Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mendeleev'

This thesis attempts to determine whether the Russian chemist, Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev, was open to Western ideas and capital in the Russian petroleum industry. It does so by examining five of his trips to study this business, as either an advisor to the Russian government or a private consultant. These voyages took place between 1863 and 1886 and saw Mendeleev in France, the United States and the Caucasus. Each trip produced a combination of personal letters, diaries, and published articles. This work employs a mixture of published and unpublished archival documents. In the process, much is revealed about the history of this industry, its industrialists, as well as Mendeleev's personality.
The introduction outlines the general questions that this thesis aims to answer. Chapter one summarizes Mendeleev's life until he first worked in the oil industry in 1863. These formative years were crucial for Mendeleev. His youthful travels around Europe, studies in Germany and personal inclinations, made him a multi-lingual and cosmopolitan individual. The remaining five chapters examine Mendeleev's trips to study the industry. An epilogue briefly recounts his final years.
The conclusion of this thesis is that contrary to Soviet scholarship, Mendeleev was open to the West. His only requirement was that Western ideas and capital assist in the growth of the Russian oil industry and result in abundant and cheap kerosene for the Russian population.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as concepções a respeito de átomos e elementos químicos, expressas pelo químico russo Dmitri I. Mendeleev (1834 - 1907). Para isso, recorremos a textos desse autor que foram traduzidos para o inglês, principalmente seu livro didático Principles of Chemistry, mas também os artigos \"An Attempt to Apply to Chemistry one of The Principles of Newton\"s Natural Philosophy\", (1889) e \"An Attempt towards a chemical conception of the ether\", (1902). No decorrer do século XIX, a hipótese atômica formulada por Dalton, e elaborada por outros químicos, ainda não era unanimemente aceita pela comunidade científica. Nesse contexto, observamos que Mendeleev se alinhava aos autores que tinham reservas quanto à realidade física dos átomos. Para compreender seus motivos, é importante considerar que os primeiros estudos científicos de Mendeleev se referiam aos chamados \"compostos indefinidos\", isto é, compostos que não obedeciam à lei das proporções múltiplas de Dalton. Mendeleev reconhecia que a hipótese atômica explicava uma série de fenômenos químicos, mas não era capaz de explicar os compostos indefinidos. Por outro lado, Mendeleev propôs uma clara distinção entre os conceitos de elemento químico e de corpo simples. Os elementos seriam entidades abstratas, portadoras da individualidade química, ideia considerada fundamental por Mendeleev e que o conduziu à formulação da lei periódica. Nos escritos analisados, Mendeleev fez uso, de maneira recorrente, da analogia entre o sistema solar e as moléculas. Nessa analogia, os planetas remetem à ideia de individualidade, essencial para a compreensão do conceito de elemento químico; mas, ao mesmo tempo, não remetem à ideia de indivisibilidade física - o ponto da hipótese atômica que por muito tempo foi objeto de descrença por parte de Mendeleev.
This work aims to analyze the concepts of atom and chemical elements, as presented in the writings of the Russian chemist Dmitri I. Mendeleev, (1834 - 1907). In this analysis were used English translations of Mendeleev\"s texts, especially his textbook Principles of Chemistry, but also the papers \"An Attempt to Apply to Chemistry one of The Principles of Newton\'s Natural Philosophy\", (1889) and \"An Attempt Towards a chemical conception of the ether\", (1902). During the nineteenth century, the atomic hypothesis, proposed by Dalton and elaborated by other chemists, was not unanimously accepted by the scientific community. In this context, one may note that Mendeleev was aligned with authors who had reservations about the physical reality of atoms. To understand his reasons, it is important to consider that the first scientific researches performed by Mendeleev were on the so-called indefinite compounds, that is, compounds that did not obey Dalton\"s law of multiple proportions. Mendeleev recognized that the atomic hypothesis explained a series of chemical phenomena, but it could not explain indefinite compounds. Moreover, Mendeleev proposed a clear distinction between the concepts of chemical elements and simple bodies. Elements were abstract entities with chemical individuality, a crucial idea to Mendeleev that led him to the proposition of the periodic law. In the analyzed texts, Mendeleev used, on a recurring basis, the analogy between the solar system and molecules. In this analogy, planets relate to the idea of individuality, which is essential to understand the concept of chemical element, but at the same time does not refer to the idea of physical indivisibility - the point of the atomic hypothesis that has long been subject to disbelief by Mendeleev.

