More specifically, this case study uses narrative analysis of news stories and reader letters, ethnographic observation at the haunted attraction, interviews with key storymakers, and historical/cultural contextualization to examine why this memory matters to disability advocates, former institutional residents and employees, journalists, and other community members. The narrative patterns I identify have ramifications for contemporary disability politics, the role of public communication in the formation of community memory, and scholarly debates over how to approach popular representations of historical trauma. I find that Pennhurst memory fits within contemporary patterns in the narrative, visual, and physical reuse of institutional spaces in the United States, which include redevelopment, memorialization, digital and crowd-sourced memory, amateur photography, Hollywood films, paranormal cable television shows, and tourism. Further, this reuse of institutional spaces has been an occasion for local journalists to take on the role of public historian in the absence of other available authorities. In this case study, the local newspaper (The Mercury) became a space where processes of commemoration could unfold through narrative--and, it created a record of this process that could inform future public history projects on institutionalization in the United States. In the terms of cultural geographer Kenneth Foote (1997), disability advocates attempted to achieve "sanctification" of the Pennhurst property by telling the story of its closure as a symbol of social progress that led to the community-based living movement. Paradoxically, since this version of the Pennhurst story relied on a narrow characterization of Pennhurst as a site of horrific abuse and neglect, it had this in common with the legend perpetuated by the haunted attraction. In contrast, other community members shared memories that showed Pennhurst had long been a symbol of the community's goodwill, service, and genuine caring. In short, public memory of Pennhurst in 2010 was controversial, in part, because the institution's closing in 1987 had itself been controversial. Many still believed it should never have been closed and were thus resistant to the idea of sanctifying its story as an example for future change. When the State abandoned the Pennhurst campus, it left an authority vacuum at a site about which there was still as much public curiosity as there had been when it first opened in 1908. Indeed, this easily claimed authority is part of what "Pennhurst Asylum" is selling. Its mix of fact and fiction offers visitors the pleasure of uncertainty and active detective work--something usually missing at traditional historic sites. Visitors get to touch a mostly unspecified, but nonetheless "real" past mediated by an abundance of historical and contemporary public communication that all attach an aura to Pennhurst as a place where horrific events happened. Rather than suggesting historical amnesia, the strategic fictionalizations made to create the Pennhurst legend show exactly what is remembered about "the Asylum." The legend distances the story away from American history and sets it in a deeper past beyond most living memory. From my observation at the haunted attraction, it appears that the problem isn't that the American public has forgotten "the Asylum"; it may be that we remember too well. Overall, the relationship between institutions and their communities is one of intractable complicity, ensuring that the public memory of "the Asylum" will continue to be deeply fraught. News archives show that for decades local newspapers reported on adverse events at Pennhurst including fire, disease outbreak, accidental death, violence, criminal activity, and a series of State and Federal probes into mismanagement and abuse. This is especially significant because the power structures that allowed the institution to function remain mostly intact. Indeed, the "Pennhurst Asylum" relies not only on our previous knowledge of Pennhurst and the mythic figure of "the Asylum;" it also relies on our fear of medical authority, bodily difference, and most of all, our collective vulnerability to the social mechanisms that continue to define and separate the "normal" and the "abnormal." Even among disability advocates, the act of remembering threatens to recreate the hierarchy of the institution. Some of the same people who had authority at Pennhurst continue to have the authority to tell its story today. Finally, the usefulness of the ghost story as a memory genre reflects both rapid change and surprising stagnation in the role of institutionalization in the United States.
Temple University--Theses
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Wanger, Allison Lynn. ""These honored dead": the national cemetery system and the politics of cultural memory since 1861." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6660.
