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Journal articles on the topic 'Menstrual cup'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Day, S. "A retained menstrual cup." International Journal of STD & AIDS 23, no. 5 (May 2012): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2011.011277.

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2

K., Shwetha Ballal, and Amritha Bhandary. "Menstrual cup: awareness among reproductive women." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20201066.

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Background: Menstrual cup is an alternative to sanitary pads, which has received attention in relatively small-scale studies in high income, and low- and middle-income countries, including among schoolgirls. Made of high-grade medical grade silicone (biodegradable) have the advantage of reuse, and can potentially last up to 10 years. Objective of this study was to assess and analyse the awareness regarding menstrual cup among the women of reproductive age group.Methods: Data collected from the selected eligible participants by an interviewer administered study proforma. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study over 1 month in women in reproductive age in A. J. Institute Mangalore, Karnataka, India.Results: A total 82% were aware about menstrual cup but only 2.6% have used it.Conclusions: One challenge of menstruation that is taken for granted in affluent countries is the simple question of how to manage or contain the menstrual flow and what happens to a girl or woman who is not able to do this successfully. Menstrual hygiene management is therefore an increasingly important (yet often unrecognized) issue that is heavily intertwined with girls’ education, empowerment, and social development.
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Eti, Manorama, Shreya M. S., and Sailakshmi M. P. A. "Knowledge about menstrual cup and its usage among medical students." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 4966. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20195353.

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Background: Menstrual cups have been available for decades, but their use in India is limited because of lack of awareness and popularity of sanitary pads. Since they are reusable, they reduce solid waste and are environment friendly. The need of the hour is education, awareness, and availability of the eco-friendly practices when it comes to managing menstrual waste effectively. Once that is taken care of, it will be easy for anyone to make a green switch.Methods: A total 400 medical undergraduate students (females) were given a questionnaire. The objective of the study was to assess knowledge about the menstrual cup among students.Results: Among 400 medical students, 28(7%) of them dint know what a menstrual cup was! 262(70.4%) students were for usage of menstrual cup in virgins. There was no clear picture among students regarding material used in cup manufacture, its emptying time and sterilisation technique. Among 372 students, none of them used a menstrual cup.Conclusions: All the students in the study used sanitary pads, owing to its popularity and promotion. There was lack of awareness about the cup. So, we conclude that menstrual cup needs promotion in India. To boost the adoption rate of menstrual cups, youth should be targeted, who are more open to the idea of environment-friendly products. The Government must conduct awareness programs in the rural areas and work constantly spreading the message across all socio-economic sectors so that we can make the dream of a “pad free country”, a reality soon.
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Newman, Emmy. "The Jellyfish and the Menstrual Cup." Cream City Review 43, no. 1 (2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ccr.2019.0026.

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5

Mitchell, Michael A., Steve Bisch, Shannon Arntfield, and Seyed M. Hosseini-Moghaddam. "A Confirmed Case of Toxic Shock Syndrome Associated with the Use of a Menstrual Cup." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 26, no. 4 (2015): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/560959.

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Menstrual cups have been reported to be an acceptable substitute for tampons. These flexible cups have also been reported to provide a sustainable solution to menstrual management, with modest cost savings and no significant health risk.The present article documents the first case of toxic shock syndrome associated with the use of a menstrual cup in a woman 37 years of age, using a menstrual cup for the first time. Toxic shock syndrome and the literature on menstrual cups is reviewed and a possible mechanism for the development of toxic shock syndrome in the patient is described.
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Kakani, C. R., and Jalpa K. Bhatt. "Study of adaptability and efficacy of menstrual cup in managing menstrual health and hygiene." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 7 (June 24, 2017): 3045. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172932.

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Background: Menstrual cups have been available for decades, but their use is limited by bulky design and the need for multiple sizes. However, some benefits have been reported like improvement in managing health and hygiene during menstruation, better information on the average menstrual fluid discharged by women during menstruation and attainment of more knowledge bridging the lacuna in knowledge about the adaptability and efficacy of menstrual cup as a better alternative to conventional options. The study is aimed towards assessing the adaptability and the effectiveness of menstrual cup by naïve users who have been using sanitary pads/tampons/cloth as conventional menstrual sanitary protection.Methods: The study was conducted at conducted Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society, Medical College and Hospital, Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat, India. Total 158 participants aged between ages of 20 to 50 years with regular menstrual cycle were enrolled in the study. Participants were provided menstrual cups to be used for three consecutive menstrual cycles. They were given detailed explanation/information about its usage. Feedback was obtained after every cycle for three cycles using a structured questionnaire.Results: The cup was preferred for comfort, dryness, and less odor. Insertion was easy for 80% participants and 90% participants found removal easy. Problem of leakage was encountered in 3-6%. There were few side effects like rashes, dryness or infection.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that this reusable vaginal device has no significant health risks and is acceptable to many women without the need for fitting or other medical services.
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7

Nonfoux, Louis, Myriam Chiaruzzi, Cédric Badiou, Jessica Baude, Anne Tristan, Jean Thioulouse, Daniel Muller, Claire Prigent-Combaret, and Gérard Lina. "Impact of Currently Marketed Tampons and Menstrual Cups onStaphylococcus aureusGrowth and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 ProductionIn Vitro." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 84, no. 12 (April 20, 2018): e00351-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00351-18.

