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1
Williamsson, Frida. "Physical and psychosocial effects related to sleep inchildren with neurodevelopmental disorders : A study of the relationship between motor proficiency, sleep efficiency and possible influencing factors." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60387.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between sleep patterns, motor proficiency and commonly co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders in children, attitude to physical activity, mental health, and age. The study also looked at differences in sleep efficiency, as well as, perceived adequacy in physical activity between typically developing children and children with low motor proficiency. The sample consisted of 127 participants, 6-12 years old living in Perth, Western Australia. 51% participants were considered typically developing and 49% to have low motor proficiency. Motor proficiency, indications of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder and anxiety/depression, adequacy in, or predilection for physical activity did not show a relationship to sleep efficiency. Significant differences between groups in sleep efficiency or adequacy in physical activity were not found. No interaction effect of neurodevelopmental disorders were identified. Sleep in children with movement impairments caused by neurodevelopmental disorders is an area where continued studies are of great importance. Although no relationship was identified in the current study, previous research has suggested sleep may play an important role for development and optimal everyday functioning. A better understanding of physical and psychological consequences and possible contributing factors of low motor proficiency in childhood is important as the risk of long-term dysfunction in emotional, cognitive and physical areas may be reduced in an optimal environment.
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Richards, Justin A. "Evaluating the impact of a sport-for-development intervention on the physical and mental health of young adolescents in Gulu, Uganda - a post-conflict setting within a low-income country." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9632dcfc-94e6-45ac-a4c1-ad63113f9b59.
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Introduction: Physical inactivity is thought to contribute to the emergence of non-communicable diseases in post-conflict settings of low-income countries. Sport-for-development (SfD) organisations in these regions claim to improve the health of programme participants. However, there is a paucity of supporting evidence. I assessed the impact of a voluntary community-based SfD intervention on the physical activity (PA), physical fitness (PF) and mental health (MH) of adolescents in Gulu, Uganda. Methods: The Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument (APAI), standing broad jump (SBJ), multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) and BMI-for-age (BFA) were adapted to the local context. I tested their feasibility and reliability with a repeat-measures design (n=70). A cross-sectional analysis of a random sample was used to assess the local needs and establish the PF and MH of the adolescents reached by the intervention (n=1464). This was also the baseline assessment for the impact evaluation. It comprised a randomised control trial (n=144) nested within a cohort study (n=1400) and triangulated by cross-sectional assessment of PA using accelerometry (n=54). Results: The adapted PF and MH measures demonstrated good intra-tester reliability (ICC>0.75). Adolescents in Gulu predominantly had “healthy” BFA (>90%). They performed better than global norms for the SBJ (p<0.001), but worse for the MSFT (p<0.05). The girls who registered for the intervention had higher PF at baseline (p<0.05) and experienced no significant benefits when compared to the community. The aerobic capacity of the boys intervention group increased relative to the community (p<0.01), but was not significantly different to the trial control group whose PF also improved. The PA results concurred with this finding. Boys in the intervention group experienced a deterioration in MH relative to their peers (p<0.05). Implications: It is feasible to apply rigorous evaluation methods to SfD interventions. Although adolescents in Gulu have poor aerobic capacity, a voluntary programme may not reach those at risk. Interpreting the impact evaluation was limited by a lack of programme development theory, but suggested that opportunities for non-competitive play may confer PF benefit without harming MH. Further investigation is warranted.
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Höll, Tanya. "The effect of a water activity intervention programme on the motor proficiency levels of institutionalized children with Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome / Tanya Höll." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/248.
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Mental retardation is a heterogeneous group of disorders with countless causes. It is
characterised by cognitive and functional limitations in everyday skills, for example
social skills, communication skills and motor skills and can be classified in behavioural,
etiological and educational systems. Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome are
two of the many syndromes defined under mental retardation. The goal of this
dissertation was to determine the effect of a water activity intervention programme on the
motor proficiency levels of children with Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome. These aims were addressed by structuring the dissertation in five chapters:
Chapter one constituting the introduction and statement of the problem, Chapter 2
presenting a review of relevant literature, Chapters 3 and 4 consisting of two research
articles, addressing the specific aims of the study, and Chapter 5 including the summary,
conclusions and recommendations.
All the children who participated in the study were intuitionalized in a school for the
mentally and physically handicapped. The MABC-test was used as the main evaluation
instrument, and components of the Charlop-Atwell test were used to evaluate the
coordination skills of the children with Down's syndrome.
The first aim of this study was to determine the effect of a specially designed water
activity intervention programme on the motor proficiency levels of children with Down's
syndrome. Six children classified as having Down's syndrome, formed part of the
research group. Their chronological age ranged between 9 and 14 years while their
mental age classification was that of a 4 to 5 year old. The data was analysed by means
Summary
of descriptive statistics, and effect sizes were determined. The second aim of the study
was to determine the effect of a water activity intervention programme on the motor
proficiency levels of children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Six children participated in
the programme. Their chronological age ranged between 7 and 17 years while their
mental age classification was that of a 4 to 11 year old. Reporting the results were in the
form of case studies, and effect sizes of differences were determined.
With regard to the first aim of the study the results indicated that the motor proficiency
levels of the experimental group with Down's syndrome improved, especially regarding
the MABC-total, balance- and total body coordination skills.
With reference to the second aim of the study, the results indicated that improvement in
the motor proficiency levels of the children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome had a lasting
effect. The MABC total, ball skills and manual dexterity were the components that
showed the best improvement.
It can be concluded that a water activity intervention programme is a suitable method for
rectifying motor deficiencies among children with Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome.
Recommendations for the improvement of the water activity programme were presented,
as well as suggestions for further studies.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Leão, Teresa Saraiva. "Mental and physical health among first-generation and second-generation immigrants in Sweden /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-812-6/.
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Westman, Jeanette. "Aspects of mental and physical health in immigrants in Sweden : an epidemiological study /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-813-4/.
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Ströhle, Andreas, Michael Höfler, Hildegard Pfister, et al. "Physical activity and prevalence and incidence of mental disorders in adolescents and young adults." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103714.
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Background: Although positive effects of physical activity on mental health indicators have been reported, the relationship between physical activity and the development of specific mental disorders is unclear.
