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Journal articles on the topic 'Menstruation'
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Ainur Rofiqoh and Ilham Achmad Asfi Burhanudin. "Edukasi Pengenalan Fikih Wanita Kepada Remaja di Ponpes At-Taubah Garum Kabupaten Blitar." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Desa (JPMD) 2, no. 3 (December 27, 2021): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.58401/jpmd.v2i3.621.
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This learning education aims to provide additional knowledge about fiqh, especially menstruation to adolescents at the Islamic boarding school at Taubah, Garum sub-district, Blitar City. Sometimes for some girls who have just entered the age of aqil baligh, it is difficult to accept the changes that occur in them. This is due to a lack of knowledge and lack of attention from parents in paying attention to their children.
The purpose of this education is to increase women's knowledge of fiqh, especially those that discuss menstruation. The researcher provides several main topics of discussion, namely, (1) the understanding of menstruation according to language and terms (2) the time of menstruation, starting from the initial age limit for a woman to be declared menstruating at the age of 9 years, (3) the minimum period of menstruation, generally menstruation and the maximum length of menstruation, (4) things that are prohibited while menstruating, (5 ) obligatory bathing after menstruation and (6) procedures for replacing the prayer after being purified from menstruation.
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Cabrera, Kelsie L., Adrianna M. Darwish, Kelly L. Lurz, Rance L. McClain, Elizabeth McClain, Joshua Cox, and Larry Segars. "Osteopathic Structural Findings in Women During Menstruation." AAO Journal 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-29.1.7.
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Abstract Context: Menstruation, although a normal physiologic process, can result in cramping and discomfort in women. The symptomatology may manifest as musculoskeletal changes that can be identified and addressed to provide relief for suffering patients. Objective: To evaluate for common somatic dysfunctions and Chapman’s reflex points by performing full-body osteopathic structural exams (OSE) on women during menstruation compared to when they are not menstruating. Methods: Participants were menstruating, female faculty, staff and students recruited from Kansas City University. Data was gathered in the form of OSE findings from 2 intervals of menstruation and compared to data gathered from 2 intervals of non-menstruation. Each participant was evaluated at 4 visits: visit 1 during menstruation, visit 2 during non-menstruation, visit 3 during their subsequent cycle of menstruation, and visit 4 during their subsequent cycle of non-menstruation. At each visit, the participant was evaluated separately by the fellow and the physician. Results: Of the 32 potential participants, 23 completed the study. In this population, 23 participants (100%) had a lumbar somatic dysfunction during one menstrual cycle, with only 14 (60.9%) having a lumbar dysfunction during non-menstruation (P=0.004). Of the 5 posterior Chapman’s reflex points evaluated, 17 participants (73.9%) had at least 1 of the Chapman’s points with dysfunction during 1 menstruation cycle compared to only 10 participants (43.5%) during non-menstruation (P=0.039). Three participants (13%) were found to have a left-sided innominate dysfunction during 1 menstrual cycle compared to only 1 participant (4%) having a left-sided innominate dysfunction during non-menstruation (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study found 3 common areas of dysfunction in menstruating women that could be targeted by physicians for evaluation and treatment: the lumbar spine, the left innominate, and two posterior Chapman’s points. These findings aid in closing the gap from previously published data regarding the presence of somatic dysfunction in women during menstruation.
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Bellofiore, Nadia, Fiona Cousins, Peter Temple-Smith, Hayley Dickinson, and Jemma Evans. "A missing piece: the spiny mouse and the puzzle of menstruating species." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 61, no. 1 (July 2018): R25—R41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-17-0278.
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We recently discovered the first known menstruating rodent. With the exception of four bats and the elephant shrew, the common spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) is the only species outside the primate order to exhibit menses. There are few widely accepted theories on why menstruation developed as the preferred reproductive strategy of these select mammals, all of which reference the evolution of spontaneous decidualisation prior to menstrual shedding. Though menstruating species share several reproductive traits, there has been no identifiable feature unique to menstruating species. Such a feature might suggest why spontaneous decidualisation, and thus menstruation, evolved in these species. We propose that a ≥3-fold increase in progesterone during the luteal phase of the reproductive cycle is a unique characteristic linking menstruating species. We discuss spontaneous decidualisation as a consequence of high progesterone, and the potential role of prolactin in screening for defective embryos in these species to aid in minimising implantation of abnormal embryos. We further explore the possible impact of nutrition in selecting species to undergo spontaneous decidualisation and subsequent menstruation. We summarise the current knowledge of menstruation, discuss current pre-clinical models of menstruation and how the spiny mouse may benefit advancing our understanding of this rare biological phenomenon.
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Kaphle, Maheshor, Rajesh Karki, Nirmala Regmi, and Pragati Poudyel. "Social and Cultural Issues of Menstruation and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Nepal." Archives of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 4, no. 4 (November 21, 2023): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/gynaecology.4.054.
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Practice difficulties during menstruation and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) are major global concerns. So, this review will explore the issues of cultural and social for menstruation and AUB in Nepal. Nearly one-third of menstruating girls and women were facing abnormal menstruation and uterine bleeding worldwide. All religions have negative views and enforce prohibitions on menstruation and abnormal uterine bleeding except Sikhism. AUB impacts women's living quality, sexuality, social engagement and participation, mental well-being, access to education and employment prospects, experiences of stigma and shame, as well as economic challenges. Menstruation restrictions are a routed problem in some parts, some religions, and castes, and very few menstruating women use disposable sanitary pads in Nepal. Awareness programs, educational intervention programs, and education on menstrual health help to rule out the causes of AUB, and legal implementation of these should be applied to the effort to overcome the issues.
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Chan, Howard H., Judith A. Johnson, A. Panju, and Christine A. Bradley. "D-Dimer Assay during Menstrual Period." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 4035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4035.4035.
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Abstract Introduction: Fibrin D-dimer is the degradation products from cross-linked fibrin. It is a marker of intravascular thrombogenesis. Menstruation is associated with activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. To investigate the changes of plasma fibrin D-dimer level during menstruation cycle, we measure the D-dimer level on day 1, 3, 5, and 21 of the menstruation period for 5 consecutive female volunteers. MDA D-dimer assay is used because it is one of the most sensitive laboratory methods for quantitative measurement of D-dimer level. Methods: Normal female volunteers with normal regular menstruation cycle are recruited. To avoid other confronting factors, subjects with recent history of thromboembolic diseases; ischemic heart disease; pregnancy or child birth; active malignancy; active inflammatory or infectious disease; surgery or trauma; and/or use of birth control pills are excluded. All volunteers have the menstruating period identified. Day 1 of menstruating period is defined as the first day when menstruating flow occurs. On Day 1, 3, 5 and 21 of menstruating cycle, blood samples are collected in tubes precoated with 3.2% trisodium citrate-dihydrate. Specimens are centrifuged at 2500 g for 15 minutes. The MDA D-dimer assay is performed using a commercial kit as per manufacturer’s instructions. Plasma fibrin MDA D-dimer level is expressed in F.E.U./ml (normal range is <0.50 F.E.U./ml). ANOVA statistical analysis for single factor is used to compare the differences among the D-dimer levels on day 1, 3, 5 and 21 of the menstruation cycle. The study has been reviewed and approved by the committee for ethics for research. Results: The results are summarized in table 1 and figure 1. There is no significant variation of D-dimer level measured on day 1, 3, 5, and 21 of menstruation cycle. (p = 0.382) Conclusion: The MDA D-dimer level does not have significant change during the menstruation period. The clotting process during menstruation may mainly be extravascular and, therefore, not affect the D-dimer level. Clinically, D-dimer test can still be used to rule out venous thromboembolism in a menstruating woman. D-dimer levels (F.E.U./ml) on various days of menstruation cycle for 5 volunteers Figure Figure Subject Number 2 3 4 5 6 Day 1 0.12 0.21 0.31 0.34 0.44 Day 3 0.10 0.18 0.23 0.13 0.31 Day 5 0.11 0.17 0.16 0.27 0.22 Day 21 0.21 0.10 0.17 0.39 0.29
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Mustaqim, Abdul. "Membongkar Mitosmenstruai Taboo (Kajian Tafsir Tematik Pendekatan Hermeneutik)." Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2007): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2007.51.21-40.