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ABSTRACTFifteen currently marketed intravaginal protection products (11 types of tampon and 4 types of menstrual cup) were tested by the modified tampon sac method to determine their effect onStaphylococcus aureusgrowth and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) production. Most tampons reducedS. aureusgrowth and TSST-1 production, with differences based on brand and composition, and the level ofS. aureusgrowth was higher in destructured than in unaltered tampons. We observed higher levels ofS. aureusgrowth and toxin production in menstrual cups than in tampons, potentially due to the additional air introduced into the bag by cups, with differences based on cup composition and size.IMPORTANCEMenstrual toxic shock syndrome is a rare but severe disease. It occurs in healthy women vaginally colonized byStaphylococcus aureusproducing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 using intravaginal protection, such as tampons or menstrual cups. Intravaginal protection induces TSS by the collection of catamenial products, which act as a growth medium forS. aureus. Previous studies evaluated the impact of tampon composition onS. aureusproducing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, but they are not recent and did not include menstrual cups. This study demonstrates that highly reproducible results forS. aureusgrowth and TSST-1 production can be obtained by using a simple protocol that reproduces the physiological conditions of tampon and cup usage as closely as possible, providing recommendations for tampon or cup use to both manufacturers and consumers. Notably, our results do not show that menstrual cups are safer than tampons and suggest that they require similar precautions.
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8

Adedokun, B. O. "Hydronephrosis associated with the use of menstrual cup." European Urology Supplements 16, no. 11 (November 2017): e2865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(17)32007-9.

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9

Wilhite, Samuel, and Douglas Rogers. "Acute Ureteral Obstruction by Deeply Inserted Menstrual Cup." Urology 139 (May 2020): e6-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2020.02.012.

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10

Athiel, Yoann, Laure Benoit, and Lucile Pencolé. "Renal colic with ureterohydronephrosis due to menstrual cup." Urology Case Reports 28 (January 2020): 101058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eucr.2019.101058.

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El Soufi, Hind, Yahya El Soufi, Sarah Al-Nuaimi, and Farshad Bagheri. "Toxic shock syndrome associated with menstrual cup use." IDCases 25 (2021): e01171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01171.

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12

Beksinska, Mags, Jennifer Smit, Ross Greener, Virginia Maphumulo, and Zonke Mabude. "Better menstrual management options for adolescents needed in South Africa: What about the menstrual cup?" South African Medical Journal 105, no. 5 (May 27, 2015): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.9205.

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13

Koks, C. A. M., G. A. J. Dunselman, A. F. M. P. de Goeij, J. W. Arends, and J. L. H. Evers. "R-154. The menstrual cup is an acceptable instrument for the collection of menstrual effluent." Human Reproduction 12, Suppl_2 (June 1997): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.302-a.

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14

Beksinska, Mags E., Jenni Smit, Ross Greener, Catherine S. Todd, Mei-ling Ting Lee, Virginia Maphumulo, and Vivian Hoffmann. "Acceptability and Performance of the Menstrual Cup in South Africa: A Randomized Crossover Trial Comparing the Menstrual Cup to Tampons or Sanitary Pads." Journal of Women's Health 24, no. 2 (February 2015): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2014.5021.

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15

Mason, Linda, Elizabeth Nyothach, Anna Maria Van Eijk, David Obor, Kelly T. Alexander, Isaac Ngere, Kayla Laserson, and Penelope Phillips-Howard. "Comparing use and acceptability of menstrual cups and sanitary pads by schoolgirls in rural Western Kenya." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 2974. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193506.

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Background: Girls in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) lack access to hygienic and affordable menstrual products. We explore Kenyan schoolgirls’ use and views of the cup compared to girls provided with disposable sanitary pads for a feasibility study.Methods: Schoolgirls aged 14-16 years, received a menstrual cup in 10 schools or 16 pads/month in another10 schools. All were trained by nurses on puberty, hand washing, and product use. They self-completed a net book survey at baseline and twice a term during a year follow-up. We examined their reported ease of insertion and removal, also comfort, soreness, and pain with product use. An aggregate ‘acceptability’ score was compiled for each product and girls’ socio-demographic and menstrual characteristics were compared.Results: 195 participants received cups and 255 pads. Mean age was 14.6 years, menarchial age was 13.6 years, with an average 3.8 days menses per month. Cup use was 39% in month 1, rising to 80% by month 12 (linear trend p<0.001). Pad use rose from 85% to 92% (linear trend p=0.15). Measures of cup acceptability demonstrated girls had initial problems using the cup but reported difficulties with insertion, removal and comfort reduced over time. Girls using pads reported fewer acceptability issues. At baseline, approximately a quarter of girls in the pad arm reported inserting pads intravaginally although this was significantly lower among girls with prior experience of pad use (aRR 0.62; 0.45-0.87).Conclusions: While a smaller proportion of girls provided with cups used them in the first months compared to girls given pads, reported use was similar by study-end, and early acceptability issues reduced over time. Girls in LMIC may successfully and comfortably use cups, but require instruction, support and some persistence.
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16

Oster, Emily, and Rebecca Thornton. "DETERMINANTS OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: PEER EFFECTS IN MENSTRUAL CUP TAKE-UP." Journal of the European Economic Association 10, no. 6 (August 8, 2012): 1263–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-4774.2012.01090.x.

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Stolz, Alexandre, Jean-Yves Meuwly, Apolline Roussel, and Emilie Nicodème Paulin. "An improperly positioned menstrual cup complicated by hydronephrosis: A case report." Case Reports in Women's Health 22 (April 2019): e00108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crwh.2019.e00108.

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Seale, Rebecca, Lisa Powers, Maryam Guiahi, and Kate Coleman-Minahan. "Unintentional IUD expulsion with concomitant menstrual cup use: a case series." Contraception 100, no. 1 (July 2019): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2019.03.047.

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19

Stewart, K., M. Powell, and R. Greer. "An alternative to conventional sanitary protection: Would women use a menstrual cup?" Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 29, no. 1 (January 2009): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610802628841.

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Koks, Carolien A. M., Gerard A. J. Dunselman, Anton F. P. M. de Goeij, Jan Willem Arends, and Johannes L. H. Evers. "Evaluation of a menstrual cup to collect shed endometrium for in vitro studies." Fertility and Sterility 68, no. 3 (September 1997): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00250-1.

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Koks, C. A. M., G. A. J. Dunselman, A. F. M. P. de Goeij, J. W. Arends, and J. L. H. Evers. "R-152. Menstrual effluent collected with a menstrual cup contains viable shed endometrium which can be used in in-vitro studies." Human Reproduction 12, Suppl_2 (June 1997): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.301-a.