Method: A cross-sectional (12-month) and prospective-longitudinal epidemiological study over 4 years in a community cohort of 2548 individuals, aged 14–24 years at outset of the study. Physical activity and mental disorders were assessed by the DSM-IV Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) with an embedded physical activity module. Multiple logistic regression analyses controlling for age, gender and educational status were used to determine the cross-sectional and prospective associations of mental disorders and physical activity.
Results: Cross-sectionally, regular physical activity was associated with a decreased prevalence of any and co-morbid mental disorder, due to lower rates of substance use disorders, anxiety disorders and dysthymia. Prospectively, subjects with regular physical activity had a substantially lower overall incidence of any and co-morbid mental disorder, and also a lower incidence of anxiety, somatoform and dysthymic disorder. By contrast, the incidence of bipolar disorder was increased among those with regular physical activity at baseline. In terms of the population attributable fraction (PAF), the potential for preventive effects of physical activity was considerably higher for men than for women.
Conclusions: Regular physical activity is associated with a substantially reduced risk for some, but not all, mental disorders and also seems to reduce the degree of co-morbidity. Further examination of the evidently complex mechanisms and pathways underlying these associations might reveal promising new research targets and procedures for targeted prevention.
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Ströhle, Andreas, Michael Höfler, Hildegard Pfister, et al. "Physical activity and prevalence and incidence of mental disorders in adolescents and young adults." Cambridge University Press, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26465.
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Background: Although positive effects of physical activity on mental health indicators have been reported, the relationship between physical activity and the development of specific mental disorders is unclear.
Method: A cross-sectional (12-month) and prospective-longitudinal epidemiological study over 4 years in a community cohort of 2548 individuals, aged 14–24 years at outset of the study. Physical activity and mental disorders were assessed by the DSM-IV Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) with an embedded physical activity module. Multiple logistic regression analyses controlling for age, gender and educational status were used to determine the cross-sectional and prospective associations of mental disorders and physical activity.
Results: Cross-sectionally, regular physical activity was associated with a decreased prevalence of any and co-morbid mental disorder, due to lower rates of substance use disorders, anxiety disorders and dysthymia. Prospectively, subjects with regular physical activity had a substantially lower overall incidence of any and co-morbid mental disorder, and also a lower incidence of anxiety, somatoform and dysthymic disorder. By contrast, the incidence of bipolar disorder was increased among those with regular physical activity at baseline. In terms of the population attributable fraction (PAF), the potential for preventive effects of physical activity was considerably higher for men than for women.
Conclusions: Regular physical activity is associated with a substantially reduced risk for some, but not all, mental disorders and also seems to reduce the degree of co-morbidity. Further examination of the evidently complex mechanisms and pathways underlying these associations might reveal promising new research targets and procedures for targeted prevention.
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Bota, Jordache Dumitru. "Development of the Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool (OMSAT)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6668.
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The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a psychometric instrument called the Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool (OMSAT), which attempted to determine the relative importance of mental skills required to achieve levels of excellence in sport performance. A review of the literature of sport psychology experts Anshel, (1987); Mahoney, (1989); Mahoney, Gabriel & Perkins, (1987); Orlick (1980, 1986, 1992); Seiler, (1992) and Vealey, (1988) was completed and served as the basis for the creation of the OMSAT questionnaire. The questionnaire was initially comprised of 14 scales including a total of 113 questions. The 14 scales were further divided into five major areas: (1) Foundation Skills (commitment, belief); (2) Affective Skills (stress reactions, fear, relaxing, energizing); (3) Cognitive Skills (goal-setting, imagery, mental practice, focus, refocus); (4) Competition Skills (simulation, competition planning); and (5) Team dynamics. The OMSAT questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 486 subjects who were divided into three groups based on their gender, sport discipline and athletic level of achievement. Following statistical analyses (i.e., internal consistency, frequency item distribution) of every question, a new condensed version of the OMSAT was formulated. This new version was comprised of 71 questions within 12 scales. Results of the condensed version of the OMSAT demonstrated high levels of internal consistency (alpha levels above.78), and acceptable levels of test-retest reliability (r levels above.63). Mean score differences indicated that elite athletes scored higher than competitive athletes, who in turn, scored higher than recreational athletes in nearly all of the OMSAT scales. Overall, the OMSAT appears to provide a potentially useful assessment and diagnostic tool for both understanding, and potentially, counselling athletes of different ability levels.
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Chivers, Clare. "Disorders of sex development : developmental challenges and mothers' experiences of support." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2014. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12845/.
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An increasing body of research has sought to determine the impact of Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) on the family of the affected child. Little is currently understood about the support needs of the family and how well these needs are met. With a focus on mothers as primary caregivers, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse semi-structured interviews with eight mothers of children with DSD about their experiences of support. Four master themes emerged which encapsulated the stages in their child’s development when mothers most needed support, the importance of developing an understanding of the child’s condition, the lack of an acknowledgement of the emotional needs of the parent, and the importance of having close and trusted networks for support. Continuity and availability of support were considered important and while all participants prioritised maintaining privacy about the condition, a minority felt that this impacted on the level of support they received. Key periods of time for support were identified and while some felt that they were well supported others felt that their support did not meet their emotional needs. The results were discussed in light of previous research, and the clinical implications considered.
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O'Connell, Christine. "Integrating physical and psychological wellbeing in child health." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/15004/.
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Research shows that the integration of physical and mental healthcare in paediatric settings is beneficial in terms of clinical and cost effectiveness (Kahana, Drotar, & Frazier, 2008; Douglas & Benson 2008, Griffin & Christie, 2008). Due to the high rates of mental health problems within this population, several studies have shown that referral to paediatric psychology should be increased (e.g. Wagner & Smith, 2007). However, there are few studies investigating factors influencing healthcare professionals’ referral behaviour. The current study used theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1988; 1991) to develop a questionnaire which explores factors influencing the referral of children and families to paediatric psychology. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were examined. Findings indicate that the questionnaire holds good reliability and validity and that the main constructs of theory of planned behaviour are useful in predicting intention to refer to paediatric psychology. Specific beliefs about referral were also shown to influence intention to refer. Findings that individual referrer factors such as attitudes and beliefs can impact healthcare professionals’ referral behaviour indicates that multidisciplinary interventions and inter-professional education relating to the psychological aspects of illness are required. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Brandt, Katarina, and Sara Loelv. "Experiences of Barriers and Facilitators for Physical Activity from People with Mental Disorders who Participated in a Physical Activity Project : - An Interview Study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175003.