Este trabalho visa a análise dos livros didáticos brasileiros de química de ensino médio em relação à temática de História e Filosofia da Ciência (HFC), e a inserção da História da Ciência em sala de aula, no tópico de tabela periódica. Para esta pesquisa num primeiro momento, foram selecionados os livros de química do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático de Ensino Médio (PNLEM) e para analisá-los foram utilizados critérios propostos por Niaz em uma pesquisa realizada na Venezuela em livros didáticos de química geral do Ensino Superior. Após esta etapa, foi realizada uma pesquisa em sala de aula para verificar como os alunos percebem a História da Ciência quando utilizada como estratégia de ensino para melhorar o entendimento do conteúdo de tabela periódica. Na análise dos livros didáticos percebemos que eles trazem informações sobre a história da ciência, porém, estas são apresentadas de uma forma desintegrada do conteúdo específico, as informações que se encontram nos livros são meramente ilustrativas, não sendo utilizadas como recurso didático. Em sala de aula percebemos que os alunos demonstraram receptividade por conhecer a origem da tabela periódica, mas não demonstram acreditar que isso interfere no seu aprendizado. No entanto foi verificado nos questionários realizados após o estudo de sala de aula, utilizando o contexto histórico de construção da tabela periódica que os alunos demonstraram facilidade na compreensão nos estudos sobre a estrutura da tabela periódica.
The aim of this work is to analyze Brazilian didactic books for intermediate education concerning the subject of History and Philosophy of Science (HPC) and the insertion of History of Science in the classroom within the periodic table topic. The first part of this research was the selection of chemistry books from the “Programa Nacional do Livro Didático de Ensino Médio” (PNLEM) (National Didactic Book Program for High school) and as analysis criteria it was used Niaz’s from a research carried out in Venezuela on chemistry didactic books used in Higher Education. Subsequently, that stage, a research was conducted out in classroom to assess how students perceive History of Science when it was used as a teaching strategy to improve understanding of the periodic table. From the analysis of the didactic books, it can be seen that they show information concerning history of science, however it is presented in a way that is detached from the specific content, all pieces of information found in the books are merely for illustrative purposes and are not used as a didactic resource. In the classroom it can be perceived that students show receptiveness in knowing the origin of the periodic table, but do not seem to believe that it interferes with their learning. However, it was found through questionnaires applied after the study in classroom, using the historic context of the construction of the periodic table, that students showed (more) gabbiness when studying the structure of the periodic table.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften--Berlin--Freie Universität Berlin, 2006.
Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Der @Einfluss der Sprache der Mischna auf das Werk von Mendele Mocher Sefarim / Mohammad Al Qar'a. Contient un résumé en allemand. Bibliogr. p. 398-403.

Exploraremos en los cambios más notables de la última edición del estilo de citación APA, así como en las principales características de las citas y referencias, usadas en las disciplinas de Diseño. Aunque citar y referenciar con APA u otro estilo de citación puede resultar difícil para muchos investigadores, existen gestores bibliográficos como Mendeley, el cual es un sistema de almacenamiento y organización de referencias bibliográficas, que con sólo crear una cuenta permite manejar diferentes herramientas que facilitan la tarea de citar y referenciar.