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The concept of menstruation has both theological and mythological meanings, and is usually perceived with negativity. Such construction is partly caused by the transmission of Isra'iliyyat ideas in the Qur'anic exegesis books without any criticism. There[ore it is necessary for Muslims to deconstruct the misogynist mythologies of menstruation (haid), and then re-mrerprez it using the theological perspective as stated in Qur'anic verses dealing with the issues. By applying a thematic-hermeneutical method and historical approach to analyze the concept of menstruation in the Qur'an, this present study concludes that it has more humanistic view to menstruating women than those offered by the Jewish and Christian traditions. Al-Qur'an requires Muslims to be moderate in giving treatment to menstruating women. There are at least three main issues of menstruation addressed in the Qur'an. Firstly, issue concerning with the ways Muslims must treat their women when they menstruate. Secondly, problems related to 'iddah (women's time to wait before entering a new marriage after divorce), and the last is the idea of the obligation for menstruating women to wear jilbab.
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Çevirme, Ayşe Sayan, Hülya Çevirme, Leyla Karaoğlu, Nezihe Uğurlu, and Yasemin Korkmaz. "The perception of menarche and menstruation among Turkish married women: Attitudes, experiences, and behaviors." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 38, no. 3 (April 1, 2010): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.3.381.
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The aim in this study was to determine the experiences, behaviors, and attitudes of married Turkish women of fertility age, towards menstruation. Of the 586 women who took part in the study 64.2% described their menarche as an unfavorable experience. A total of 48.8% of them felt they had to keep their menstruation as a secret, and 2.2% believed that menstruating was a punishment given by God. Most did not approve of religious observances such as reciting the Quran, performing the namaz, and fasting when menstruating. Women over thirty who had less education were more likely to think that these activities were unfavorable. Sexual intercourse during menstruation was viewed as unfavorable by 80.9% of the women and 80.4% said that they did not have intercourse then. The state of menarche was found to limit women's lives in both public and individual spheres. It is suggested that menstruation should be evaluated not only within the scope of women's health, but also as a social issue and accessibility to information on menstruation should be improved.
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Catalini, Laura, and Jens Fedder. "Characteristics of the endometrium in menstruating species: lessons learned from the animal kingdom†." Biology of Reproduction 102, no. 6 (March 4, 2020): 1160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioaa029.
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Abstract Here we have summarized what is currently known about menstruating animal species with special emphasis on non-primate species: length of their menstrual cycle, ovulation, implantation, placentation, decidualization, and endometrial characteristics. Having an overview of all the possible animal models that can be used to study menstruation and the menstrual cycle could be useful to select the one that better matches the needs of the individual research projects. The most promising species to study menstruation seems to be the spiny mouse Acomys cahirinus. It is a rodent that could be easily held in the existing laboratory facilities for rats and mice but with the great advantage of having spontaneous menstruation and several human-like menstrual cycle characteristics. Among the species of menstruating bats, the black mastiff bat Molossus ater and wild fulvous fruit bat Rousettus leschenaultii are the ones presenting the most human-like characteristics. The elephant shrew seems to be the less suitable species among the ones analyzed. The induced mouse model of menstruation is also presented as an adaptable alternative to study menstruation.
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Zuadah, Annisaa Siti. "Hadis tentang Haid dan Pengaruh Alat Kontrasepsi Pencegah Kehamilan terhadap Siklus Haid." Jurnal Riset Agama 1, no. 1 (September 24, 2021): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jra.v1i1.14253.
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This study aims to discuss the hadith about menstruation. This research method is a qualitative type through literature study with content analysis. The research discussion includes general views about menstruation, hadith about menstruation, and the effect of contraceptives to prevent pregnancy on the menstrual cycle. This study concludes that menstruation is a natural cycle as a stipulation that has been established for women based on the explanation of the Prophet's hadith, thereby dismissing various discriminatory myths against menstruating women. Indeed, the menstrual cycle is messed up with the use of contraceptives to prevent pregnancy, but the medical world explains that blood that comes out of the end of a woman's uterus due to the use of contraception that exceeds its period is still categorized as menstruation.
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Ramly, Ifna Qwinid, Honey Ivon Ndoen, and Enjelita M. Ndoen. "Gambaran Perilaku Kebersihan Diri Saat Menstruasi Pada Siswi Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 13 Kupang Tahun 2019." Timorese Journal of Public Health 2, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/tjph.v2i1.2289.
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Personal hygiene during menstruation is an action to maintain health and hygiene in female genital areas during menstruation. Based on data compiled from the Central Statistics Agency and the National Development Planning Agency in 2010, 63 million female adolescents in Indonesia paid less attention to the hygiene of their reproductive organs when menstruating. Furthermore, infectious disease incidence that occurred in adolescents’ reproductive tract (10-18 years) was about 42%. This research purposed to describe personal hygiene behavior during menstruation in female students of class VIII SMPN 13 Kupang. The research was a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The number of samples was 63 female students of class VIII SMPN 13 Kupang taken by the simple random sampling technique. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a good level of knowledge (85,71%) and a positive attitude (80,95%) towards personal hygiene behavior during menstruation. However, most respondents had poor personal hygiene during menstruation (53,96%). Schools need to provide more references on adolescent reproductive health, especially personal hygiene during menstruation, for school teenagers.
Keywords: menstruation; personal hygiene; behavior
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Verma, Anjana, Ashish Patyal, Jitendra Kumar Meena, and Medha Mathur. "Breaking the silence around menstruation: experiences from urban and rural India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210859.
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Menstruation being a normal physiological process is still considered a subject of shame. Discussion around “periods” is always kept private and not considered a normal health issue. There are many organizations (both government and non-government), who have been working towards providing menstrual hygiene management in India. However, even in 2020, “period” word is still associated with stigma in society. Cultural stereotypes have a huge impact in the efforts to alleviate the issues related to menstruation in India. Lack of awareness and accessibility make the behaviour change even more difficult. The ever-present stigma and taboos that adolescent girls and women face impact considerably how they understand and experience menstruation. Women are always expected to be the main source of information about menstruation. In India, especially rural areas, parents are often unprepared, uncomfortable and under-resourced to have a conversation about menstruation with their daughters. Hence it is difficult to allay the negative beliefs and attitudes that surround menstruation. The impact of shame and stigma around menstruation is an interwoven issue in Indian society felt by most of menstruating girls and women. Given the taboo around menstruation, discussions and sharing of knowledge on menstrual hygiene management practices are very limited.
