Academic literature on the topic 'Menseregte Opvoeding'

The Gender Equity Task Team’s (1997) report, Gender Equity in Education, recommends that further research be done to identify the practices perpetuating inequitable gender relations in classrooms and to provide guidelines for teachers and learners to understand the meaning of the gender issues presented in the curriculum (South Africa, 1997:14&16). This research study echoes some of the desires of The Gender Equity Task Team through an exploration that engages with the extent to which gender equity is enacted in Human Rights Education curricula. In particular, the aims of this research study were to; • contest and deconstruct the notion ‘gender equity’ from scholarly perspectives as well as from explicit curriculum, female teachers’ and schoolgirls’ narratives, so as to create an awareness of gender equity in society and curriculum; and • engage with Human Rights Education pedagogical approaches so as to consider the promotion of gender equity through Human Rights Education curricula. The aims of the study were explored through a theoretical framework that engaged with Human Rights Education -, curriculum -, feminist - and gender studies theories. The methodological framework was that of qualitative narrative inquiry. A purposeful sample consisting of South African national curriculum policy documents as well as secondary school female teachers and Grade 9 schoolgirls in semi-rural and inner-city environments was selected. Document research, semi-structured one-on-one interviews and narrative-photovoice were the data collection methods, and critical discourse analysis the analytical framework. These theoretical and methodological stances were purposefully selected juxtaposed to the interests of the international SANPAD (South Africa Netherlands Research Programme on Alternatives in Development) project in which this research study resides, entitled: ‘Human Rights Education in diversity: Empowering girls in rural and metropolitan school environments’ (Roux, 2009). The findings and interpretations derived from the empirical data reveal that the formal Human Rights Education curriculum portrays gender and gender equity nuances as health, social and wellbeing dilemmas that have detrimental and destructive consequences on individuals and on society as a whole. The female teachers and schoolgirls experience gender equity primarily in terms of sameness and ‘being equal’. The elusive, complex nature of gender equity was not prevalent. However, the lived experiences of some female teachers and schoolgirls demonstrated the situatedness of their gender identity through the hidden curriculum and reinforced the notion of gender equity as a social construct. The findings of this research study have refined my understanding of the nuances of gender and gender equity, creating in me a deeper awareness of these concepts. This awareness permeates my vision of the curriculum in particular and the education system and society in general, and makes me want to strive toward fostering transformative curriculum spaces. Another contribution of this research study emerged from the desire to elicit schoolgirls’ narratives with the aid of photographs. By disrupting the boundaries between narrative and photovoice as data collection methods, narrative-photovoice was coined as a methodological contribution to this research study. The value of narrative-photovoice for and within gender studies research is also revealed. The third contribution of this research study emerged in response to the need to enrich the concept of gender equity within Human Rights Education. In effect, critical human rights literacy (HRLit) was conceptualized as a developing normative theory to deconstruct the discursive spaces emerging in Human Rights Education and to critically engage with their meanings.
Thesis (PhD (Curriculum Development Innovation and Evaluation))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

D.Ed.
On 27 April 1994 every person in South Africa exercised his/her basic rights as a citizen. By making a cross, citizens acknowledged the authority of the Constitution, and accepted the responsibility this places on their shoulders. The success or failure of the new South Africa is not dependent on the wording or impact of the Constitution, but relies on the willingness of all South Africans to honour the content of the Constitution. Fundamental rights which apply to each person in the country, can only be demanded on the condition that people want these rights for others too. Every right that is demanded, implies the responsibility to honour that right. South Africa needs humanity, goodwill, benevolence, acceptance and forgiveness. Provided that a culture of human rights can be established in the country, these ideals can become reality. Human rights can and should be made part of the South African reality; the Constitution describes it, the RDP calls for it and society demands it. In the course of this dissertation, school is focused on as the one institution in society that is eligible for the establishment of a culture of human rights. A survey done among practising teachers, underlines this thought. The necessity of, and the need for human rights education is founded in official documentation such as international bills of human rights and conventions, policies of Unesco and the Council of Europe, as well as the educational policies of different countries. World leaders and international academicians plead for the inclusion of human rights teaching programmes in the school curricula and the establishment of a human rights culture as part of the ethos of every school. Available material on the subject, that is implemented in schools all over the world, are introduced and evaluated in the light of South African circumstances and needs. Contents that could possibly be included in a curriculum in South African schools, are represented in terms of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. Problems facing human rights education in the South African society, as well as worldwide criticism against human rights education are dealt with. The inclusion of a human rights period and the incorporation of human rights contents in the total school curriculum, are suggested in order to establish a human rights ethos in schools. Some examples are given to indicate how contents can be concretised within the class situation. The establishment of an education and a teaching strategy that puts human rights first, and that has the support of all role players, is recommended. The success of the new South Africa will not be determined by the stock exchange, sport achievements, technological breakthroughs or political opinions, but through the attitude and will of each man and each woman to live and let live, and to strive towards a future together. Education and teaching can make each child and each home aware, and sensitise them to acknowledge, respect and accept every other human being. The Bill of Human Rights should not only remain part of the Constitution, but should indeed become part of every person's philosophy of life and attitude towards life.