Dans le foisonnement des classifications des éléments chimiques proposées au cours de la première partie du 19eme siècle, la loi périodique de mendeleiev publiée en 1869 ne fait pas immédiatement la différence. C'est une conjecture audacieuse en porte a faux par rapport au savoir acquis contemporain ; mais s'appuyant sur des données empiriques, elle séduit les chimistes et les chimistes enseignants. La découverte du gallium par Lecoq de boisbaudran en 1875, puis celles successives du scandium et du germanium (éléments chimiques dont l'existence était prédise par la loi de mendeleiev) changeront le cours de sa diffusion en France et probablement dans d'autres pays. Son introduction dans l'enseignement français s'étale sur un demi-siècle, jusqu'au moment ou, dans les années 1920, a la lueur des nouvelles découvertes des physiciens, la classification périodique est élevée au rang de loi naturelle

Auch Wissenschaftler können von Community-Unterstützungssystemen profitieren. Existierende Lösungen dieser Anwendungsdomäne sind beispielsweise spezielle Soziale Netzwerke wie ResearchGate oder erweiterte Publikationsdatenbanken wie Mendeley. Ein Kernproblem dieser Lösungen – wie allgemein von desktop-basierten Sozialen Netzwerken – besteht aber darin, dass auf die Plattformen i.d.R. nur über explizite Suche und primär in der normalen Arbeitsumgebung. d.h. im klassischen Single- User-Schreibtisch-Setting, zugegriffen werden kann. Selbst für den Fall, dass spezifische mobile Lösungen zum ubiquitären Zugriff verfügbar sind, zielen diese ausschließlich auf die asynchrone und dislozierte sowie meist pull-basierte Informationsversorgung von Einzelbenutzern ab und bieten keine explizite Unterstützung synchron-kolozierter Einsatzszenarien, bei denen mehrere Wissenschaftler an einem physischen Ort zusammenkommen (z.B. Konferenzen).

Ponente: Aline Bastos (Brasil)
Gestor de referencias Mendeley que ayuda a organizar las investigaciones y colaborar con otros investigadores en línea. A inicios de año ha actualizado su plataforma y presenta cambios en las herramientas.

The last few years have been characterised by increasing online communication and the emergence of social media, made possible by Web 2.0. In society as well as in research, social media is used for knowledge produc- tion and networking. One example of this is Mendeley, a social reference management tool. With answers from users all over the world, this study investigates the use of Mendeley, if the respondents use other social media and if all of this affects scientific communication. The aim is also to study what the respondents think about the future of scientific communication and if this can be related to current tendencies. The theoretic framework for this study is based on Leah Lievrouws research on the Cycle of Scientific Communication and the relationship between the ”Little Science 2.0”-scenario and the ”Big Science Retrench- ment”-scenario. A qualitative web based survey was conducted (41 answers) and complemented with an interview with a professor in environmental sciences. The main purpose with the interview was to study how Mendeley can be used in collaborations. The results show that Mendeley is used by researchers to store and organize references, read and annotate pdf:s, cite, share articles in groups, search for new references and to present their research and make new ac- quaintances. The answers show that one effect that Mendeley and other social media has on scientific communi- cation is facilitating cooperation across traditional divides. At the same time, some respondents have not seen an effect on their scientific communication yet. Methods to measure impact in social media are requested, which would complement standard citation analysis. Mendeley’s related research function is found valuable in theory, but is in need of significant improvements. The respondents think that the future will be characterized by an increase in openness and sharing, but a tendency to keep scientific results copyrighted and locked behind pay- walls is also present. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information science.

Aline Silva (Brasil) - Expositora / Jeyhson Vicharra (Perú) - Moderador / Rubén Luis (Perú) - Moderador
Conoce todo sobre el gestor de referencias Mendeley, herramienta que ayuda a organizar las referencias bibliográficas de los trabajos académicos y/o documentos de investigación, haciendo que elaborar citas y referencias sea mucho más fácil.

