To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Meningitis.
Journal articles on the topic 'Meningitis'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Meningitis.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Intra, Jari, Davide Carcione, Roberta Maria Sala, Claudia Siracusa, Paolo Brambilla, and Valerio Leoni. "Surveillance of Bacterial Meningitis in the Italian Hospital of Desio: A Twenty-Year Retrospective Study." Applied Microbiology 4, no. 1 (March 5, 2024): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4010033.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection with a high fatality rate, and affects children in particular. Three vaccines against the most common bacterial causatives of meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitides, exist. Monitoring the type and incidence of bacterial meningitis is important for making future prevention and control plans. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed data regarding bacterial meningitis recovered in the Italian Hospital of Desio from 2000 to 2019. Samples from a total of 128 patients were included. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common microorganism, isolated in 45 cases, followed by Neisseria meningitidis (14), Listeria monocytogenes (8), Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) (4), and Haemophilus influenzae type b (2). The implementation of vaccination schedules decreased the number of bacterial meningitis cases caused by H. influenzae type b, S. pneumoniae, and N. meningitidis. Considering the bacterial meningitis cases in subjects aged 0–12 years, no H. influenzae type b strain was isolated, five cases of N. meningitidis were identified before the introduction of vaccination, and seven S. pneumoniae strains were isolated before the introduction of the PCV13 vaccination. Surveillance studies allowed us to monitor changes in bacteria distribution and to guide vaccination strategies.
2
Kourna Hama, Mamadou, Dam Khan, Boubou Laouali, Catherine Okoi, Abdoulaye Yam, Moussa Haladou, Archibald Worwui, et al. "Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Niger: Increased Importance of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C, and a Decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae Following 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_2 (September 5, 2019): S133—S139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz598.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Meningitis is endemic in Niger. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) were introduced in 2008 and 2014, respectively. Vaccination campaign against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A was carried out in 2010–2011. We evaluated changes in pathogen distribution using data from hospital-based surveillance in Niger from 2010 through 2016. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from children <5 years old with suspected meningitis were tested to detect vaccine-preventable bacterial pathogens. Confirmatory identification and serotyping/grouping of Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae were done. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed on S. pneumoniae isolates. Results The surveillance included 2580 patients with suspected meningitis, of whom 80.8% (2085/2580) had CSF collected. Bacterial meningitis was confirmed in 273 patients: 48% (131/273) was N. meningitidis, 45% (123/273) S. pneumoniae, and 7% (19/273) H. influenzae. Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis decreased from 34 in 2014, to 16 in 2016. PCV13 serotypes made up 88% (7/8) of S. pneumoniae meningitis prevaccination and 20% (5/20) postvaccination. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NmC) was responsible for 59% (10/17) of serogrouped N. meningitidis meningitis. Hib caused 67% (2/3) of the H. influenzae meningitis isolates serotyped. Penicillin resistance was found in 16% (4/25) of S. pneumoniae isolates. Sequence type 217 was the most common lineage among S. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusions Neisseria meningitidis and S. pneumoniae remain important causes of meningitis in children in Niger. The decline in the numbers of S. pneumoniae meningitis post-PCV13 is encouraging and should continue to be monitored. NmC is the predominant serogroup causing N. meningitidis meningitis.
3
Rončević Filipović, Mari, Lari Gorup, Đurđica Cekinović Grbeša, Biserka Trošelj Vukić, Irena Slavuljica, Ivica Pavić, Alen Piralić, Marija Livajić, Samira Knežević, and Lucija Sušanj. "Cerebral toxocariasis." Medicina Fluminensis 57, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21860/medflum2021_261194.
Full textAbstract:
Cilj: Prikazati slučaj bolesnika s atipičnom kliničkom slikom toksokaroze, koja se manifestirala izoliranom afekcijom središnjeg živčanog sustava. Prikaz slučaja: Bolesnik u dobi od 55 godina liječen je u Klinici za infektivne bolesti KBC-a Rijeka zbog cerebralne toksokaroze koja se prezentirala inicijalno aneozinofilnim aseptičnim meningitisom. Klinički tijek bolesti u početku nije ukazivao na parazitarnu infekciju, već je dijagnoza postavljena nakon ponavljajućih citološko-biokemijskih i seroloških analiza cerebrospinalnog likvora i seruma. Zaključci: Cerebralna toksokaroza je rijetka bolest, a može se prezentirati i kao teški meningitis, encefalitis ili mijelitis. Prikaz slučaja bolesnika s dokazanom cerebralnom toksokarozom koja se inicijalno prezentirala kao aneozinofilni aseptični meningitis ukazuje na važnost uključivanja neurotoksokaroze u diferencijalnu dijagnozu sindroma aseptičnog meningitisa bez drugog dokazanog uzročnika.
4
Claudia, Cambrea Simona, Marcas Consuela, Diaconu Simona, Mihai Raluca, Pinzaru Anca Daniela, Mangu Florin, and Mihai Larisia. "Evolution of Different Bacterial Mningoencephalitis: Series of Case Presentations and Literature Review." ARS Medica Tomitana 25, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsm-2019-0029.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Bacterial meningitis is one of the most important medical emergencies, a life-threatening condition that leads to death in all the cases in untreated patients. In infants and young children, especially under 5 years old, the most encountered and severe forms are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Hemophilus influenzae type b. The risk of neurological impairment after an acute episode of bacterial meningitis is relatively high. Worldwide, prevention through vaccination decreased dramatically incidence and mortality related to these disease. In Romania vaccination for Neisseria meningitides is optional available for just 6 months, vaccination for Streptococcus pneumoniae by one year, and for Haemophylus influenzae type B is available over 10 years. We present evolution of a series of three cases with different bacterial meningoencephalitis with severe evolution and prolonged hospitalization. All these cases were reported in unvaccinated children for germs that cause meningitis.
5
Soeters, Heidi M., Alpha Oumar Diallo, Brice W. Bicaba, Goumbi Kadadé, Assétou Y. Dembélé, Mahamat A. Acyl, Christelle Nikiema, et al. "Bacterial Meningitis Epidemiology in Five Countries in the Meningitis Belt of Sub-Saharan Africa, 2015–2017." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, Supplement_4 (October 31, 2019): S165—S174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz358.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The MenAfriNet Consortium supports strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in key high-risk countries of the African meningitis belt: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Togo. We describe bacterial meningitis epidemiology in these 5 countries in 2015–2017. Methods Case-based meningitis surveillance collects case-level demographic and clinical information and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) laboratory results. Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae cases were confirmed and N. meningitidis/H. influenzae were serogrouped/serotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction, culture, or latex agglutination. We calculated annual incidence in participating districts in each country in cases/100 000 population. Results From 2015–2017, 18 262 suspected meningitis cases were reported; 92% had a CSF specimen available, of which 26% were confirmed as N. meningitidis (n = 2433; 56%), S. pneumoniae (n = 1758; 40%), or H. influenzae (n = 180; 4%). Average annual incidences for N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae, respectively, were 7.5, 2.5, and 0.3. N. meningitidis incidence was 1.5 in Burkina Faso, 2.7 in Chad, 0.4 in Mali, 14.7 in Niger, and 12.5 in Togo. Several outbreaks occurred: NmC in Niger in 2015–2017, NmC in Mali in 2016, and NmW in Togo in 2016–2017. Of N. meningitidis cases, 53% were NmC, 30% NmW, and 13% NmX. Five NmA cases were reported (Burkina Faso, 2015). NmX increased from 0.6% of N. meningitidis cases in 2015 to 27% in 2017. Conclusions Although bacterial meningitis epidemiology varied widely by country, NmC and NmW caused several outbreaks, NmX increased although was not associated with outbreaks, and overall NmA incidence remained low. An effective low-cost multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine could help further control meningococcal meningitis in the region.