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In 1861, the U.S. Congress, responding to the growing number of Civil War dead, passed legislation regulating the burial practices of the Union Army. Six years later, the legislative body established a government-administered national cemetery system (NCS) that only interred Union soldiers killed in action. Subsequent pressure, from veterans groups, families, concerned citizens, and Congress led to the expansion of the institution’s eligibility regulations and funerary landscapes. As the product of over a century and a half of political and social negotiations, the NCS now consists of nearly 200 cemeteries, on domestic and foreign soil, that inter a vast array of individuals whom the government has deemed patriots. Drawing on cultural history, memory studies, anthropology, and art history, “These Honored Dead” illustrates how the NCS evolved from necessary wartime burial grounds into a federal memorial institution whose activities defined and announced the nations’ geographic, political, and social boundaries. Through an administrative and cultural history of the institution, this dissertation considers how Americans from diverse backgrounds and within divergent historical contexts have turned to the NCS to understand their individual and national identities and ideals. I look to the institution’s funerary landscapes as physical and affective evidence of how the federal government and the U.S. citizenry negotiate social and political relations. In the process, I interrogate “whose deaths matter?” to the national democratic mission. I argue that by developing national cemeteries and maintaining exclusionary interment regulations, the federal government announced a racialized, gendered, and politicized hierarchy of national belonging. The persistence of the NCS demonstrates that the nation mourns and memorializes patriotic sacrifice, regardless of martial victory, to make sense of contemporary anxieties. This dissertation illustrates the ways that the federal government mediates cultural and social politics, alongside its own interests, to construct a politically and socially useful memorial embodiment of patriotic sacrifice.
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Gjoci, Nina Nazmije. "Remaking Albania: Public Memory of Communist Past." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1525868882263365.
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Fike, Lauren. "Cross-cultural normative indicators on the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) associate learning and visual reproduction subtests." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002484.
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A comprehensive battery of commonly used neuropsychological tests, including the WMS Associate Learning and Visual Reproduction subtests, forming the focus of this study, were administered to a southern African sample (n = 33, age range 18-40). This sample composed of black South African, IsiXhosa speakers with an educational level of Grade 11 and 12, derived through DET and former DET schooling. The gender demographics were as follows; females n = 21 and males n = 12. This sample was purposefully selected based on current cross-cultural research which suggests that individuals matching these above-mentioned demographics are significantly disadvantaged when compared to available neuropsychological norms. This is due to the fact that current norms have been created in contexts with socio-cultural influences; including culture, language and quantity and quality of education distinctly dissimilar to individuals like that composed in the sample. Hence the purpose of this study was fourfold namely; 1) Describe and consider socio-cultural factors and the influence on test performance 2) Provide descriptive and preliminary normative data on this neuropsychologically underrepresented population 3) Compare test performance between age and gender through stratification of the sample and finally to 4) Evaluate the current norms of the two WMS subtests and assess their validity for black South Africans with DET and former DET schooling with comparisons to the results found in the study. Information derived from the statistical analyses indicated that a higher performance in favour of the younger group over the older age range was consistently found for both WMS subtests. With regards to gender, some higher means were evident for the male population in the sample than was produced by the female group. Lastly, due to the fact that most scores derived from the sample were considerably lower when compared to the available norms, it is felt that socio-cultural factors prevalent to this population are a significant cause of lower test performance and thus warrant the development of appropriate normative indicators.
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Popescu, Catalina. "Hippolyte, Atalante and Penthesileia: memory and visualization of three heroic feminine prototypes." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407487507.
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Padgett, Douglas M. "Religion, memory, and imagination in Vietnamese California." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3255506.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Religious Studies, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 19, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: A, page: 1023. Advisers: Robert A. Orsi; Jan Nattier.
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Fu, Taiqi. "Studies on memory consistency and synchronization : failure detection in parallel programs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/NQ44810.pdf.
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Cheng, Shih-Kuen. "Event-related brain potential studies of gist-based source memory errors." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410012.
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Need, Anna Christina. "Molecular genetic studies of hippocampal learning and memory in the mouse." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406281.