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Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa exploratória usando o algoritmo Naive Bayes com capacidade para classificar documentos no Mendeley usando até cinco classes de saída, definidas com base na quantidade de leitores dos documentos. Usando uma série de atributos que foram encontrados durante a coleta de dados, é realizada a classificação para tentar identificar padrões nos atributos, a fim de reconhecer lógicas sociais dos cientistas, que envolve tanto o comportamento quanto sua dinâmica nas redes sociais científicas. Para fins de concretização deste trabalho, foi aplicada uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura, a fim de buscar o estado da arte de pesquisas que envolvam o uso de Reconhecimento de Padrões em Redes Sociais Científicas, além da aplicação de um método que envolve o uso de algoritmos desenvolvidos para o tratamento automático de todos os dados coletados no Mendeley.
This work is an exploratory research using the Naive Bayes algorithm with the ability to classify documents in Mendeley using the output classes, based on the amount of reading of the documents. Using a series of data that was found during a data collection, a classification is given to check the patterns in the attributes, an end to recognize the social logics of the scientists, that involve both the behavior and its dynamics in scientific social networks. For the purpose of this work, a literature systematic review was applied, with emphasis on the use of methods that involve the use of social networking concepts, as well as the application of a method for the use of algorithms. Created for automatic processing of all data collected at Mendeley.

Una de las competencias que las universidades buscan desarrollar en los alumnos es la investigación. Actualmente, constituye una actividad fundamental que se evidencia a través de textos científicos como trabajos académicos, revisiones bibliográficas, artículos científicos, entre otros. Una sección importante de este tipo de documentación corresponde al contexto teórico que se desarrolla y que se acompaña de las referencias bibliográficas. El conocimiento de estas estrategias de citación es importante porque se debe utilizar de manera ética y responsable la información que se incorpora al elaborar un trabajo académico y/o científico. En tal sentido, en la presente guía se presenta la norma Vancouver, dirigida principalmente para la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Psicología. La guía se basa en el libro Citing Medicine y expone ejemplos de citación y referencias en Vancouver, con el objetivo garantizar un orden en los trabajos de investigación.
Research is one of the competencies that universities seek to develop in students. Currently, it constitutes a fundamental activity that is evidenced through scientific texts such as academic works, bibliographic reviews, papers and others. An important section of this type of documentation corresponding to the theoretical context that is developed and that is accompanied by bibliographic references. It is important to know these citation strategies because the information that is incorporated when preparing an academic or scientific work must be used in an ethical and responsible way. For that reason, the guide presents the Vancouver style, directed mainly to Health Sciences and Psychology Faculty. The guide is based on the book Citing Medicine and presents examples of citation and references in Vancouver.

Scholarship on the founder of modern Jewish literature, Sholem Abramovitch (1836-1917), is a rich field of study, yet it has been largely abandoned today, and the author has hardly been studied at all in nineteenth-century comparative European context. This study uses an unprecedented comparison between Abramovitch and his contemporary, Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881), to reveal the complexity with which Abramovitch pioneered the integration of European and Russian literary trends into Jewish literature. These writers came from very different cultures and literary situations; however, they also shared many of the same influences due to their shared location in Tsarist Russia in the mid nineteenth century. During this time, the cultural sources and social preoccupations of their intelligentsias increasingly converged, producing a shared zeitgeist which – in combination with their similar early experiences and tendencies for dialogism (contradictory duality) – led to their many literary intersections. A comparison of their oeuvres reveals similar replacements of Gogol’s condescension toward poor protagonists with compassion, subversions of the feuilleton in the service of social critique, unprecedented uses of the “dialogic word,” new variations on the European theme of the “fantastic city,” applications of contemporary concepts such as “necessary egoism” and “free will” to the psyche of the downtrodden, enlistments of the Devil to warn against the dangers of Utilitarianism, and literary efforts to bridge the gap between the classes which include a convergence between romanticism and religion. Though Abramovitch has been designated as a satirist and realist, this study shows how he also pioneered the integration of romanticism into Jewish literature through, psychological penetration of the poor, and themes such as: the truth inherent in emotion, the subconscious and folklore, the transcendent wisdom of the people, and the divine meaning of nature. Abramovitch has been compared on isolated themes with other Russian writers, such as Turgenev, Shchedrin and Gogol; however, only a comparison with Dostoevsky can reveal the nuance and complexity of his many formal and thematic achievements.
Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations

Das Dokument bietet einen Vergleich von sechs Literaturverwaltungsprogrammen - Zotero, Citavi, Mendeley, RefWorks, EndNote und JabRef. Es wurden Versionen mit Stand 06/2018 getestet. Folgende Kriterien finden Berücksichtigung: Allgemeines und Installation, Import- / Exportvarianten, Dateneingabe und -bearbeitung, Anzeige und Suche, Zitieren und Literaturlisten, Kooperation, Wissensorganisation, Besonderheiten und Support. Der Vergleich schließt mit einer Gesamtbewertung der Stärken und Schwächen und gibt zielgruppenspezifische Auswahlempfehlungen.

A presente tese aborda o primeiro livro escrito em ídiche por Mêndele Môikher1 Sfórim, Dos Kleine Mêntshele (O Pequeno Homenzinho) através de várias leituras do mesmo, em mais de uma versão, às quais sucedeu-se uma traduçãocuidadosa para o português. Faz considerações e referências sobre vida e obra do autor, cognominado jocosamente, por Shólem Aleikhem, de o avô da moderna literatura ídiche. Ele foi também um dos precursores do ressurgimento da língua hebraica. Shólem Yákov Abramovitsh, seu verdadeiro nome, foi um dos importantes intelectuais conscientes do momento histórico e do processo linguístico de seu povo, no final do século XIX, no leste europeu, ao qual propunha auto respeito, profissionalização e não renegação do judaísmo. A escolha de seu pseudônimo, Mêndele, o vendedor de livros, serve de pretexto para a sua participação como personagem das histórias, dada a importância e atuação de tal profissional na sociedade retratada. O texto ídiche é permeado de frases e citações em hebraico que foram trazidas para o português no mesmo padrão de linguagem do texto original.
This dissertation studies Dos Kleine Mentshele The Little Man the first book ever written in yiddish by the writer Mendele Moikher Sforim through many readings of it in more that one version, followed by careful translation into Portuguese. It makes considerations and references about Mendeles life and work. He was nicknamed by Sholem Aleikhem the grandfather of the Modern Yiddish Literature. He was one of the precursors of the revival of the Hebrew language. Sholem Yakov Abramovitch, his real name, was one of the most important intellectuals aware of the historical moment and of the linguistic process of his people at the end of the 19th century in Eastern Europe, and suggested self respect, professionalization and no Jewish denial for the historical moment and the linguistic process. The choice of his pen name, Mendele, the book peddler, allows his participation as personage of his stories because the significance and acting od such professional in the described society. The Yiddish text is permeated by Hebrew sentences and quotations brought to Portuguese at the same linguistic level.

