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Warner, Pamela, and John Bancroft. "Factors Related to Self-reporting of the Pre-menstrual Syndrome." British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 2 (August 1990): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.2.249.
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Menstrual health questionnaires were completed by a self-selected sample of the readership of a woman's magazine (n = 5457). Sixty-one per cent of subjects described themselves as suffering from pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) and this was largely corroborated by ratings of symptoms pre-menstrually, menstrually and post-menstrually for the most recent cycle. Mood symptoms were more strongly implicated than physical ones. Self-report of PMS was found to be modestly associated with aspects of parity and oral contraceptive use, but strongly and positively related to the duration of ‘natural’ menstrual cycles (i.e. uninterrupted by pregnancy or steroidal contraception) and to psychosocial stress. There were interactions among psychosocial factors and between psychosocial load and duration of natural cycles.
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Dya, Nurul Maulid, and Sri Adiningsih. "Hubungan Antara Status Gizi Dengan Siklus Menstruasi Pada Siswi MAN 1 Lamongan." Amerta Nutrition 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v3i4.2019.310-314.
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Background: Puberty is a period that occurs in adolescence. Puberty in young women is characterized by the occurrence of menarche. Adolescent is an age group that is prone to menstrual disorders, one of which is an abnormal menstrual cycle. Abnormal menstrual cycles can be predictors of reproductive health problems. One of the factors that causes an abnormal menstrual cycle is nutritional status.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and menstrual cycles in female students of Islamic Senior High School Lamongan.Method: This cross-sectional designed study was conducted on the 10th and 11th-grade students of Islamic Senior High School 1, Lamongan. The determination of the sample was done by simple random sampling to choose 83 students. Data related to the menstrual cycle was obtained by interview using a questionnaire. Nutrition status data was obtained by measuring height, weight. Nutritional status was classified by using the BMI/U z-score table values for girls aged 5-18 years from the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Data analyzed using the Spearman correlation test with α = 0.05.Results: The results showed that respondents with normal nutritional status (66.3%) mostly had normal menstrual cycles (62.7%). Respondents with obesity tend to experience abnormal menstrual cycles (71.4%). Based on the results of statistical tests, it was known that there was a relationship between nutritional status with the menstrual cycle (p = 0.036).Conclusions: There was a relationship between nutritional statuses with the female students’ menstrual cycle of Islamic Senior High School 1, Lamongan ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Salah satu fase dalam pekembangan manusia adalah masa remaja. Masa pubertas merupakan masa yang terjadi pada masa remaja. Pubertas pada remaja putri ditandai dengan terjadinya menarche. Remaja perempuan merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan mengalami gangguan menstruasi seperti siklus menstruasi yang tidak normal. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan siklus menstruasi yang tidak normal yaitu status gizi.Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status gizi dengan siklus menstruasi siswi MAN 1 Lamongan.Metode: Analitik observasional merupakan jenis dari penelitian ini dan cross sectional merupakan desain pada penelitian ini. Populasi pada penelitian ini merupakan siswi kelas X dan XI Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Lamongan (MAN 1 Lamongan). Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan simple random sampling dan didapatkan besar sampel adalah 83 siswi. Data terkait siklus menstruasi didapatkan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuisioner. Data status gizi didapatkan dengan melakukan pengukuran tinggi badan, berat badan. Status gizi diklasifikasikan dengan menggunakan nilai tabel z-score IMT/U untuk anak perempuan usia 5-18 tahun dari kemenkes RI. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi spearman dengan α = 0,05.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden dengan status gizi normal (66,3%) sebagian besar memiliki siklus menstruasi yang normal (62,7%). Responden dengan status gizi yang tidak normal cenderung mengalami siklus menstruasi yang tidak normal. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan siklus menstruasi dengan nilai p = 0,036.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan siklus menstruasi siswi MAN 1 Lamongan.
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Adiesti, Ferilia, and Fitria Edni Wari. "Hubungan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi." Jurnal Riset Kebidanan Indonesia 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32536/jrki.v4i1.71.
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Latar belakang: Kontrasepsi hormonal merupakan kontrasepsi yang mengandung hormon progestin saja maupun kombinasi dengan kandungan estrogen dan progestin. Metode kontrasepsi hormonal memiliki banyak efek samping, salah satunya gangguan siklus menstruasi, metrorhagia, menorhagia. Akseptor sering menghentikan kontrasepsi hormonal karena gangguan siklus menstruasi. Tujuan penelitian: Diketahuinya hubungan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah 80 ibu akseptor kontrasepsi hormonal, dimana pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Analisa bivariat dengan uji chi-square (α) ≤ 0,05 dan Prevalence Ratio (PR). Hasil: Sebagian besar responden kontrasepsi hormonal progestin 36 (85,7 %) dan lebih dari setengah responden kontrasepsi hormonal kombinasi 20 (52,6 %) mengalami ketidaknormalan siklus menstruasi. Hasil uji statistik chi square menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi (p=0,0030,05) dan PR 1,629 (CI=1,176-2,256) Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara penggunaan alat kontrasepsi hormonal dengan siklus menstruasi, akseptor kontrasepsi hormonal progestin beresiko 1,6 kali lebih besar mengalami ketidaknormalan siklus menstruasi dibanding akseptor kontrasepsi hormonal kombinasi.Background: Hormonal contraception is a contraceptive containing progestin-only hormones or a combination of estrogen and progestin content. Hormonal contraceptive methods have many side effects, one of which is menstrual cycle disorders, metrorhagia, menorhagia. Acceptors often stop hormonal contraception because of menstrual cycle disorders. Objectives: Knowed the relationship of hormonal contraception with the menstrual cycle. Method: This study is a quantitative descriptive study with cross sectional approach. The population used was 80 mothers of hormonal contraceptive acceptors, where total sampling was taken. Bivariate analysis with chi-square test (α) ≤ 0.05 and Prevalence Ratio (PR). Results: Most respondents of progestin hormonal contraception 36 (85.7%) and more than half of the respondents in combination hormonal contraception 20 (52.6%) experienced abnormal menstrual cycles. Chi square statistical test results show that there is a relationship between hormonal contraception with the menstrual cycle (p = 0.003 0.05) and PR 1.629 (CI = 1,176-2,256) Conclusion: There is a relationship between the use of hormonal contraception with the menstrual cycle, Progestin hormonal contraceptive acceptors are 1.6 times more likely to experience abnormal menstrual cycles than combined hormonal contraceptive acceptors.
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Peña, Alexia S., Dorota A. Doherty, Helen C. Atkinson, Martha Hickey, Robert J. Norman, and Roger Hart. "The majority of irregular menstrual cycles in adolescence are ovulatory: results of a prospective study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 3 (August 9, 2017): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-312968.
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PurposeWhile ovulation is most likely to occur in adolescent girls with regular menstrual cycles, there are limited data on the incidence of ovulation in girls with irregular menstrual cycles in early postmenarcheal years. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of ovulation in healthy postmenarcheal girls with irregular menstrual cycles.Methods, design and subjectsProspective cohort study over 12 weeks including 40 healthy postmenarcheal girls recruited from the population-based cohort of adolescents from Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study with irregular menstrual cycles defined by either menstrual cycles <21 days or >35 days in duration or cycle length that varied from month to month by >4 days according to menstrual diaries.Main outcome measureOvulation defined by urinary pregnanediol-3α–glucuronide/creatinine measurements higher than three times above minimum value obtained from 12 samples (1 per week).ResultsForty girls (37 Caucasians) with irregular menstrual cycles aged 15.1 (median (IQR) 14.9–15.4) years who were 2.3 (1.9–3.3) years postmenarche were assessed. Urinary pregnanediol-3α–glucuronide/creatinine values identified that 33 girls (82.5%) ovulated during the 3 months of observation and 7 girls had anovulatory cycles. Menstrual diaries collected for a median (IQR) of 159 (137.5–188.2) days showed median minimal and maximum menstrual cycle duration of 24 (11.5–29) and 38.5 (35–48) days, respectively.ConclusionsA large proportion of healthy adolescent girls with irregular menstrual cycles are still ovulating despite irregular and infrequent menses.
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Taufiq, Fildzah Hashifah, Herry Hasnawi, and Rachmat Hidayat. "Association of Stress Level with Menstrual Disturbance Among Female Students in Medical Faculty Sriwijaya University." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 3, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v3i1.82.
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Association Of Stress Level With Menstrual Cycle Disturbance Among Female Students In Medical Faculty Of Sriwijaya University. Menstruation occurs regularly every month will form a menstrual cycle. Normal menstrual cycles in women range from 21-35 days. However, the menstrual cycle is not always normal, many women experience menstrual disturbance. Menstrual cycle disturbance are caused by several factors, which is stress. This study aims to analyze the association of stress level with menstrual cycle disturbance among female students in Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University. This study is analytical cross-sectional study with primary data from menstrual cycle, stress ISMA, personality type DSM V questionnaires.. In this study, 503 samples are fulfilled inclusion criteria. Among 503 subjects, 59 (11.7%) female students experienced polymenorrhea, 391 (77.7%) female students had normal menstrual cycles, 53 (10.6%) female students experienced olygomenorrhea. Chi Square test showed that there was an association between stress level and menstrual cycle disturbance. There is a significant association between between stress level and menstrual cycle disturbance among female students in Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University.