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22

van Eijk, Anna Maria, Garazi Zulaika, Madeline Lenchner, Linda Mason, Muthusamy Sivakami, Elizabeth Nyothach, Holger Unger, Kayla Laserson, and Penelope A. Phillips-Howard. "Menstrual cup use, leakage, acceptability, safety, and availability: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Lancet Public Health 4, no. 8 (August 2019): e376-e393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30111-2.

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Shihata, Alfred. "An Innovative, Reusable Menstrual Cup that Enhances the Quality of Women’s Lives during Menstruation." British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 4, no. 19 (January 10, 2014): 3581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2014/9640.

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Milne, Jessica M., and Jessica L. Barnack-Tavlaris. "A Comparison of the Menstrual Cup and the Intrauterine Device: Attitudes and Future Intentions." Women's Reproductive Health 6, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23293691.2019.1653576.

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25

Sugiharti, E., and D. Fauziah. "Comparative study between KNN and maximum entropy classification in sentiment analysis of menstrual cup." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1918, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 042158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1918/4/042158.

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Ryan, Nessa E. "2446 Feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of the menstrual cup for short-term non-surgical management of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) among potential users and stakeholders." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.74.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To examine how women with OF in Ghana develop strategies for coping in the absence of access to successful surgical repair. To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of an innovation to support coping among women with OF seeking care in a health facility in Ghana. To examine the perceived facilitators and barriers to implementation among additional OF stakeholders regarding the innovation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study uses a sequential exploratory mixed methods design. The population of study is women in Ghana living with obstetric fistula, as well as additional fistula stakeholders (programmers, policy makers, community leaders). To get an understanding of usual leakage, women carried out at baseline a pad test, where they wore a sanitary pad for 2 hours and leaked freely. We subtracted the dry pad weight from the wet pad weight to estimate urine leakage in mL. Then women inserted the cup for 2 hours and again wore a pad and urine leakage was estimated. Acceptability among women with vesicovaginal fistula was measured by questionnaire. Acceptability among additional stakeholders was examined by semistructured interview. Appropriateness was assessed among the user, additional stakeholders, and organizational setting. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We observed a 61% mean reduction in leakage with the cup which was also perceived by cup users as a reduction in wetness. Notably, one participant who had 4 previous surgical attempts, experienced a 78% reduction in leakage. No adverse events attributable to use of the cup were observed, unlike some of the strategies women currently use to manage leakage. Acceptability was high as most women could easily insert, remove, and wear the cup over the 2-hour period and fistula stakeholders indicated the innovation content and complexity were acceptable. In community interviews, women shared various coping and self-care strategies to manage their leaking, other related impairments, and stigma. Women using the cup in the health facility expressed that it was useful. Additional stakeholders found the cup a low-cost, low-tech solution to supplement existing programs. Within the stakeholder interviews we heard that the cultural norms and existing activities of the potential implementation partners align with the innovation approach. Stakeholders revealed various implementation facilitators and barriers. The facilitators to implementation reported in the interviews were related to the intervention and organization characteristics in particular. Stakeholders perceived a relative advantage to self-management. Stakeholders had concerns regarding whether women would find the insertable device acceptable and appropriate—questioning whether potential users would have access to water, soap, and safe space to empty cup. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The innovation is efficacious, acceptable, adds to current coping strategies, and fits within existing fistula programs. Stakeholders pre-implementation perceptions highlight the importance of partnerships and the need for an evidence base related to effectiveness, acceptability, and cost. Challenges to address include access to resources within these contexts (water, soap, and safe space) and development appropriate counseling message.
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North, Barbara B., and Michael J. Oldham. "Preclinical, Clinical, and Over-the-Counter Postmarketing Experience with a New Vaginal Cup: Menstrual Collection." Journal of Women's Health 20, no. 2 (February 2011): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2009.1929.

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Nunes-Carneiro, Diogo, Tiago Couto, and Vítor Cavadas. "Is the menstrual cup harmless? A case report of an unusual cause of renal colic." International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 46 (2018): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.04.002.

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Deepa, S., Twinkle Agrawal, Teny Attokaran, Farah Naaz Fathima, and Avita Rose Johnson. "Awareness, perceptions and practices regarding menstruation and menstrual hygiene among students of a college in Bengaluru Urban district, South India: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190597.

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Background: Millions of women face significant barriers in menstrual hygiene management due to inadequate awareness, misconceptions and erroneous practices. The objectives of the study were to assess the awareness, perceptions and practices regarding menstruation and their associated factors among youth of a peri-urban college in Bangalore Urban district.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among both male and female students studying in a degree college. A pre-designed, face-validated structured questionnaire was administered to all students present on the day of the study.Results: Of the 758 students, 372 (49.1%) were male and 386 (50.9%) were female. The mean age was 19.35±1.40 years. A consolidated score above 50% i.e. 07/14 was considered adequate for knowledge. The mean knowledge score was 7.51±2.52. Overall 389 (51.3%) students had adequate knowledge. Awareness levels were significantly better among females (72.3%) than males (29.6%). Among the female students, 384 (99.5%) were aware of sanitary napkins, 165 (42.7%) of menstrual cup, 12 (3.1%) of tampon and 254 (65.8%) of reusable cloth, however majority (96.9%) preferred use of sanitary napkins. Among the female students, 42.6% were expected to follow some social and cultural restrictions during menstruation. Main source of information regarding menstruation and various menstrual products was internet. Misconceptions documented regarding menstruation included the belief that menstrual blood is poisonous (75.2%). Positive attitude towards menstruation was low both among male students (21.5%) and female students (48.4%).Conclusions: Awareness levels were poor among males than females. Practices regarding menstrual hygiene were adequate. However, misconceptions were widely prevalent among both genders indicating the need for health education among college-going childhood.
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S, Meghana, and Gomathy E. "Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding menstrual cup among reproductive women in a rural tertiary care Hospital." International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/gynae.2021.v5.i2d.889.

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Baiti, Cut Nur, Astriana Astriana, Nita Evrianasari, and Dewi Yuliasari. "KUNYIT ASAM MENGURANGI NYERI HAID PADA REMAJA PUTRI." Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jkm.v7i2.1785.