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Belkhouja, Mustapha. "Modelling nonlinearities in long-memory time series : simulation and empirical studies." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24010/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'identification et l'estimation des ruptures structurelles pouvant affecter des données économiques et financières à mémoire longue. Notre étude s'est limitée dans les trois premiers chapitres au cadre univarié où nous avons modélisé la dépendance de long terme et les changements structurels simultanément et séparément au niveau de la moyenne ainsi que la volatilité. Dans un premier temps nous n'avons tenu compte que des sauts instantanés d'état ensuite nous nous sommes intéressés à la possibilité d'avoir des changements graduels et lisses au cours du temps grâce à des modèles nonlinéaires plus complexes. Par ailleurs, des expériences de simulation ont été menées dans le but d'offrir une analyse comparative des méthodes utilisées et d'attester de la robustesse des tests sous certaines conditions telle que la présence de la mémoire longue dans la série. Ce travail s'est achevé sur une extension aux modèles multivariés.Ces modèles permettent de rendre compte des mécanismes de propagation d'une variation d'une série sur l'autre et d'identifier les liens entre les variables ainsi que la nature des ces liens. Les interactions entre les différentes variables financières ont été analysées tant à court terme qu'à long terme. Bien que le concept du changement structurel n'a pas été abordé dans ce dernier chapitre, nous avons pris en compte l'effet d'asymétrie et de mémoire longue dans la modélisation de la volatilitéThis dissertation deals with the detection and the estimation of structural changes in long memory economic and financial time series. Within the rest three chapters we focused on the univariate case to model both the long range dependence and structural changes in the mean and the volatility of the examined series. In the beginning we just take into account abrupt regime switches but after we use more developed nonlinear models in order to capture the smooth time variations of the dynamics. Otherwise we analyse the efficiency of various techniques permitting to select the number of breaks and we assess the robustness of the used tests in a long memory environment via simulations. Last, this thesis was completed by an extension to multivariate models. These models allow us to detect the impact of some series on the others and identify the relationships among them. The interdependencies between the financial variables were studied and analysed both in the short and the long range. While structural changes were not considered in the last chapter, our multivariate model takes into account asymmetry effects and the long memory behaviour in the volatility
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Wiles, Janet. "Studies of problems related to parallel distributed associative models of memory." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26291.
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Parallel distributed associative (PDA) models are a new approach to the study of cognition. They lie between neuroscience and traditional psychological level computation. The PDA paradigm departs from the Rationalist tradition which is a logical, language-based approach to cognition and aims to provide a formal description of cognitive processes at the subsymbolic level using distributed memory structures and distributed control.
The first part of this thesis describes an analysis of a PDA model, the Memory Surface Model (MSM) developed by Goldschlager (1984), and compares it to other models in the same paradigm.
The second part concerns the implications of FDA models in developing high level primitives for cognitive processes. A method of representing concepts in PDA models is described, and it is shown that the acquisition of optimal concept prototypes and the communication of concepts in the model are intractable in general. A preliminary study using Johnson-Laird's theory of mental models to provide rational reasoning without an innate logical inference mechanism is described. This is discussed with respect to results of experiments described in the psychological literature.
This thesis investigates the feasibility of FDA models as an approach to studying cognition. It discusses how a distributed architecture could support high level primitives, and some effects of the use of those primitives in cognitive studies.
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Kuo, Trudy Yang. "Cognitive Principles in Source Memory: Behavioral and Event-Related Potential Studies." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193740.