Keywords: Stress level, Menstrual cycle disturbance.
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MacGregor, EA, H. Chia, RC Vohrah, and M. Wilkinson. "Migraine and Menstruation: A Pilot Study." Cephalalgia 10, no. 6 (December 1990): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1990.1006305.x.
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Objective: To define the term “menstrual” migraine and to determine the prevalence of “menstrual” migraine in women attending the City of London Migraine Clinic. Design: Women attending the clinic were asked to keep a record of their migraine attacks and menstrual periods for at least 3 complete menstrual cycles. Results: Fifty-five women completed the study. “Menstrual” migraine was defined as “migraine attacks which occur regularly on or between days -2 to +3 of the menstrual cycle and at no other time”. Using this criterion, 4 (7.2%) of the women in our population had “menstrual” migraine. All 4 women had migraine without aura. A further 19 (34.5%) had an increased number of attacks at the time of menstruation in addition to attacks at other times of the cycle. Eighteen (32.7%) had attacks occurring throughout the cycle but with no increase in number at the time of menstruation. Fourteen (25.5%) had no attacks within the defined period during the 3 cycles studied. Discussion: A small percentage of women have attacks only occurring at the time of menstruation, which can he defined as true “menstrual” migraine. This group is most likely to respond to hormonal treatment. The group of 34.5% who have an increased number of attacks at the time of menstruation in addition to attacks at other times of the month could be defined as having “menstrually related” migraine and might well respond to hormonal therapy. The 32.7% who have attacks throughout the menstrual cycle without an increase at menstruation are unlikely to respond to hormonal therapy. The 25.5% who do not have attacks related to menstruation almost certainly will not respond to hormonal therapy.
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Konishi, Shoko, Jun Yoshinaga, Yukiko Nishihama, Yu Onoda, Youichi Chisaki, and Hideki Imai. "Urinary 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Concentrations and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics in Female University Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 2616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122616.
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Higher concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers are found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis, conditions linked to irregular menstrual cycles and menstrual pain. The aim of the present study was to test whether women with higher oxidative stress are more likely to show irregular menstrual cycles and severe menstrual pain compared with women with lower oxidative stress. A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting female university students with a mean (SD) age of 20.5 (1.8) years (n = 188). Participants completed a questionnaire on reproductive characteristics and anthropometry and kept a menstrual cycle diary for 5 consecutive months. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), cotinine, and creatinine concentrations were measured once during the study period. The mean (SD) value of the urinary 8-OHdG concentration was 4.7 (2.0) μg/g of creatinine. A total of 1021 menstrual cycles were recorded. The participants were categorized as either having regular (68%) or irregular (18%) cycles or oligomenorrhea (13%) or polymenorrhea (1%). The urinary 8-OHdG concentration did not significantly differ across menstrual cycle regularity or pain categories. Even after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and urinary cotinine concentrations, having irregular cycles or more severe menstrual pain was not associated with urinary 8-OHdG concentration.
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Walker, Anne. "Mood and Well-Being in Consecutive Menstrual Cycles." Psychology of Women Quarterly 18, no. 2 (June 1994): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00455.x.
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The level of consistency of cyclical change in well-being between consecutive menstrual cycles has important methodological, clinical, and theoretical implications. In this study, 109 women completed daily diaries of mood and physical well-being for two consecutive menstrual cycles. Scores in equivalent cycle phases were highly correlated, but the degree and direction of change from the pre-post menstrual phase were less consistent between cycles. Physical experiences proved more consistent across cycles than did emotional ones. Only 5.4% (nonsteroidal contraceptive users) and 7.8% (oral contraceptive users) of Cycle 2 emotional score variance could be accounted for by Cycle 1 scores compared to 15% and 22%, respectively, for physical scores. The data indicate that premenstrual experiences vary between menstrual cycles, and suggest that they cannot be adequately explained on the basis of simple biological determinism. Methodological and theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
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David, G. F. X., V. Puri, A. K. Dubey, C. P. Puri, and T. C. Anand Kumar. "Reproductive endocrine effects of intranasal administration of progesterone to adult female rhesus monkeys." Acta Endocrinologica 110, no. 4 (December 1985): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1100461.
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Abstract. Adult female rhesus monkeys exhibiting normal ovulatory menstrual cycles were treated with progesterone nasal sprays. Animals in group A (n = 9) were treated with the solvent only (controls). Animals in groups B (n = 6), C (n = 17) and D (n = 7), respectively, were treated with a daily dose of 0.4, 2 and 10 μg of progesterone and the spraying was done between days 5–14 of the cycle. Ovulation was monitored by laparoscopy on day 20. The serum endocrine profile throughout the treated menstrual cycle was studied with respect to oestradiol and progesterone. Bioactive luteinizing hormone (bLH) was studied in blood samples taken on the day of the mid-cycle oestradiol peak, 2 days before, and 2 days after. The menstrual cycle was divided into two phases with respect to the mid-cycle oestradiol peak: phase I was taken to include day 1 of the cycle to the day of the oestradiol peak, and the remaining part of the menstrual cycle was considered to be phase II. The serum-endocrine profile in the controls was similar to that observed in normal ovulatory menstrual cycles. However, in the progesterone-treated groups three types of menstrual cycles were discernable on the basis of the serum endocrine profile. In the type I menstrual cycle, observed only in group C (n = 10), the mid-cycle bLH peak was abolished and the progesterone levels remained low throughout the cycle. Laparoscopy revealed these to be anovulatory cycles. In the type II menstrual cycle, seen in the 3 animals of group B, 2 animals of group C, and in all the 7 animals of group D, the mid-cycle bLH peak was abolished and the progesterone levels during phase II of the cycle were significantly lower than in the controls, indicative of poor luteal function. In the type III menstrual cycle seen in the remaining monkeys, the serum endocrine profile did not differ from that seen in the controls. Thus, the present studies indicate that the intranasal administration of progesterone shows a dose-response effect with respect to the suppression of the oestradiol induced mid-cycle surge of bLH. Suppression of the mid-cycle bLH peak resulted in anovulatory cycles or ovulatory cycles with poor luteal function.
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Maftuchah, Maftuchah. "HUBUNGAN STRES DENGAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI PADA MAHASISWA PRODI DIII KEBIDANAN STIKES KARYA HUSADA SEMARANG." Jurnal SMART Kebidanan 3, no. 1 (July 20, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34310/sjkb.v3i1.49.
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Latar Belakang: Sebagian besar perempuan di Indonesia pada tahun 2010 yang berusia 10-59 tahun melaporkan 68% mengalami haid teratur dan 13,7% mengalami masalah siklus haid yang tidak teratur dalam 1 tahun terakhir. Sedangkan di Jawa Tengah tahun 2010 diketahui perempuan yang berumur 10-59 tahun dengan siklus haid teratur sebanyak 70,4%, tidak teratur 13,1%, belum haid 6,8% dan tidak menjawab 9,7%. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan stress dengan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswa prodi DIII Kebidanan STIKES Karya Husada Semarang. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian correlation dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi yaitu mahasiswa DIII kebidanan STIKES Karya Husada Semarang semester V tahun 2015 sejumlah 69 mahasiswa dengan sampel 59 mahasiswa dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat. Hasil Penelitian: Stres yang dialami oleh mahasiswa prodi DIII Kebidanan sebagian besar adalah stess ringan sebanyak 40 responden (67,8%). Siklus menstruasi mahasiswa prodi DIII Kebidanan sebagian besar adalah normal sebanyak 46 responden (78,0%). Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan antara stres dengan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswa prodi DIII Kebidanan (Pvalue = 0,000). Kata kunci: Stress; siklus menstruasi THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STRESS AND MENSTRUAL CYCLE TO THE DIPLOMA III OF MIDWIFERY STUDENTS’ KARYA HUSADA HEALTH SCIENCE COLLEGE SEMARANG Abstrack Background: Most women in Indonesia in 2010 were aged 10-59 years reported a 68% had regular menstruation and 13.7% experienced problems irregular menstrual cycles in the past 1 year. Whereas in Central Java in 2010 known women aged 10-59 years with regular menstrual cycles as much as 70.4%, 13.1% irregular, yet menstruation 6.8% and 9.7% did not answer. Objective: To determine the correlations between stress and menstrual cycle to the diploma iii of midwifery students’ Karya Husada Health Science College Semarang. Method: This research was a correlation design with cross-sectional. The population was all students of DIII midwifery STIKES Karya Husada Semarang fifth semester of 2015, they were 69 students. The sample was 59 female students with sampling techniques using simple random sampling. The Date were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyzes. Results: The stress experienced by the students of DIII of midwifery mostly mild stres they were 40 respondents (67.8%). The menstrual cycle of students DIII of Midwifery are mostly normal they were 46 respondents (78.0%). There was an association between stress and the menstrual cycle to the students of DIII the Midwifery (Pvalue = 0.000). Keywords: Stress; menstrual cycle
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Facchinetti, F., I. Neri, E. Martignoni, L. Fioroni, G. Nappi, and AR Genazzani. "The Association of Menstrual Migraine with the Premenstrual Syndrome." Cephalalgia 13, no. 6 (December 1993): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1993.1306422.x.