6
Amin, Muhammad, Asim Khurshid, Mukhtar Ahmad, and Zunaira Javed. "Etiology and outcome of culture proven bacterial meningitis in children 6 to 24 months of age." Professional Medical Journal 26, no. 09 (September 10, 2019): 1451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.09.2562.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Pediatric bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening illness that results from bacterial infection of the meninges and leaves some survivors with significant sequelae. More than 2/3 cases of meningitis occur in the 1st 2 years of life, owing to decreased immunity and high vascularity of the brain.This study was conducted to determine the frequency of hemophilus influenzae type b, streptococcus pneumonia and neisseria meningitidis and outcome in culture proven meningitis in children 6 months to 24 months. Study Design: Case series. Setting: Paeds Unit 1, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur and Paeds Unit of District Headquarter (DHQ) Teaching Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan. Period: 1st April 2017 to 30th September 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 220 children (110 from each center) of either sex with culture proven meningitis, aged 6 months to 24 months, were included in the study. Demographics, duration of fever, history of seizures, weight of child, vaccination status and bacteria isolated from CSF and outcome were analyzed. The outcome in the form of mortality was noted during the first 10 days of hospital stay. Results: Amongst a total of 220 children, 123 (55.9%) were male. There were 130 (59.1%) children who were less than or equal to 1 year of age. There were 154 (70.0%) children who were having a weight of 7 to 10 kg. Vaccination status was, 111 (50.5%) were fully vaccinated, 59 (26.8%) partially vaccinated and 50 (22.7%) not vaccinated. Duration of fever was, 141 (64.1%) had fever for more than 5 days. There were 139 (63.2%) children who had a history of seizures. Streptococcus pneumonia was the commonest bacteria found in 110 (50%) children followed by neisseria meningitides 53 (24.1%), H. Influenza 37 (16.8%). Overall mortality was noted in 34 (15.5%) children. Conclusion: In children with bacterial meningitis, mortality was high and most common bacteria were found to be s.pneumoniae followed by neisseria meningitidis and h.influenzae. Awareness about the empiric and directed antimicrobial therapy will help to lower the burden of morbidity and mortality related to bacterial meningitis.
7
Thomas, J., and I. M. Cheshire. "Evaluation of cochlear implantation in post-meningitic adults." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 113, no. 24 (August 1999): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100146067.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMeningitis is an important cause of deafness and in some studies has been associated with poorer outcomes in adult patients following cochlear implantation. Of the first 100 adults implanted under the Midland Cochlear Implant Programme, 28 were deafened as a result of meningitis. We compare our experience with these patients with patients with a non-meningitic aetiology.A degree of cochlear ossification was a more common finding in the meningitic group. In six cases (four meningitics, two non-meningitics) ossification was encountered only during surgery, not being apparent on pre-operative radiology.The average scores achieved on auditory tests by the meningitic group were similar to those achieved by non-meningitic patients. At nine months, using only the implant, users were able to identify 54 per cent of common environmental sounds, achieved an average score of 30 words per minute on connected discourse tracking and identified an average of 42 per cent of words correctly in BKB sentences.Poorer outcomes were more commonly associated with cochlear ossification. In patients with cognitive and neurological sequelae, benefits with the implant were not always apparent in the early months, however, with intensive therapy these patients can obtain measurable sustained benefit from their implant.
8
Janowski, Andrew B., and Jason G. Newland. "From the microbiome to the central nervous system, an update on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis in childhood." F1000Research 6 (January 27, 2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8533.1.
Full textAbstract:
In the past century, advances in antibiotics and vaccination have dramatically altered the incidence and clinical outcomes of bacterial meningitis. We review the shifting epidemiology of meningitis in children, including after the implementation of vaccines that target common meningitic pathogens and the introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis offered to mothers colonized withStreptococcus agalactiae. We also discuss what is currently known about the pathogenesis of meningitis. Recent studies of the human microbiome have illustrated dynamic relationships of bacterial and viral populations with the host, which may potentiate the risk of bacterial meningitis.
9
Nakamura, Tomoka, Adam L. Cohen, Stephanie Schwartz, Jason M. Mwenda, Goitom Weldegebriel, Joseph N. M. Biey, Reggis Katsande, et al. "The Global Landscape of Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Data Reported to the World Health Organization–Coordinated Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance Network, 2014–2019." Journal of Infectious Diseases 224, Supplement_3 (September 1, 2021): S161—S173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab217.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) coordinates the Global Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (IB-VPD) Surveillance Network to support vaccine introduction decisions and use. The network was established to strengthen surveillance and laboratory confirmation of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Methods Sentinel hospitals report cases of children <5 years of age hospitalized for suspected meningitis. Laboratories report confirmatory testing results and strain characterization tested by polymerase chain reaction. In 2019, the network included 123 laboratories that follow validated, standardized testing and reporting strategies. Results From 2014 through 2019, >137 000 suspected meningitis cases were reported by 58 participating countries, with 44.6% (n = 61 386) reported from countries in the WHO African Region. More than half (56.6%, n = 77 873) were among children <1 year of age, and 4.0% (n = 4010) died among those with reported disease outcome. Among suspected meningitis cases, 8.6% (n = 11 798) were classified as probable bacterial meningitis. One of 3 bacterial pathogens was identified in 30.3% (n = 3576) of these cases, namely S. pneumoniae (n = 2177 [60.9%]), H. influenzae (n = 633 [17.7%]), and N. meningitidis (n = 766 [21.4%]). Among confirmed bacterial meningitis cases with outcome reported, 11.0% died; case fatality ratio varied by pathogen (S. pneumoniae, 12.2%; H. influenzae, 6.1%; N. meningitidis, 11.0%). Among the 277 children who died with confirmed bacterial meningitis, 189 (68.2%) had confirmed S. pneumoniae. The proportion of pneumococcal cases with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes decreased as the number of countries implementing PCV increased, from 77.8% (n = 273) to 47.5% (n = 248). Of 397 H. influenzae specimens serotyped, 49.1% (n = 195) were type b. Predominant N. meningitidis serogroups varied by region. Conclusions This multitier, global surveillance network has supported countries in detecting and serotyping the 3 principal invasive bacterial pathogens that cause pediatric meningitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common bacterial pathogen detected globally despite the growing number of countries that have nationally introduced PCV. The large proportions of deaths due to S. pneumoniae reflect the high proportion of meningitis cases caused by this pathogen. This global network demonstrated a strong correlation between PCV introduction status and reduction in the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis infections caused by vaccine serotypes. Maintaining case-based, active surveillance with laboratory confirmation for prioritized vaccine-preventable diseases remains a critical component of the global agenda in public health. The World Health Organization (WHO)-coordinated Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Disease (IB-VPD) Surveillance Network reported data from 2014 to 2019, contributing to the estimates of the disease burden and serotypes of pediatric meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis.
10
Liu, Lu, Jixuan Li, Dong Huo, Zhong Peng, Ruicheng Yang, Jiyang Fu, Bojie Xu, Bo Yang, Huanchun Chen, and Xiangru Wang. "Meningitic Escherichia coli Induction of ANGPTL4 in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Contributes to Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption via ARHGAP5/RhoA/MYL5 Signaling Cascade." Pathogens 8, no. 4 (November 22, 2019): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040254.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial meningitis is currently recognized as one of the most important life-threatening infections of the central nervous system (CNS) with high morbidity and mortality, despite the advancements in antimicrobial treatment. The disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB) induced by meningitis bacteria is crucial for the development of bacterial meningitis. However, the complete mechanisms involving in the BBB disruption remain to be elucidated. Here, we found meningitic Escherichia coli induction of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) contributes to BBB disruption via ARHGAP5/RhoA/MYL5 signaling cascade, by the demonstration that ANGPTL4 was significantly upregulated in meningitis E. coli infection of BMECs as well as mice, and treatment of the recombinant ANGPTL4 protein led to an increased permeability of the BBB in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that ANGPTL4 did not affect the expression of tight junction proteins involved in BBB disruption, but it increased the expression of MYL5, which was found to have a negative role on the regulation of barrier function during meningitic E. coli infection, through the activation of RhoA signaling pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the disruption of BBB induced by ANGPTL4 through the ARHGAP5/RhoA/MYL5 pathway, which largely supports the involvement of ANGPTL4 during meningitic E. coli invasion and further expands the theoretical basis for the mechanism of bacterial meningitis.
11
Mwenda, Jason M., Elizabeth Soda, Goitom Weldegebriel, Regis Katsande, Joseph Nsiari-Muzeyi Biey, Tieble Traore, Linda de Gouveia, et al. "Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in the World Health Organization African Region Using the Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance Network, 2011–2016." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_2 (August 31, 2019): S49—S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz472.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We analyzed data from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-preventable Diseases Surveillance Network (2011–2016) to describe the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis within the WHO African Region. We also evaluated declines in vaccine-type pneumococcal meningitis following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction. Methods Reports of meningitis in children <5 years old from sentinel surveillance hospitals in 26 countries were classified as suspected, probable, or confirmed. Confirmed meningitis cases were analyzed by age group and subregion (South-East and West-Central). We described case fatality ratios (CFRs), pathogen distribution, and annual changes in serotype and serogroup, including changes in vaccine-type Spn meningitis following PCV introduction. Results Among 49 844 reported meningitis cases, 1670 (3.3%) were laboratory-confirmed. Spn (1007/1670 [60.3%]) was the most commonly detected pathogen; vaccine-type Spn meningitis cases declined over time. CFR was the highest for Spn meningitis: 12.9% (46/357) in the South-East subregion and 30.9% (89/288) in the West-Central subregion. Meningitis caused by N. meningitidis was more common in West-Central than South-East Africa (321/954 [33.6%] vs 110/716 [15.4%]; P < .0001). Haemophilus influenzae (232/1670 [13.9%]) was the least prevalent organism. Conclusions Spn was the most common cause of pediatric bacterial meningitis in the African region even after reported cases declined following PCV introduction. Sustaining robust surveillance is essential to monitor changes in pathogen distribution and to inform and guide vaccination policies.