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Experiences of Barriers and Facilitators for Physical Activity from People with Mental Disorders who Participated in a Physical Activity Project - An Interview Study Purpose: To explore the experiences regarding perceived barriers and facilitators for physical activity of three participants with mental disorders who took part in the Norwegian Physical Activity Mentor project. Design and methods: Descriptive qualitative design. Individual semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Data from the interviews was used in two separate bachelor theses, written by Swedish and Norwegian physiotherapy students. This cooperation was part of the NordPlus Higher Education Program Joint Physiotherapy Education in Bachelor Thesis Module. Qualitative content analysis was used in processing the data. Findings: Perceived barriers for physical activity were: mental disorder symptoms, antipsychotics, undertaking physical activity independently and physical experiences. Perceived facilitators for physical activity were: positive mental effects, intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors, goal setting and routine. The experiences from the Physical Activity Mentor project, including the possibility of self-selected activities, were mainly positive. The support provided by the physical activity mentor was an important facilitator. Conclusion: Disease-related problems were perceived as barriers for physical activity. The most important perceived facilitator for physical activity was mental benefits from being physically active. External support from a physical activity mentor might facilitate physical activity for psychiatric outpatients. Key words: mental disorder, physical activity, barriers, facilitators, mentor<br>NordPlus Higher Education Program Joint Physiotherapy Education in Bachelor Thesis Module
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Baharnoori, Moogeh. "The adverse effects of maternal infection on brain development-implications for neuropsychiatric disorders." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110561.
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Animal models of complex heterogeneous disorders such as schizophrenia and autism are very valuable paradigms to understand etiological and patholphysiological mechanisms underlying the disorders, as well as to test novel therapeutics strategies. Based on the hypothesis that these disorders may have origins in aberrant brain development, neurodevelopmental animal models involving manipulations of environment during sensitive prenatal period have been extensively used. Epidemiological studies have confirmed an association between bacterial and viral infections during pregnancy and the higher incidence of schizophrenia and autism in the offspring. A number of animal models of maternal infection and immune activation have been established to show behavioural and neurochemical abnormalities in the adult offspring exposed to infection during prenatal life. My PhD thesis was designed to evaluate the extent to which prenatal infection at mid pregnancy precipitates structural, behavioural and cellular changes during postnatal brain development. To do so, I used a well-established rat model of immune activation by administration of lipopolysaccaride (LPS) at mid gestation. First, I assessed morphology of pyramidal neurons in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus at neonatal, pre and post pubertal ages. Our result showed significant structural changes in both regions starting at very early postnatal days, with some of the changes persisting through adulthood. Next, I examined the potential effects of prenatal immune activation on neonatal behaviour and maternal bonding in the neonate offspring using a standard battery of behavioural tests. Our observation of an attenuation in maternal attachment, communicative behaviours and associative learning as result of prenatal LPS treatment is relevant to the behaviours reported in autism and premorbid phase of schizophrenia. Using this model we further demonstrated that prenatal LPS treatment leads to pre and post pubertal alterations in the development of mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic system. More specifically, I found a decrease in dopamine receptor-2 (D2R) expression in the GABAergic interneurons in the mPFC may be neuronal substrate for cognitive dysfunction already reported in prenatal infections models. Lastly, we found that while basic anxiety-like behaviour at pre pubertal age was similar between prenatal LPS and control offspring, , LPS treated offspring showed attenuated anxiety response in more stressful environments. These observations highlight that prenatal immune activation is involved in the control of emotionality at pre pubertal ages which might be relevant to behavioral reactivity reported in young individuals susceptible to neuropsychiatric disorders. Taken together, the data in my thesis have confirmed that prenatal LPS treatment is capable of inducing important morphological, behavioral and neurochemical changes in the brain of offspring some of them starting at early ages during postnatal life.<br>Les modèles animaux de troubles complexes hétérogènes comme la schizophrénie et l'autisme sont des paradigmes très précieux pour comprendre les mécanismes étiologiques de ceux troubles, ainsi que de tester de nouveaux traitements. Basé sur l'hypothèse que ces troubles peuvent avoir des origines dans le développement des cerveaux aberrants, des modèles animaux neurodéveloppementaux impliquant des manipulations de l'environnement pendant la période prénatale sensibles ont été largement utilisés. Des études épidémiologiques ont confirmé une association entre les infections bactériennes et virales pendant la grossesse et l'incidence plus élevée de la schizophrénie et l'autisme chez les enfants. Un certain nombre de modèles animaux d'infection maternelle et l'activation immunitaire ont été mis en place pour montrer des anomalies comportementales et neurochimiques dans la progéniture adulte exposée à l'infection pendant la vie prénatale. Ma thèse de doctorat a été conçue pour évaluer la mesure dans laquelle prénatale infection à la grossesse précipite des changements structurels, comportementaux et cellulaires durant le développement du cerveau postnatal. Pour ce faire, j'ai utilisé un modèle de rat bien établi de l'activation immunitaire par l'administration de lipopolysaccaride (LPS) à la gestation mi. D'abord, j'ai évalué la morphologie des neurones pyramidaux du cortex préfrontal (mPFC) et de l'hippocampe au nouveau-né, pré et post-pubertaire âges. Notre résultat a montré des changements structurels importants dans les deux régions à partir de très tôt jours après la naissance, avec certaines des modifications persistantes à l'âge adulte. Notre observation d'une atténuation de l'attachement maternel, les comportements communicatifs et d'apprentissage associatif, comme résultat du traitement LPS prénatale est pertinente pour les comportements rapportés dans l'autisme et la phase prémorbide de la schizophrénie. En utilisant ce modèle nous avons encore démontré que le traitement prénatal LPS conduit à des altérations pré et post pubères dans le développement du système dopaminergique mésolimbique et mésocortical. Plus précisément, j'ai trouvé une diminution de récepteurs de la dopamine-2 (D2R) expression dans les interneurones dans le mPFC peut être substrat neuronal des dysfonctionnements cognitifs déjà rapporté dans des modèles d'infections prénatales.Enfin, nous avons constaté que si l'anxiété de base-comme le comportement à l'âge de la puberté pré était similaire entre les LPS prénatale et la progéniture de contrôle, la progéniture LPS traités ont montré réaction d'anxiété atténué dans des environnements plus stressants. Ces observations mettent en évidence que l'activation prénatale immunitaire est impliqué dans le contrôle des émotions au pré pubères dont les âges pourrait être pertinente pour la réactivité comportementale signalés chez des personnes jeunes sensibles aux troubles neuropsychiatriques. Pris ensemble, les données de ma thèse ont confirmé que le traitement prénatal LPS est capable d'induire d'importants changements morphologiques, comportementales et neurochimiques dans le cerveau de la progéniture certains d'entre eux dès le jeune âge au cours de la vie postnatale.