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Mudaris, Hudan. "Menolak Menstrual Taboo dan "Angan-angan" Fiqh Kesetaraan." Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2007): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2007.51.89-102.
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Women's issues have always stimulated discussion; and amongst the most debated issues is about menstruation or popularly known as haidh in Islamic literature. This signifies that although menstruation is a routine event for most adult women, it has significant consequencesfor their lives. The debates on the issues of menstruation is heated when they are not only seen within the context of women's reproductive and sexual health, but also put into the theological frame, such as in the event related to religious rituals of prayers and hajj (pilgrimage to the holy land Mecca), in which menstruating women are prohibited to engage with.
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Leenaars, Antoon A., T. D. Dogra, Shalini Girdhar, S. Dattagupta, and Lindsey Leenaars. "Menstruation and Suicide." Crisis 30, no. 4 (July 2009): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.30.4.202.
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Background: Previous research, albeit limited, has reported mixed findings on the impact of menstruation cycle on suicidal behavior. The contribution of menstruation to completed suicide is also controversial; the studies are, in fact, very limited and are not carefully designed. Aims: To examine whether the menstruation cycle impacts on suicide. Methods: In order to explore this relationship, 56 autopsies on completed suicides in females were performed and matched to a control group of 44 females who had died from other causes, at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi. Histopathological examination, a method of collecting tissue from the uterus through biopsy, was used to determine the stage of the menstrual cycle. Results: The results show that 25% of women who had died by suicide were menstruating at the time, compared to 4.5% of the control group; this is statistically (χ2) significant at the p < .002 level. Conclusions: Menstruation in the women who completed suicide, compared to a control group, appeared to have an association, though more research is warranted. Not only there are serious methodological problems in the study of menstruation and suicide (largely because of problematic tissue storage and examination), but also because of the need to understand the impact within a larger psychological, social, and cultural frame.
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Rathod, Ashwini, and Komal Muneshwar. "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices on menstrual hygiene among school-going adolescent students in the rural areas of Wardha district, Maharashtra: A cross-sectional study." F1000Research 12 (October 11, 2023): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.135158.1.
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Introduction: In many Indian studies, menstruation is considered a female subject because only girls and women are affected. Adolescent boys are excluded, demonstrating that menstruation is recognized as a social phenomenon with gender differences. Boys’ knowledge and attitudes about menstruation and socio-economic variables influencing their experiences related to menstruation must be investigated if boys are to play a substantial part in improving women's health. Boys’ participation in improving women’s health and reducing gender inequalities is where reducing gender inequalities in adolescent health must begin. We will study boys' knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about menstruation to understand the role of social determinants in their experiences. The study investigates the knowledge of menstruation, sources of knowledge, attitudes towards menstruation and menstrual hygiene management of adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study will be conducted on adolescent school-going students in government schools using a questionnaire, which includes questions on socio-economic variables, family, and education. The study population will include 154 students in the age group of 10–19 years. Both boys and girls are included in the study population. Results: The findings of the study will provide insights that can be used to improve the menstrual hygiene practices of the target population of adolescents group age 10–19 years old. The study finding will also show the knowledge of adolescents about menstruation. It also indicates how boys assist and emotionally support their menstruating family members and colleagues.
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Subedi, Madhusudan, and Sara Parker. "Menstrual Exclusions in Nepal: Some Evidence of Transition." Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 15 (December 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v15i01.41921.
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There is a long history of menstrual restrictions, stigmas and taboos across nearly all religions, regions and cultures. The origins of myths and misconceptions have often been linked to various religious texts and women were prohibited from participating in normal life while menstruating. Culturally, in many parts of the world, menstruation is still considered ‘dirty’ and ‘impure’, although this is not true. Menstruation is often associated with feelings of shame, horror, danger, disgust, and sin. There have been initiatives to change the perception that menstruating women are not polluted, thus bringing an end to traditional customs such as not being allowed to sleep in their own home or touch male relatives to more extreme forms of isolation such as being confined to the ‘cow shed’. This paper draws on research conducted between 2019 and 2021 under a British Academy-funded Global Challenge Research Fund project entitled ‘Dignity Without Danger’. The study employed qualitative methods, covering 160 qualitative interviews and 16 focus group discussions among different caste and ethnic groups in three different ecological areas (mountain, hill, and tarai) in seven provinces in Nepal. Today, menstruating women have relatively more freedom to discuss this topic due to increased awareness that menstruation is a natural process. However, our study shows there are still differences between cultures, religions, castes and ethnic groups, and regions, and a single narrative does not represent the issues related to menstrual exclusion in Nepal. The study shows that many menstruating girls and women are still restricted in a number of diverse ways, from not offering prayers, entering or worshiping in temples, touching holy books, and participating in religious rituals. In some areas, more extreme practices persist which discriminate against women when menstruating. Our research highlights that education and an interdisciplinary, multisector approach are required if menstrual discrimination is to be addressed. Finally, this paper emphasizes the necessity for providing correct knowledge about menstruation to the entire community including elders, males and religious leaders as well as adolescents and young girls. Such knowledge will help them practice safe and hygienic menstrual practices, challenge and reduce their traditional beliefs, misconceptions and restrictions regarding menstruation that are essential to achieving menstrual dignity.
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Prasai, Meera, Hari Prasad Upadhyay, Srijana Panthi, Kamal Khadka, and Roshan Kuwar. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Menstruation Pattern Among Schools Adolescents." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 101–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v19i1.53523.
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IntroductionMenstruation, also known as a period, is a natural process that occurs in the female body as apart of the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle is the monthly hormonal cycle that preparesthe female body for pregnancy. The objective of this research is to find the prevalence andassociated factors of menstruation pattern among schools adolescents. MethodsA descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 355 adolescent girls of (10-19 years) in five boarding and government school of Bharatpur municipality, Chitwan. Self- structure questionnaire was then distributed to those students who had already attended their menstruation. Data was entered and analyse by using descriptive and inferential statistical tools in SPSS 20. P-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. ResultsThe mean±SD of age was found 14.60±1.54 years. In 63.9% (With 95 %CI 58.9% to 68.9%)students had irregular menstruation cycle. Likewise18.87% students had Oligomenorrhoea,17.18% had Polymenorrhoea and 11.3% students had menorrhagia. Family history of studentswas found as statistically significant with menstruation problem (p-value<0.05). ConclusionsDysmenorrhea, Irregularities in menstruations cycle and Pre menstruation symptoms wasfound to be major problems in adolescents girls.
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Beharry, Meera S. "Menstruation." Pediatric Annals 44, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00904481-20150910-07.
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Sinclair, Jean. "Menstruation." Practice Nursing 14, no. 1 (January 2003): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2003.14.1.10985.
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ORZEL, JOSEPH A., and GREGORY J. JAFFERS. "Menstruation." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 11, no. 6 (June 1986): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-198606000-00010.
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Amaral, André F. S., David P. Strachan, Francisco Gómez Real, Peter G. J. Burney, and Deborah L. Jarvis. "Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation: UK Biobank data." European Respiratory Journal 48, no. 5 (September 22, 2016): 1288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00412-2016.