12
Ikken, Youssef, Amina Benaouda, Latifa Ibn Yaich, Farida Hilali, Yassine Sekhsokh, and Réda Charof. "Simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae by quantitative PCR from CSF samples with negative culture in Morocco." Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 68, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/030.2021.01344.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBacteriological cultures from cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) have less sensitivity and specificity compared to quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), and multiple facts still conduct to the increase of negative culture. The aims of this study are to determine the molecular epidemiology and the simultaneous detection of bacterial meningitis in Morocco by using RT-PCR and compared this molecular approach with culture method to improve the etiological diagnosis of meningitis. The CSFs were collected over one-year period in 2018 in different hospitals covering all regions of the Kingdom of Morocco, from patients with suspected meningitis. The results showed the confirmation rate per culture recorded a rate of 33% and the RT-PCR of 70%. Molecular epidemiology is predominant of Neisseria meningitidis followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and a dramatic reduction in meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae following the introduction of conjugate vaccine in 2007. Also, the epidemiological profile shows a sex ratio M/F of 1.4 and a median age of 2 years. The national distribution showed a predominant of meningococcal disease followed by pneumococcal disease, especially a dominance of N. meningitidis over S. pneumoniae in two regions and a slight predominance of S. pneumoniae in the other two regions over N. meningitidis. Our research shows that culture in our country has less sensitivity and specificity than RT-PCR in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and that molecular biology technique at bacteriology laboratories is desirable for diagnosis, early management of meningitis cases and in the context of the surveillance of meningitis in Morocco in parallel with culture.
13
EGUIGUREN, LUIS, BART CHERNOW, and I. DAVID TODRES. "Diagnosis of Meningitis." Pediatrics 81, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.81.4.603.
Full textAbstract:
To the Editor.— In reviewing the medical literature about meningitis in infants, we found the review article by the Academy's Task Force on Diagnosis and Management of Meningitis1 to be helpful. However, we noted two important errors in Tabe 2: (1) The table (which is adapted from another article2) should be properly entitled, "Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings in Infants Without Meningitis" or "CSF Findings in Normal Infants." (2) The fifth age category in the table should be >12 months instead of 7-12 months.
14
Diawara, Idrissa, Khalid Katfy, Khalid Zerouali, Houria Belabbes, and Naima Elmdaghri. "A duplex real-time PCR for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis in cerebrospinal fluid." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 01 (January 31, 2016): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5647.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Acute bacterial meningitis is one of the most severe infectious diseases. Rapid, accurate, and inexpensive diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is crucial for patient management. This study describes a duplex real-time (RT) PCR assay for detection of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for meningitis diagnosis using SYBR Green-based RT-PCR method coupled with melting curve analysis. Methodology: We used SYBR Green-based RT-PCR method coupled with melting curve analysis to detect S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis in CSF samples. The sensitivity, specificity, and limit of detection were determined. The gold standard for routine tests of CSF analysis is direct examination, culture, and/or latex agglutination. The assay was evaluated on 132 CSF samples to measure clinical sensitivity. Results: A duplex RT-PCR assay for N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae detection in CSF was evaluated. Two peaks at different melting temperatures (87.5°C and 85.5°C) for N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae, respectively, were obtained. The sensitivity of RT-PCR was 100% (95% confidence limits [CI] = 82.4–100) for N. meningitidis and 100% (95% CI = 85.1–100) for S. pneumoniae. Specificity was the same (100%) for the bacteria (95% CI = 88.6–100). The percentage of cases accurately diagnosed with meningitis caused by N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae increased to 50.7% and 28.6%, respectively, when RT-PCR was added to the standard microbiologic methods. Conclusions: Duplex RT-PCR and melting curve analysis with SYBR Green is an inexpensive, sensitive, and specific method to rapidly diagnose bacterial meningitis. Accurate identification of the bacterial causative agents will improve patient management and epidemiological investigations.
15
Malik, Faheem, William Orchard, and George Jacob. "Rare case of Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis in a man without risk factors." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 5 (May 2021): e241686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-241686.
Full textAbstract:
Capnocytophaga canimorsus meningitis is an uncommon but potentially serious cause of meningitis, which is considered particularly rare in healthy and immunocompetent individuals. We present a case of C. canimorsus meningitis in a young, immunocompetent patient which was acquired following a dog bite. We review the literature and propose that underdiagnosis of this condition is likely. To avoid misdiagnosis, and thus improper management, clinicians should ensure that they identify animal exposure in all meningitic patients, and adopt a higher clinical suspicion in the absence of classical risk factors.
16
Namiduru, Emine Siber, Mustafa Namiduru, İlkay Karaoğlan, and Kübra Koçak. "Oxidative and nitrosative stress in patients with meningitis." European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 20, no. 1 (2022): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2022.1.10.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction and aim. Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. In this study, oxidative and nitrosative stress were evaluated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples that were taken from patients with meningitis. Our goal was to identify a fast and a reliable biomarker using these parameters in order to the early diagnose of bacterial meningitis. Material and methods. In this study, 37 bacterial meningitis, 30 tuberculous meningitis and 30 viral meningitis cases were included. Serum/CSF total oxidant status (TAS) and total antioxidant status (TOS) were measured by the Erel method. Nitrotyrosine concentrations were quantified by using ELISA in both serum and CSF Results. Serum nitrotyrosine, CSF TAS and TOS levels were not significantly different in three groups (p>0.05). CSF nitrotyrosine levels were significantly higher in bacterial meningitis than tuberculous meningitis group (p<0.05). Viral meningitis patients had higher serum TOS and TAS concentrations than tuberculous meningitis group (p<0.05). Conclusion. As a result, we can say that the oxidative and nitrosative stress markers studied are not a rapid and reliable biomarker in bacterial meningitis’s diagnosis.
17
Leu, Sheng, Neary Pirrone, and Wen Mueller. "Acute Bacterial Meningitis: A Systemic Review of Diagnosis and Treatment." Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery 1, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/024.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency requiring immediate diagnosis and immediate treatment. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis are the most common and most aggressive pathogens of meningitis. Emerging antibiotic resistance is an upcoming challenge. Clinical and experimental studies have established a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms resulting in brain damage, sequelae and neuropsychological deficits. We summarize the current pathophysiological concept of acute bacterial meningitis and present current treatment strategies.
18
Huang, Sheng-He, Lina He, Yanhong Zhou, Chun-Hua Wu, and Ambrose Jong. "Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG Suppresses MeningiticE. coliK1 Penetration across Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and Protects Neonatal Rats against Experimental Hematogenous Meningitis." International Journal of Microbiology 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/647862.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine prophylactic efficacy of probiotics in neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused byE. coliK1. The potential inhibitory effect ofLactobacillus rhamnosusGG (LGG) on meningiticE. coliK1 infection was examined by using (i) in vitro inhibition assays with E44 (a CSF isolate from a newborn baby withE. colimeningitis), and (ii) the neonatal rat model ofE. colisepsis and meningitis. The in vitro studies demonstrated that LGG blocked E44 adhesion, invasion, and transcytosis in a dose-dependent manner. A significant reduction in the levels of pathogen colonization,E. colibacteremia, and meningitis was observed in the LGG-treated neonatal rats, as assessed by viable cultures, compared to the levels in the control group. In conclusion, probiotic LGG strongly suppresses meningiticE. colipathogens in vitro and in vivo. The results support the use of probiotic strains such as LGG for prophylaxis of neonatal sepsis and meningitis.
19
Alnomasy, Sultan F., Bader S. Alotaibi, Ahmed H. Mujamammi, Elham A. Hassan, and Mohamed E. Ali. "Microbial aspects and potential markers for differentiation between bacterial and viral meningitis among adult patients." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): e0251518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251518.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives Meningitis is a medical emergency with permanent disabilities and high mortality worldwide. We aimed to determine causative microorganisms and potential markers for differentiation between bacterial and viral meningitis. Methodology Adult patients with acute meningitis were subjected to lumber puncture. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microorganisms were identified using Real-time PCR. PCT and CRP levels, peripheral and CSF-leucocyte count, CSF-protein and CSF-glucose levels were assessed. Results Out of 80 patients, infectious meningitis was confirmed in 75 cases; 38 cases were bacterial meningitis, 34 cases were viral meningitis and three cases were mixed infection. Higher PCT, peripheral and CSF-leukocytosis, higher CSF-protein and lower CSF-glucose levels were more significant in bacterial than viral meningitis patients. Neisseria meningitides was the most frequent bacteria and varicella-zoster virus was the most common virus. Using ROC analyses, serum PCT and CSF-parameters can discriminate bacterial from viral meningitis. Combined ROC analyses of PCT and CSF-protein significantly improved the effectiveness in predicting bacterial meningitis (AUC of 0.998, 100%sensitivity and 97.1%specificity) than each parameter alone (AUC of 0.951 for PCT and 0.996 for CSF-protein). Conclusion CSF-protein and serum PCT are considered as potential markers for differentiating bacterial from viral meningitis and their combination improved their predictive accuracy to bacterial meningitis.