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Whitcomb-Smith, Stacy. "The Role of Cognitive Factors in the Development of Seasonal Affective Disorder Episodes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/Whitcomb-SmithS2003.pdf.
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Mumford, Blaize. "The development and assessment of a mental training program with young female figure skaters." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7764.
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The present investigation had two purposes. First, to examine whether a group of young competitive figure skaters could effectively learn and use mental training skills taught to them during a mental training program intervention. Second, to examine to what extent the skaters could learn and use the three primary mental training skill components from Orlick's heuristic model of personal excellence (i.e., imagery, focusing, and refocusing). A group of 17 female competitive figure skaters (mean age 13.6 years) were divided into two groups--experimental 1 and experimental 2. Measures used to assess mental skills and trait anxiety were taken on three occasions--pre-test, post-simulation, and follow-up. The measures included both qualitative (short-answer and interview responses) and quantitative (Sport Competition Anxiety Test, Commitment to Sport and Self-Control Scales) methods of assessment. The pre-test measures were taken prior to any subjects receiving the mental training program. The post-simulation measures were taken after a simulated competition when only the experimental group 1 skaters had completed the mental training program. Follow-up measures were taken several months after all skaters (both experimental 1 and experimental 2) had received the mental training. Comparisons done between pre-test and post-simulation measures, and pre-test and follow-up measures were used to assess the effectiveness of the mental training program. Results from the pre-test--post-simulation comparisons showed virtually no change following the experimental group 1 training. Comparisons of the pre-test--follow-up measures did show improvements in the skaters' imagery, focusing and refocusing skills. The discussion examines factors which contributed to the mental training program success, aspects of the program found most useful by the skaters, and gives suggestions for future research in this area.
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McCartney, J. A. "The influence of winter seasonal disorders on the mental and physical health status of individuals within N. Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268576.
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Gutiérrez-Sacristán, Alba 1990. "A Bioinformatics approach to the study of comorbidity : Insight into mental disorders." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664356.
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Estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos muestran que la comorbilidad, la coexistencia de varias enfermedades en un mismo paciente, tiene un gran impacto en la evolución de su estado de salud. Por lo tanto, el análisis de comorbilidades es clave para identificar nuevas estrategias preventivas y terapéuticas, trabajando hacia una medicina más personalizada. Con el fin de aprovechar el potencial del creciente volumen de información de salud disponible en la época del “big data”, esta tesis presenta el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas y recursos para la identificación de patrones de comorbilidad, basados en la información clínica y molecular. Las herramientas comoRbidity y psygenet2r presentados en esta tesis permiten analizar las comorbilidades de forma amplia y completa, y en particular, ofrecen a los usuarios la posibilidad de diseñar su propio estudio de comorbilidad según sus necesidades y especificaciones. Por otra parte, debido al importante papel que juega la información molecular en la interpretación de la causa de comorbilidades y la falta de recursos para recopilar esta información en el área específica de los trastornos mentales, una nueva base de datos, PsyGeNET, se ha desarrollado centrada en las asociaciones gen-enfermedad. En resumen, todas las herramientas desarrolladas en esta tesis, disponibles en el dominio público y aplicadas ya en estudios del campo biomédico, son de gran valor práctico para el análisis de la comorbilidad y puede ayudar a transformar la información clínica en conocimiento que puede ser analizado, interpretado por los investigadores y aplicado para lograr una práctica de la medicina más personalizada.<br>Clinical and epidemiological studies show that comorbidity, the coexistence of disorders in a patient, has a great impact on the evolution of the health status of patients. Therefore, comorbidity analysis is key to identify new preventive and therapeutic strategies, walking through a more personalized medicine. In order to harness the power of the increasing volume of available health information in the era of big data, this thesis presents the development of new tools and resources for the identification of comorbidity patterns, based on the clinical and molecular information. The comoRbidity package and the psygenet2r one presented in this thesis provide an adequately complete and comprehensive analysis of comorbidities and in particular, offer the users the possibility to design their own comorbidity study according to their needs and specifications. Moreover, due to the significant role that plays the molecular information in interpreting the cause of disease comorbidities and the lack of resources to collect that information in the specific area of mental disorders, a new manual curated database, PsyGeNET, focus on gene-disease association has also been developed. In summary, all the tools developed in this thesis, available to the scientific community and already applied to several studies in the biomedical field, are of immense practical value for the comorbidity analysis and can aid to transform clinical information in a form of knowledge that can be analyzed, interpreted by researchers and applied leading overall, to more personalized medicine.
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Tan, Beron Wei Zhong. "The relationship between physical exercise and cognition in children with typical development and neurodevelopmental disorders." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2030.
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This research project sought to investigate the relationship between physical exercise and cognition in children with and without a neurodevelopmental condition. To achieve this aim, three approaches were undertaken to explore the exercise and cognition relationship. The first approach sought to understand the efficacy of exercise interventions on cognition in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder. The second approach was to understand the effectiveness of an exercise activity when compared to a cognitively-engaging tablet game activity on measures of implicit learning and attention in children with and without a neurodevelopmental condition. The third approach was to investigate if psychophysiological measures could account for the cognitive effect observed after exercising in children with and without a neurodevelopmental condition. Taking the approaches together, this research project focused on investigating the efficacy, effect, and mechanism of the exercise-cognition relationship.
To investigate the efficacy of the exercise interventions, a meta-analytic review was conducted on 22 studies from the neurodevelopmental literature. The main findings from this meta-analysis revealed an overall small-to-medium effect size of exercise on cognition, supporting the efficacy of applying exercise interventions to young individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Similar to the general population, physical exercise has been demonstrated to improve some but not all cognitive functions, with some individuals demonstrating no change in cognitive function after exercising.