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Little is known about the effect of cessation of menstruation on lung function. The aims of the study were to examine the association of lung function with natural and surgical cessation of menstruation, and assess whether lower lung function is associated with earlier age at cessation of menstruation.The study was performed in 141 076 women from the UK Biobank, who had provided acceptable and reproducible spirometry measurements and information on menstrual status. The associations of lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), spirometric restriction (FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN)), airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC <LLN)) with cessation of menstruation and age at cessation of menstruation were assessed using regression analysis.Women who had natural cessation of menstruation showed a lower FVC (−42 mL; 95% CI −53– −30) and FEV1 (−34 mL; 95% CI −43– −24) and higher risk of spirometric restriction (adjusted odds ratio 1.27; 95% CI 1.18–1.37) than women still menstruating. These associations were stronger in women who had had a hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. The earlier the natural cessation of menstruation, the lower the lung function. There was no clear association of lung function with age at hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. Airflow obstruction was not associated with cessation of menstruation.Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation, especially if it occurs early in life.
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Nuroniyah, Wardah. "Menakar Ulang Diskursus Menstruasi: Kajian atas Aturan Puasa bagi Perempuan Haid dalam Fikih sebagai Upaya Menghapus Stereotype dan Menstrual Taboo." Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 16, no. 1 (May 29, 2022): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v16i1.6317.
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The issue of menstruation has attracted a lot of attention from fiqh scholars to discuss it, because the scholars have tried to eradicate and abolish the myths surrounding menstruation that have existed for a long time. But if we want to take a closer look at the stipulations, more or less there are still stereotypes in treating menstruating women, although there are still debates in it. The explanation in fiqh still causes ambiguity in the argument why menstruating women are prohibited from fasting, is there still a misogynistic assumption about menstruation in fiqh, so that menstruating women are not allowed to fast? From this point of view, it is necessary to re-examine why menstruating women are prohibited from fasting, because the scholars of fiqh do not provide sufficient studies on various implications arising from the existence of the menstrual cycle, except for a global explanation of all the prohibitions that must be avoided for women menstruating. In the book of fiqh it is explained that fasting is forbidden for menstruating women because fasting is pure worship. This study concludes that by looking at the physical conditions experienced by menstruating women in general, the prohibition of menstruating women from fasting can be understood as people who are sick who get relief to break their fast for the benefit of and maintain their health. So the prohibition of a menstruating woman from fasting is a relief (rukhsah) from God to maintain the stability of her body, and it does not mean a prohibition, considering that the condition of a menstruating woman's body is not the same.
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Pant, Poonam. "Menstrual Experiences of Totally Blind Menstruators in Kathmandu." Journal of Education and Research 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.51474/jer.v11i2.560.
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Many communities still consider menstruation as a taboo, and thus various restrictions are imposed on menstruators during their menstruation. Despite their challenges, the totally blind menstruators, too, are not spared from the restrictions. This paper presents the findings of a study on menstrual experiences of five totally blind menstruators in Kathmandu, Nepal. Managing their menstruation independently amidst the social and cultural restrictions is far more difficult for blind menstruators because of their needs in terms of support from the family members and physical infrastructures like bathrooms and toilets. The restrictive practice of keeping them in isolation away from their families, whom they rely upon for their day-to-day activities, for up to 22 days during their menarche (first period) not only snatches away their comforts and convenience but also makes them insecure and causes emotional trauma. Ensuring safe and dignified menstruation for blind menstruators needs wider awareness on the realities of menstruation in society, understanding and supportive role of the family, particularly the non-menstruating members, and the appropriate physical infrastructures.
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Akbas, Meltem, Sule Gokyildiz Surucu, Melike Ozturk, and Cemile Onat Koroglu. "Identification of midwifery students’ menstrual attitudes." Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling in Schools: Current Perspectives 8, no. 2 (August 9, 2018): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjgc.v8i2.3007.
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Problem statement: This study is designed based on the idea that attitudes towards menstruation can be multi-directional; they can be positive as much as negative and the physiological and emotional symptom expectations during premenstrual or menstrual period can influence the attitudes.Objective: The descriptive study aims to identify midwifery students’ menstrual attitudes.Material and Methods: Research population consists of 100 students who are in their 1st and 2nd year in Cukurova University Health Sciences Faculty Midwifery Department during 2014-2015 education year and the sample consists of 92 students. Permission of the institution, ethics committee approval and informed verbal consent of the participants were obtained. A questionnaire that includes sociodemographic information and menstrual features, and Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire. The data was analyzed with IBM 20.0 package program.Findings: The average age of the participants is 19.75±1.86 and average menarche age is 13.77±1.25. It is indicated that 87.0% of the participants have knowledge regarding menstruation, yet 48.9 had worries during their first menstruation, 77.2% have regular menstruations, 71.7% experience premenstrual problems and 89.1% experience dysmenorrhea. Total average score of the participants on Menstrual Attitude Scale is 66,93±8,12; the average scores for subscales are (10,93±2,74) menstruation as an annoying phenomenon, (8,10±2,02) as a natural phenomenon, (11,24±2,12) sensing/recognizing menstruation in advance and (11,81±1,88) denial of menstrual effects.Conclusion: Based on high average scores for Menstrual Attitude Scale, it is found that the students have positive attitudes towards menstruation. It can also be claimed that since the participants perceive menstruation as a natural phenomenon, they can easily cope with related problems.
Keywords: Menstruation Menstrual Attitude, Midwifery Student;
Keywords: First keyword, second keyword, third keyword, forth keyword;
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Safira, Safira, Anies Setiowati, Nanang Indardi, Gustiana Mega Anggita, and Siti Baitul. "Perbedaan Nilai Vo2 Maks Saat Menstruasi Dan Tidak Menstruasi Pada Atlet Pencak Silat Kota Semarang Tahun 2020." Riyadhoh : Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga 5, no. 1 (June 4, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/rjpo.v5i1.6342.
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Female members of the martial arts in Semarang City. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. The instrument used is the Bleep Test. Data analysis used statistical test T-test which was processed with SPSS 16.0 for windows. The results showed a difference of two means it is known that the average VO₂ MAX result during menstruation is 4.89 ml/kg.bb/minute and the average VO₂ MAX result when not menstruating is 5.29 ml/kg.bb/minute. Research conclusions There is a significant difference in the value of VO₂ Max during menstruation and not menstruation in Pencak Silat athletes in Semarang City in 2020. Suggestions for healthy living patterns and habits with balanced nutrition and increasing endurance by exercising regularly and routinely.
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Hylton, Becca, and Roseanna Bourke. "Young people’s perspective of the inclusion of school-based resourcing for menstruation." Set: Research Information for Teachers, no. 3 (December 16, 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/set.1514.
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Young people should not miss out on education because they are menstruating; a normal part of life. The importance of supporting students who menstruate is recognised internationally, with countries increasingly making period products freely available. This article reports on research that provides an insight into the perspectives of 10 secondary school students who experience menstruation about how school-based resourcing for menstrual management impacts on their wellbeing and overall development and offers advice for teachers that students would find helpful. Young people at secondary school who menstruate want: more education about menstruation; a greater understanding of their experiences by others; menstruation to be normalised; and supportive relationships and resources to enhance their wellbeing.
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Monika, Chauhan, and Makeem Rita. "CLINICAL EFFICACY OF RAJAH PRAVARTINI VATI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARTAVA KSHAYA (OLIGOMENORRHOEA)." August - September 2020 p4, no. 06 (September 30, 2020): 2480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj05p4062020.