20
Abbas, Shaheen, Lala Rukh Khan, and Gul Afshan. "MENINGITIS." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 01 (January 10, 2018): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.01.546.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To determine the frequency of meningitis in neonates having late onsetsepticemia. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:Department of Pediatrics, D.H.Q, Faisalabad from August, 2015 to January, 2016. Methodology:105 neonates aged between 3-28 days having late onset septicemia were included in the studythrough non-probability consecutive sampling. Neonates having spina bifida, anencephalyand very sick neonates, after initial stabilization were excluded. For assessment of meningitis1ml blood sample and CSF sample were sent to the hospital pathology laboratory. Meningitiswas labeled if the patient had all of the following criteria: CSF glucose less than the plasmaglucose by ≥50%, CSF white cell count >10/cumm and CSF protein >80 mg/dl. Results: Outof 105 patients, mean age was 13.53±6.99 days. 59 (56.2%) patients were male and 46 (43.8%)patients were females. The prevalence of meningitis was found to be 20 (19%). 11 (18.6%) malepatients had meningitis while 9 (19.6%) female patients had meningitis with p-value = 0.905.Meningitis is more common in patients having age between 4-15 days 17 (26.6%) than the 3(7.3%) patients having age between 16-27 days with p-value = 0.014. Conclusion: Meningitisis a common disorder in neonates having late onset septicemia. By knowing the magnitude ofthis complication preventive measure can be adopted to minimize the burden of this disease.
21
Ochoa Díaz, Andrés Felipe, and Santiago Sánchez Pardo. "Meningococcemia sin meningitis en adulto joven inmunocompetente, reporte de caso." Duazary 15, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21676/2389783x.2106.
Full textAbstract:
La infección causada por Neisseria meningitidis es la responsable de una gran proporción de cuadros de meningitis y sepsis alrededor del mundo en niños y adultos jóvenes. Las presentaciones clínicas más frecuentes de la enfermedad meningocócica son la meningitis y la meningococcemia, aunque esta última no es la más frecuente. La meningococcemia sin meningitis ocurre en uno de cada cinco personas que tuvieron la infección, y reporta tasas de mortalidad del 5% al 20%. Se presenta un caso de meningococcemia sin meningitis asociado a coagulación intravascular diseminada con recuperación satisfactoria y sin secuelas, diferente a lo descrito en la literatura.
22
Novak, Ryan T., Olivier Ronveaux, André F. Bita, Honoré Flavien Aké, Fernanda C. Lessa, Xin Wang, Ado M. Bwaka, and LeAnne M. Fox. "Future Directions for Meningitis Surveillance and Vaccine Evaluation in the Meningitis Belt of Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, Supplement_4 (October 31, 2019): S279—S285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz421.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa, bacterial meningitis remains a significant public health problem, especially in the countries of the meningitis belt, where Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A historically caused large-scale epidemics. In 2014, MenAfriNet was established as a consortium of partners supporting strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance to monitor meningitis epidemiology and impact of meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV). MenAfriNet improved data quality through use of standardized tools, procedures, and laboratory diagnostics. MenAfriNet surveillance and study data provided evidence of ongoing MACV impact, characterized the burden of non-serogroup A meningococcal disease (including the emergence of a new epidemic clone of serogroup C), and documented the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. New vaccines and schedules have been proposed for future implementation to address the remaining burden of meningitis. To support the goals of “Defeating Meningitis by 2030,” MenAfriNet will continue to strengthen surveillance and support research and modeling to monitor the impact of these programs on meningitis burden in sub-Saharan Africa.
23
Ikumapayi, Usman N., Philip C. Hill, Ilias Hossain, Yekini Olatunji, Malick Ndiaye, Henry Badji, Ahmed Manjang, et al. "Childhood meningitis in rural Gambia: 10 years of population-based surveillance." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): e0265299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265299.
Full textAbstract:
Background The introduction in many countries of conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis has led to significant reductions in acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in children. However, recent population-based data on ABM in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. Methods Population-based surveillance for meningitis was carried out in a rural area of The Gambia under demographic surveillance from 2008 to 2017, using standardised criteria for referral, diagnosis and investigation. We calculated incidence using population denominators. Results We diagnosed 1,666 patients with suspected meningitis and collected cerebrospinal fluid (n = 1,121) and/or blood (n = 1,070) from 1,427 (88%) of cases. We identified 169 cases of ABM, 209 cases of suspected non-bacterial meningitis (SNBM) and 1,049 cases of clinically suspected meningitis (CSM). The estimated average annual incidence of ABM was high at 145 per 100,000 population in the <2-month age group, 56 per 100,000 in the 2–23-month age group, but lower at 5 per 100,000 in the 5–14-year age group. The most common causes of ABM were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 44), Neisseria meningitidis (n = 42), and Gram-negative coliform bacteria (n = 26). Eighteen of 22 cases caused by pneumococcal serotypes included in PCV13 occurred prior to vaccine introduction and four afterwards. The overall case fatality ratio for ABM was 29% (49/169) and was highest in the <2-month age group 37% (10/27). The case fatality ratio was 8.6% (18/209) for suspected non-bacterial meningitis and 12.8% (134/1049) for clinically suspected meningitis cases. Conclusions Gambian children continue to experience substantial morbidity and mortality associated with suspected meningitis, especially acute bacterial meningitis. Such severely ill children in sub-Saharan Africa require improved diagnostics and clinical care.
24
Dartey, Bismark, Osei Afreh, Emmanuel Teviu, George Khumalo, Timothy Letsa, Kofi Issah, Samuel Opoku, Florence Iddrissah, and Priscillia Nortey. "Analysis of meningitis outbreak data, Jaman North District, Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana." Ghana Medical Journal 54, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i2s.9.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Descriptive analysis of meningitis outbreak in Jaman North districts of Brong Ahafo Region.Design: Descriptive secondary data analysisData Source: records of meningitis cases were extracted from case-based forms and line list.Main outcome measure: The source and pattern of outbreakResults: A total of 367 suspected cases with 44 confirmed were recorded from Jaman North during the period of January to March 2016. The mean age of those affected was 58 ± 13years. The case fatality rate was 0.82% and the proportion of males to females was 1:1.3 (160/207). The age group most affected was 15-29 years (54.7%) and the least was 45-49 years (3.0%). Streptococcus pneumoniae formed 77.3% of confirmed cases whilst Neisseria meningitides was 20.5%. Cases with Neisseria meningitides came from a border town in La Côte d’Ivoire.Conclusion: A protracted propagated meningitis outbreak occurred; and the predominant bacteria strain among confirmed cases was Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cases were mainly females and the most vulnerable group were people aged 15-29 years.Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, meningitis outbreak, Jaman North District, GhanaFunding: This work was funded by the authors. Author BKD was sponsored under CDC (Frontline FETP)-CDC CoAg 6NU2GGH001876.
25
Failace, Luciane, Mario Wagner, Marisa Chesky, Rosana Scalco, and Luiz Fernando Jobim. "Simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus sp. by polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of bacterial meningits." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, no. 4 (December 2005): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000600003.
Full textAbstract:
The simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus sp. was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, as well as the applicability of PCR as a routine test. A cohort study was carried out with 182 children (2 months to 12 years of age) with suspicion of bacterial meningitis. Routine tests identified the etiologic agent in 65/84 children whose clinical status and laboratory findings suggested the presence of bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis was ruled out in 98 children. In 19 children, the etiologic diagnosis was not possible using standard methods; in 14 of these patients, the etiologic agent was identified by PCR (N. meningitidis=12; H. influenzae=1; Streptococcus sp.=1). The sensitivity of PCR was 88.1%; specificity, 99.0%; positive predictive value, 98.7%; and negative predictive, 90.1%. PCR is a useful complementary diagnostic technique, especially when Gram stain, culture, or antigenic detection are negative or inconclusive.
26
Sharma, Supriya, Jyoti Acharya, Dominique A. Caugant, Megha Raj Banjara, Prakash Ghimire, and Anjana Singh. "Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae in Culture Negative Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples from Meningitis Patients Using a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction in Nepal." Infectious Disease Reports 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr13010019.