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Source memory is defined as memory for not only the core aspect of some event, but additional contextual detail about that core aspect, or item. Source memory tasks are marked by their engagement of prefrontal cortex in addition to the brain circuits required by other episodic memory tasks. The dissertation examines the relationships among source memory accuracy, concurrent brain activity, and general cognitive principles derived from the study of episodic memory more generally. Electrical measures of brain activity (event-related potentials, ERPs) were recorded while manipulating factors hypothesized to improve or worsen source memory accuracy.The first experiment manipulated the task assigned during the encoding phase and its match to the retrieval demands of remembering objects (depicted in drawings) and their colors. As predicted by the principle of transfer-appropriate processing, source accuracy was higher when the encoding task fostered integration of the item (object) and source (color) attributes. Prefrontal activity during the retrieval phase was greatly reduced when retrieval could benefit from transfer-appropriate processing.In associative memory tasks, poor memory performance is observed when the to-be-retained stimuli share elements with other studied stimuli, as in a variety of interference paradigms. The second experiment thus examined the impact of feature overlap on source recognition by varying the quantitative mapping between the shape and color of an object depicted in a drawing. The results showed two frontal processes supporting source retrieval: an early differentiation between stimuli identical to those encoded and those that switch colors from study to test, and a later effect reflecting prolonged memory search that was truncated by reinstating unique object-color pairings at test.The final experiment compared conjunctions of "intra-item" versus "extra-item" features, by placing the features within a single visual object or distributing them across two visual objects. Source accuracy was worse when shape and color were spatially separated, but prefrontal activity did not vary. The insensitivity of prefrontal ERPs to this perceptual manipulation of difficulty stands in contrast to their sensitivity to encoding task. Individual variability in parietal ERPs was strongly correlated with source accuracy, and likely reflects a contribution of visual working memory to long-term memory.
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Lehman, Melissa. "A global memory model of intentional forgetting." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002402.
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Claassen, Christian. ""The father of the revolution": history, memory and the FNLA veterans of Pomfret." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20720.
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The "official" narrative of the Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola (National Front for the Liberation of Angola, or FNLA) as presented by FNLA documents and scholars such as Christine Messiant and Inge Brinkman, paints a picture of a liberation movement that fragmented and lost its credibility over time, from its inception in 1962 to its demise in 1978.In part, this was due to the actions, or rather inaction of its authoritarian and highly paranoid leader Holden Roberto. In contrast, however, former FNLA fighters I have interviewed remember the FNLA and Holden Roberto as having been the righteous and just vanguard of the Angolan struggle against Portuguese colonialism, and later against the MPLA Soviet"puppet" regime. For the ex-FNLA fighters, the FNLA stood for progress, inclusivity, and justice, to the extent that many of these former fighters have proclaimed their continued loyalty to the FNLA to this day. By making use of concepts such as memory, myth, as well as senses of place, belonging and identity, this thesis will examine these two divergent narratives, and will posit that the respondents' reflections on the FNLA are ultimately tied to their present identities as forgotten and betrayed war veterans.
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Mweso, Clemence. "Legacy of one party dictatorship : collective memory and contestation in Malawi 1994-2004." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12836.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.This thesis explores the significance of the use of historical memory in shaping the nature and dynamics of the democratic dispensation in Malawi, particularly in relation to the legacy of the authoritarian past. The memory of the one-party dictatorship was reactivated on numerous occasions to address contemporary political challenges. Focusing on the period during the second term of the first democratic government when there was a debate on whether or not to extend the terms of office of the president, the thesis investigates how people, individually or as groups, chose to deal with the heritage of the authoritarian past in a democratic era. The proposals to extend the presidential term limit ignited political debates in the contemporary period, that involved collective remembering of the past dictatorship, and political contestation over the shared past in order to create a vibrant democratic process. The thesis shows how the new political elites in democratic Malawi tended to utilise the collective memory of the past dictatorship to legitimise their rule, mobilize support and at times push through agendas that were detrimental to the young democracy. While civil society actors building on strong antidictatorship and anti-authoritarian sentiments, relied on the same collective memory to criticise the actions of the new elite and protest against undemocratic political moves. It is demonstrated that the memory of the atrocities and abuses of the one-party regime played a major role in influencing the masses and civil society to fight against any relapse to authoritarianism. The study ultimately demonstrates the importance of collective memory and its preservation in ensuring that lessons from the past contribute to a better present and future for the nation.