In terms of the effects of physical exercise, this project conducted an experimental study comparing a moderate-intensity exercise activity with a tablet game activity for a period of 12 minutes in 35 children aged 6-11 years. Overall, the study found that the effect of exercise was comparable to the tablet activity across the reaction time measures, but not on the accuracy performance of the implicit learning and attention tasks. Overall, exercise activity led to a better accuracy performance on implicit learning and executive attention compared to the tablet activity, particularly in children with a neurodevelopmental condition.
The last part of this project was an extension of the experimental study whereby psychophysiological measures were investigated based on a proposed detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). This investigation found that galvanic skin response (GSR), as indexed by its scaling exponent, was related to whether children revealed a change in cognitive function after receiving the exercise activity, particularly on executive attention. Importantly, this relationship was also able to account for children who did not demonstrate a cognitive effect of exercise. This result was not evident in the electroencephalogram (EEG) measures. This investigation concluded that the effect of exercise on executive attention was dependent on the interplay between an individual’s arousal system, cognitive task demand, and the novelty of the exercise activity.
Taking the findings together, this project highlights the importance of individual differences to the exercise and cognition relationship. Specifically, this project demonstrated the feasibility of investigating the scaling exponent, via fractal analysis (e.g., DFA), as an index of individual differences. Additionally, fractal analysis is a valuable tool to assist in further understanding the mechanism underlying the exercise-cognition relationship, particularly on the influence of individual differences
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Mash, Bob. "The development of distance education for general practitioners on common mental disorders through participatory action research." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53100.
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Trautmann, Sebastian. "The consequences of traumatic stress for the development and treatment of mental disorders: Investigating moderating factors." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34917.
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Background: Per definition, traumatic events include exposures to death, threatened death, actual or threatened serious injury, or actual or threatened sexual violence. Exposure to traumatic events is associated with persistent alterations in biological and psychological processes that are involved in the etiology of mental disorders. In fact, traumatic events are associated with a higher risk for various mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders, but also with treatment resistance. Thus, it is crucial to develop early interventions to prevent these adverse trauma-related outcomes. However, existing pharmacological and psychological early intervenions only have a limited efficacy so far. A major reason is that only a minority of trauma-exposed individuals actually develops adverse consequences making universally applied interventions ineffective. Thus, it is crucial to identify moderators of adverse responses to trauma exposure.
Aims: This thesis aimed at (1) providing estimates on the prevelance of traumatic event exposure and trauma-related mental disorders for the general population and high-risk populations and (2) investigating moderators of adverse mental health consequences following traumatic event exposure. The following potential moderators were investigated: (i) the susceptibility to others‘ emotions, (ii) childhood traumas, (iii) biological stress markers and (iv) a specific genetic polymorphism involved in the degradation of monoamines (i.e. MAOA gene). These investigations were conducted with respect to differenct outcomes relevant in the processing of traumatic events including the initial affective and biological reaction, mental disorder symptoms (focusing on PTSD and alcohol use symptoms) and treatment response.
Methods: To answer the research questions, different methods and designs were applied. First, epidemiological data from a national study program in German soldiers deployed to Afghanistan were used. These data included diagnostic interview data as well as biological markers. Second, an experimental study with a randomized trauma analogue design was used to investigate moderators of acute trauma responses. Third, a genetic moderator of trauma effects on treatment response was investigated using data from a multi-center trial of exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy of panic and agoraphobia patients.
Main results: Only a small minority of trauma-exposed individuals develops mental disorders. This also applies to populations with a high risk for multiple and/or severe trauma exposure. The investigations of potential moderators suggeted that individuals with a higher susceptibility to negative emotions of others show a higher stress reactivity after trauma exposure. Males with childhood traumas show a higher increase in alcohol craving after trauma exposure. Moreover, individuals with lower basal cortisol levels have a higher risk of increased PTSD symptoms and alcohol use following trauma exposure. Finally, a subgroup of traumatized female panic disorder patients with the low-active variant of the MAOA gene benefits less from exposure-based psychotherapy.
Conclusions: These findings suggest novel targets for moderating factors and show the relevance of previously discovered moderators in novel contexts. Some of the identified moderators represent promising targets for risk markers before or in the direct aftermath of traumatic event exposure. Further research is needed to comfirm the suggested moderators and to investigate the exact mechanisms involved. Moreover, future studies should aim at integrating findings on different moderators and translate them into effective risk assessments and targeted early interventions.<br>Hintergrund: Traumatische Ereignisse sind definiert als Konfrontation mit tatsächlichem oder droghenden Tod, ernsthafter Verletzung oder sexueller Gewalt. Das Erleben traumatischer Ereignisse ist mit andauernder Veränderungen in biologischen und psychischen Prozesssen assoziiert, welche eine bedeutende Rolle in der Ätiologie psychischer Störungen spielen. Tatsächlich sind traumatische Ereignisse mit einem höheren Risiko für zahlreiche psychische Störungen assoziiert, darunter vor allem die Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) und Substanzstörungen. Zudem zeigen Personen mit traumatischen Erfahrungen häufiger ein schlechteres Ansprechen auf Behandlungen. Die Entwicklung möglichst früher Inteventionen zur Vermeidung dieser Traumafolgen ist somit von großer Bedeutung. Allerdings sind bestehende frühe Interventionen nach traumatischen Eriegnissen bislang nur sehr begrenzt effektiv. Ein wesentlicher Grund hierfür besteht darin, dass überhaupt nur ein kleiner Anteil von traumatisierten Personen negative Folgen entwickelt. Es ist demnach entscheidend, solche Faktoren zu identifizieren, die das Risiko negativer Folgen nach traumatischen Ereignissen moderieren.
Ziele: (1) Darstellung der Prävalenz von traumatischen Ereignissen und trauma-bezogenen psychischen Störungen für die Allgemeinbevölkerung und für spezifische Risikopopulationen, sowie (2) die Untersuchung von Moderatoren negativer Traumafolgen, wobei folgende potenzielle Moderatoren untersucht wurden: (i) die Ansteckbarkeit für die Emotionen anderer, (ii) Kindheitstraumata, (iii) biologische Stressmarker und (iv) ein genetischer Polymorphismus, der beim Abbau von Monoaminen involviert ist (MAOA Gen). Diese Moderatoren wurden in Bezug auf unterschiedliche Outcomes untersucht, welche Aspekte der Verarbeitung traumatischer Ereignisse darstellen: die unmittelbare emotionale und biologische Reaktion, Symptome psychischer Störungen (mit Fokus auf PTBS und Alkoholkonsum) sowie das Ansprechen auf Behandlung.