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To investigate the comorbidity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and menstrual migraine, the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) was prospectively administered for two consecutive menstrual cycles to 22 patients with menstrual migraine, 12 cases with migraine without aura and 15 patients with PMS. MDQ scores varied throughout the menstrual cycle in each patient group, the wider changes being shown by patients with PMS. Fourteen menstrual migraine patients and 4 migraine without aura patients achieved diagnostic criteria for PMS over two menstrual cycles. In these patients MDQ scores did not differ from PMS sufferers at any stage of the menstrual cycle. The premenstrual increase of each cluster of PMS symptoms was identical in menstrual migraine and PMS subjects with the exception of negative affect. We suggest that PMS symptoms should be taken into account in the IHS diagnostic criteria for menstrual migraine.
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Sukaisi, Sukaisi. "GLUCOSE LEVELS AND MENSTRUAL CYCLE ASSOCIATED WITH ADOLESCENT OBESITY." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 15, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v15i3.814.
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One of the factors causing menstrual cycle disorders was obesity. The incidence of obesity in children has increased significantly in the last three decades. Obesity in women was associated with menstrual disorders and decreased fertility in adolescence and reproductive years. Irregular menstrual cycles indicated a metabolic disorder characterized by glucose levels exceeding normal. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between glucose levels and the menstrual cycle in obese adolescents. This study was an analytical study with a chi-square approach, conducted on 52 obese adolescents with a BMI> 30 in 12th grade of SMAN 6, aged 17-18 years, who were healthy and have no history of disease and drug consumption. Sampling of fasting glucose levels used a digital tool called Easy Touch, measuring the menstrual cycle using a questionnaire, regular menstruation when the interval is 22-35 days, irregular <22 and> 35 days. Statistical test with the Fisher Test. Obese adolescents obtained normal glucose levels of 88.5%, menstrual cycles were generally not normal (61.5%) and found a significant relationship between glucose levels and the menstrual cycle with a value of p <0.026. Obesity was associated with glucose levels and menstrual cycle irregularities. It was necessary to monitor glucose levels and menstrual cycles as early as possible regarding future adolescent reproduction.
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Fitriani, Rosmauli Jerimia, Ari Probandari, and Budiyanti Wiboworini. "Body mass index, sleep quality, stress conditions determine menstrual cycles among female adolescents." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v8i1.16419.
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Menstrual cycles are an important indicator of women's health. Menstrual cycles can be affected by body mass index (BMI), sleep quality, and stress. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between BMI, sleep quality, stress and the menstrual cycle. The subjects of this research were the female adolescents at the age of at least 15 years old that had experienced menstruation for at least 2 years. The dependent variable is the menstrual cycle while the independent variables are BMI, sleep quality, and stress conditions. Observational analytic research method with Cross sectional design was used in this research. The subjects were 148 female students. The BMI data were obtained through the anthropometric measurement. The sleep quality data were taken with PSQI questionnaire, and the stress condition data obtained from PSS-10 questionnaire which were then analysed using Chi-Square test and Logistic Regression. Results of study showed that there is a significant relationship between BMI, sleep quality, stress conditions and the adolescent menstrual cycle. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the female adolescents with abnormal BMI are at risk of having menstrual cycle disorders 1.91 times. The adolescents with poor sleep quality are at risk experiencing menstrual cycle disorders 2.05 times, and the adolescents with stress conditions at risk of the menstrual cycle disorders 2.26 times. There is a relationship between BMI, sleep quality, stress conditions and the menstrual cycle. Stress conditions most influence the regularity of the menstrual cycle.
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Ribeiro, Isadora Cristina, Leonardo Henrique Fernandes Carvalho, Anderson Souza Oliveira, Carlos Roberto Padovani, and João Paulo Borin. "Muscular strength and aerobic resistance: are there differences of physical performance during the stages of two menstrual cycles?" Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício 19, no. 5 (October 19, 2020): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/rbfex.v19i5.3893.
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The menstrual cycle has been pointed as a possible factor of interference in the physical training, but the relation between its different phases and the physical performance has been recent target of investigation. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the physical performance in the motor capacities of aerobic resistance and muscular strength during the menstrual cycle phases. During two complete menstrual cycles, 12 healthy, active and oral contraceptive women underwent a training protocol. During training were evaluated for physical performance in each phase of each cycle through the tests: Yo Yo Test 1 and one repetition maximum test (1RM) for exercises in the leg extension, bench press, leg curl and rower machine. The results point to a reduction of the resistance performance in the follicular phase for both menstrual cycles evaluated. The behavior of muscle strength was significantly higher in the second cycle for the bench press and leg curl exercises. We concluded that the performance on resistance capacity in active women, when evaluated in two menstrual cycles, is lower in the follicular phase, while the muscular strength performance was not influenced by the menstrual cycle phases.Keywords: physical fitness, exercise, women.
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Aghestya, Dhea, Nurmasari Widyastuti, Martha Ardiaria, and Fillah Fithra Dieny. "Irregular menstrual cycles as a risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women of childbearing age." Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jkki.vol12.iss1.art5.
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Background: Irregular menstrual cycles are a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in women. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate irregular menstrual cycles as a risk factor of type 2 DM in women of childbearing age with body fat percentage, waist-hip ratio, diet quality, and physical activity as confounding factors. Methods: This was a case-control study. Its subjects were subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=31) and subjects without any clinical evidence of abnormal glucose regulation (n=31) who attended Puskesmas (Community Health Centre) Rowosari, Tembalang, Semarang with over 30 years of age. Based on their menstrual cycles, they were divided into two groups: women with irregular menstrual cycles, and those with regular menstrual cycles. Cochran Mantel-Haenszel test was used to control their confounding factors. Results: There was an association between irregular menstrual cycles and type 2 DM (p<0.05) with a 7.2 greater risk on women of childbearing age (OR = 7.2, 95% CI=2.18-23.75). By the Cochran Mantel-Haenszel test, the association was still significant; women with over percentage of body fat and central obese with irregular menstrual cycle had 4,85 times and 4,37 times of sequentially greater risk on type 2 DM (OR = 4.85, 95% CI=0.98-23.95 vs OR = 4.37, 95% CI=0.93-20.51). Conclusion: The irregular menstrual cycles was a risk factor of type 2 DM, especially in obese women of childbearing age.
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Anjarsari, Nurul, and Etika Purnama Sari. "HUBUNGAN TINGKAT STRESS DENGAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI PADA REMAJA PUTRI." Psychiatry Nursing Journal (Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa) 2, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/pnj.v2i1.19135.
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Pendahuluan : Psikologis pada usia remaja dapat mempengaruhi emosi remaja yang dapat menyebabkan timbulnya stress. Stress pada remaja perempuan salah satunya dapat mengganggu siklus menstruasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat stress dengan siklus menstruasi pada remaja.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah 92 remaja putri kelas 2 SMA Wachid Hasyim 1 Surabaya yang diambil dengan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data tingkat stres dengan menggunakan Kuesioner DASS 42 dan kuesioner siklus menstruasi, serta uji korelasi Chi-Square.Hasil : Hasil uji korelasi Chi-Square didapatkan nilai p=.016. Hal ini berarti terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stress dengan siklus menstruasi.Kesimpulan : Terdapat berbagai macam factor yang berkaitan dengan ketidakteraturan siklus menstruasi pada remaja dimana salah satunya adalah stress. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lagi terkait dampak stresss terhadap masalah menstruasi yang lain seperti durasi, dismenore dan lainnya untuk memahami lebih jauh dampak stress terhadap masalah menstruasi pada remaja. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Psychological changes in adolescence can affect adolescent emotions that can cause stress. Stress in adolescent one of which can disrupt the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of stress levels with the menstrual cycle in adolescents.Method: his study uses a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was 92 adolescents of Wachid Hasyim 1 Surabaya High School who were taken by using Simple Random Sampling technique. Instrument for collecting stress levels using the DASS 42 Questionnaire and menstrual cycle questionnaire.Results: . This study tested using Chi-Square correlation test. Chi-Square correlation test results obtained p-value = .016. This means that there is a relationship between stress levels and the menstrual cycle.Conclusion: There are various factors related to irregular menstrual cycles in adolescents where one of them is stress. Further study needs to be conducted related to the impact of stress on other menstrual problems such as duration, dysmenorrhea and others to further understand the impact of stress on menstrual problems in adolescents.
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SANDERS, KATHERINE A., and NEVILLE W. BRUCE. "PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS AND THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE." Journal of Biosocial Science 31, no. 3 (July 1999): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932099003934.