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A clinical trial was carried out on 30 oligomenorrhoea [ArtavaKshaya] patients aged between 18 to 35 years having complaints of irregular, scanty and painful menstruations. The patients were registered from OPD and IPD of Patanjali Ayurveda College, Haridwar. They were administrated Rajahpravartini Vati for three months in a dose of 250mg twice daily. The specific investigations were done in order to exclude TB endometritis, endocrine disorders, diabetes and heart disease. The clinical assessment was carried out in thirty days intervals. It is inferred that the study discloses the effect of Rajahpravartini Vati on irregularity of interval of menstruation [90.47%], duration of menstruation [79.37%], amount of blood flow [90.00%] and pain during menstruation [100.00%] which were highly significant in clinical study. No untoward side effect was noticed during clinical trial.
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Syed Abdullah, Sharifah Zahhura. "Menstrual food restrictions and taboos: A qualitative study on rural, resettlement and urban indigenous Temiar of Malaysia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 27, 2022): e0279629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279629.
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Menstruation is arguably the first stage in a woman’s reproductive cycle. Among the Temiar, as in many other traditional societies, menstruation represents a time during which a woman is considered to be vulnerable or polluted and there may be food or behavior avoidances and restrictions. The Temiar is one of the eighteen indigenous sub-ethnic groups in Peninsular Malaysia. The objective of this study was to examine the food restrictions and taboos imposed on menstruating Temiar women. A total of 38 participants from four different locations took part in five focus group discussions which represents different lifestyle experiences of the Temiar sub-ethnic group. The findings unfolds many practices: foods to be avoided and spirit in the landscape in order to protect the menstruating woman; isolating the menstruating woman in order to protect the community; consequences of not observing the menstruation food taboos and maintenance of the menstrual taboos. The menstruating women in all locations were prohibited from consuming salt, cooking oils, wild or domesticated animals, and Monosodium glutamate to protect themselves from the excessive flow of menstrual blood and future ill-health. They must eat separately from others because they are deemed polluted and dangerous to the community. The study concludes that the taboos directed towards the menstruating women often do have a caring and protective intention. Menstrual restrictions function not only to protect the menstruating women and the community but also to keep intact the symbolic boundary between human and the non-human world from which disease and weakness comes.
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Nair, Prianka. "Menstruation: An Ableist Narrative." Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 41, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/cjgl.v41i1.8833.
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This essay outlines how the focus on able-bodied menstruators in the development of social narratives about menstruation erases the experiences and the discrimination experienced by menstruators with disabilities. Many menstruators with disabilities experience shame around menstruation, embarrassed about the “burden” of their menstrual experiences on their caregivers and concerned about breaching menstrual etiquette around hygiene. Narratives about menstruation are incomplete without considering these experiences. Introducing a disability perspective also permits us to interrogate why popular depictions of the menstruating body are inadequate, how they continue to reinforce and romanticize values like independence and productivity, and validate structures that grant power and privilege to those values. Finally, the essay introduces ideas like supported decision-making and dismodernism that center the experiences of individuals with disabilities. This shift in focus has the potential to transform menstrual activism by introducing into the conversation more nuanced values of reciprocity, interdependence, and empathy.
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Fajar Permana, Mochamad, and Wahyu Saputra. "PENGARUH KONSUMSI ASAM LEMAK (OMEGA-3) TERHADAP DISMENORE." Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang 8, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v8i1.344.
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Dysmenorrhea is a pain in women when menstruating, it starts when they first experience menstruation and then it will increase in general aged 15-17 years and reach a peak in general aged 20-24 years after that will continue to decline. This is very disturbing daily activities even for many teenage women do not go to school when experiencing menstrual pain, the cause is due to uterine muscle contractions. The uterine muscle contraction is triggered by the hormone prostaglandin, which levels will increase before menstruation begins. This is what causes the appearance of pain and cramps before or during menstruation. The author of the article aims to determine the effect of consumption of fatty acids (omega-3s) on dysmenorrhea.
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Anthony, Natalia. "Menstrual Taboos: religious Practices that Violate Women’s Human Rights." International Human Rights Law Review 9, no. 2 (October 24, 2020): 291–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00902003.
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Abstract Some world religions consider menstruation a taboo and impose different restrictions on menstruating women. This article argues that menstrual prohibitions based on religious grounds present a unique threat to women’s human rights. Although it is acknowledged that freedom of religion is an important human right, it is contended that, when it comes to a natural biological process like menstruation, it is the rights of women that must prevail in the clash between women’s human rights and freedom of religion.
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Critchley, Hilary O. D., Jacqueline A. Maybin, Gregory M. Armstrong, and Alistair R. W. Williams. "Physiology of the Endometrium and Regulation of Menstruation." Physiological Reviews 100, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 1149–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00031.2019.
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The physiological functions of the uterine endometrium (uterine lining) are preparation for implantation, maintenance of pregnancy if implantation occurs, and menstruation in the absence of pregnancy. The endometrium thus plays a pivotal role in reproduction and continuation of our species. Menstruation is a steroid-regulated event, and there are alternatives for a progesterone-primed endometrium, i.e., pregnancy or menstruation. Progesterone withdrawal is the trigger for menstruation. The menstruating endometrium is a physiological example of an injured or “wounded” surface that is required to rapidly repair each month. The physiological events of menstruation and endometrial repair provide an accessible in vivo human model of inflammation and tissue repair. Progress in our understanding of endometrial pathophysiology has been facilitated by modern cellular and molecular discovery tools, along with animal models of simulated menses. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), including heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), imposes a massive burden on society, affecting one in four women of reproductive age. Understanding structural and nonstructural causes underpinning AUB is essential to optimize and provide precision in patient management. This is facilitated by careful classification of causes of bleeding. We highlight the crucial need for understanding mechanisms underpinning menstruation and its aberrations. The endometrium is a prime target tissue for selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs). This class of compounds has therapeutic potential for the clinical unmet need of HMB. SPRMs reduce menstrual bleeding by mechanisms still largely unknown. Human menstruation remains a taboo topic, and many questions concerning endometrial physiology that pertain to menstrual bleeding are yet to be answered.
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Hennegan, Julie, Justine N. Bukenya, Fredrick E. Makumbi, Petranilla Nakamya, Natalie G. Exum, Kellogg J. Schwab, and Simon P. S. Kibira. "Menstrual health challenges in the workplace and consequences for women’s work and wellbeing: A cross-sectional survey in Mukono, Uganda." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): e0000589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000589.