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ACID TURMERIC REDUCES MENSTRUAL PAIN IN TEENAGE GIRLS Background: Dysmenorrhea or painful menstruation is a common gynecological problem for women of all ages. The incidence of dysmenorrhea in the world is very large. On average, more than 50% of women experience it. Turmeric drink is a drink that is processed with the main ingredient of turmeric. Naturally, turmeric does not contain active ingredients that can function as analgesics, anti-pyretics, and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, turmeric drinks as a pain reliever in primary dysmenorrhea. A preliminary study conducted at Tri Sukses High School, there were 7 young women who could not see if tamarind turmeric helped reduce pain, so so far, if they experience menstrual pain, they take pain relievers.Purpose: To determine the effect of tamarind turmeric on pain in adolescent girls at Tri Sukses High School, Natar District, South Lampung Regency 2019.Methods: Quantitative Research Type. The research design used was pre-experiment with one group pretest-postest design. The sample size is 30 female teenage respondents who experience pain. In this study, the treatment was given by consuming tamarind turmeric as much as 1 cup / day during menstruation, and measuring pain before and after consuming tamarind turmeric. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis with T-test.Results: Based on the statistical test, it was found that the p value of 0,000,000 was rejected and Ha was accepted, which means that there was an effect of giving turmeric and sour stew on menstrual pain in young women at Tri Sukses High School, Natar District, South Lampung Regency. With the mean menstrual pain before being given tamarind turmeric decoction of 6.72, median 7.00, standard deviation of 0.752, pain scale of at least 6 and a maximum of 9. After being given treatment, the mean was 3.67, median 4.00, standard deviation of 0.767, scale pain at least 3 and a maximum of 6.Conclusion: there is the effect of giving tamarind turmeric decoction on menstrual pain in Teenage GirlsSuggestion : the results of this study can be applied for young women to reduce menstrual pain complaints for girls who are menstruating. Keywords: Turmeric Acid, Menstrual Pain,Teenage Girls ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Dismenore atau menstruasi yang menimbulkan nyeri merupakan salah satu masalah ginekologi yang paling umum dialami wanita dari berbagai tingkat usia. Angka kejadian dismenore di dunia sangat besar. Rata-rata lebih dari 50% perempuan mengalaminya. Minuman kunyit adalah suatu minuman yang diolah dengan bahan utama kunyit. Secara alamiah memang kunyit dipercaya memiliki kandungan bahan aktif yang dapat berfungsi sebagai analgetika, antipiretika, dan antiinflamasi. Selain itu dijelaskan bahwa minuman kunyit sebagai pengurang rasa nyeri pada dismenore primer. Studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan di SMA Tri Sukses terdapat 7 orang remaja putri tersebut tidak mengetahui jika kunyit asam dapat membantu mengurangi nyeri haid, sehingga selama ini jika mengalami nyeri haid mereka mengkonsumsi obat pereda nyeri.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh kunyit asam dengan nyeri haid pada remaja putri di SMA Tri Sukses Kecamatan Natar Kabupaten Lampung selatan 2019.Metodologi : Jenis Penelitian Kuantitatif, Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre eksperimen dengan design one group pretest-postest. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 responden remaja putri yang mengalami nyeri haid. Pada penelitian ini sampel diberi perlakuan dengan mengkonsusmsi kunyit asam sebanyak 1 gelas/hari selama menstruasi, dan dilakukan pengukuran nyeri sebelum dan sesudah konsumsi kunyit asam. Dalam pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling Analisa data dengan uji T-test.Hasil : Berdasarkan uji statistik didapat p value 0,000 artinya H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada Pengaruh Pemberian Rebusan Kunyit Asam Terhadap Nyeri Haid Pada Remaja Putri di SMA Tri Sukses Kecamatan Natar Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Dengan Mean nyeri haid sebelum diberikan rebusan kunyit asam sebesar 6,72, median 7,00, standar deviasi 0,752, skala nyeri minimal 6 dan maximal 9. Sesudah diberikanperlakuan diperoleh mean sebesar 3,67, median 4,00, standar deviasi 0,767, skala nyeri minimal 3 dan maximal 6.Kesimpulan: Ada Pengaruh Pemberian Rebusan Kunyit Asam Terhadap Nyeri Haid Pada Remaja PutriSaran : Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat diaplikasikan oleh remaja putri untuk mengurangi keluhan nyeri haid bagi remaja putri yang sedang menstruasi. Kata Kunci : Kunyit Asam, Nyeri Menstruasi,remaja
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Long, Jill, Courtney Schreiber, Mitchell D. Creinin, Bliss Kaneshiro, Kavita Nanda, and Diana Blithe. "Menstrual Cup Use and Intrauterine Device Expulsion in a Copper Intrauterine Device Contraceptive Efficacy Trial [OP01-1B]." Obstetrics & Gynecology 135 (May 2020): 1S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000662872.89062.83.

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Adib Shihata, Alfred, and Steven Brody. "Five Year Study of a Unique, Eco-friendly, Menstrual Cup, That Enhances the Quality of Women’s Lives During Menstruation." Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 7, no. 6 (2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20190706.12.