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The relationship between mood states, urinary stress hormone output (adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol) and adequacy of the menstrual cycle was examined in 120 recorded non-conception cycles from 34 women. It was hypothesized that women with higher stress levels would be more likely to experience abnormal cycles and that within women higher stress levels would positively relate to follicular phase length and inversely relate to luteal phase length. There was a non-significant trend for women to report higher stress levels during oligomenorrhoeic and unclear cycles compared with normal cycles. Analysis of covariance indicated that there was no consistent relationship between the measures of stress used here and follicular or luteal phase length within women. There was also no consistent pattern of relationship between reported mood states and stress hormone excretion within women. Further research is warranted to understand the role of stress and subtle menstrual cycle abnormalities in female fertility.
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Panidis, Dimitrios, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Panagiotis Chatzis, Efstathios Papadakis, Dimitrios Delkos, Elena A. Tsourdi, Eleni A. Kandaraki, and Ilias Katsikis. "Association between menstrual cycle irregularities and endocrine and metabolic characteristics of the polycystic ovary syndrome." European Journal of Endocrinology 168, no. 2 (February 2013): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-12-0655.
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ObjectiveInsulin resistance (IR) is frequent in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and contributes to the increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease of this population. Several markers of IR are used but most are expensive or have limited sensitivity and specificity. Preliminary data suggest that the menstrual cycle pattern correlates with IR in PCOS but existing studies are small. We aimed to assess the relationship between the type of menstrual cycle irregularities and IR in PCOS.DesignProspective study.MethodsWe studied 1285 women with PCOS, divided according to the menstrual cycle pattern.ResultsPatients with isolated secondary amenorrhea and those with secondary amenorrhea alternating with regular menstrual cycles were more insulin resistant than patients with regular cycles (Group D). Patients with isolated oligomenorrhea were also more insulin resistant than Group D. However, patients with oligomenorrhea alternating with regular cycles, secondary amenorrhea, or polymenorrhea had comparable levels of markers of IR with Group D. Moreover, patients with oligomenorrhea alternating with regular cycles were less insulin resistant than patients with secondary amenorrhea alternating with regular cycles. Finally, patients with isolated polymenorrhea and those with polymenorrhea alternating with regular cycles had comparable levels of markers of IR with Group D.ConclusionsAmenorrhea is associated with more pronounced IR in PCOS, and oligomenorrhea portends a less excessive risk for IR than amenorrhea whereas polymenorrhea appears to be even more benign metabolically. Therefore, the type of menstrual cycle abnormality appears to represent a useful tool for identifying a more adverse metabolic profile in PCOS.
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Lin, May C., Daniel F. Kripke, Barbara L. Perry, and Sarah L. Berga. "Night light alters menstrual cycles." Psychiatry Research 33, no. 2 (August 1990): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(90)90067-f.
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Lee Barron, Mary. "Light Exposure, Melatonin Secretion, and Menstrual Cycle Parameters: An Integrative Review." Biological Research For Nursing 9, no. 1 (July 2007): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800407303337.
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Dysfunction in menstrual physiology has pronounced effects on quality of life, involving mood changes, body image, infertility, and pregnancy complications. Light exposure may affect menstrual cycles and symptoms through the influence of melatonin secretion. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the current state of knowledge about the effects of light and melatonin secretion on menstrual phase and cycle alterations. A brief overview of the influence of melatonin on human physiology is included. There is evidence of a relationship between light exposure and melatonin secretion and irregular menstrual cycles, menstrual cycle symptoms, and disordered ovarian function. In women with a psychopathology such as bipolar disorder or an endocrinopathy such as polycystic ovary syndrome, there seems to be greater vulnerability to the influence of light—dark exposure. Research on the complex role of light—dark exposure in menstrual physiology has implications for treatment of menstrual-associated disorders.
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Witari, Ni Nyoman Deni, and Pradnya Dwi Anggraeni. "HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASA TUBUH DENGAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI PADA SISWI KELAS XI." Jurnal Genta Kebidanan 8, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36049/jgk.v8i2.142.
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<p><strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><strong><em>The correlation of body mass index with the menstrual cycle</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><em> </em></p><pre><em> </em>Factors that can cause menstrual cycle disorders include hormonal disorders, nutritional status, high or low BMI, stress, age, metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus.</pre><p>This study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the menstrual cycle in class XI students at SMAN 8 Denpasar.</p><p>This study uses a correlation analytic design with crossectional approach. Using the Simple Random Sampling technique. The number of respondents was 53 respondents using the Spearman Rank's statistical test.</p><p>The results showed that of 14 respondents with a total body mass index index of 14 (100%) respondents had irregular menstrual cycles. Of the 20 respondents who have a normal body mass index category, almost all, namely 20 (87%) respondents have regular menstrual cycles. Of the 1 respondent with the body mass index category, the excess weight of the BB level was 1 (100%). The respondents had irregular menstrual cycles.</p><p>After testing the data analysis using the Spearman Rank's correlation test through computer assistance, it was obtained a value of 0.815 with a significance level of 0,000 where p value <0.05, so Ha was accepted where there was a significant relationship between body mass index and menstrual cycle in class XI at SMAN 8 Denpasar.</p><em></em><em></em><p><strong>Abstrak :<em> </em></strong><strong>Hubungan indeks masa tubuh dengan siklus menstruasi pada siswi kelas XI</strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p>Faktor yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan siklus menstruasi antara lain gangguan hormonal, status gizi, tinggi atau rendahnya IMT, stress, usia, penyakit metabolik seperti diabetes mellitus.</p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara indeks masa tubuh (IMT) dengan siklus menstruasi pada siswi kelas XI di SMAN 8 Denpasar.</p><p>Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan <em>crossectional</em>. Menggunakan teknik sampling Simple Random Sampling. Jumlah responden sebanyak 53 responden dengan mengunakan uji statistik <em>Spearman Rank’s</em>.</p><p>Hasil penelitian menunjukan dari 14 responden dengan kategori indeks masa tubuh kurus seluruhnya 14 (100%) responden memiliki siklus menstruasi tidak teratur. Dari 20 reponden yang memiliki kategori indeks masa tubuh normal hampir seluruhnya yaitu 20 (87%) responden memiliki siklus menstruasi teratur. Dari 1 responden dengan kategori indeks masa tubuh kelebihan BB tingkat ringan seluruhnya yaitu 1 (100%) responden memiliki siklus menstruasi tidak teratur.</p><p>Setelah dilakukan uji analisis data dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank’s melalui bantuan komputer di dapatkan nilai 0,815 dengan tingkat hubunngan signifikansi 0,000 dimana p value <0,05, sehingga Ha diterima dimana terdapat hubugan yang signifikan antara indeks masa tubuh dengan siklus menstruasi pada siswi kelas XI di SMAN 8 Denpasar.</p>
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Duan, Peipei, Wenwen Qu, Shujuan Zou, Yangxi Chen, Hui Lan, Mauro Farella, and Li Mei. "Influence of fixed orthodontic treatment on the menstrual cycle of adult females: A prospective longitudinal study." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 3 (August 19, 2015): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/121814-922.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the influence of fixed orthodontic treatment on the menstrual cycle, including menstrual cycle length (MCL) and duration of menstrual bleeding (DMB), in adult female patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study conducted in Chengdu, China. A total of 164 adult women with normal menstrual cycles were recruited in the study, with 79 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and 85 serving as controls. Data of MCL, DMB, and accompanying symptoms were collected over six consecutive menstrual cycles in each participant. Student’s t test, Chi-square test, Moses extreme reaction test, and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: The MCL of the first menstrual cycle (T1) was significantly elongated by 2.1 ± 0.5 days compared with baseline (P = .003, 95% CI [−3.7, −0.5]). Variability of MCL of the orthodontic group at T1 was also significantly greater (range, 15–46 days) than that of the control group (range, 24–36 days) (P < .05). No significant difference in MCL was found in the subsequent five menstrual cycles (T2–T6) compared with baseline, and no significant differences in DMB or other accompanying symptoms were observed throughout the study. Conclusion: Fixed orthodontic treatment may influence the MCL of adult females in the first month after bonding, but showed no effect on DMB or subsequent MCL through the follow-ups.
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Ahn, Ryun S., Jee H. Choi, Bum C. Choi, Jung H. Kim, Sung H. Lee, and Simon S. Sung. "Cortisol, estradiol-17β, and progesterone secretion within the first hour after awakening in women with regular menstrual cycles." Journal of Endocrinology 211, no. 3 (September 29, 2011): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-11-0247.