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This study describes women’s menstrual health needs at work in Uganda and explores the associations between unmet needs and women’s work and wellbeing. We undertook a cross-sectional survey of women working in marketplaces, public primary schools, and health care facilities in Mukono district, central Uganda. Survey questions were designed to capture women’s experiences of managing menstrual bleeding, pain, social support, and the social environment. A total 435 women working in markets, 45 teachers and 45 health care facility workers participated. Of these, 15% missed work due to their last period, and 41% would prefer not to work during menstruation. Unmet menstrual health needs were associated with consequences for women’s work and psychological wellbeing. Experiencing menstrual pain (aPR 3.65 95%CI 1.48–9.00), along with the use of improvised menstrual materials (aPR 1.41 95%CI 1.08–1.83), not feeling comfortable to discuss menstruation at work (aPR 1.54 95%CI 1.01–2.34) and the expectation that women should stay home when menstruating (aPR 2.44 95%CI 1.30–4.60) were associated with absenteeism due to menstruation. In contrast, not having menstrual management needs met (aPR 1.45 95%CI 1.17–1.79) and the attitude that menstruating women are dirty (aPR 1.94 95%CI 1.50–2.51), along with pain (aPR 1.59 95%CI 1.12–2.24) and norms around absenteeism were associated with wanting to miss work. After adjustment for age and poverty, unmet menstrual management needs (b = -5.97, 95%CI -8.89, -2.97), pain (b = -3.89, 95%CI -7.71, -0.08) and poor social support (b = -5.40, 95%CI -9.22, -1.57) were associated with lower wellbeing measured using the WHO-5. Attitudes that menstruation should be kept secret (b = 4.48, 95%CI 0.79, 8.17) and is dirty (b = 4.59, 95%CI 0.79, 8.40) were associated with higher wellbeing. Findings suggest that supporting care for menstrual pain, addressing secrecy surrounding menstruation and the perception of menstruation as dirty, and improving access to materials and facilities for managing menstrual bleeding are avenues for programs and policies to support working women.
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Wang, Xue, Xin Xu, and Yangyang Liu. "Males Perform Better in Identifying Voices During Menstruation Than Females." Psychological Reports 119, no. 2 (August 19, 2016): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294116662657.
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The objective of the present study is to investigate gender differences in the ability to identify females’ voice during menstruation. In Study 1, 55 male participants ( M age = 19.6 years, SD = 1.0) were asked to listen to vocal samples from women during both ovulation and menstruation and to identify which recordings featured menstruating women. The results showed that the accuracy of men’s responses ( M = 56.73%, SD = 0.21) was significantly higher than 50%. In Study 2, 118 female students ( M age = 19.4 years, SD = 1.6) completed the same task. The results indicated that the accuracy of women’s performance was nearly 50%. These preliminary findings suggest that men are better able to identify women’s voices during menstruation than women. Future work could consider several significant variables for the purpose of validating the results.
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Kpodo, Lebene, Matilda Aberese-Ako, Wisdom Kudzo Axame, Martin Adjuik, and Margaret Gyapong. "Socio-cultural factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and menstrual hygiene practices among Junior High School adolescent girls in the Kpando district of Ghana: A mixed method study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): e0275583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275583.
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Background Good menstrual hygiene practice is critical to the health of adolescent girls and women. In Ghanaian public schools, the School Health Education Program which includes menstrual health education has been instituted to equip adolescents with knowledge on menstruation and its related good hygiene practices. However, in most communities, menstruation is scarcely discussed openly due to mostly negative social and religious beliefs about menstruation. In this study, we examined socio-cultural factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and menstrual hygiene practices among Junior High School adolescent girls in the Kpando Municipality of Ghana. Materials and methods A mixed method approach was employed with 480 respondents. A survey was conducted among 390 adolescent girls using interviewer-administered questionnaires to collect data on knowledge of menstruation and menstrual hygiene practices. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) using a discussion guide were conducted among 90 respondents in groups of 9 members. The FGD was used to collect data on socio-cultural beliefs and practices regarding menstruation. Descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Results Most (80%) of the study participants had good knowledge of menstruation. Also, most (82%) of the participants practiced good menstrual hygiene. Attending a public (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.12–0.48, p<0.001) and rural (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21–0.75, p<0.01) school was significantly associated with reduced odds of practicing good menstrual hygiene. Good knowledge of menstruation was associated with increased odds of good hygiene practices (AOR = 4.31, 95% CI = 2.39–7.90, p<0.001). Qualitative results showed that teachers provided adolescents with more detailed biological information on menstruation than key informants (family members) did at menarche. However, both teachers and family members spoke positively of menstruation to adolescent girls. Social and religious beliefs indicate that menstruation is evil and unclean. Such beliefs influenced community members’ attitudes towards adolescent girls and led to practices such as isolating menstruating girls and limiting their ability to interact and participate in certain community and religious activities. Conclusion Despite the prominence of negative social and religious beliefs about menstruation, good menstrual hygiene practice was high among study participants. Knowledge of menstruation; place of residents; and type of school were the major factors associated with good menstrual hygiene practice. It is therefore, necessary to intensify the School Health Education Program in both rural and urban public and intensively involve private schools as well to ensure equal access to accurate information on menstruation and good menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent girls.
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Dogra, T. D., Antoon A. Leenaars, Ravi Raintji, Sanjeev Lalwani, Shalini Girdhar, Susanne Wenckstern, and David Lester. "Menstruation and Suicide: An Exploratory Study." Psychological Reports 101, no. 2 (October 2007): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.430-434.
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Previous research has reported mixed findings on the effect of the menstrual cycle on suicidal behavior. The contribution of menstruation to completed suicide is also controversial, though the studies are very limited and have not been carefully designed. To explore the relationship, 217 autopsies on completed suicides were performed, matched to a control group at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi. The results show that 54.46% of people who died by suicide were menstruating (results excluded pregnancies), compared to 6.75% of the control group. Menstruation in those who completed suicide, compared to a control group, appeared to have an association with suicide. More research is warranted.
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Ghimire, Labanya Devi. "Exploring Menstrual Hygiene: A Comprehensive Study of Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices among Higher Secondary Girl Students at Baneshwor Multiple Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal (2023)." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v6i4.62007.
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Introduction: Even though menstruation is a natural process, adolescent girls face various challenges including lack of knowledge, misperceptions, taboos and restrictions related to practices. The school and college environment can play a greater role in alleviating these issues by creating favorable conditions for dignified menstruation to girl students. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, perceptions and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among higher secondary girl students of the Baneshwor Multiple Campus (BMC) in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire collecting data from 106 higher secondary girl students. Descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used in data analysis. Results: All 106 girl students answered the normal monthly bleeding as the meaning of menstruation while the majority (98.1%) answered the normal body process as the cause of menstruation. Majority respondents (88.7%) reported to have knowledge about Chhapaudi but some (12.3%) still considered it as a legal tradition. Large majority of the girl students still followed menstrual restrictions with visiting temple (83%) and attending religious events (61.3%) being most common. Two-third students (65.1%) were unable to focus on study in campus when menstruating. Majority of students (71.7%) used disposable sanitary pads during their last menstruation but more than two-third (69.8%) reported of not being able to change it as often as liked in campus. Nearly half of girl students (43.45%) missed campus due to menstruation in the last three months with main reasons cited as pain, fear of leakage and tiredness. While half of students (49.1%) affirmed of sanitary materials being provided by campus management but only one-third (33%) of them reported it to be adequate. Conclusion: Knowledge regarding the meaning and cause of menstruation was nearly universal among higher secondary girl students of BMC. Some regarded the curse of god as the cause of menstruation and Chaupadi as a legal tradition while majority still followed menstrual restrictions one or other types, suggesting the need to raise awareness for breaking taboos and stigma surrounding menstruation. Supply of disposable sanitary pads was reported to be inadequate and one-third were unable to focus on study in campus during menstruation, suggesting improved supply of materials and menstruation-friendly environment in campus.