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Weintroub, Jill. "From tin trunk to world-wide memory : the making of the Bleek collection." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3565.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-115).This research sketches the history of the Bleek-L1oyd collection by documenting the cataloguing and archiving of material which has occurred in the years subsequent to the recording of the original manuscripts and certain related material during the closing decades of the nineteenth century. It attempts to track the processes by which material elements (notebooks, manuscripts, printed documents, artefacts, objects and original artworks, correspondence, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, books, photographs, paintings) became consolidated - or separated - as part of the making of what is now known as the Bleek-L1oyd archive. In addition, this research examinesthe various projects of knowledge production and writing which have emanated from the archive in the 80 years since a small part of the notebook texts, edited by Lucy Lloyd, was published in 1911. In particular, I examine ways in which the notebook texts have been deployed in the service of emerging and established academic disciplines including philology, "native studies", folklore and anthropology, archaeology and rock art interpretation. In more recent times, the Bleek collection provides a case study of the archive reconstituted for the new nation, serving not only as a site for the recovery of lost or hidden histories, but also as location for an international, redemptive celebration of indigenous identities
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Fox, Levi. "Not Forgotten: The Korean War in American Public Memory, 1950-2017." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/485919.
Full textAbstract:
HistoryPh.D.
The “forgotten war” is the label most frequently used to recall the conflict that took place in Korea from June 25, 1950 to July 27, 1953, with variations of this phrase found in museum exhibitions and monuments across the country. Since the widespread presence of so many mentions of Korea clearly demonstrates that the Korean War is not forgotten, this project critically evaluates several forms of public memory (including museum exhibitions, historical scholarship, films and television shows, state and local monuments, and memorial infrastructure including bridges, highways, buildings, and trees) in order to explore how the war has come to be called forgotten. This project also seeks to examine the foreign policy issues of labeling the Korean War as forgotten, by exploring how it is recalled globally and why it is essential to remember details about the war. This project also seeks to fill a niche in the scholarly literature on public memory of American wars by examining Korea as prior studies have both WWII and Vietnam. In addition, this project intervenes in several more scholarly conversations ranging from the argument that the television series M*A*S*H was not primarily an allegory for Vietnam, as is often alleged, to the contention that a Korean Anti-War Movement was much more widespread than has been appreciated by academics interested in the history of activism. This dissertation is designed to highlight the ongoing need to remember the Korean War in detail, given the threats to world peace made by North Korea, and to make clear that it is vital to understand the enduring legacy of the war for twenty-first century diplomacy, which can only be done by examining how the war has been publicly recalled and why the forgotten war label persists despite evidence that Korea has been widely remembered.
Temple University--Theses
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Wilding, Edward L. "Recognition memory with and without retrieval of context : studies with event-related potentials." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14684.
Full textAbstract:
In six experiments event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while subjects performed modified recognition memory tests. All experiments consisted of an initial study phase in which subjects studied words which were presented in one of two contexts. In a subsequent test phase subjects discriminated between old and new items, and between old items which had been presented in one of the two contexts at study. The design of these experiments permitted a comparison of three critical classes of ERPs: those to words correctly judged new, and those to words correctly judged old which were either correctly or incorrectly assigned to study context. All six experiments revealed reliable differences between the ERPs to correctly identified old and new words. In experiments 3-6 the analyses of the differences between the ERPs to correctly identified old and new words revealed two topographically and temporally dissociable modulations. The first of these was maximal at parietal sites over the 500-900 msec time window, and was larger over the left hemisphere than over the right. The second modulation was more temporally extended, maximal at frontal scalp locations, and displayed a right-greater than-left hemisphere asymmetry. Both of these modulations were of greater magnitude for words which were correctly assigned to study context. These findings are consistent with the view that multiple neural systems contribute to memory for context. The experimental findings are discussed in relation to theories of the relationship between memory for prior occurrences, and memory for contextual details of those occurrences.