Full textAbstract:
The rapid identification of bacteria causing meningitis is crucial as delays in the treatment increase mortality rate. Though considered as the gold standard for the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, culture might give false negative results in a case of patients under antibiotics prior to lumbar puncture. This study aimed to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in culture-negative cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from clinically suspected meningitis cases attending different hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal from January 2017 to December 2019. S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis and H. influenzae were detected in 8.59% (33/384) of the specimens by PCR and 7.55% (29/384) of the specimens by culture. Correlation between culture and PCR of the same sample was good (Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient = 0.932). However, the difference in positivity between culture and PCR was statistically not significant (p value > 0.05). In four specimens, culture could not detect any of the targeted bacteria whereas PCR could detect presence of H. influenzae. PCR increases the diagnostic yield for bacterial meningitis. PCR may be considered as an adjunctive test for establishing the cause of infection in culture negative clinically suspected meningitis cases.
27
Khater, Walaa Shawky, and Safia Hamed Elabd. "Identification of Common Bacterial Pathogens Causing Meningitis in Culture-Negative Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction." International Journal of Microbiology 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4197187.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Meningitis is a serious communicable disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. It is an endemic disease in Egypt caused mainly byStreptococcus pneumoniae,Neisseria meningitidis, andHaemophilus influenzae. In some settings, bacterial meningitis is documented depending mainly on positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture results or CSF positive latex agglutination test, missing the important role of prior antimicrobial intake which can yield negative culture and latex agglutination test results. This study aimed to utilize molecular technology in order to diagnose bacterial meningitis in culture-negative CSF samples.Materials and Methods. Forty culture-negative CSF samples from suspected cases of bacterial meningitis were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) for the presence oflytA,bexA, andctrAgenes specific forStreptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae, andNeisseria meningitidis, respectively.Results. Positive real-time PCR results forStreptococcus pneumoniaewere detected in 36 (90%) of culture-negative CSF samples while no positive results forHaemophilus influenzaeorNeisseria meningitidiswere detected. Four (10%) samples were negative by real-time PCR for all tested organisms.Conclusion. The use of molecular techniques as real-time PCR can provide a valuable addition to the proportion of diagnosed cases of bacterial meningitis especially in settings with high rates of culture-negative results.
28
Hase, Ryota, Naoto Hosokawa, Makito Yaegashi, and Kiyoharu Muranaka. "Bacterial Meningitis in the Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 25, no. 5 (2014): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/568169.
Full textAbstract:
Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count is a key sign in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. However, there have been reports of bacterial meningitis with no abnormalities in initial CSF testing. This type of presentation is extremely rare in adult patients. Here, a case involving an 83-year-old woman who was later diagnosed with bacterial meningitis caused byNeisseria meningitidisis described, in whom CSF at initial and second lumbar puncture did not show elevation of cell counts. Twenty-six non-neutropenic adult cases of bacterial meningitis in the absence of CSF pleocytosis were reviewed. The frequent causative organisms wereStreptococcus pneumoniaeandN meningitidis. Nineteen cases had bacteremia and seven died. The authors conclude that normal CSF at lumbar puncture at an early stage cannot rule out bacterial meningitis. Therefore, repeat CSF analysis should be considered, and antimicrobial therapy must be started immediately if there are any signs of sepsis or meningitis.
29
Vergara Salazar, Darío, Marcela Cárcamo Ibaceta, and María Teresa Valenzuela Bravo. "Meningitis meningocócica en Chile entre los años 1990 y 2019." Andes Pediatrica 95, no. 3 (June 13, 2024): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.32641/andespediatr.v95i3.4982.
Full textAbstract:
Desde el año 1941 que en Chile han sido registrados brotes de Neisseria meningitidis, los cuales a la fecha han ido variando según forma clínica, incidencia, letalidad y serogrupo responsable.Objetivo: Resumir la evidencia disponible sobre el perfil epidemiológico de la meningitis bacteriana aguda por Neisseria meningitidis en Chile, analizando la incidencia entre los años 1990 y 2019.Método: Revisión sistematizada de artículos primarios siguiendo los estándares de la Cochrane Colaboration. Las fuentes de información fueron PubMed, Scielo y LILACS. Fueron incluidas publicaciones acerca de meningitis bacteriana aguda por Neisseria meningitidis, de diseño descriptivo y en idioma inglés y español; fueron excluídos estudios sobre efectividad de vacunas y técnicas de diagnóstico.Resultados: Durante el período comprendido entre 1990 y 2019, la evidencia recopilada se centra exclusivamente en el año 2012. De los 133 casos de Enfermedad meningocócica invasora (EMI) reportados aquel año, 42 casos cursaron con meningitis. De los casos de EMI causados por cepas del serogrupo W135, el 21,7% de los casos cursó con meningitis (13 casos), en comparación a las cepas “No W135”, en el cual fue el 67,4% (29 casos). La letalidad por EMI fue más alta en los pacientes afectados por el serogrupo W135 (26,7%), en comparación a los pacientes afectados por serogrupo “No W135” (13,9%).Discusión: El año 2012 evidencia un cambio de serogrupo prevalente desde el serogrupo B al W, existiendo una disminución en los casos de meningitis y aumentando los de meningococcemia y la letalidad de la EMI.
30
Patel, Jaymin C., Heidi M. Soeters, Alpha Oumar Diallo, Brice W. Bicaba, Goumbi Kadadé, Assétou Y. Dembélé, Mahamat A. Acyl, et al. "MenAfriNet: A Network Supporting Case-Based Meningitis Surveillance and Vaccine Evaluation in the Meningitis Belt of Africa." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, Supplement_4 (October 31, 2019): S148—S154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz308.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Meningococcal meningitis remains a significant public health threat, especially in the African meningitis belt where Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A historically caused large-scale epidemics. With the rollout of a novel meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV) in the belt, the World Health Organization recommended case-based meningitis surveillance to monitor MACV impact and meningitis epidemiology. In 2014, the MenAfriNet consortium was established to support strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in 5 key countries: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Togo. MenAfriNet aimed to develop a high-quality surveillance network using standardized laboratory and data collection protocols, develop sustainable systems for data management and analysis to monitor MACV impact, and leverage the surveillance platform to perform special studies. We describe the MenAfriNet consortium, its history, strategy, implementation, accomplishments, and challenges.
31
Crellen, Thomas, V. Bhargavi Rao, Turid Piening, Joke Zeydner, and M. Ruby Siddiqui. "Seasonal upsurge of pneumococcal meningitis in the Central African Republic." Wellcome Open Research 3 (March 29, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14868.2.
Full textAbstract:
A high incidence of bacterial meningitis was observed in the Central African Republic (CAR) from December 2015 to May 2017 in three hospitals in the northwest of the country that are within the African meningitis belt. The majority of cases were caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (249/328; 75.9%), which occurred disproportionately during the dry season (November-April) with a high case-fatality ratio of 41.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.0, 50.8%). High rates of bacterial meningitis during the dry season in the meningitis belt have typically been caused by Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal meningitis), and our observations suggest that the risk of contracting S. pneumoniae (pneumococcal) meningitis is increased by the same environmental factors. Cases of meningococcal meningitis (67/328; 20.4%) observed over the same period were predominantly group W and had a lower case fatality rate of 9.6% (95% CI 3.6, 21.8%). Due to conflict and difficulties in accessing medical facilities, it is likely that the reported cases represented only a small proportion of the overall burden. Nationwide vaccination campaigns in the CAR against meningitis have been limited to the use of MenAfriVac, which targets only meningococcal meningitis group A. We therefore highlight the need for expanded vaccine coverage to prevent additional causes of seasonal outbreaks.