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Maharani, Riri, and Weni Andryani. "Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Personal Hygiene Saat Menstruasi pada Santriwati di MTs Pondok Pesantren Dar El Hikmah Kota Pekanbaru." KESMARS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, Manajemen dan Administrasi Rumah Sakit 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/kesmars.v1i1.172.
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Someone is said to have a personal Hygiene well if that person can keep their body hygiene including skin, teeth, and mouth hygiene, nose hair, ears, legs and nails seta genetalia equipment, one of genitalia tool maintenance can be done on young women during menstruation. Based on the initial survey at MTs Darul Hikmah Pekanbaru from 15 menstruating santriwati, 10 of them did not know about personal hygiene during menstruation, due to not hygiene during menstruation, they tend not to behave hygiene. This study aims to determine the behavior of personal hygiene during menstruation at santriwati in MTs Pondok Pasentren Dar EL Hikmah Pekanbaru City. This research method is quantitative research by using cross sectional. The sample of this research is 148 santriwati class VII and VIII in MTs Darul Hikmah Pekanbaru City. The sampling technique is propability sampling. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis with chi-square test, measuring instrument used is questionnaire and data processing using computerization The result showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (Pvalue = 0,002 with POR = 4,043), attitude (Pvalue = 0,000 with POR = 5,659), source of information (Pvalue = 0,000 with POR = 5,826), role of health worker (Pvalue = 0.001 with POR = 4,451), the role of teacher (Pvalue = 0.001 with POR = 4,200), culture (Pvalue = 0.002 with POR = 3.893) with personal hygiene during menstruation. It is advisable to develop cooperation with related health agencies that enable Dar EL Hikmah Pasentren Pondok to provide healthcare professionals who are competent in the health field.
Keywords:Personal hygiene, menstruation, santriwati
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Santra, Sutanuka. "Assessment of knowledge regarding menstruation and practices related to maintenance of menstrual hygiene among the women of reproductive age group in a slum of Kolkata, West Bengal, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 3 (February 22, 2017): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170744.
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Background: Menstruation is a normal biological process and a key sign of reproductive health. Unfortunately, the taboo surrounding menstruation prevents women from articulating their needs. There is lack of awareness on the process of menstruation and hygienic management of the same. So, the problem of poor menstrual hygiene still persists in society. Objectives: 1) To elicit the knowledge regarding menstruation among the women of reproductive age group 2) To find out the practice of menstrual hygiene among them.Methods: A community based, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at Baghbazar slum, Kolkata. A total of 160 menstruating women of the age group between 15-45 years were included. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results: Only 32 women (20%) had idea before menarche regarding menstruation. 65% women used only sanitary pad and 30% used only cloth pieces where as 5% used both pad and cloth piece. Prevalence of sanitary pad use was significantly higher among those aged <25 years (p<0.05). With increasing literacy status as well as socio economic status, use of sanitary pad was also found to be increased and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). About 42% of the cloth piece users reused cloth piece. All those, who reused cloth pieces, washed the used cloth pieces with soap and water and 50% of them dried those under sunlight. All the women practised some kind of restriction during menstruation. About 4% individuals did not take regular bath during their bleeding period. Some women (37.5%) suffered from reproductive tract infection during or just after menstruation. Most of the study subjects (95.6%) disposed used napkins in municipal vat.Conclusions: Awareness should be increased regarding maintenance of good menstrual hygiene through health education programme.
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Zelman, Cynthia M. "Our Menstruation." Feminist Studies 17, no. 3 (1991): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3178282.
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Kennett, Deborah J., Fergal T. O’Hagan, and Tanya J. Meyerhoff. "Managing Menstruation." Western Journal of Nursing Research 38, no. 5 (December 27, 2015): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945915620055.
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Skultans, Videa S. "Vicarious menstruation." Social Science & Medicine 21, no. 6 (January 1985): 713–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(85)90211-4.
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Blanks, Andrew M., and Jan J. Brosens. "Meaningful menstruation." BioEssays 35, no. 5 (April 12, 2013): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.201300022.
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Sukanya L and Roshinidevi Baskaran. "Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls in Thandalam, Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 1703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4358.
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The topic of menstrual hygiene has been highly stigmatised in India due to which girls tend to lack awareness regarding various scientific and practical aspects of menstruation. This lack of awareness among adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene can lead to negative impacts on their reproductive health. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among school-going adolescent girls. A cross-sectional study using a pre-validated questionnaire was conducted among 168 adolescent school-going girls and found that only 37.3% of the study participants were aware of menstruation before attaining menarche. Only 25.3% of study participants either slept or ate separately from their family members while menstruating. All participants were using sanitary pads and disposed of them after usage indicating no reuse. Proper wrapping and disposal of pads in closed garbage bins was followed by 97% of study participants. A significant association between awareness of the cause of menstruation and the higher class of study was established. Though knowledge about menstruation before attaining menarche is meagre, the practices and attitude regarding were reasonable compared to other studies, mainly attributed to awareness and help received after menarche.
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Lv, Chenyu, Ofir Turel, and Qinghua He. "The Onset of Menstruation and Social Networking Site Use in Adolescent Girls: The Mediating Role of Body Mass Index." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 9942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199942.
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Evidence suggests that girls spend much time on social networking sites (SNS), often more than boys do. It has been proposed that this may have to do with sex-based differences in the need and approaches for socialization. We posit that adolescent girls are also unique in that they are developing physiologically and start menstruating. Based on prior research, we hypothesize that the onset of menstruation can drive physiological changes (increased body mass index (BMI)), which together with common behavioral–psychological (social and emotional) responses to menstruation can contribute to an increase in SNS use. We therefore aim to test whether BMI partially mediates the relationship between menstruation and SNS use in adolescent girls. Results based on a large nationally representative sample in the United Kingdom suggest that the age of menarche was negatively associated with daily hours of SNS use, and that BMI elevation partially mediated this association. These results extend the negative effects of the early onset of menstruation and imply that BMI control strategies may help to reduce the use of SNS in girls who experience menarche at an earlier age.
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Dahmoun, M., K. Boman, S. Cajander, P. Westin, and T. Bäckström. "Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Sex Hormone Receptors in Superficial Parts of Human Endometrium at the End of the Secretory Phase1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 84, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 1737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.5.5706.
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Apoptosis with one regulator, Bcl-2, and proliferation with the marker Ki-67 were studied in 75 endometrial biopsies representing superficial parts of endometrium from 35 regularly menstruating women premenstrually and menstrually. Hormonal withdrawal was studied in serum samples and potentiated in epithelium by the decreasing 17β-estradiol and progesterone receptor scores 4 days premenstrually. The apoptotic index increased 2 days before the onset of menstruation and peaked on the second menstrual day. The high apoptotic index together with low proliferation in endometrial epithelium at the end of the menstrual cycle are similar to the involution process seen in other hormone-dependent organs. In stroma, the apo-ptotic index increased later, at the onset of menstruation, and the increase was lower than that in epithelium. The Ki-67 index increased during the last 3 days of the secretory phase, parallel with an increasing progesterone receptor score and decreasing Bcl-2 staining, and peaked at the onset of menstruation. The findings in stroma concur with high proliferation at the end of the menstrual cycle and high cell turnover during menstruation, suggesting the participation of stroma in the renewal process of endometrium.
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S., Pramodha M., and Shashirekha H. D. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of menstrual hygiene among adolescent schoolgirls of rural area, Dakshina Kannada, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211492.