Methoden: Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellungen wurden verschiedene Methoden und Studiendesigns genutzt. Diese beinhalteten zum einen epidemiologische Daten eines bundesweiten Studienprogramms bei deutschen Soldaten mit Militäreinsatz in Afghanistan. Diese Daten umfassten diagnostische Interviews sowie biologische Stressmarker. Weiterhin wurde eine experimentelle randomisierte Analogstudie durchgeführt, um Moderatoren von initialen Traumareaktionen zu identifizieren. Schließlich wurden Daten einer Multi-Center Therapiestudie bei Patienten mit Paniskstörung und Agoraphobie verwendet, um die Moderation des Effekts vorangegangener Traumatisierung auf den Therapieerfolg durch einen genetischen Faktor (MAOA Gen) zu untersuchen.
Hauptergebnisse: Nur ein geringer Anteil von Betroffenen entwickelt nach der Konfrontation mit einem trauamtischen Ereignis psychische Störungen. Dies gilt auch in Populationen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für multiple und schwere Traumata. Die durchgeführten Studien zur Identifikation von Moderatoren weisen darauf hin, dass Personen mit einer erhöhten Ansteckbarkeit für negative Emotionen anderer eine stärkere initiale Stressreaktion bei
Traumaexposition aufweisen. Darüber hinaus zeigen Männer mit Traumatisierung in der Kindheit einen stärkeren Anstieg von Alkoholcraving nach der Konfrontation mit einem akuten Trauma. Weiterhin sind niedrige basale Cortisol Level mit einem höheren Risiko für einen Anstieg der PTBS Symptomatik sowie im Alkoholkonsum nach traumatischen Ereignissen assoziiert. Schließlich gibt es Hinweise auf geringere Therapieeffekte bei vorangegangener Traumatisierung bei einer Subgruppe von weiblichen Patientinnen mit Panikstörung mit der niedrig aktiven Variante des MAOA Gens.
Schlussfolgerungen: Es konnten neue Kandidaten für mögliche Moderatoren identifiziert sowie die Relevanz bekannter Moderatoren in neuen Kontexten gezeigt werden. Einige dieser Moderatorvariablen stellen vielversprechende Ziele für Risikomarker vor und unmittelbar nach der Konfrontation mir traumatischen Ereignissen dar. Weitere Forschung ist nötig, um die hier identifizierten Moderatoren zu bestätigen und die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen aufzudecken. Zudem sollte künftige Forschung die Befunde zu verschiedenen Moderatoren integrieren um daraus effektive Risikobewertungen und gezielte Frühinterventionen ableiten zu
können.
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Herbozo, Sylvia. "The development and validation of the Verbal Commentary on Physical Appearance Scale." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000310.
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Chibanda, Dickson. "Development and scaling up of a psychological intervention for common mental disorders among people living with HIV in Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20855.
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Common mental disorders (CMD) which primarily include depression, anxiety disorders and mixed anxiety depression are leading causes of disability in sub-Saharan Africa. They are particularly common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and may hasten HIV disease progression. This thesis consists of 5 articles which have been submitted for publication and provide evidence on the requirements for developing a psychological intervention to be delivered by lay health workers (LHW) and a strategy for scaling up this intervention to over 50 primary health care clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe. The thesis formed part of formative research leading to a cluster randomized controlled trial(RCT) of a psychological intervention and provides supplementary research to the RCT to support the scale up of the intervention. The first chapter describes the magnitude of the problem and the lack of resources to reduce the treatment gap for CMD. It highlights the growing evidence of using Lay Health Workers (LHW) to reduce this treatment gap.
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Naseer, Asma. "CLINICAL SOCIAL WORKERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON ILLICIT DRUG USE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/547.
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This purpose of this study was to explore social workers’ perspectives of drug-induced psychosis. More specifically, it sought to determine how knowledgeable clinical social workers are on the impact illicit drug use on the development of psychotic disorders. The study also aimed to discover clinical social workers’ perspectives regarding the influence of illicit drug use on the development of psychotic illnesses. This study used mixed methods approach in attempt to solve the research question. The quantitative portion of the research, an anonymous survey, allowed for the assessment of social workers’ knowledge of drug-induced psychosis. The qualitative portion of the research, individual interviews and a focus group, allowed for a comparison of social workers’ experiences from having encountered drug-induced psychosis in clinical practice. The qualitative findings produced insight that highlighted common themes that can be explored further in future research within the context of clinical social work practice.
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Samalot-Rivera, Amaury. "The effect of social skill instruction on sport and game related behaviors of children and adolescents with emotional or behavioral disorders." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186774990.
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Trautmann, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "The consequences of traumatic stress for the development and treatment of mental disorders: Investigating moderating factors. / Sebastian Trautmann." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1226902332/34.
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Levidioti, Maria. "The effects of structured teaching on stereotypic, on-task, and off-task behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders in physical education /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79960.
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The effects of a gymnastic unit on stereotypic, on-task, and off task behaviors of two children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and two children with Down syndrome were examined using structured teaching, based on adaptations by the TEACCH model. Structured teaching consisted of individual pictorial activity schedules and work systems. The stereotypic, on-task, and off task behaviors were observed during three phases: baseline, treatment, and post-treatment.<br>Inter-rater reliability of stereotypic, on-task, and off task behaviors was 82.2%. The results indicated reductions on the levels of stereotypic behaviors of both participants with ASD, while no significant changes were observed in the levels of on-task behaviors for these participants. This was probably due to the fact that the gymnastic unit was fairly structured even before the implementation of the treatment. No effects were found on the levels of on-task behaviors of both participants with Down syndrome.
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Brini, Stefano. "The role of physical activity and bilingualism in the development of neurodegenerative disorders: Cross-sectional and neuroimaging evidence." Thesis, Brini, Stefano (2020) The role of physical activity and bilingualism in the development of neurodegenerative disorders: Cross-sectional and neuroimaging evidence. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/56359/.