Altmetrics is a movement that aims to capture new and previously invisible types of impact of scholarly publications on social web platforms such as news sites, Wikipedia, blogs, microblogs, social bookmarking tools and online reference managers. This thesis aimtries to explore the suitability and reliability of two altmetrics resources: Mendeley, a social reference manager website, and Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia, written collaboratively by the people who use it. At present, Wikipedia is the largest online encyclopedia. The main objectives of this thesis are to explore the use of reference management software and Wikipedia to estimate the readership of academic literature and to compare the evolution in the coverage of LIS literature by altmetric sources and by citation indexes. To reach these objectives, three different studies were designed. The general method to achive toobtain the initial data set was to search is that we used the Social Sciences Citation Index to retrieve articles and reviews published and indexed in the category “Information Science & Library Science”. Each record was then searched in Mendeley to obtain the number of bookmarks of the paper and the academic status of the users. Additonally, we performed a fifteen-month longitudinal study of the evolution of bookmarks in Mendeley. Afterwards, we searched for each of these articles in Wikipedia, and retrieved all the entries in which they were cited. The Results results of these studies show that the correlation between bookmarks and citations was moderate and the overlap between the most frequently bookmarked and the most frequently cited papers increased over time. A significant share of the bookmarks were made by students and professionals, although the shares of bookmarks made by different categories of users changed as time went by. Reviews were bookmarked more frequently than articles, and papers in English had more bookmarks than papers in any other language. Also results reveal severe limitations in the use of Wikipedia citations for research evaluation. Lack of standardization and incompleteness of Wikipedia references make it difficult to retrieve them. The number of Wikipedia citations is very low, A significant number of references are cited in biographical entries about the authors of the articles, resulting in a phenomenon of accumulated advantage. Nearly one-third of the Wikipedia citations link to an open access source, although this result is probably an underestimate of open access availability, given the incompleteness of Wikipedia citations.
Altmetrics es un movimiento que tiene como objetivo capturar nuevos tipos de impacto, antes invisibles, de las publicaciones académicas en las plataformas de la web social, tales como sitios de noticias, Wikiped ia, blogs, microblogs, herramientas de marcadores sociales y gestores de referencias en línea. Esta tesis pretende explorar la pertinencia y fiabilidad de dos recursos altmétricos: Mendeley, un sitio web de gestión de referencia social, y Wikipedia, una enciclopedia online gratuita escrita en colaboración por las personas que la utilizan. Actualmente, Wikipedia es la mayor enciclopedia en línea. Los principales objetivos de esta tesis son investigar el uso del software de gestión de referencia y de Wikipedia para estimar el número de lectores de literatura académica y comparar la evolución en la cobertura de la literatura de Ciencias de la Información y Biblioteconomía (Library and Information Science, por sus siglas en inglés), según fuentes altmétricas y por índices de citas. Para alcanzar estos objetivos, se diseñaron tres estudios diferentes. El método general para acceder al conjunto de datos consistía en utilizar el Social Sciences Citation Index para recuperar revisiones y artículos publicados e indexados en la categoría «Information Science & Library Science». Se buscó cada registro en Mendeley para obtener el número de marcadores del documento y el estatus académico de los usuarios. De manera adicional, realizamos un estudio longitudinal durante quince meses para estudiar la evoluci ón en el número de marcadores. Posteriormente, buscamos cada uno de estos artículos en Wikipedia y recuperamos todas las entradas en las que fueron citados. Los resultados de estos estudios muestran que la correlación entre los marcadores y las citas era moderada y la coincidencia entre los documentos guardados en marcadores con más frecuencia y los más citados aumentó con el tiempo. Una parte significativa de los marcadores los habían hecho estudiantes y profesionales, aunque el número de marcadores hechos por diferentes categorías de usuarios cambiaron con el paso del tiempo. Las revisiones se guardaban en marcadores con más frecuencia que los artículos, y los documentos en inglés tenían más marcadores que los documentos en cualquier otro idioma. Los resultados también revelan severas limitaciones en el uso de citas de Wikipedia para la evaluación de investigación. La falta de estandarización y el carácter incompleto de las referencias de Wikipedia dificultan su recuperación. El número de citas de Wikipedia es muy bajo, y un número significativo de referencias se citan en las entradas biográficas dedicadas a los autores de los artículos, lo que supone una ventaja acumulada. Cerca de un tercio de las citas de Wikipedia se vinculan a una fuente de acceso abierto, aunque probablemente este resultado sea una subestimación de la disponibilidad de acceso a estas fuentes, dado que las citas de Wikipedia están incompletas.