32
Ceyhan, Mehmet, Yasemin Ozsurekci, Cihangül Bayhan, Nezahat Gurler, Enes Sali, Melike Keser Emiroglu, Fatma Nur Öz, et al. "682. The Changing Epidemiology of Bacterial Meningitis During 2015–2017 in Turkey: A Hospital-Based Prospective Surveillance Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.689.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The etiology of bacterial meningitis in Turkey has been changed after the implementation of conjugated vaccines against Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in Turkish national immunization schedule. Methods. This prospective study was conducted in 25 hospitals located seven regions of Turkey (representing 30% of Turkey population) and children aged between 1 month and 18 years with suspected meningitis and hospitalized were included. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected and bacterial identification was made according to the multiplex PCR assay results. Results. During the study period, 927 children were hospitalized for suspected meningitis and Hib (n:1), S. pneumonia (n:17) and Neisseria meningitidis (n:59) were detected in 77 samples (Figure 1, Table 1). During 2015–2016, N. meningitidis serogroup W, B, A, Y, X frequencies were as 5 (13.9%), 16 (44.4%), 1 (2.8%), 1 (2.8%), 1 (2.8%), respectively. There were 12 nongroupable N. meningitidis samples and serogroup C was not detected. In 2017, of meningococcal meningitis serogroup B, W, A, Y and X were identified in two (8.7%), 15 (65.2%), two (8.7%), 1 (4.3%) and 1 (4.3%) cases, respectively (Figure 2). There were four deaths in this study period, all of them were caused by N. meningitidis serogroup B and three of them were under 1 year old. Conclusion. The epidemiology of meningococcal diseases has been varied in time with or without any apparent reasons. Hajj is a well-known cause for serogroup W epidemics and serogorup W was the most common cause of meningitis in Turkey during 2009–2014 as in other Middle East countries. After the impact of serogroup W epidemics related to Hajj seen in 2010’s was diminished, serogroup B has been leading cause of childhood meningitis since 2015. In countries affected from Hajj like Turkey, vaccination of children with serogroup B meningococcal vaccine as well as quadrivalentconjugated vaccine seems to be very important. It should be kept in mind that meningococcal epidemiology is dynamic and needed to be closely monitored to detect changes in years Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
33
Ritarwan, Kiking, and Nerdy Nerdy. "Antibacterial Activity of Red Dragon Fruit Leaves Extract and White Dragon Fruit Leaves Extract Against Meningitis Bacterial." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (October 16, 2018): 2534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340540.
Full textAbstract:
Dragon fruit leaves extract contains various phytochemicals, namely: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids. Diverse phytochemical content allows the dragon fruit leaves extract to have antibacterial activity. The objectives of this research were to test antibacterial activity of dragon fruit leaves extract against meningitis bacterial (Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes). Dragon fruit leaves extract was obtained by maceration. Antibacterial activity test was done by the paper disc diffusion method with ceftriaxone as the positive control and dimethylsulfoxide as the negative control. Antibacterial activity of red dragon leaves extract with concentration 600 μg/mL and white dragon fruit leaves extract with concentration 800 μg/mL were not show significantly different antibacterial activity from ceftriaxone with concentration 10 μg/mL against meningitis bacterial (Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes). The results prove that the red dragon fruit leaves extract was more potential antibacterial activity than white dragon fruit leaves extracted against meningitis bacterial (Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes).
34
Abd El-Wahab, Ekram W., Talaat Farrag, and Mohammed Metwally. "A clinical rule for the prediction of meningitis in HIV patients in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 114, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trz107.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The diagnosis of meningitis in HIV patients is challenging due to altered immune responses. Diagnostic scoring systems were recently proposed for use in research settings to help prompt and easy differential diagnosis. The objective of this study was to create a clinical prediction rule (CPR) for meningitis in HIV-infected patients and to address the enigma of differentiating bacterial (BM), TB (TBM) and cryptococcal (CCM) meningitis based on clinical features alone, which may be enhanced by easy-to-obtain laboratory testing. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 352 HIV patients presenting with neurological manifestations suggesting meningitis over the last 18 y (2000–2018). Relevant clinical and laboratory information were retrieved from inpatient records. The features independently predicting meningitis or its different types in microbiologically proven meningitis cases were modelled by multivariate logistic regression to create a CPR in an exploratory data set. The performance of the meningitis diagnostic score was assessed and validated in a subset of retrospective data. Results AIDS clinical stage, injecting drug use, jaundice and cryptococcal antigen seropositivity were equally important as classic meningitic symptoms in predicting meningitis. Arthralgia and elevated cerebrospinal fluid Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were strong predictors of BM. Patients with cryptococcal antigenemia had 25 times the probability of having CCM, whereas neurological deficits were highly suggestive of TBM. Conclusion The proposed CPRs have good diagnostic potential and would support decision-making in resource-poor settings.
35
Sanogo, Yibayiri Osee, Ibréhima Guindo, Seydou Diarra, Adam C. Retchless, Mahamadou Abdou, Souleymane Coulibaly, Mahamadou Farka Maiga, et al. "A New Sequence Type of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Associated With a 2016 Meningitis Outbreak in Mali." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, Supplement_4 (October 31, 2019): S190—S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz272.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn 2016, Mali reported a bacterial meningitis outbreak consisting of 39 suspected cases between epidemiologic weeks 9 and 17 with 15% case fatality ratio in the health district of Ouéléssebougou, 80 kilometers from the capital Bamako. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 29 cases were tested by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction; 22 (76%) were positive for bacterial meningitis pathogens, 16 (73%) of which were Neisseria meningitidis (Nm). Of the Nm-positive specimens, 14 (88%) were N meningitidis serogroup C (NmC), 1 was NmW, and 1 was nongroupable. Eight NmC isolates recovered by culture from the outbreak were characterized using whole genome sequencing. Genomics analysis revealed that all 8 isolates belonged to a new sequence type (ST) 12446 of clonal complex 10217 that formed a distinct clade genetically similar to ST-10217, a NmC strain that recently caused large epidemics of meningitis in Niger and Nigeria. The emergence of a new ST of NmC associated with an outbreak in the African meningitis belt further highlights the need for continued molecular surveillance in the region.
36
Renner, Lorna Awo, Effua Usuf, Nuredin Ibrahim Mohammed, Daniel Ansong, Thomas Dankwah, Jonas Tettey Kusah, Sandra Kwarteng Owusu, et al. "Hospital-based Surveillance for Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis in the Era of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Ghana." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_2 (September 5, 2019): S89—S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz464.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Global surveillance for vaccine preventable invasive bacterial diseases has been set up by the World Health Organization to provide disease burden data to support decisions on introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). We present data from 2010 to 2016 collected at the 2 sentinel sites in Ghana. Methods Data were collected from children <5 years of age presenting at the 2 major teaching hospitals with clinical signs of meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected and tested first at the sentinel site laboratory with conventional microbiology methods and subsequently with molecular analysis, at the World Health Organization Regional Reference Laboratory housed at the Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, for identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis, the 3 most common bacteria causing meningitis. Results There were 4008 suspected cases of meningitis during the surveillance period, of which 31 (0.8%) were laboratory confirmed. Suspected meningitis cases decreased from 923 in 2010 to 219 in 2016. Of 3817 patients with available outcome data, 226 (5.9%) died. S. pneumoniae was the most common bacterial pathogen, accounting for 68.5% of confirmed cases (50 of 73). H. influenzae and N. meningitidis accounted for 6.8% (5 of 73) and 21.9% (16 of 73), respectively. The proportion of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes causing meningitis decreased from 81.3% (13 of 16) before the introduction of 13-valent PCV (2010–2012) to 40.0% (8 of 20) after its introduction (2013–2016). Conclusions Cases of suspected meningitis decreased among children <5 years of age between 2010 and 2016, with declines in the proportion of vaccine-type pneumococcal meningitis after the introduction of 13-valent PCV in Ghana.
37
Reese, Heather E., Olivier Ronveaux, Jason M. Mwenda, Andre Bita, Adam L. Cohen, Ryan T. Novak, LeAnne M. Fox, and Heidi M. Soeters. "Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Africa’s Meningitis Belt: More Than Just Meningitis?" Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, Supplement_4 (October 31, 2019): S263—S265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz251.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Since the progressive introduction of the meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine within Africa’s meningitis belt beginning in 2010, the burden of meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (NmA) has substantially decreased. Non-A serogroups C/W/X are now the most prevalent. Surveillance within the belt has historically focused on the clinical syndrome of meningitis, the classic presentation for NmA, and may not adequately capture other presentations of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). The clinical presentation of infection due to serogroups C/W/X includes nonmeningeal IMD, and there is a higher case-fatality ratio associated with these non-A serogroups; however, data on the nonmeningeal IMD burden within the belt are scarce. Expanding surveillance to capture all cases of IMD, in accordance with the World Health Organization’s updated vaccine-preventable disease surveillance standards and in preparation for the anticipated introduction of a multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine within Africa’s meningitis belt, will enhance meningococcal disease prevention across the belt.