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Delaying Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, by five years could decrease the global prevalence of AD by 57% and halve the annual economic impact which is currently estimated to surpass US$2 trillion by 2030. Since no treatment or cure for dementia exist, identifying modifiable factors to reduce the incidence of dementia has become a public health priority. Increased physical activity (PA) has been associated with a lower risk of developing dementia in observational studies. Observational studies have also linked bilingualism (the ability to speak two languages) with a delayed onset of dementia but no risk-reduction in dementia in bilinguals relative to monolinguals. Differences in study outcomes in the fields of PA- and bilingualism- related research to methodological limitations including poor measurement of the exposure (PA and language profiles), small sample sizes, and recruitment of participants with different dementia etiologies. The purpose of this thesis was twofold: i) to explore the roles of PA and bilingualism in dementia risk and ii) to inform the development of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test whether studying a foreign language combined with increasing PA can improve cognitive performance in seniors who are at a higher risk of developing AD.
The aim of Chapter two was to review the available evidence linking PA with the risk of developing dementia as well as to explore the effects of increasing PA on cognition in individuals with dementia. Results showed that aerobic, and high-intensity, habitual PA was associated with improved cognition-related biomarkers and lower dementia risk in epidemiological studies. Experimental evidence showed increasing PA improved cognition-related biomarkers and cognition in preclinical phases of dementia, but not in clinical phases. The findings showed that PA is linked with a lower risk of dementia in epidemiological studies, but experimental studies showed little to no improvements in cognition in participants with dementia following a structured PA program. There was evidence indicating that increasing PA levels in the preclinical phase of AD may result in greater translation impact than in participants at the more advanced clinical stage of AD. Most studies assessed PA with self-report measures questioning the accuracy and precision of exposure and recruited participants with dementia irrespective of aetiology, which makes it problematic to discern whether PA is differentially related to varying dementia aetiologies.
The aim of Chapter three was to systematically review the association between bilingualism and the delay in the diagnosis of dementia and AD. Here, we retrieved a total of 20 studies, 15 of which were meta-analysed. Results showed that bilinguals were on average 3.2 (95% CI: 1.5, 4.9) years older than monolinguals at the time of dementia. Moreover, at the time of dementia diagnosis, bilinguals and monolinguals demonstrated a similar level of global cognitive impairment (Hedges’ g = 0.05 95% CI: -0.10, 0.21). Prediction intervals however showed a large dispersion of effect sizes in the meta-analysis comparing monolinguals to bilinguals on the age of dementia diagnosis. To explore possible reasons for the observed dispersion in effect sizes, we conducted subgroup analyses. In one subgroup meta-analysis comparing studies that had recruited participants with dementia to studies that had recruited participants with AD, bilinguals were 4.2 (95% CI: 2.0, 6.2) and 1.7 (95% CI: -1.4, 4.7) years older than monolinguals at dementia and AD diagnosis, respectively. Meta-analytic results combining prospective longitudinal studies showed no risk reduction in dementia among bilinguals compared to monolinguals (Odds Ratio: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.69-1.05). Risk of bias assessment revealed that most studies carried several methodological limitations including poor measurement of participants’ language profiles and small sample sizes.
The aim of Chapter four was to explore the underlying mechanisms in the brain that may be responsible for the observed findings in the first systematic review (Chapter three). In this study, we observed that bilinguals compared to monolinguals had greater brain volume in the frontostriatal and frontoparietal circuits. Also, functional neuroimaging studies showed that bilinguals made use of relevant brain areas more efficiently than monolinguals when completing interference cognitive tasks. Results from the cross-sectional studies showed that higher levels of language acculturation were associated with significantly greater verbal and psychomotor speed performance than lower levels of language acculturation.
The aim of the Chapter five was to explore the link between language acculturation and cognition in older individuals from ethnic minorities (Hispanic and Asian) living in the United States of America using an epidemiological dataset. In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using a larger sample size than previous studies. We found that higher levels of language acculturation (i.e. speaking the native language and that of the recipient’s country at home) was associated with greater psychomotor speed processing than lower levels of language acculturation (mostly speaking the native language at home) and some, but not all, measures of verbal fluency. Overall, the findings suggest that higher levels of language acculturation are associated with greater cognitive performance in older individuals from ethnic minorities.
Overall, the evidence gathered in the previous chapters indicate that i) increasing PA in individuals who are at a higher risk of developing AD might be more useful in improving cognitive performance than in individuals who already have developed AD and ii) bilingualism might render the brain areas typically affected by AD such as the frontostriatal and frontoparietal brain circuits more resilient against neurodegeneration and in turn, delay the onset of AD symptoms and diagnosis. Therefore, because no randomized-controlled trial (RCT) testing the combined effects of increased PA with studying a foreign language currently exist, Chapter five presents a detailed study protocol for an RCT addressing this gap in the literature while addressing the limitations of previous studies in the fields of PA- and bilingualism-based research.
The purpose of this thesis was to explore the roles of PA and bilingualism in dementia onset and risk and to inform the development of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the effects of studying a foreign language with increased PA in individuals at a higher risk of dementia. Increasing PA levels are associated with greater cognition in individuals at the preclinical phase of AD rather than in participants with a diagnosis of dementia or AD. Bilingualism was also associated with later age of AD diagnosis on average by 4.7 years. This finding is clinically relevant because a five-year delay in the onset of AD could lower the number of individuals with AD worldwide by 57% and as a consequence, halving the associated economic costs. Moreover, we also showed that bilingualism may be responsible for rendering brain areas typically affected by AD more resilient against neuropathology. Moreover, this thesis revealed that studies in the field of exercise science and bilingualism research in dementia carry important methodological limitations that question the internal validity of these two lines of research. Consequently, the evidence gathered within this thesis led us to propose a novel RCT exploring the effects of increasing PA levels and studying a foreign language in monolingual individuals at a higher risk of AD while addressing the most important limitations of previous research.
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Viljoen, Margaretha. "Psychoneuroimmunology in terms of the two main stress axes sickness behaviour as trigger for the development of mental disorders /." Thesis, Pretoria : [ s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09272005-114327/.
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Aseem, Saadia. "Development and evaluation of a psychosocial intervention for common mental disorders for the British South Asians in the UK." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-and-evaluation-of-a-psychosocial-intervention-for-common-mental-disorders-for-the-british-south-asians-in-the-uk(3ac9b949-8a1e-4453-8928-1b0975add315).html.