Dans la plupart des systèmes nécessitant la modélisation de l'utilisateur pour adapter l'information à ses besoins spécifiques, l'utilisateur est représenté avec un profil généralement composé de ses centres d'intérêts. Les centres d'intérêts de l'utilisateur sont construits et enrichis au fil du temps à partir de ses interactions avec le système. De par cette nature évolutive des centres d'intérêts de l'utilisateur, le profil de l'utilisateur ne peut en aucun moment être considéré comme entièrement connu par un système. Cette connaissance partielle du profil de l'utilisateur à tout instant t a pour effet de réduire considérablement les performances des mécanismes d'adaptation de l'information à l'utilisateur lorsque le profil de l'utilisateur ne contient pas (ou contient très peu) les informations nécessaires à leur fonctionnement. Cet inconvénient est particulièrement plus récurrent chez les nouveaux utilisateurs d'un système (instant t=0, problème du démarrage à froid) et chez les utilisateurs peu actifs. Pour répondre à cette problématique, plusieurs travaux ont exploré des sources de données autres que celles produites par l'utilisateur dans le système : utilisateurs au comportement similaire (utilisé dans le filtrage collaboratif) ou données produites par l'utilisateur dans d'autres systèmes (conception de profil utilisateur multi-application et gestion des identités multiples des utilisateurs). Très récemment, avec l'avènement du Web social et l'explosion des réseaux sociaux en ligne, ces derniers sont de plus en plus étudiés comme source externe de données pouvant servir à l'enrichissement du profil de l'utilisateur. Ceci a donné naissance à de nouveaux mécanismes de filtrage social de l'information : systèmes de recherche d'information sociale, systèmes de recommandation sociaux, etc. Les travaux actuels portant sur les mécanismes de filtrage social de l'information démontrent que ce nouveau champ de recherche est très prometteur. Une étude sur les travaux existants nous permet tout de même de noter particulièrement deux faiblesses : d'une part, chacune des approches proposées dans ces travaux reste très spécifique à son domaine d'application (et au mécanisme associé), et d'autre part, ces approches exploitent de manière unilatérale les profils des individus autour de l'utilisateur dans le réseau social. Pour pallier ces deux faiblesses, nos travaux de recherche proposent une démarche méthodique permettant de définir d'une part un modèle social générique de profil de l'utilisateur réutilisable dans plusieurs domaines d'application et par différents mécanismes de filtrage social de l'information, et à proposer d'autre part, une technique permettant de dériver de manière optimale des informations du profil de l'utilisateur à partir de son réseau social. Nous nous appuyons sur des travaux existants en sciences sociales pour proposer une approche d'usage des communautés (plutôt que des individus) autour de l'utilisateur. La portion significative de son réseau social est constituée des individus situés à une distance maximum k de l'utilisateur et des relations entre ces individus (réseau k-égocentrique). A partir de deux évaluations de l'approche proposée, l'une dans le réseau social numérique Facebook, et l'autre dans le réseau de co-auteurs DBLP, nous avons pu démontrer la pertinence de notre approche par rapport aux approches existantes ainsi que l'impact de mesures telles que la centralité de communautés (degré ou proximité par exemple) ou la densité des réseaux k-égocentriques sur la qualité des résultats obtenus. Notre approche ouvre de nombreuses perspectives aux travaux s'intéressant au filtrage social de l'information dans de multiples domaines d'application aussi bien sur le Web (personnalisation de moteurs de recherche, systèmes de recommandation dans le e-commerce, systèmes adaptatifs dans les environnements e-Learning, etc. ) que dans les intranets d'entreprise (systèmes d'analyses comportementales dans les réseaux d'abonnés de clients télécoms, détection de comportements anormaux/frauduleux dans les réseaux de clients bancaires, etc. )
In most systems that require user modeling to adapt information to each user's specific need, a user is usually represented by a user profile in the form of his interests. These interests are learnt and enriched over time from users interactions with the system. By the evolving nature of user's interests, the user's profile can never be considered fully known by a system. This partial knowledge of the user profile at any time t significantly reduces the performance of adaptive systems, when the user's profile contains no or only some information. This drawback is particularly most recurrent for new users in a system (time t = 0, also called cold start problem) and for less active users. To address this problem, several studies have explored data sources other than those produced by the user in the system: activities of users with similar behavior (e. G. Collaborative filtering techniques) or data generated by the user in other systems (e. G. , multi-application user's profiles, multiple identities management systems). By the recent advent of Social Web and the explosion of online social networks sites, social networks are more and more studied as an external data source that can be used to enrich users' profiles. This has led to the emergence of new social information filtering techniques (e. G. Social information retrieval, social recommender systems). Current studies on social information filtering show that this new research field is very promising. However, much remains to be done to complement and enhance these studies. We particularly address two drawbacks: (i) each existing social information filtering approach is specific in its field scope (and associated mechanisms), (ii) these approaches unilaterally use profiles of individuals around the user in the social network to improve traditional information filtering systems. To overcome these drawbacks in this thesis, we aim at defining a generic social model of users' profiles that can be reusable in many application domains and for several social information filtering mechanisms, and proposing optimal techniques for enriching user's profile from the user's social network. We rely on existing studies in social sciences to propose a communities (rather than individuals) based approach for using individuals around the user in a specific part of his social network, to derive his social profile (profile that contains user's interest derived from his social network). The significant part of the user's social network used in our studies is composed of individuals located at a maximum distance k (in the entire social network) from the user, and relationships between these individuals (k-egocentric network). Two evaluations of the proposed approach based on communities in k-egocentric networks have been conducted in the online social network Facebook and the co-authors network DBLP. They allow us to demonstrate the relevance of the proposal with respect to existing individual based approaches, and the impact of structural measures such as the centrality of communities (degree or proximity) or user's k-egocentric network density, on the quality of results. Our approach opens up many opportunities for future studies in social information filtering and many application domains as well as on the Web (e. G. Personalization of search engines, recommender systems in e-commerce, adaptive systems in e-Learning environment) or in Intranets business systems (e. G. Behavioral analysis in networks of subscribers telecom customers, detection of abnormal behavior network bank customers, etc. )