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Ryan, Nessa E. "3361 Feasibility, Acceptability, and Appropriateness of an Insertable Vaginal Cup to Manage Urinary Incontinence Among Women with Obstetric Fistula in Ghana: A Mixed Methods Study." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.105.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: 1. To assess feasibility (efficacy, safety, acceptability) of the menstrual cup for managing urinary incontinence among women with obstetric fistula 2. To examine pre-implementation facilitators and barriers (including appropriateness) among additional stakeholders METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Sequential explanatory mixed methods study whereby repeated measures clinical trial results are explained by subsequent interviews with additional women with OF on coping and stigma and other stakeholders on perceptions of fistula self-management. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the 32 patients screened, 11 were eligible (100% consent rate). At baseline, mean (±SD) leakage in ml was 63.2 (±49.2) (95% CI: 30.2-96.3) over two hours, while the mean leakage over two hours of use of the cup was 16.8 (±16.5) (95% CI: 5.7-27.9). The mean difference of 46.4 (±52.1) ml with use of the cup (95% CI: 11.4-81.4) was statistically significant (p = 0.02). With the cup, women experienced an average 61.0% (±37.4) (95% CI: 35.9-86.2) leakage reduction, a difference 10/11 users (91.0%) perceived in reduced leakage. One participant, reporting four previous surgical attempts, experienced a 78.7% leakage reduction. Acceptability was high–women could easily insert (8/11), remove (8/11), and comfortably wear (11/11) the cup and most (10/11) would recommend it. No adverse effects attributable to the intervention were observed on exam, although some women perceived difficulties with insertion and removal. Data collection tools were appropriate with slight modification advised. Interviews highlighted that women were already using various active coping and resistance strategies but lacked access to tools to support coping. Additional stakeholders reported the innovation was a simple, low-cost device that is an appropriate fit with ongoing fistula programming. Pre-implementation facilitators include the clear relative advantage to existing self-management strategies, the potential to build upon existing partnerships to implement, and a tension for change to address surgical gaps. Barriers included additional stakeholder’s perceptions of low user acceptability and appropriateness in some cases and the need for additional study data to inform decision making for practice and policy. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The innovation is efficacious, acceptable, adds to current coping strategies, and fits within existing fistula programs. Stakeholders’ pre-implementation perceptions highlight the importance of partnerships and the need for an evidence base related to effectiveness, acceptability, and cost. Challenges to address include access to resources within these contexts (water, soap, and safe space to empty cup) and development of a culturally appropriate counseling message. Future research warranted.
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Ruddock-Ward, Kara, and Suzie Lane. "Is there inadequate awareness amongst patients and medical students of the risks of concurrent menstrual cup and IUD/IUS usage?" European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 25, no. 6 (August 27, 2020): 502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2020.1807000.

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Iqbal, Arsheed, Afroza Jan, Md Sheeraz, Haider Ali Quraishi, Arjumand Shah, Huma Huma, and A. Raheem. "Efficacy of Hijamah Bila Shart (Dry Cupping) in Primary Dysmenorrhea." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5 (September 11, 2018): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1884.

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Usre Tams (Dysmenorrhea) is the most common of gynecologic complaints. It affects half of all female adolescents today and represents the leading cause of periodic college/school absenteeism among that population. Since ancient times, Hijamah bila Shart (Dry cupping) is a method of treatment for this disease. Therefore, objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the efficacy of Hijamah bila Shart on intensity of pain in Usre Tams by using verbal multi-dimensional scoring system. It was conducted on 40 patients. Patients suffering from primary dysmenorrhoea with regular cycles, age group 15-40years were selected. For dry cupping, two glass cup of medium size were applied below the umbilicus for 20 minutes on day land/or day 2 of the menstrual phase for one cycle and pain intensity was assessed by verbal multi-dimensional scoring system for pain before and after the treatment. Keywords: Dysmenorrhoea, Hijamah bila Shart, Dry cupping, Usre Tams
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Ganyaglo, Gabriel Y. K., Nessa Ryan, Joonhee Park, and A. T. Lassey. "Feasibility and acceptability of the menstrual cup for non-surgical management of vesicovaginal fistula among women at a health facility in Ghana." PLOS ONE 13, no. 11 (November 28, 2018): e0207925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207925.

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Archary, Derseree, Lenine J. Liebenberg, Lise Werner, Sahil Tulsi, Nelisile Majola, Nivashnee Naicker, Sarah Dlamini, et al. "Randomized Cross-Sectional Study to Compare HIV-1 Specific Antibody and Cytokine Concentrations in Female Genital Secretions Obtained by Menstrual Cup and Cervicovaginal Lavage." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (July 6, 2015): e0131906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131906.

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Huang, Pin-Tzu, and Jiun-Hau Huang. "Menstrual Cup Use Intention and the Moderating Effects of Sexual Orientation and Gender Characteristic Among Female University Students in Taiwan: A Theory-Driven Exploration." Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, no. 4 (August 20, 2019): 1355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-1412-y.

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Masson, Lindi, Shaun Barnabas, Jennifer Deese, Katie Lennard, Smritee Dabee, Hoyam Gamieldien, Shameem Z. Jaumdally, et al. "Inflammatory cytokine biomarkers of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections and vaginal dysbiosis: a multicentre validation study." Sexually Transmitted Infections 95, no. 1 (July 17, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053506.

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ObjectivesVaginal dysbiosis and STIs are important drivers of the HIV epidemic and reproductive complications. These conditions remain prevalent, partly because most cases are asymptomatic. We have shown that inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β and interferon-γ-induced protein (IP)-10 are biomarkers for detecting asymptomatic STIs and vaginal dysbiosis (bacterial vaginosis (BV) or intermediate microbiota). This study aimed to validate the performance of these biomarkers in African women recruited regardless of symptoms.MethodsIL-1α, IL-1β and IP-10 were measured in menstrual cup secretions, endocervical, lateral vaginal wall and vulvovaginal swabs from 550 women from Pretoria, Soweto and Cape Town, South Africa and Bondo, Kenya using Luminex and ELISA. STIs were assessed by PCR, BV by Nugent scoring and vaginal microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsAcross four study populations and four types of genital specimens, the performance of IL-1α, IL-1β and IP-10 for identification of women with STIs, BV or intermediate microbiota was consistent. Of the genital samples assessed, biomarkers measured in lateral vaginal wall swabs performed best, correctly classifying 76%(95% CI 70% to 81%) of women according to STI, BV or intermediate microbiota status (sensitivity 77%, specificity 71%) and were more accurate than clinical symptoms (sensitivity 41%, specificity 57%) (p=0.0003). Women incorrectly classified as STI/BV positive using the biomarkers had more abundant dysbiosis-associated bacteria, including Prevotella bivia and Gardnerella sp, detected by 16S rRNA sequencing, but not Nugent scoring. Including vaginal pH with the cytokine biomarkers improved the accuracy of the test (82% (95% CI 75% to 88%) correctly classified), although pH alone had poor specificity (61%).ConclusionsAn inexpensive, point-of-care screening test including IL-1α, IL-1β and IP-10 (and potentially pH) could be used in resource-limited settings to identify women with asymptomatic STIs and dysbiosis. These women could then be referred for aetiological testing, followed by specific treatment.
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O’Hanlon, D. Elizabeth, Sarah E. Brown, Xin He, Christina A. Stennett, Sarah J. Robbins, Elizabeth D. Johnston, Amelia M. Wnorowski, et al. "Observational cohort study of the effect of a single lubricant exposure during transvaginal ultrasound on cell-shedding from the vaginal epithelium." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): e0250153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250153.