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Cortisol concentration in both serum and saliva sharply increases and reaches a peak within the first hour after waking in the morning. This phenomenon is known as the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and is used as an index of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function. We examined whether ovarian steroid concentrations increased after awakening as with the CAR in the HPA axis. To do this, cortisol, estradiol-17β (E2), and progesterone (P4) concentrations were determined in saliva samples collected immediately upon awakening and 30 and 60 min after awakening in women with regular menstrual cycles and postmenopausal women. We found that both E2and P4concentrations increased during the post-awakening period in women with regular menstrual cycles, but these phenomena were not seen in any postmenopausal women. The area under the E2and P4curve from the time interval immediately after awakening to 60 min after awakening (i.e. E2auc and P4auc) in women with regular menstrual cycles were greater than those in the postmenopausal women. E2and P4secretory activity during the post-awakening period was influenced by the phase of the menstrual cycle. E2auc in the peri-ovulatory phase and P4auc in the early to mid-luteal phase were greater than in the menstrual phase. Meanwhile, cortisol secretory activity during the post-awakening period was not influenced by menstrual status or the phase of menstrual cycle. These findings indicate that, as with the CAR in the HPA axis function, ovarian steroidogenic activity increased after awakening and is closely associated with menstrual status and phase of menstrual cycle.
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Muhammad Muzakir Fahmi, Syamsul Bahri Riva’i, and Nurlisis. "Gangguan Pola Siklus Haid pada Pesenam di Kota Pekanbaru." Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan 10, no. 2 (May 17, 2020): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jp.v10i2.1892.
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The average menstrual cycle obtained in the average menstrual cycle survey results was 29.51 days. Some experienced menstrual cycles of more than 35 days (oligomenore) of 10.29% and menstrual cycles of less than 21 days (polimenore) of 1.5%. There are 26.47% with a duration of menstruation more than 8 days. Furthermore, in the turn of the pads with a mean of 2.99 times per day, replace the pads. But there are some excessive dressing changes (> 3 times), while guessing that you experience excessive menstruation with a percentage of 23.5%. There were 63% of women having menstrual disorders with the highest type of disorder 91.7% of other disorders related to menstruation, followed by menstrual disorders 25%, and menstrual cycle disorders 5%. With the average duration of menstruation obtained at 7.16 days which still includes the normal range of 2 to 8 days. Then research was conducted to find out the dominant factors associated with menstrual cycle pattern disorders. With the aim of analyzing the factors associated with menstrual cycle pattern disturbances in gymnasts in the city of Pekanbaru in 2018. This type of cross-sectional analytic study used a sample of 210 gymnasts in the city of Pekanbaru with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical test uses Bivariate (chi square) and Simple Linear Multivaritic Regression. Variables that are significantly associated with p-value 0.20 is 2.7 times the disease history variable at risk of menstrual cycle pattern disorders.
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Putriyanti, C. Ermayani, and Eka Ratnawati. "Normal Puberty Knowledge and Adolescent Menstrual Cycles." JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31965/infokes.vol17.iss2.296.
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The degree of understanding of puberty is still very varied. It has an impact on the cleanliness of erroneous menstruation, which will have long-term effects on reproductive health. The study aims to identify adolescent knowledge about normal puberty and menstrual cycles. This research was a quantitative study of observational approach by using the knowledge survey of normal puberty and the menstrual cycle involving 55 students of State Junior High School (SMPN) 1 Parakan, Temanggung, Central Java. The technicality used descriptive statistics. The results of this study revealed that knowledge of the degree of normal paper and the menstrual cycle was still low (21.33%). The main sources of information about puberty and menstruation are thousands (85.5%). Teenagers do not know about the interval between the onset of puberty and menarche (87%), few adolescents understand the first sign of puberty (33%). Most teenagers have understood the normal menstrual cycle correctly (78%). There was no significant relationship between knowledge of the first sign of puberty with respondents' understanding of belief. Meanwhile, there was a significant relationship between menstrual status and knowledge about the menstrual cycle and the number of replacement pads. The results showed that students have a poor understanding of puberty, hence, health education must be given to students and their parents.
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Harmon, Q. E., K. Kissell, A. M. Z. Jukic, K. Kim, L. Sjaarda, N. J. Perkins, D. M. Umbach, E. F. Schisterman, D. D. Baird, and S. L. Mumford. "Vitamin D and Reproductive Hormones Across the Menstrual Cycle." Human Reproduction 35, no. 2 (February 2020): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez283.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION How do the calciotropic hormones (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH)) vary across the menstrual cycle and do cyclic patterns of reproductive hormones (estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH) differ by vitamin D status? SUMMARY ANSWER Calciotropic hormones vary minimally across the menstrual cycle; however, women with 25-hydroxyvitamin D below 30 ng/ml have lower mean estradiol across the menstrual cycle. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Prior human studies suggest that vitamin D status is associated with fecundability, but the mechanism is unknown. Exogenous estrogens and prolonged changes in endogenous estradiol (pregnancy or menopause) influence concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In vitro, treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D increases steroidogenesis in ovarian granulosa cells. There are little data about changes in calciotropic hormones across the menstrual cycle or cyclic patterns of reproductive hormones by categories of vitamin D status. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective cohort study of 89 self-identified white women aged 18–44, across two menstrual cycles. Participants were a subset of the BioCycle Study, a community-based study conducted at the University of Buffalo, 2005–2007. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Eligible participants had self-reported regular menstrual cycles between 21 and 35 days and were not using hormonal contraception or vitamins. Early morning fasting blood samples were drawn at up to eight study visits per cycle. Visits were timed to capture information in all cycle phases. Serum samples for 89 women (N = 163 menstrual cycles) were analyzed for estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Variability in calciotropic hormones within and across menstrual cycles was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and non-linear mixed models. Given the relative stability of the calciotropic hormones across the menstrual cycle, non-linear mixed models were used to examine differences in the cyclic patterns of estradiol, progesterone, LH and FSH by categories of each calciotropic hormone (split at the median). These models were conducted for all ovulatory cycles (N = 142 ovulatory menstrual cycles) and were adjusted for age, BMI (measured in clinic) and self-reported physical activity. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Median 25(OH)D concentration was 29.5 ng/ml (SD 8.4), and only 6% of women had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml). The mean concentration of 25(OH)D did not differ between the luteal and follicular phase; however, both 1,25(OH)2D and iPTH showed small fluctuations across the menstrual cycle with the highest 1,25(OH)2D (and lowest iPTH) in the luteal phase. Compared with women who had mean 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/ml, women with lower 25(OH)D had 13.8% lower mean estradiol (95% confidence interval: −22.0, −4.7) and 10.8% lower free estradiol (95% CI: −0.07, −0.004). Additionally, compared to women with iPTH ≤36 pg/ml, women with higher concentrations of iPTH had 12.7% lower mean estradiol (95% CI: −18.7, −6.3) and 7.3% lower progesterone (95% CI: −13.3, −0.9). No differences in the cyclic pattern of any of the reproductive hormones were observed comparing cycles with higher and lower 1,25(OH)2D. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Women included in this study had self-reported ‘regular’ menstrual cycles and very few were found to have 25(OH)D deficiency. This limits our ability to examine cycle characteristics, anovulation and the effects of concentrations of the calciotropic hormones found in deficient individuals. Additionally, the results may not be generalizable to women with irregular cycles, other races, or populations with a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings support current clinical practice that does not time testing for vitamin D deficiency to the menstrual cycle phase. We find that women with lower vitamin D status (lower 25(OH)D or higher iPTH) have lower mean concentrations of estradiol across the menstrual cycle. Although this study cannot identify a mechanism of action, further in vitro work or clinical trials may help elucidate the biologic mechanisms linking calciotropic and reproductive hormones. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Intramural Research Programs of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (contract numbers: HHSN275200403394C, HHSN275201100002I and Task 1 HHSN27500001) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. There are no competing interests.
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Grieger, Jessica A., and Robert J. Norman. "Menstrual Cycle Length and Patterns in a Global Cohort of Women Using a Mobile Phone App: Retrospective Cohort Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): e17109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17109.
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Background There is increasing information characterizing menstrual cycle length in women, but less information is available on the potential differences across lifestyle variables. Objective This study aimed to describe differences in menstrual cycle length, variability, and menstrual phase across women of different ages and BMI among a global cohort of Flo app users. We have also reported on demographic and lifestyle characteristics across median cycle lengths. Methods The analysis was run based on the aggregated anonymized dataset from a menstrual cycle tracker and ovulation calendar that covers all phases of the reproductive cycle. Self-reported information is documented, including demographics, menstrual flow and cycle length, ovulation information, and reproductive health and diseases. Data from women aged ≥18 years and who had logged at least three cycles (ie, 2 completed cycles and 1 current cycle) in the Flo app were included (1,579,819 women). Results Of the 1.5 million users, approximately half (638,683/1,579,819, 40.42%) were aged between 18 and 24 years. Just over half of those reporting BMIs were in the normal range (18.5-24.9 kg/m2; 202,420/356,598, 56.76%) and one-third were overweight or obese (>25 kg/m2; 120,983/356,598, 33.93%). A total of 16.32% (257,889/1,579,819) of women had a 28-day median cycle length. There was a higher percentage of women aged ≥40 years who had a 27-day median cycle length than those aged between 18 and 24 years (22,294/120,612, 18.48% vs 60,870/637,601, 9.55%), but a lower percentage with a 29-day median cycle length (10,572/120,612, 8.77% vs 79,626/637,601, 12.49%). There were a higher number of cycles with short luteal phases in younger women, whereas women aged ≥40 years had a higher number of cycles with longer luteal phases. Median menstrual cycle length and the length of the follicular and luteal phases were not remarkably different with increasing BMI, except for the heaviest women at a BMI of ≥50 kg/m2. Conclusions On a global scale, we have provided extensive evidence on the characteristics of women and their menstrual cycle length and patterns across different age and BMI groups. This information is necessary to support updates of current clinical guidelines around menstrual cycle length and patterns for clinical use in fertility programs.