Das Dokument enthält einen Vergleich von sechs Literaturverwaltungsprogrammen - Zotero, Citavi, Mendeley, RefWorks, EndNote und JabRef. Es wurden Versionen mit Stand 11/2016 getestet. Folgende Kriterien wurden berücksichtigt: Allgemeines und Installation, Import- / Exportmöglichkeiten, Dateneingabe und -bearbeitung, Anzeige und Suche, Kooperation, Zitieren und Literaturlisten, weitere Funktionen und Benutzung. Der Vergleich schließt mit einer Gesamtbewertung der Stärken und Schwächen und gibt zielgruppenspezifische Auswahlempfehlungen.

Scholarly impact and visibility have traditionally been assessed by estimating the number and quality of publications and citations in the scholarly literature. But now scholars are increasingly visible on the Web. Twitter, Mendeley and other social media platforms are quite well-known and interesting tools for sharing research articles among scholars. Based on the capabilities of altmetrics, this thesis analyses the altmetric coverage and impact of LIS articles published by Swedish universities during 2013 to 2017. It also tries to paint a picture of demographic of people engaged with these articles. The most common altmetric sources are considered using a sample of 170 LIS journal articles. The findings were interpreted using two different sociological theories: the normative theory of Merton´s norms and the theory of social constructivism. The result of the study showed that Mendeley has the highest coverage of journal articles (65 percent) followed by Twitter (33 percent) while very few of the publications are mentioned in blogs or on Facebook. Researchers were the main Mendeley readers of articles with 53 percent, followed by the general public at 26 percent. This study, on the other hand, found out that public users were the main group that shared articles on Twitter. The list of articles with a high number of tweets showed that most topics in the field of LIS are associated with bibliometrics and citation impacts. The results demonstrate that the adoption of altmetric methods within the LIS fields is inevitable, but several issues must be considered to identify their potential.