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The outer layers of the vaginal epithelium (VE) are important because they accumulate glycogen which, under optimal conditions, Lactobacillus spp. consume to grow and acidify the vaginal microenvironment with lactic acid. We hypothesized that exposure to lubricant, for example in the conduct of a transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), may contribute to the shedding of mature epithelial cells, exposing immature cells. Cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) was sampled at four time points by menstrual cup (Softdisc™) from 50 women referred for TVUS, during which a controlled volume of lubricant was applied to the TVUS wand. Samples were collected (1) immediately before TVUS and (2) 6–12 hours, (3) within one week, and (4) two weeks after TVUS. Clinical vaginal lubricants are similar to commercial lubricants, and often have a high osmolality or pH, and contain bactericides such as methylparaben and propylparaben. The number and maturity of epithelial cells in each CVF sample were measured by quantitative and differential fluorimetry (maturity index, MI). Comparisons of cell-counts and maturity were made by paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Among women with a high pre-TVUS MI (> 3), there was a decrease in median cell-count and mean MI in the sample collected 6–12 hours after TVUS (p<0.001, n = 26 and p < 0.001, n = 26, respectively). For these women, cell-count and MI remained lower in the sample collected within the subsequent week (p<0.001, n = 29 and p<0.01, n = 29, respectively), and MI remained lower in the sample collected within two weeks of TVUS (p<0.01, n = 25), compared to the pre-TVUS sample. Among participants with a low pre-TVUS MI (< 3), cell-count was higher in the sample collected within two weeks of TVUS compared to the pre-TVUS sample (p = 0.03, n = 15), but no significant changes in MI were observed. Results were similar when restricted to reproductive-age women. This preliminary data indicates hypertonic vaginal lubricants may increase vaginal epithelial cell shedding.
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Slywitch, Eric, Carine Savalli, Antonio Cláudio Goulart Duarte, and Maria Arlete Meil Schimith Escrivão. "Iron Deficiency in Vegetarian and Omnivorous Individuals: Analysis of 1340 Individuals." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 2964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13092964.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of ferritin and the prevalence of iron deficiency in vegan and omnivorous individuals by taking into account the presence of elements that cause an elevation of ferritin levels, such as increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) values. The parameters were evaluated in 1340 individuals, i.e., 422 men and 225 women who do not menstruate and 693 women who do menstruate, based on omnivorous or vegetarian eating habits. The progressive increase in BMI, HOMA-IR, and inflammation caused an elevation in ferritin concentration, regardless of the eating habits in the groups studied. In the overall sample, omnivores had a higher prevalence of obesity, higher ferritin levels, and a lower prevalence of iron deficiency (ferritin < 30 ng/mL). However, after the exclusion of individuals with inflammation (with overweight/obesity and elevated hs-CRP levels), the actual iron deficiency was assessed and was not higher among vegetarians, except in women with regular menstrual cycles. Our data show that nutritional status and inflammation levels affect ferritin levels and may interfere with the correct diagnosis of iron deficiency in both vegetarian and omnivorous individuals. Compared to vegetarians, women who do not menstruate and men had the same prevalence of iron deficiency when following an omnivorous diet.
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Vashishta, Shilpi, Sushila Gahlot, Anita Singh, and Rajni Goyal. "Impact of menstrual cycle phases on C-reactive protein concentrations." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170667.

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Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the most commonly employed indicator of acute phase reaction and predictors of cardiovascular disease in healthy women; although, only a sparse information on its variations during a regular menstrual cycle is currently available. Our objective was to see whether CRP levels are affected during different phases of menstrual cycle.Methods: Females aged 15-45 years with regular menstrual cycle in terms of length, flow and variation from cycle to cycle were followed for one menstrual cycle. Serum levels of C-reactive protein were measured in the Follicular (10th day) and in the Luteal (22nd day) phase of the menstrual cycle.Results: C-reactive protein levels were observed to vary in response to the phases of menstrual cycle. The concentrations of C-reactive protein levels tend to be highest during the Follicular phase and it declined significantly in the Luteal phase.Conclusions: Identifying the fluctuations in C-reactive protein levels during the menstrual cycle is essential as there may be clinical implication of the suitable timing of assessment while framing and concluding studies in women of reproductive age.
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Jerotic, Stefan, Ivan Ristic, Zora Ignjatovic, and Nadja Maric. "T168. MACULAR THINNING IN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH PSYCHOSIS SPECTRUM DISORDERS: PRELIMINARY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.728.