M.Ed. (Educational Psychology)
Education in human rights has been grossly neglected in the South African schooling system. The far-reaching changes that are currently being worked in this country, however, compel all educators to start instructing their students not only in their own rights, but also in the rights of their fellow-citizens. This study forms part of a greater research project that has been launched by the Department of Educational Sciences of the Rand Afrikaans University. The aim of this study was to establish to what extent pupils have been made aware of their right to freedom and privacy by the time they have reached Std. 10. The following aspects of the right to freedom and privacy were identified on the basis of a literature study: the right to protection of a person's body, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of association, freedom of thought, freedom of worship, freedom of movement and the right to privacy. Following the identification of the above-mentioned aspects, a questionnaire was compiled, the results of which were verified by the process of content validation. Hypotheses made on the bases of pender, age group and religious affiliation were tested and the confidence of the questionnaire was tested on the 1% and 5% level. The most important findings of the investigation are as follows: The high average values obtained in respect of all aspects of freedom and privacy indicate that the respondents attach much importance to and are well informed on their right to freedom and privacy. The fact that so many respondents attach much importance to the right to the protection of their bodies, to the right to associate with whomever they choose and to freedom of speech, shows these factors to be of vital importance to their education. It was found that female respondents were of the opinion that pupils were made more aware of their right to freedom and privacy by the time they had reached Std. 10 than their male counterparts. Significant differences of opinion were found to exist between teachers and pupils, the various age groups, language groups, religions and teachers with different teaching experiences and qualifications as regards the question to what extent schools have made children aware of their right to freedom and privacy by the time they have reached Std. 10. Respondents were of the opinion that neither media exposure (l.e. radio, television and newspapers) nor school education and guardianship had any significant influence on the extent to which pupils are informed on their right to freedom and privacy. It can be concluded, therefore, that greater awareness needs to be created at school level as far as the education of pupils as to their right to freedom and privacy is concerned. It is recommended, furthermore, that a counselling programme be launched that would enable teachers, parents and pupils to gain thorough knowledge of their right to freedom and privacy, and of their responsibility to exercise these rights.

M.Ed. (Educational Psychology)
Human rights are currently the focal point of discussion. It is an actuality which' gains prominence as the complexity of society increases. This study will focus on the rights of the individual in relation to the other members of the group and the family. The family is seen as a bond of community in which the individual is anchored. The problems which are therefore addressed in this dissertation, are: Are children sufficiently informed about the rights of the individual in his group and his family? Are there any aspects with regard to the rights of the individual in his group or family about which children have almost no knowledge? The aim of this study was to ascertain to what extent the rights of the individual in the group are communicated to the child by the school, and to determine which educational gaps exists in this respect. The nature of this study is exploratory and descriptive. Exploratory studies have as their aim the exploration of a relatively unknown area. In this project the rights of the individual in his group and family are examined; also whether, and to what extent, these rights are communicated to the child - it is a relatively unknown area in educational studies which is explored. The ways in which the research in this study was by undertaken and carried out, includes amongst others a study of the literature which contains the relevant and, where possible the youngest views of experts on the appropriate area of research. It will form the frame of reference for the empirical study which will follow. The empirical component of the investigation was based on the implementation of a questionnaire. The variables were subjected to an item analysis. The independent variables, ie., sex; character; age; language; language of instruction; religion; news value; experience in teaching; qualification; professional skill and guardianship, were used to investigate the importance of the rights of the individual in relation to the other members of the group and the family.

M.Ed.
South Africa has gone through extensive constitutional changes and the institution of a bill of rights for the protection of basic human rights is a certainty. A bill of rights is an essentially constitutional document, formulating and protecting the basic rights and freedoms of the individual concerning the state. It is, therefore, necessary to familiarize pupils with the nature and content of their basic human rights, since we live in a country with a bill of rights.

M.Ed.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the question of human rights education has been attended to by schools, and particularly then the following aspects: citizens' rights and political rights. In this study the researcher endeavoured to shed some light on the uncertainty surrounding the education of human rights, in particular citizens' and political rights. The answers to the following questions had to be determined: * why is it important for children to know about these aspects of human rights I why would it seem to be a priority? * are pupils presently being informed about the above mentioned aspects of human rights? * if the answer to the above mentioned question is yes, it leads to the following: to what extend are they being informed? * if it should appear that there are indeed shortcomings in the education programmes in this regard, how severe are they? * what levels of research remains after the completion of this particular study? The literature study involves theoretical descriptions of certain concepts, such as: human rights, the development of a declaration of human rights, the importance of this issue, the legal position of a bill of rights as stipulated in the constitution of a country; the implications of the absence of a bill of rights in the constitutional law of a country. Furthermore certain facets of citizens' and political rights were prominent in this research study: the right to vote; the right to obtain a passport; the right to be allowed back in the country after overseas visits; the right not te be banned; the right not to be intimidated and the right to free participation in the activities of any political party. Validity of the empirical component of the investigation were ascertained by presenting the content thereof to experts in the field, for their approval. Multi-variate Analyses (MANOVA and HOTELLING T-SQUARE) as well as Single variate Analyses (ANOVA, Student T-test, Scheffe test) were used in the statistical analyses of the data. Hypotheses on gender, professional capacity, age, home and tutor language mediums~ religious stance, frequency of obtaining media news through television, newspaper and radio, teachers' experience, subject involvement, and pupil's dependancy position were set. THE MOST IMPORTANT FINDINGS: * at present there exists a definite gap in education programmes as far as human rights' issues are concerned; * specific respondents, grouped according to biographical data, (especially such as difference in home language, age, religion and years of experience) indicate only a slight difference in perceptions regarding pupils' knowledge of the facets of citizens' and political rights, * pupils are well informed about certain facets of the above mentioned rights, but quite poorly informed about some very important facets.