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Stein, Daniel, Aharon Hanukoglu, Slulamit Blank, and Avner Elizur. "Cyclic Psychosis Associated with the Menstrual Cycle." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 6 (December 1993): 824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.6.824.
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Psychotic symptoms are not included under accepted definitions of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). We present a 14-year-old girl with PMS, who developed a late luteal cyclic psychosis during two consecutive premenstrual periods, which resolved completely after the onset of menses. She was treated with dehydroxyprogesterone for two cycles, and later with placebo for the next three consecutive cycles. Psychotic symptoms did not reappear following two psychotic cycles, and the PMS resolved within the next menstrual cycle. We suggest that cyclic psychoses associated with the menstrual cycle may be a specific benign entity, not included under the recognised functional psychoses. In some cases these psychoses could be classified as a subgroup of PMS.
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Meers, J. M., J. L. Bower, and C. A. Alfano. "1090 Self-Reported Sleep Quality is a Robust Predictor of Depression in Women With Irregular Menstrual Cycles." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1085.
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Abstract Introduction Menstrual cycle regularity is an important marker of women’s health. Abnormalities are associated with serious health complaints, e.g., infertility, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Cycle irregularity is also linked to depression, anxiety and poor quality sleep. In fact, poor sleep and circadian misalignment may precede menstrual irregularity for some. This study describes sleep and affective characteristics of women with menstrual cycle irregularity compared to regularly cycling women and examined the individual contributions of sleep and menstrual regularity to affective symptoms. Methods N=314 (Mage=20.95, SD=2.35) women provided reports of menstrual health characteristics (frequency, duration, related symptoms), sleep over the past month (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI) and on the previous night, as well as mood (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) symptoms. Results Among the 20.4% (n=64) of women who endorsed “always irregular” periods, mean cycle length (m=31.33 days, sd=8.5) was significantly greater than among women more regular periods (m= 27.93, sd=3.83, t(55.37)=-2.78, p=.007). This subgroup also reported higher PSQI scores (t(181)=-2.56, p=.011), longer SOL (t(282)=-3.00, p=.003), poorer sleep quality overall (t(299)=-2.35, p=.02), and poorer sleep quality on the previous night (t(300)=2.70, p=.007). Irregular cyclers reported significantly more depressive (t(284)=-2.18, p=.03) but not anxiety symptoms. When sleep and menstrual irregularity were entered into a hierarchical linear regression to examine their relative influence on depressive symptoms (F[2,174]=13.15, p<.001, R2=.13), sleep remained the only significant predictor (b= 1.13, p <.001) and menstrual cycle effects were no longer significant. Conclusion In line with previous studies, cycle irregularity was associated with poorer sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Sleep quality was found to be a more robust predictor of depression than menstrual cycle irregularity, suggesting that sleep may underlie the affective disturbances in women with more irregular menstrual cycles. Support n/a
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Harris, Benjamin S., Anne Z. Steiner, and Anne Marie Jukic. "Ovarian Reserve Biomarkers and Menstrual Cycle Length in a Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 9 (March 27, 2021): e3748-e3759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab204.
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Abstract Context While age-related changes in menstrual cycle length are well known, it is unclear whether anti-Müllerian (AMH) or other ovarian reserve biomarkers have a direct association with cycle length. Objective To determine the association between biomarkers of ovarian reserve and menstrual cycle length. Methods Secondary analysis using data from time to conceive (TTC), a prospective time to pregnancy cohort study. The age-independent association between cycle length and biomarkers of ovarian reserve was analyzed using linear mixed and marginal models. Study participants were TTC-enrolled women aged 30-44 years with no history of infertility who were attempting to conceive for <3 months were enrolled. Serum AMH, follicle-stimulating hormone, and inhibin B levels were measured on cycle day 2, 3, or 4. Participants recorded daily menstrual cycle data for ≤4 months. The primary outcome was menstrual cycle length; follicular and luteal phase lengths were secondary outcomes. Results Multivariable analysis included 1880 cycles from 632 women. Compared with AMH levels of 1.6 to 3.4 ng/mL, women with AMH <1.6 ng/mL had cycles and follicular phases that were 0.98 (95% CI –1.46, –0.50) and 1.58 days shorter (95% CI –2.53, –0.63), respectively, while women with AMH >8 ng/mL had cycles that were 2.15 days longer (95% CI 1.46, 2.83), follicular phases that were 2 days longer (95% CI 0.77, 3.24), and luteal phases that were 1.80 days longer (95% CI 0.71, 2.88). Conclusion Increasing AMH levels are associated with longer menstrual cycles due to both a lengthening of the follicular and the luteal phase independent of age.
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Gassen, Jeffrey, Hannah K. Bradshaw, and Sarah E. Hill. "Mating Effort Predicts Human Menstrual Cycle Frequency." Evolutionary Psychology 16, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 147470491881212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704918812124.
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The human menstrual cycle is characterized by substantial variability both within and between women. Here, we sought to account for such variability by examining whether human menstrual cycle frequency varies as a function of the projected fitness payoffs associated with investment in mating effort. We used structural equation modeling to test the prediction that women whose environmental conditions or life histories favor heavier investment in mating effort would have shorter, more regular cycles. Results supported our hypothesis, revealing that women who project more mating success and have faster life history strategies exhibit greater mating effort and shorter, more regular menstrual cycles. An alternative model that specified cycle frequency as a predictor of mating effort was a poor fit for the data, lending support for the hypothesized directionality of the path between these variables. Together, these results provide some of the first empirical evidence that the length and regularity of the human menstrual cycle may be calibrated to investment in mating effort.
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Santoro, N., S. L. Crawford, J. E. Allsworth, E. B. Gold, G. A. Greendale, S. Korenman, B. L. Lasley, et al. "Assessing menstrual cycles with urinary hormone assays." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 284, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): E521—E530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00381.2002.
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The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is a multiethnic cohort study of middle-aged women enrolled at seven US sites. A subset of 848 women completed a substudy in which their urinary gonadotropins and sex steroid metabolites were assessed during one complete menstrual cycle or up to 50 consecutive days. Urine was analyzed for LH, FSH, estrone conjugates (E1c), and pregnanediol glucuronide (Pdg). To prepare for serial analysis of this large, longitudinal database in a population of reproductively aging women, we examined the performance of algorithms designed to identify features of the normal menstrual cycle in midreproductive life. Algorithms were based on existing methods and were compared with a “gold standard” of ratings of trained observers on a subset of 396 cycles from the first collection of Daily Hormone Substudy samples. In evaluating luteal status, overall agreement between and within raters was high. Only 17 of the 396 cycles evaluated were considered indeterminate. Of the 328 cycles rated as containing evidence of luteal activity (ELA), 320 were considered ELA by use of a Pdg threshold detection algorithm. Of 51 cycles that were rated as no evidence of luteal activity, only 2 were identified by this algorithm as ELA. Evaluation of the day of the luteal transition with methods that detected a change in the ratio of E1c to Pdg provided 85–92% agreement for day of the luteal transition within 3 days of the raters. Adding further conditions to the algorithm increased agreement only slightly, by 1–8%. We conclude that reliable, robust, and relatively simple objective methods of evaluation of the probability and timing of ovulation can be used with urinary hormonal assays in early perimenopausal women.
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Munjidah, Annif. "The Correlation of Body Fat Thickness and Menstrual Cycle Length." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v3i1.art.p008-012.
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Factors affecting the menstrual cycle in women are: age, psychological, physical (heredity,nutritional status, and environment) and drugs. So far, the study on the menstrual cycle is only seen fromthe factors of nutritional status through the upper arm circumference and BMI (Body Mass Index). Thissituation encouraged researchers to conduct a study on the menstrual cycle length from nutritionalfactors as seen from body fat thickness.This study aims to analyze the correlation of body fat thicknessand menstrual cycle length on the students. The study used an observational analytic with cross sectionalapproach. The population was all of the students in the first level of DIII Midwifery Department ofNursing and Midwifery Faculty of UNUSA who had regular menstrual cycles and do not take antidepressantdrugs/contraceptive device. The sample was mostly students using simple random sampling.The total of the sample was 72 people. The test analysis was done by a moment product (alpha 0.05). Theresult of the study showed that p value is 0,039 < 0,05. There was a correlation between the body fatthickness and menstrual cycle length of the first level students of DIII Midwifery Department of Nursingand Midwifery Faculty of UNUSA. The conclusion of this study was the thicker of the student’s body fatthe longer their menstrual cycles. For the health workers, they can provide counseling on femaleadolescents about reproductive health especially menstruation and the risk of fat in the body.