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Abstract Background Structural retinal architecture in living organisms became measurable with the development of optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanners. Recent investigations identified thinning of individual retinal layers in psychosis spectrum disorders (PSD) [1]. Previous reports have shown that structural sex dimorphism of normal brain development is disturbed in psychosis [2]. To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined sex differences in retinal architecture in PSD. Methods A total of 39 patients with psychosis spectrum disorders and 35 healthy controls matched by age and sex were included. The groups were further divided according to sex: male patients (MP; n=21), female patients (FP; n=18), male controls (MC; n=18), female controls (FC; n=17). A spectral-domain OCT device (Cirrus 4000, Carl Zeiss Inc.) was used to assess the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), macular volume (MV), total macular thickness, mean and minimal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GC-IPL), optic cup volume and cup-to-disk ratio. Daily dosage of antipsychotic medication was calculated through chlorpromazine equivalents (CPZeq). Comparisons between the groups were performed with one-way ANOVA (Tukey post hoc), Student’s t-test, and chi-squared test. Results Sociodemographic/clinical characteristics of the groups were as follows: MC – age 29.6 ± 6.4 years; FC – age 32.8 ± 12.1 years; MP – age 33.2 ± 6.0 years (duration of illness 7.3 ± 4.0 years, CPZeq 254.1 ± 153.19 mg) and FP – age 30.6 ± 6.9 year (duration of illness 5.3 ± 3.7 years, CPZeq 201.6 ± 96.2 mg). There were no significant differences in any of the given parameters. Assessment of retinal parameters showed: lower macular central subfield thickness in the right eye when FP and FC were compared (243.75 vs. 260.52 µm, respectively; p=0.03), while in the left eye it showed a similar trend (FP vs. FC, 246.00 vs. 261.11 µm, respectively; p=0.06). MV was lower when FP and FC were compared both in the right (10.00 vs. 10.40 mm3, respectively; p=0.03) and in the left eye (9.94 vs. 10.40 mm3, respectively; p=0.00). Differences were found in total macular thickness in FP vs. FC in both right (277.81 vs. 288.94 µm, respectively; p=0.02) and left eye (276.00 vs. 288.88 µm, respectively; p=0.00). No significant differences in any of the retinal parameters were found when MP were compared with MC. In MP negative correlations were observed between mean antipsychotic dose and the following retinal parameters: inferior RNFL quadrant in the left eye (r=-0.76, p=0.00), macular volume in the right eye (r=-0.60, p=0.03), total macular thickness in the right (r=-0.61, p=0.03) and left eye (r=-0.59, p=0.04) and minimum GC-IPL thickness in the right eye (r=-0.63, p=0.02). In FP, no associations between any of the parameters and antipsychotic dosages were found. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, relatively greater macular thinning in female patients with psychosis has not been reported before. Preclinical studies have shown that variability in individual retinal parameters could be influenced by the estrus cycle [3]. In this context, it has been suggested that women who are vulnerable to the development of PSD may have lower levels of endogenous estrogen in comparison to healthy women [4]. The importance of the menstrual phase in the interpretation of retinal thickness measurements in women during reproductive age is an important issue and should be taken into further consideration. Heterogeneous associations between antipsychotic dosages and retinal parameters need additional exploration. Further investigations of sex differences in PSD trough OCT-based measurements are needed in order to confirm and further clarify retinal sex differences in psychosis.
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Choi, K. C., and E. B. Jeung. "232 DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF UTERINE CALCIUM-RELATED PROTEINS (NCKX3, NCX1, PMCA1, TRPV6, AND CABINDIN-D9k AND -D28k) DURING HUMAN MENSTRUAL CYCLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab232.

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The endometrium is hostile to embryo implantation except during the window of receptivity. A change in endometrial gene expression is required for the development of receptivity. The uterine calcium balance is crucial for physiological functioning, including smooth muscle contraction and embryo implantation. The location of cytoplasmic calcium-related proteins (CRP) include the calcium transporters 1 (CaT1), calbindin-D9k/-D28k (CaBP- 9k/28k), plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 1b (PMCA1b), sodium/calcium exchangers (NCX1), and potassium-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCKX3). The expressions of these CRP and their potential roles in the uterus of human during the menstrual cycle remain to be clarified. Thus, in this current study, the expression patterns of CRP were examined for their roles in the human uterus during the menstrual cycle. Human endometrial tissues were collected by curettage from women undergoing hysteroscopy for investigation of tubal patency or tubal ligation. Approval was given by the Human Ethics Committee at SCH Medical Center, Bucheon, and signed consent was obtained in every case. Human uterus (total n = 51) were divided into 3 groups: menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phase. Reverse-transcription PCR and Western blot analysis were applied to measure the level of CRP mRNA and protein, respectively. During the menstrual cycle of human, the expression levels of CaT1 mRNA and protein were increased 5-fold at proliferative phase (Days 6 to 13) compared with secretory phase in the endometrium of uterus. The expression of CaBP-28k mRNA and protein was less 2-fold during the proliferative phase (Days 6 to 13) than during the secretory phase (Days 16 to 28). However, the expressions of NCX1, NCKX3, and PMCA1b mRNA and protein were not altered during cycle, whereas the expression of CaBP-9k was not observed in the uterus of human. In addition, spatial expression of CRP was detected by immunohistochemistry Uterine CRP was abundantly localized in the cytoplasm of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells during menstrual cycle. Taken together, these results indicate that uterine CRP is abundantly expressed in the uterus, suggesting that uterine expression of CRP might be involved in reproductive function during the menstrual cycle in human.
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Satitpatanapan, Pitchaya, Somchit Jaruratanasirikul, and Hutcha Sriplung. "Menstrual cycle, reproductive function, body mass index, and metabolic profiles of women with former central precocious puberty: 10–20-year longitudinal cohort study in southern Thailand." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, no. 7 (July 28, 2020): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0019.