38
Franklin, Kat, Brenda Kwambana-Adams, Fernanda C. Lessa, Heidi M. Soeters, Laura Cooper, Matthew E. Coldiron, Jason Mwenda, et al. "Pneumococcal Meningitis Outbreaks in Africa, 2000–2018: Systematic Literature Review and Meningitis Surveillance Database Analyses." Journal of Infectious Diseases 224, Supplement_3 (September 1, 2021): S174—S183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab105.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa has traditionally experienced large outbreaks of meningitis mainly caused by Neisseria meningitidis. More recently, Streptococcus pneumoniae has been recognized as a cause of meningitis outbreaks in the region. Little is known about the natural history and epidemiology of these outbreaks, and, in contrast to meningococcal meningitis, there is no agreed definition for a pneumococcal meningitis epidemic. The aim of this analysis was to systematically review and understand pneumococcal meningitis outbreaks in Africa between 2000 and 2018. Methods Meningitis outbreaks were identified using a systematic literature review and analyses of meningitis surveillance databases. Potential outbreaks were included in the final analysis if they reported at least 10 laboratory-confirmed meningitis cases above baseline per week with ≥50% of cases confirmed as pneumococcus. Results A total of 10 potential pneumococcal meningitis outbreaks were identified in Africa between 2000 and 2018. Of these, 2 were classified as confirmed, 7 were classified as possible, and 1 was classified as unlikely. Three outbreaks spanned more than 1 year. In general, the outbreaks demonstrated lower peak attack rates than meningococcal meningitis outbreaks and had a predominance of serotype 1. Patients with pneumococcal meningitis tended to be older and had higher case fatality rates than meningococcal meningitis cases. An outbreak definition, which includes a weekly district-level incidence of at least 10 suspected cases per 100 000 population per week, with >10 cumulative confirmed cases of pneumococcus per year, would have identified all 10 potential outbreaks. Conclusions Given the frequency of and high case fatality from pneumococcal meningitis outbreaks, public health recommendations on vaccination strategies and the management of outbreaks are needed. Improved laboratory testing for S. pneumoniae is critical for early outbreak identification.
39
Grishkina, L. Yu, I. I. Lvova, I. N. Trefilov, N. V. Banko, and O. V. Odintsova. "Characteristic features of type B Haemophilus Influenzae-caused purulent meningitis in children." Perm Medical Journal 35, no. 5 (December 15, 2018): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj35532-35.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. To study the clinical peculiar features of type b Haemophilus influenza-caused purulent meningites among children in Perm.
Materials and methods. Twenty children with purulent meningitis were examined. Clinical and bacteriological studies, latex-agglutination reaction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used.
Results. Most patients with Hib-meningitis (70 %) were hospitalized in grave condition during the first three days of disease with fever, meningeal symptoms. Spastic syndrome was diagnosed in 5 patients, disseminated intravascular clotting syndrome – in 6 patients.
Conclusions. Hib-meningitis in 80 % of cases is developing in children aged under two, has an acute onset and severe course with general cerebral and meningeal symptoms, changes in blood and liquor, typical for bacterial infection, high neutrophilic pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrhea; it is frequently accompanied by complications. In etiological diagnosis of Hib-meningitis PCR is the most informative method.
40
Crellen, Thomas, V. Bhargavi Rao, Turid Piening, Joke Zeydner, and M. Ruby Siddiqui. "Seasonal upsurge of pneumococcal meningitis in the Central African Republic." Wellcome Open Research 3 (October 19, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14868.1.
Full textAbstract:
A high incidence of bacterial meningitis was observed in the Central African Republic (CAR) from December 2015 to May 2017 in three hospitals in the northwest of the country that are within the African meningitis belt. The majority of cases were caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (249/328; 75.9%), which occurred disproportionately during the dry season (November-April) with a high case-fatality ratio of 41.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.0, 50.8%). High rates of bacterial meningitis during the dry season in the meningitis belt are typically caused by Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal meningitis), and our observations suggest that the risk of contracting S. pneumoniae (pneumococcal) meningitis is increased by the same environmental factors. Cases of meningococcal meningitis (67/328; 20.4%) observed over the same period were predominantly type W and had a lower case fatality rate of 9.6% (95% CI 3.6, 21.8%). Due to conflict and difficulties in accessing medical facilities, it is likely that the reported cases represented only a small proportion of the overall burden and that there is high underlying prevalence of S. pneumoniae carriage in the community. Nationwide vaccination campaigns in the CAR against meningitis have been limited to the use of MenAfriVac, which targets only meningococcal meningitis type A. We therefore highlight the need for expanded vaccine coverage to prevent additional causes of seasonal outbreaks.
41
Muhtar, Muhtar, Narmi Narmi, and Muhaimin Saranani. "The Association Of Education Level And Knowledge To The Adherence To Meningococcal Meningitis Vaccination In Umrah Pilgrims At Kendari Port Health Office." KLASICS 1, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.46233/klasics.v1i1.468.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Meningococcal meningitis is an acute disease of the lining of the brain caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitides on the protective membrane that surrounds by the brain, spinal cord, which as a whole is called meninges. Meningococcal meningitis vaccination is given to people who will travel to meningitis endemic countries given at least 30 days before departure. The purpose of this research was to know the relationship between education level and knowledge with adherence to the meningitis vaccination for Umrah pilgrims at KKP Kendari. This study was an analytical descriptive using the cross-sectional study approach. The samples were 69 people. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling technique. The variables studied were adherence to meningitis vaccination, the level of education and knowledge. The analysis used chi-square test. The results showed that there was no association between education (ρ value = 0.360) and there was a relationship of knowledge (ρ value = 0.005) with adherence to the meningococcal meningitis vaccination at the KKP Kendari. The conclusion of this study is the level of education does not guarantee adherence to meningitis vaccination. It is recommended to increase counseling about the dangers of not vaccinating before the pilgrimage.
42
Stephens, David S., Brian Greenwood, and Petter Brandtzaeg. "Epidemic meningitis, meningococcaemia, and Neisseria meningitidis." Lancet 369, no. 9580 (June 2007): 2196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61016-2.
Full text
43
Badger, Julie L., Monique F. Stins, and Kwang Sik Kim. "Citrobacter freundii Invades and Replicates in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 4208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.8.4208-4215.1999.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Neonatal bacterial meningitis remains a disease with unacceptable rates of morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective antimicrobial therapy. Citrobacter spp. cause neonatal meningitis but are unique in their frequent association with brain abscess formation. The pathogenesis of Citrobacter spp. causing meningitis and brain abscess is not well characterized; however, as with other meningitis-causing bacteria (e.g.,Escherichia coli K1 and group B streptococci), penetration of the blood-brain barrier must occur. In an effort to understand the pathogenesis of Citrobacter spp. causing meningitis, we have used the in vitro blood-brain barrier model of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) to study the interaction between C. freundii and HBMEC. In this study, we show thatC. freundii is capable of invading and trancytosing HBMEC in vitro. Invasion of HBMEC by C. freundii was determined to be dependent on microfilaments, microtubules, endosome acidification, and de novo protein synthesis. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies revealed that microtubules aggregated after HBMEC came in contact with C. freundii; furthermore, the microtubule aggregation was time dependent and seen with C. freundii but not with noninvasive E. coli HB101 and meningitic E. coli K1. Also in contrast to other meningitis-causing bacteria, C. freundii is able to replicate within HBMEC. This is the first demonstration of a meningitis-causing bacterium capable of intracellular replication within BMEC. The important determinants of the pathogenesis of C. freundii causing meningitis and brain abscess may relate to invasion of and intracellular replication in HBMEC.
44
Nhantumbo, Aquino Albino, Charlotte Elizabeth Comé, Plácida Iliany Maholela, Alcides Moniz Munguambe, Paulino da Costa, Mariana Mott, Gabriella Rosa Cunha, et al. "Etiology of meningitis among adults in three quaternary hospitals in Mozambique, 2016–2017: The role of HIV." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): e0267949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267949.
Full textAbstract:
Background Meningitis remains an important cause of morbi-mortality in adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on the etiological investigation of meningitis in adults in Mozambique is limited and most studies were conducted in southern Mozambique. Identification of the etiology of meningitis in adults are crucial to guide prevention and treatments strategies. In this study, we determine the burden of fungal and bacterial meningitis among adults at the three largest hospitals in Mozambique. Method We performed analysis of data from the routine sentinel surveillance system for meningitis in Mozambique from January 2016 to December 2017. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from eligible adults (≥18 years old) who met World Health Organization (WHO) case definition criteria for Meningitis. All samples were tested by cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assay (LFA), culture and triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay and all patients were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using the national algorithm for HIV testing. Results Retrospective analysis of 1501 CSF samples from adults clinically suspected of meningitis revealed that 10.5% (158/1501) were positive for bacterial and fungal meningitis. Of these 158 confirmed cases, the proportion of Cryptococcal meningitis and pneumococcal meningitis was38.6% (95% CI: 31.0% to 46.7%) and 36.7% (95% CI: 29.2% to 44.7%), respectively. The other bacterial agents of meningitis identified include Neisseria meningitidis (8.9%; 14/158), Escherichia coli (6.3%; 10/158), Haemophilus influenzae (5.1%; 8/158) and S. aureus (4.4%; 7/158), which represent (24.7%; 39/158) of the total confirmed cases. Conclusion Altogether, our findings show a high burden of Cryptococcal meningitis among adults in Mozambique, especially in people living with HIV, followed by pneumococcal meningitis. Our findings suggest that rollout of CrAg Lateral Flow Assay in the health system in Mozambique for early detection of cryptococcus neoformans is necessary to improve overall patient care.