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Karthikkeyan, Kanmani, Nirmala N., Thirumalai Kolundhu Subramanian P., Charumathi V., and Dharani B. "Prevalence of menstrual morbidity in adolescents girls: a cross sectional study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20200554.
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Background: Menstruation is said to be a physiological process in women. The word ‘menstruation’ was derived from a Latin word ‘menses’. Menstrual dysfunction was found to affect 75% of adolescent girls which includes dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia and irregular cycles. Premenstrual syndrome constitutes a group of physical and emotional symptoms which occurs one week before menstrual cycle. It was found to be a cycle disorder which appears in the luteal phase. Adolescent girls are at high risk of developing premenstrual syndrome. Because of menstrual dysfunction and premenstrual syndrome, the adolescent girls are at high risk of menstrual morbidity.Methods: After getting approval from institutional ethical committee of Madras Medical College, the study was carried out in adolescent girls. The study was carried out by giving questionnaire in nearly 505 students for the duration of 6 months. The study participants were explained about the study. The questionnaire was structured so as to obtain information regarding the age at menarche, duration of cycle, awareness about menstruation, source of information regarding menstruation, practices during menstrual cycles, regarding menstrual problems and treatment practices.Results: The average age of participants was 17 years with an SD of 1.5. of 505 participants, about 6% had 45 days frequency, 10% had 38 days frequency and 2% had 60 days frequency of menstrual cycle. It was found around 1% had 8 days duration and 3% had 9 days duration of menstrual cycle. About 13% of Participants had mild flow, 7% had severe flow and 20% had variable quantity of menstrual flow.Conclusions: From this study, it was found that menstrual dysfunction were prevalent among adolescent girls. These were found to cause menstrual morbidity among adolescent girls. Hence it is necessary to educate and create awareness about menstrual morbidity among adolescent girls.
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Danilenko, Konstantin V., Oksana Y. Sergeeva, and Evgeniy G. Verevkin. "Menstrual cycles are influenced by sunshine." Gynecological Endocrinology 27, no. 9 (October 12, 2010): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2010.521266.
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Hunt, Summer, and Jennifer P. Hellwig. "Irregular Menstrual Cycles and Ovarian Cancer." Nursing for Women's Health 20, no. 4 (August 2016): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1751-4851(16)30195-7.
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DeMaria, Elizabeth P., and William L. Mikulas. "Women's Awareness of Their Menstrual Cycles." Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality 4, no. 3 (January 29, 1992): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j056v04n03_05.
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Raloff, J. "Menstrual Cycles May Affect Cancer Risk." Science News 147, no. 1 (January 7, 1995): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3979075.
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Bazán, Ana Carolina Belini, Maria Augusta Montenegro, Fernando Cendes, Li Li Min, and Carlos A. M. Guerreiro. "Menstrual cycle worsening of epileptic seizures in women with symptomatic focal epilepsy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, no. 3b (September 2005): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000500006.
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INTRODUCTION: Hormonal fluctuation is responsible for worsening of epileptic seizures during the menstrual cycle. OBJETIVE: To identify irregularities in the menstrual cycles of women with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and extratemporal focal epilepsy (ETFE) and correlate the frequency of seizures during the menstrual cycles. METHOD: We evaluated prospectively women in the menacme with MTLE and ETFE. Calendars were provided for these patients, and they were asked to mark their seizure frequency according to the menses. Calendars were reviewed in each routine medical appointment. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients with MTLE and 14 with ETFE were evaluated. We registered 211 cycles in the patients with MTLE and 49 in those with ETFE. Irregular menstrual cycles were found in 28 (28/39, 71.7%) patients with MTLE and 6 (6/14, 42.8%) with ETFE (p=0.052). Premenstrual seizure worsening was observed in 46 (21.8%) patients with MTLE and 9 (18.3%) with ETFE (p=0.596). Menstrual worsening was observed in 47 (22.2%) patients with MTLE and 15 (30.6%) with ETFE (p=0. 217). Ovulatory worsening was observed in 36 (17%) patients with MTLE and 13 (26.5%) with ETFE (p=0,126). Catamenial worsening was observed in 58 (27.4%) of the patients with MTLE and in 17 (34.7%) of the patients with ETFE (p=0.315). CONCLUSION: There was no difference between the group of patients with MTLE and ETFE regarding the frequency of irregular cycles and seizure worsening during the premenstrual, menstrual, catamenial or ovulatory periods.
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Mumford, Sunni L., Anne Z. Steiner, Anna Z. Pollack, Neil J. Perkins, Amanda C. Filiberto, Paul S. Albert, Donald R. Mattison, Jean Wactawski-Wende, and Enrique F. Schisterman. "The Utility of Menstrual Cycle Length as an Indicator of Cumulative Hormonal Exposure." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 97, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): E1871—E1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1350.
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Abstract Context: Associations between menstrual cycle length and chronic diseases are hypothesized to be due to differences in underlying hormonal patterns. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between menstrual cycle length and the hormonal profile and anovulation. Design and Setting: We conducted a prospective cohort study at the University at Buffalo from 2005 to 2007. Participants: We recruited 259 healthy, regularly menstruating women aged 18–44 yr. Main Outcome Measures: Cycle length was observed for up to two cycles. Serum estradiol, progesterone, LH, and FSH were measured up to eight times per cycle for up to two cycles. Results: Women with short cycles (<26 d) had higher FSH concentrations during menses and in the late luteal phase, higher follicular estradiol concentrations, and lower LH concentrations across the cycle. Among women with longer cycles (>35 d), estradiol and LH peaks occurred on average about 3 d later, and FSH peaks about 1 d later compared to women with normal-length cycles. Both short and long cycles, compared with normal-length cycles, had an increased probability of anovulation. In general, per-cycle exposure to hormones was less in short cycles based on the area under the curve, although over time the cumulative exposure to estradiol would be greater for women with short cycles. Conclusions: Short ovulatory cycles were associated with higher follicular phase estradiol, an earlier rise in FSH, and an increased risk of anovulation. These results suggest that menstrual cycle length may be a relevant indicator of estradiol exposure and risk of anovulation among regularly cycling women.
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Hellström, Birgitta, and Ulla Maria Anderberg. "Pain Perception across the Menstrual Cycle Phases in Women with Chronic Pain." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 1 (February 2003): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.1.201.
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The menstrual cycle has been reported to alter pain perception but the patterns differ among studies. It has been reported that estrogens may influence somatic sensory processes. The present aim was to investigate whether the perception of pain varies by phases of the menstrual cycle. 20 women with chronic low pain volunteered to participate and were asked to rate their pain each day during three successive menstrual cycles. The menstrual cycle was divided into four and five phases to be able to compare results. Analysis showed there were phase differences in pain ratings during the menstrual cycle. Regardless of whether the menstrual cycle was divided into four or five phases, women rated pain significantly higher in the menstrual and premenstrual phases than in the midmenstrual and ovulatory phases. This is consistent with other studies showing less pain sensitivity during phases of the menstrual cycle associated with high estrogen. Women with high pain frequency reported more frequency a passive coping style and catastrophizing thoughts.
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O’Brien, Myles W., Jarrett A. Johns, Amera Al-Hinnawi, and Derek S. Kimmerly. "Popliteal flow-mediated dilatory responses to an acute bout of prolonged sitting between earlier and later phases of natural menstrual and oral contraceptive pill cycles." Journal of Applied Physiology 129, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00424.2020.
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We compared changes in popliteal artery endothelial function to a 3-h bout of sitting in females across their natural menstrual or oral contraceptive pill cycles. Pre-sitting endothelial-dependent vasodilation was greater in females who naturally menstruate during the later versus earlier phase but unchanged among contraceptive pill phases. Neither menstrual nor oral contraceptive pill phases attenuated the robust decline in conduit artery health following an acute period of uninterrupted sitting in young females.
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van Hooff, M. H. A., F. J. Voorhorst, M. B. H. Kaptein, R. A. Hirasing, C. Koppenaal, and J. Schoemaker. "Insulin, Androgen, and Gonadotropin Concentrations, Body Mass Index, and Waist to Hip Ratio in the First Years after Menarche in Girls with Regular Menstrual Cycles, Irregular Menstrual Cycles, or Oligomenorrhea1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 85, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.4.6543.
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Data on changes in hormone concentrations during the first years after menarche are scarce. We studied the relation between gynecological age (age minus age at menarche), hormone concentrations, and body measurements from the 1st to the 6th yr after menarche in 229 observations of girls with regular menstrual cycles, 157 observations of girls with irregular menstrual cycles, and 104 observations of girls with oligomenorrhea. Body Mass Index, waist circumference, hip circumference, LH, androstenedione, testosterone, and dehydro-epiandrosterone sulphate increased significantly (linear regression, P < 0.05) by gynecological age in all menstrual cycle pattern groups. For PRL and estradiol a significant increase with gynecological age was only documented in the regular menstrual cycle group and for waist to hip ratio only in the irregular menstrual cycle group. No significant correlation could be documented between gynecological age and overnight fasting insulin concentrations or glucose to insulin ratio. We found no significant correlation between insulin concentrations or glucose to insulin ratio and androgen concentrations. Significant positive correlations were found between LH and androgens. LH and androgen levels increase during the first years after menarche, and reference values should be adjusted for gynecological age. In these years, no significant correlation between hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia could be documented.