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Background: Adolescent girls constitute a vulnerable group not only with respect to their social status but also in relation to their health. Menstruation is accompanied by a cultural taboo in almost every society in the world. Although very common issue of everyday of life, menstruation is associated with many menstruations negative attitude in young girls. The young population is seen to be trapped and confused due to the different schools of thoughts at home and the outer world. This indicates an urgency to investigate girls, menstrual needs, to inform effective responses and educate them about the right strategies of menstrual hygiene, attitudes and practices. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices about menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls from rural areas of Dakshina Kannada.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted from January 2020 to February 2020 among 130 secondary schools and high school girls of rural area of Dakshina Kannada, using predesigned questionnaire after obtaining informed consent.Results: In our study, most of the students had attained menarche by 12yrs of age. 86.15% were lacking primary knowledge about menstruation, and 80% of our participants had good knowledge about cleanliness of undergarments, and 65% of students knew that menstruation was a physiological phenomenon and 71% of the participants, still believed in the taboos and myths associated with menses and 30% were shy about carrying sanitary products to school. 63.85% participants still used cloth and most worrisome finding of our study is that 63% of our students did not feel comfortable to approach their family/elders/health care workers to solve their queries about menstruation.Conclusions: The study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude & practices of the adolescents regarding menstruation and menstrual hygiene. The low level of knowledge among participants is evident from their unpreparedness while entering menarche and their strong views of menstruation as social taboo can be judged from their various restrictions, owing to such strong socio-cultural beliefs and practices. Group discussions, media campaigns, sex education in schools are required to overcome taboo associated with menstruation.
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Morrison, Joanna, Machhindra Basnet, Anju Bhatt, Sangeeta Khimbanjar, Sandhya Chaulagain, Nepali Sah, Sushil Baral, Therese Mahon, and Marian Hodgkin. "Girls’ Menstrual Management in Five Districts of Nepal: Implications for Policy and Practice." Studies in Social Justice 12, no. 2 (December 29, 2018): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v12i2.1623.
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Discriminatory practices related to menstruation affect the social, mental and physical wellbeing of girls in many low-and middle-income countries. We conducted mixed methods research in five districts of Nepal to explore how menstruation affected girls’ ability to fully participate in school and community life. We conducted 860 structured interviews, 26 group interviews and 10 focus group discussions with schoolgirls in rural areas,14 semi-structured interviews with girls’ mothers, and 10 interviews with health teachers. Girls in all districts experienced social, material and information barriers to confident menstrual management. Menstrual blood was believed to carry diseases, and girls’ movement was restricted to contain ritual pollution and protect them from illness, spirit possession, and sexual experiences. Taboos prevented girls from worshipping in temples or in their home, and some girls were not allowed to enter the kitchen, or sleep in their home while menstruating. Teachers and parents felt unprepared to answer questions about menstruation and focused on the maintenance of restrictions. Teachers and students were embarrassed discussing menstruation in school and classes were not question-driven or skills-based. Gender disaggregated teaching of menstruation and engagement of health facility staff may have positive effects. Community participatory approaches that engage girls, their families and the wider community are necessary to address harmful cultural practices. Cross-sectoral approaches to provide clean, private, safe spaces for girls and increased availability of preferred materials could enable confident menstrual management.
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Kakati, Nilam. "An Inquiry into the Role of Women in Pre-Ahom and Ahom Society with Special Focus on the Institution of Kamakhya." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.3.2.15.
Full textAbstract:
The role of women in Pre- Ahom and Ahom society could be regarded in the broader environment within the ambit of sacred space dedicated to them. Kamakhya temple, situated near Guwahati, Assam is the most profound illustration of the sacred space of women. It is celebrated as one of the renowned centres of Tantra in India in general and Assam in particular. It has established itself not only as an eminent Tantric centre but also as a menstruating Goddess. However, menstruation has been treated as a taboo since the earliest times in various religious texts. It represented the image of impurity and pollution and was dubbed as hot and dangerous. However, in Kamakhya temple, annual menstruation of the goddess is celebrated as a festival. In June every year, Ambubachi Mela represents one of the chief celebrations of the temple. The paper attempts to analyze the theme of menstruation, placing it in the border context of Kamakhya. The article also highlights the unrestricted movement of women in the pre- Ahom and Ahom society owing to its characteristics of the tribal bearing. The study claims that the inherent dichotomy of pure-impure, auspicious- inauspicious becomes unfitting in the case of Kamakhya and her annual menstruation festival. This specifics could pave the way to identify the theme of menstruation as a lone entity beyond the dichotomy which might aid in offering a fresh understanding of the same. The study employs the mixed methodology of hermeneutics and feminist theology.
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Rahma, Dhafa Rifiona, and Ristiono Ristiono. "Hubungan Pengetahuan tentang Menstruasi dengan Perilaku Kesehatan Peserta Didik SMAN 2 Padang untuk Mengantisipasi Dismenorea Primer." ISLAMIKA 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36088/islamika.v5i2.3029.
Full textAbstract:
Students felt various complaints during menstruation, ranging from emotional ups and downs, dizziness and physical discomfort that interfered with daily activities such as lower abdominal pain, namely dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain in the lower abdomen that is felt by almost some women who are menstruating. The behavior experienced by students when they feel menstrual pain is related to the actions taken in seeking healing and anticipation before the pain interferes with activities. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge about menstruation and health behavior of students to anticipate primary dysmenorrhea. This type of research is a correlational descriptive research. The instruments used in this study were a knowledge test about menstruation and a health behavior questionnaire to anticipate primary dysmenorrhea. The population of this study were all female students of Class XI MIPA at SMAN 2 Padang. The research sample was 50 people using a purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it is known that the relationship between knowledge about menstruation and health behavior of students to anticipate primary dysmenorrhea is included in the sufficient category with a value of r = 0.441; with a tcount coefficient of 3.404 greater than the ttable coefficient of 2.01063. So, t count > t table so it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of knowledge about menstruation and the health behavior of Class XI SMAN 2 Padang students to anticipate primary dysmenorrhea.
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Kurniawati, Eighty Mardiyan, Nur Anisah Rahmawati, Cahyani Tiara Safitri, and Safa Salsabila Hanum. "Informational and instrumental support related to menstruation: adolescents’ perspective." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i4.21806.
Full textAbstract:
<div align="center">Adolescent girls can experience puberty and menstruation in their school environment, especially when they decide to study in a boarding school for girls. The study aimed to describe the adolescent perception of informational and instrumental support related to menstruation. The descriptive study was conducted at a single institution-boarding school for girls in East Java, Indonesia. There were 236 students in junior high school were asked to fill out a questionnaire. Absenteeism due to menstruation was experienced by 35 students with 1-2 days of absence. In terms of informational support, more than 50% of students received information related to menstruation from their teachers. The school did not provide materials on menstrual hygiene on the toilet walls. In terms of instrumental support, most adolescents reported that clean water was available but soap for washing hands was not always available. Closed trash cans and access to a sanitary pad are available. According to most of the adolescents, the latrines in their school were easy to clean, but there were still around 10% who stated that the latrines were difficult to clean. Schools need to evaluate and improve support for students who are menstruating at school. Teachers' knowledge of reproductive health is a major concern.</div>