45
Loughborough, Will, Louisa Jones, Michael Abouyannis, and Sharadh Garach. "Which clinical parameters predict a positive CSF diagnosis of meningitis in a population with high HIV prevalence?" Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 15, no. 2 (May 23, 2014): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v15i2.19.
Full textAbstract:
Background. The HIV epidemic has changed the aetiology of meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa, and frontline clinicians are faced with a variety of meningitic presentations. Doctors working in resource-limited settings have the challenge of appropriately selecting patients for lumbar puncture (LP), a potentially risky procedure that requires laboratory analysis. Methods. In a rural South African hospital, the practice of performing LPs was audited against local guidelines. Data were collected retrospectively between February and June 2013. Symptoms and signs of meningitis, HIV status, investigations performed prior to LP and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results were recorded. With the aim of determining statistically significant clinical predictors of meningitis, parameters were explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results. A total of 107 patients were included, of whom 43% had an abnormal CSF result. The majority (76%) of patients were HIV-positive (CD4+ cell count <200 cells/µl in 46%). Cryptococcal meningitis (CCM) was the most prevalent microbiological diagnosis, confirmed in 10 out of 12 patients. Of the non-microbiological diagnoses, lymphocytic predominance was the most common abnormality, present in 17 out of 33 patients. Confusion (p=0.011) was the most statistically significant predictor of an abnormal CSF result. Headache (p=0.355), fever (p=0.660) and photophobia (p=0.634) were not statistically predictive.Conclusion. The high incidence of CCM correlates with previous data from sub-Saharan Africa. In populations with high HIV prevalence, the classic meningitic symptoms of headache, fever and photophobia, while common presenting symptoms, are significantly less predictive of a meningitis diagnosis than confusion.
46
Chu, Victoria, Diane Carpenter, Debbie Postlethwaite, Kathleen Harriman, and Carol Glaser. "Meningitis in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Pediatric Population 2012 through 2016 and Its Association with Prior Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.712.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The incidence of meningitis, particularly bacterial meningitis, is decreasing due to widespread vaccine use with etiologies still due to relatively common organisms. However, risk factors for the development of meningitis are largely unknown. We describe the epidemiology of meningitis among the pediatric population of KPNC and assess the association between prior TBI and meningitis. Methods We conducted a retrospective descriptive study among KPNC pediatric patients (1 month-18 years) between July 2012 - June 2016 with an ICD-9 meningitis diagnosis. Charts were reviewed to a.) verify and classify the meningitis diagnosis and b.) ascertain prior TBI history. Cases were classified as confirmed, probable, or possible based on clinical course, CSF culture, PCR, and CSF profile. The proportion of meningitis cases with a history of TBI was compared with the published rate of TBI in the general pediatric population. Results Of 266 cases reviewed, 146 cases were verified as meningitis with 19 confirmed/probable bacterial [(S. pneumoniae (7), E. coli (3), S. Agalactiae (3), N. meningitidis (2), S. Aureus (1), and not otherwise specified (3)] and 50 confirmed/probable viral [(enterovirus (44), HSV2 (4), HSV1 (1), and WNV (1)] etiologies. An additional 77 possible cases included primarily viral etiologies (65) and a minority of possible bacterial (6) or infection-related inflammatory (6) etiologies. 120 were excluded. The overall meningitis and confirmed bacterial meningitis estimated incidence rate was 17.9 per 100,000 and 2.7 per 100,000, respectively. Twenty meningitis cases (13.7%) had a history of TBI (all of which were concussions) compared with the concussion rate in the general pediatric population reported by AL Zhang et al of 0.7% (P < 0.001). Conclusion Our results are consistent with recent studies showing a decline in bacterial meningitis. Enteroviral meningitis remains the leading cause of identified etiologies. However, in a sizable proportion of cases there was no specific pathogen identified. An increased risk of developing meningitis may be associated with TBIs. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
47
Sonko, Mouhamadou A., Felix S. Dube, Catherine Bi Okoi, Amadou Diop, Aliou Thiongane, Madikay Senghore, Peter Ndow, et al. "Changes in the Molecular Epidemiology of Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis in Senegal After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_2 (September 5, 2019): S156—S163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz517.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBackgroundBacterial meningitis is a major cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age. Senegal is part of World Health Organization–coordinated sentinel site surveillance for pediatric bacterial meningitis surveillance. We conducted this analysis to describe the epidemiology and etiology of bacterial meningitis among children less than 5 years in Senegal from 2010 and to 2016.MethodsChildren who met the inclusion criteria for suspected meningitis at the Centre Hospitalier National d’Enfants Albert Royer, Senegal, from 2010 to 2016 were included. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected from suspected cases examined by routine bacteriology and molecular assays. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing were performed.ResultsA total of 1013 children were admitted with suspected meningitis during the surveillance period. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus accounted for 66% (76/115), 25% (29/115), and 9% (10/115) of all confirmed cases, respectively. Most of the suspected cases (63%; 639/1013) and laboratory-confirmed (57%; 66/115) cases occurred during the first year of life. Pneumococcal meningitis case fatality rate was 6-fold higher than that of meningococcal meningitis (28% vs 5%). The predominant pneumococcal lineage causing meningitis was sequence type 618 (n = 7), commonly found among serotype 1 isolates. An ST 2174 lineage that included serotypes 19A and 23F was resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.ConclusionsThere has been a decline in pneumococcal meningitis post–pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Senegal. However, disease caused by pathogens covered by vaccines in widespread use still persists. There is need for continued effective monitoring of vaccine-preventable meningitis.
48
Mogensen, Trine H., Randi S. Berg, Søren R. Paludan, and Lars Østergaard. "Mechanisms of Dexamethasone-Mediated Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Induced by Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 1 (October 15, 2007): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00856-07.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Excessive inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis, which remains a serious disease despite treatment with antibiotics. Therefore, anti-inflammatory drugs have important therapeutic potential, and clinical trials have revealed that early treatment with dexamethasone significantly reduces mortality and morbidity from bacterial meningitis. Here we investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone upon the inflammatory responses evoked by Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae, two of the major causes of bacterial meningitis. The inflammatory cytokine response was dependent on Toll-like receptor signaling and was strongly inhibited by dexamethasone. Activation of the NF-κB pathway was targeted at several levels, including inhibition of IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB DNA-binding activity as well as upregulation of IκBα synthesis. Our data also revealed that the timing of steroid treatment relative to infection was important for achieving strong inhibition, particularly in response to S. pneumoniae. Altogether, we describe important targets of dexamethasone in the inflammatory responses evoked by N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae, which may contribute to our understanding of the clinical effect and the importance of timing with respect to corticosteroid treatment during bacterial meningitis.
49
Hartman, Giles C., Ardiana Gjini, and Robert S. Heyderman. "The Emergency Management of Adult Bacterial Meningitis." Acute Medicine Journal 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0068.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last decade, new protein-conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (MenC) have had a dramatic effect on the epidemiology of childhood meningitis in the United Kingdom. Amongst adults, bacterial meningitis remains an important cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Clinicians need to remain vigilant for the possibility of this infection. The identification of the one patient with meningitis out of many with trivial viral infections remains a difficult task. Even once the diagnosis is made clinically, the subsequent investigation and management of the patient remains controversial, with strong opinions often influenced by one or two adverse experiences. Potential improvements in the way we identify and manage meningitis patients have been identified in recent years. This review will focus on those areas relevant to the emergency care specialist. Meningitis in the immunocompromised patient often has a different clinical and epidemiological pattern and is beyond the scope of this review.
50
GOMEZ, E., M. PEGUERO, J. SANCHEZ, P. L. CASTELLANOS, J. FERIS, C. PEÑA, L. BRUDZINSKI-LaCLAIRE, and O. S. LEVINE. "Population-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis in the Dominican Republic: implications for control by vaccination." Epidemiology and Infection 125, no. 3 (December 2000): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800004830.
Full textAbstract:
Quantifying the local burden of disease is an important step towards the introduction of new vaccines, such as Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine. We adapted a generic protocol developed by the World Health Organization for population-based surveillance of bacterial meningitis. All hospitals that admit paediatric patients with meningitis in the National District, Dominican Republic were included in the system and standard laboratory methods were used. The system identified 111 cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis. Hib was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, followed by group B streptococcus, S. pneumoniae, and N. meningitidis. Unlike hospital-based case series, this population-based system was able to calculate incidence rates. The incidence of Hib meningitis was 13 cases per 100 000 children < 5 years old. The data from this study were used by the Ministry of Health to support the introduction of routine Hib vaccination and will be used to monitor its effectiveness.