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Bao, AM, RY Liu, EJ van Someren, MA Hofman, YX Cao, and JN Zhou. "Diurnal rhythm of free estradiol during the menstrual cycle." European Journal of Endocrinology 148, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1480227.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diurnal rhythm of estrogens in normally cyclic women during reproductive life. DESIGN: Multiple saliva sampling in normally cyclic healthy women during reproductive life at different phases of their menstrual cycles was carried out. METHODS: Salivary estradiol was measured by radioimmunoassay in samples collected every 2 h for 24 h from 15 normally cyclic healthy women during reproductive life during the menstrual phase, the late follicular/peri-ovulation phase, the early to mid luteal phase and the late luteal phase, respectively, of their menstrual cycles. The levels of salivary estradiol were analyzed by means of periodic regression. RESULTS: A daily biological rhythm of free estradiol was found after quantification with a nonlinear periodic regression model. The observed diurnal free estradiol rhythm consists of two major components: an asymmetrically peaked diurnal cycle and ultradian harmonics in the range of 6 to 12 h. The diurnal and ultradian rhythms were remarkably consistent throughout the menstrual cycle in terms of mesor (24 h mean level), peak width and amplitude. There was a tendency for the 24-h rhythm acrophases to converge in the early morning, while the acrophase of the menstrual phase occurred significantly later than in the late follicular/peri-ovulation phase. CONCLUSIONS: The diurnal rhythm of estradiol has a similar complex temporal organization for different menstrual phases. The menstrual cycle mainly modulates the acrophase of the diurnal rhythm.
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Kowynia, Elizabeth, and Shayesteh Jahanfar. "The Effect of Twin Sex on Menstrual Characteristics." Medicina 56, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56040173.
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Background and objectives: The purpose of this project is to evaluate the association between twin sex discordance and menstrual characteristics. We hypothesize that sharing the uterus with a male twin can change ovulation programming, hence changing the menstrual cycle characteristics during adulthood. This project could be novel in discovering new physiological mechanisms of hormone exposure and menstrual cycles. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study. We asked females from sex-concordant (n = 1290) and sex-discordant (n = 168) twin pairs in the Washington State Twin Registry about characteristics of menstrual cycles. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis was used to compare groups. The main outcome measures included the amount of bleeding, duration of menstruation, the timing of menstruation, length of menstruation, and a number of periods per year. Results: We found a statistically significant association between the amount of menstrual period bleeding and twin sex discordance (0.42 (95% CI 0.18–0.94)). However, twin sex discordance was not associated with period duration, length of menstrual cycle, cycle regularity, or a number of periods per year. Conclusions: Twin sex discordance is not a predictor of clinical characteristics of menstruation during adulthood except for the amount of bleeding. Future studies should focus on the impact of male hormones on the amount of bleeding during menstruation.
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Gonçalves, Thaís Marques Simek Vega, Lucíola Maria Rodrigues de Vasconcelos, Wander José da Silva, Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury, and Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues Garcia. "Influence of female hormonal fluctuation on maximum occlusal force." Brazilian Dental Journal 22, no. 6 (2011): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402011000600010.
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Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle may influence on muscular tensions and probably alter occlusal force. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether hormonal levels affect maximum occlusal force (MOF) of healthy women throughout the different phases of the menstrual cycle. Sixty complete dentate subjects who were not under use of oral contraceptives were selected to participate in this study. MOF was bilaterally evaluated on the molar region, during 3 complete menstrual cycles, using 5.65 mm-wide sensors. Measurements were carried out during each of the following menstrual cycle phases: menstrual, follicular, periovulatory and luteal, presumed by ovulation test. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). Comparisons among menstrual cycle phases showed no differences on MOF (p=0.27). Under the conditions of this study, it may be concluded that hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle do not affect MOF of a sample of healthy women.
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Sihotang, Urbanus. "STATUS ANEMIA KAITANNYA DENGAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI PADA SISWI SMA TRI SAKTI LUBUK PAKAM." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 15, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v15i3.818.
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Nutritional problems that often help adolescents are multiple nutritional problems, namely excess nutrition such as overweight and malnutrition, deficiency of iron (Fe) which causes anemia. The direct impact of anemia on adolescent girls is easily tired, mental development and learning concentration decrease, the immune system decreases work productivity. Young women who affect growth, organ function and disruption of the function of one of the menstrual cycles. The aim of the study was to see the relationship between anemia and the menstrual cycle in adolescent girls at Trisakti Lubuk Pakam Private High School. This type of research is observational with a cross sectional research design. In this study, the sample used is the entire population called total sampling with a total of 60 female teenage students and the data collected using the chi-square test. The results of the study of female students with anemia status were 48.3% and menstrual cycles were abnormal 48.3%. At 5% alpha, it was found that there was no significant relationship between anemia status and the menstrual cycle of Trisakti Lubuk Pakam high school students. Key words: anemia status; menstrual cycle; high school student
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Nóbrega, Lucia H. C., George D. Azevedo, Josivan G. Lima, Rui A. Ferriani, Poli Mara Spritzer, Marcos F. S. Sá, and Técia M. O. Maranhão. "Analysis of testosterone pulsatility in women with ovulatory menstrual cycles." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 53, no. 8 (November 2009): 1040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302009000800020.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pattern of the pulsatile secretion of testosterone in normal menstrual cycle. METHODS: Eight healthy women with ovulatory menstrual cycles were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at ten-minute intervals for six hours, starting between 7 and 8 am, after a ten-hour fasting, in three phases: mid-follicular (Day 7), late follicular (Day 12) and mid-luteal phase (Day 21). Samples were assayed for testosterone, LH and the baseline also for SHBG. RESULTS: Testosterone pulse frequency, mean amplitude pulse, percentage of increment in pulse amplitude, mean duration of pulses and pulse interval were similar in the three phases. LH pulsatility was statistically different among the three phases (p < 0.001) representing normal ovulatory cycles. CONCLUSIONS: These data increase the knowledge about the testosterone secretion profile in the human menstrual cycle and can be used as a contribution to clinical investigation in both hyperandrogenism and androgen insufficiency syndrome.
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Kakani, C. R., and Jalpa K. Bhatt. "Study of adaptability and efficacy of menstrual cup in managing menstrual health and hygiene." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 7 (June 24, 2017): 3045. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172932.
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Background: Menstrual cups have been available for decades, but their use is limited by bulky design and the need for multiple sizes. However, some benefits have been reported like improvement in managing health and hygiene during menstruation, better information on the average menstrual fluid discharged by women during menstruation and attainment of more knowledge bridging the lacuna in knowledge about the adaptability and efficacy of menstrual cup as a better alternative to conventional options. The study is aimed towards assessing the adaptability and the effectiveness of menstrual cup by naïve users who have been using sanitary pads/tampons/cloth as conventional menstrual sanitary protection.Methods: The study was conducted at conducted Gujarat Medical Education and Research Society, Medical College and Hospital, Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat, India. Total 158 participants aged between ages of 20 to 50 years with regular menstrual cycle were enrolled in the study. Participants were provided menstrual cups to be used for three consecutive menstrual cycles. They were given detailed explanation/information about its usage. Feedback was obtained after every cycle for three cycles using a structured questionnaire.Results: The cup was preferred for comfort, dryness, and less odor. Insertion was easy for 80% participants and 90% participants found removal easy. Problem of leakage was encountered in 3-6%. There were few side effects like rashes, dryness or infection.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that this reusable vaginal device has no significant health risks and is acceptable to many women without the need for fitting or other medical services.
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Schneider, Mary, and Richard J. Fehring. "Descriptive Statistical Evaluation of the Standard Days Method of Family Planning." Linacre Quarterly 79, no. 4 (November 2012): 460–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/002436312804827064.
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The Standard Days Method (SDM) is a method of family planning that assumes ovulation to be close to the midpoint of the menstrual cycle; fertility falls between days 8 and 19; and is most effective for cycle lengths between twenty-six and thirty-two days. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the assumptions of the SDM with a new data set of 714 menstrual cycles produced by 131 women (mean age twenty-nine) who tracked their fertility with an electronic fertility monitor that measured urinary estrogen and luteinizing hormone (LH). The LH peak was used to estimate the day of ovulation (EDO) and the six-day fertile window. Results indicated the majority (80 percent) of menstrual cycles had EDOs within three days of the midpoint of the cycle (86 percent with cycle lengths between twenty-six and thirty-two days). Approximately 22.5 percent (172) of the cycles had fertile window days outside of days 8 to 19, 10.2 percent (78) before, and 12.1 percent (92) after. However, there is a low probability of pregnancy when women experience short cycles and the early days of the fertile window are outside of days 8 through 19. We concluded assumptions of the SDM outside of the fertile window with long cycles could be problematic. However, the SDM is valid for women who have most cycles within the twenty-six to thirty-two day range.