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AbstractBackgroundIn 2011, we described 64 girls diagnosed with central precocious puberty (CPP) during 1995–2009. In 2019, the former CPP patients were 16–30 years of age and had been followed-up for 6–20 years after cessation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) treatment.ObjectivesTo determine the menstrual cycle, reproductive function, and long-term sequelae of the former GnRHa-treated and untreated CPP patients.MethodsSixty-seven former CPP women diagnosed during January 1995 to December 2010 were evaluated in 2019 for current menstrual cycle and pregnancy rate and for general health status, weight, height, blood pressure, and metabolic profiles of glucose, lipids, insulin, and testosterone.ResultsIn 2019, the former CPP women averaged 20.7 ± 2.7 years of age (range: 16.5–30). Eighty-three percent had a regular menstrual cycle. Of the 14 married women, six (43%) were fertile with 1–2 children. The untreated women had a significantly higher rate of obesity (BMI >25 kg/m2) than the GnRHa-treated women (72.1% vs. 36.6%, p < 0.01). Two women (3%) had polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Fasting plasma glucose, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and testosterone levels were normal and similar between the GnRHa-treated and untreated participants. The serum insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were higher in the untreated group than the GnRHa-treated group, but without significant differences.ConclusionsAt a 10–20-year follow-up, our former CPP patients had regular menstruation, normal reproductive function, and normal metabolic outcomes. The low prevalence of PCOS of 3% suggests that CPP is not a risk factor for PCOS, at least during early adulthood.
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Plexico, Laura W., Mary J. Sandage, Heidi A. Kluess, Ana M. Franco-Watkins, and Leslie E. Neidert. "Blood Plasma Hormone–Level Influence on Vocal Function." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 1376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00224.

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Purpose This preliminary study examined the influence of menstrual cycle phase and hormone levels on acoustic measurements of vocal function in reproductive and postmenopausal females. Mean fundamental frequency (f0), speaking fundamental frequency (Sf0), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) were evaluated. It was hypothesized that Sf0 and CPP would be lower during the luteal and ischemic phases of the menstrual cycle. Group differences with lower values in postmenopausal females and greater variability in the reproductive females were also hypothesized. Method A mixed factorial analysis of variance was used to examine differences between reproductive and postmenopausal females and the four phases of the menstrual cycle. Separate analyses of variances were implemented for each of the dependent measures. Twenty-eight female participants (15 reproductive cycling, 13 postmenopausal) completed the study. Participants were recorded reading the Rainbow Passage and sustaining the vowel /a/. Mean vocal f0, Sf0, and CPP were determined from the acoustic samples. Blood assays were used to determine estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and neuropeptide Y levels at four data collection time points. Results Group differences in hormone levels and Sf0 values were established with the postmenopausal group having significantly lower hormone levels and significantly lower Sf0 than the reproductive cycling group across the phases. Analysis of the reproductive group by hormone levels and cycle phase revealed no significant differences for CPP or Sf0 across phases. Higher estrogen was identified in the ovulation phase, and higher progesterone was identified in the luteal phase. Conclusions Significant differences in hormone levels and Sf0 were identified between groups. Within the reproductive cycling group, the lack of significant difference in acoustic measures relative to hormone levels indicated that the measures taken may not have been sensitive enough to identify hormonally mediated vocal function changes. The participant selection may have biased the findings in that health conditions and medications that are known to influence voice function were used as exclusion criteria.
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Mumford, Sunni L., Sonya Dasharathy, Anna Z. Pollack, and Enrique F. Schisterman. "Variations in lipid levels according to menstrual cycle phase: clinical implications." Clinical Lipidology 6, no. 2 (April 2011): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/clp.11.9.

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Wunder, D. M., M. Yared, N. A. Bersinger, D. Widmer, R. Kretschmer, and M. H. Birkhäuser. "Serum leptin and C-reactive protein levels in the physiological spontaneous menstrual cycle in reproductive age women." European Journal of Endocrinology 155, no. 1 (July 2006): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02178.

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Objective: Only a few studies have investigated variations of different markers for inflammatory processes during the physiological menstrual cycle. The results are conflicting, particularly concerning the correlation between the marker leptin and steroid hormones. The aim of the study was to investigate the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and leptin in the serum of healthy, normally ovulating women and to correlate these with each other and with the hormones of the gonadal axis. A cycle-dependence of the markers studied would imply an exact timing of the blood sampling for clinical needs. Design: Observational study investigating the two inflammatory markers CRP and leptin in relation to the hormonal pattern of the gonadal axis during the normal cycle. Methods: Ovulatory cycles of 36 healthy, young, normo-androgenic women, having a normal body mass index were evaluated. Serum concentrations of leptin and CRP, as well as of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, 17β-oestradiol, progesterone, prolactin (PRL) and free testosterone were measured every 1–2 days during one full cycle. Results: Serum levels of leptin and CRP behaved differently during ovulatory cycles, with higher concentrations for leptin only during certain phases. Significant correlations were found in the follicular phase between leptin and PRL and leptin and free testosterone. Conclusions: Leptin levels change during the menstrual cycle. Leptin levels are more stable on cycle days 1–5 than later in the cycle. For precise cycle-independent measurements, these fluctuations have to be taken into account. There is no similar cyclic pattern for CRP.
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Phillips, Angela K., and Candy Wilson. "Menstrual Practices in Operational Military Women." Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa345.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Women’s sex-specific health care and hygiene needs are part of military readiness for female service members and important for their leaders to ensure unit readiness. Promoting readiness that includes women’s health needs contributes to the overall strength of the military. Because women comprise over 15% of today’s military force and growing in proportion, readiness for military women has obtained increased attention in research and health practice. Menstruation is a sex-specific experience that must be part of the consideration for individual military readiness. Little research has explored the in-garrison readiness of women, particularly for women in high operations tempo settings, when considering menstruation management. The specific aim of this study was to explore how active duty U.S. Air Force women manage their menstruation while living day-to-day in a military culture. Methods A qualitatively driven mixed-method design using ethnography was conducted. Data collection included multiple sources: observations, questionnaire data, interviews, and focus groups among a group of Air Force Security Forces women. Results Data from questionnaires (n = 16) and interviews or focus groups (n = 10) were analyzed. Themes included knowledge, cop culture, and support. Comprehensive findings demonstrated that women were knowledgeable about menstruation and menstrual suppression, but did not practice it. No women in the study were suppressing menstruation. Military culture had minimal impact on menstrual practices, whereas knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs gained from family and friends was more influential on how women in this study managed menstruation. Conclusions This study was the first to use a qualitatively driven mixed-method design to explore military women’s menstrual practices in an operational setting. This study can be used in collaboration with other evidence to promote health of military women through clinical education and support in command environments. Future research should consider other operational settings where women are expected to maintain a high level of readiness.
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