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Background: Ethnic minorities, particularly the South Asian community, have a high prevalence of depression within the United Kingdom (UK). They suffer from poor health, social isolation and tend to not access available health services and treatment. Culturally appropriate psychosocial interventions are effective for depression. However, in the UK, very limited research evidence is available to date. The research study focuses on the processes involved with the aim of developing and evaluating the acceptability, adherence and effectiveness of a culturally appropriate psychosocial intervention for the South Asians in the UK.Methods: A phased programme of research was planned to achieve the aims. In the first phase, a systematic review was conducted. The aim was to identify and synthesize the literature on effective psychosocial interventions for common mental disorders, particularly for ethnic minorities in developed countries. In the second phase, four focus groups from which three with ethnic minority service users and one with the health professionals were conducted. The purpose was to collect and understand the views of South Asian service users and providers in order to culturally adapt an intervention as part of the AMP programme. In the final phase of the study, seventeen qualitative interviews were conducted with the psychosocial intervention trial participants and the intervention provider team. The case studies were analysed to evaluate the delivery, acceptability, adherence and cultural appropriateness of the psychosocial intervention. Findings: The systematic review provides reasonable evidence from trials and subgroup analyses from trials that ethnic minority patients could benefit from modified psychological treatments. However, there is no systematic documentation of cultural adaptations available. The participants of the focus groups and evaluation interviews identified cultural specific and universal barriers and highlighted cultural sensitive modifications for interventions which the health care providers need to respond in order to make mental health care accessible for the ethnic minorities. The qualitative studies show evidence that cultural adaptations improve acceptability and adherence in interventions. The findings highlighted empathy as the significant need of the participants of the well-being intervention. People make choices depending on the intensity of their need, the nature of the problem and the options available to them. The participants suggested that fulfilment of needs is vital rather than assuming that cultural matching is always necessary. Conclusion: Culturally modified interventions for specific populations can improve acceptability and accessibility. Better engagement and adherence to psychosocial interventions can be achieved by overcoming culturally specific and universal barriers and by providing treatment choices to patients according to the nature and urgency of their specific need. Further research is required for developing an evidence base in respect of designing effective mental health treatments for minority patients. A systematic way of documenting all these adaptations is essential. It would enable progress by improving comparability and replication of modifications across studies.
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Larsson, Henrik. "Genetic and environmental factors in the development of externalizing symptoms from childhood to adolescence /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-524-0/.
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Kierulf, Jacqueline C. "The association of chronic physical illness and eating attitudes in school-aged children: A secondary analysis based on a community survey of the epidemiology and risk factors for eating and mood disorders in children." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6686.
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Children with chronic physical illness have twice the risk of psychosocial maladjustment as healthy children. One specific aspect of mental functioning is abnormal eating attitudes, hypothesized to be an early stage of an eating disorder. To date, there has been no study of the association of a variety of physical chronic illnesses with a specific psychiatric syndrome in a diagnostically heterogeneous population, comparing chronically ill children with healthy children. This study examined the association between chronic illness and eating attitudes in a population of school children from Western Quebec. A checklist of chronic medical conditions was added to the parent questionnaire in order to determine presence of chronic illness. There were two objectives of this thesis. The first objective was to determine whether chronic illness was associated with eating attitudes in children as measured by the Eating Attitudes Test. The second study objective was to determine whether there was a meaningful group difference in othcr psychometric scores of depression, family functioning and stress between children with a chronic illness and children without a chronic illness. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Dupuis, Gabrielle. "Exploring the Association Between Early Life Stressors & Childhood Protective Factors on Early Adolescent Mental Health Disorders." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38228.
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Abstract
Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), both prospective cohorts, were used to explore the association between early life stressors, childhood protective factors, and early adolescent mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Early life stressors were measured prenatally to the age of 3 within the ALSPAC analysis, while early life stressors were measured between the ages of 1-3 within the NLSCY analysis. Childhood protective factors, exclusively modifiable protective factors, (physical activity, extracurricular activities, positive parenting, and positive friendships) were measured between the ages of 6-11 within both ALSPAC and the NLSCY. Mental health outcomes were measured between the ages of 12-15 in both ALSPAC and the NLSCY. The associations between early life stressors and childhood protective factors on early adolescent mental health outcomes were computed using multivariate logistic regression modeling. It was found that the majority of early life stressors, including prenatal stressors and family dysfunction increased the odds of developing early adolescent mental health disorders although more statistically significant results were found within the NLSCY analysis. Contrarily, it was found that the majority of childhood protective factors reduced the likelihood of early adolescent mental health disorders with some exceptions found within the NLSCY analysis. No interaction terms between early life stressors and childhood protective factors were found to be statistically significant.
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Uppal, Kiranjeet Kaur. "The importance of parental socialization and Early Maladaptive Schemas in the development and maintenance of psychological symptoms in young adults." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3015.
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Explores the relationship between recollections of parenting, Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS), and symptoms of depression and anxiety in a sample of undergraduate students attending California State University, San Bernardino (N = 232). A correlational-regression approach was adopted to test the hypothesis. Parental socialization was measured with three different subscales. Psychological adjustment was measured by the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Early Maladaptive Schema was measured with the Schema Questionnaire-Short Form. Partial mediation of EMS was found with maternal connection and psychological control, but not with paternal socialization. Findings lend support to the schema model and suggest that clinical work with adults suffering from depression and/or anxiety may need to identify and re-structure EMS that develop from "toxic parenting."
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Khan, Gadija. "Experiences of interpersonal relationships, stress and coping amongst adolescents who report substance use." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8450.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Adolescence, a critical developmental period, requires a certain level of adjustment and may negatively impact youth psychosocial development. Unsurprisingly, adolescent substance use continues to be a major public global health concern. Additionally, some adolescents are immersed in various interpersonal relationships and exposed to various stressors daily, which may affect their psychological well-being and developmental trajectories. This research aimed to explore the experiences of interpersonal relationships, stress and coping, and determine substance use patterns, symptoms of two common mental disorders (depression and generalized anxiety) amongst adolescents who report using substances (legal and illegal) in low-income communities in South Africa by employing Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological theory and the person-process-context-time model as a theoretical lens.
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Wang, Liang. "An Epidemiological Study of Maternal Depression: Findings from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1984.
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This study examined maternal depression status from month 1 to 36 after birth using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Maternal depression was assessed with the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The prevalence of maternal depression was highest at 1 month, decreased at 6 months, and then kept fairly stable to 36 months. The prevalence was higher in blacks than other races, in 18-24 than 25-46 years old, and in single mothers than non-single mothers. Mothers with better physical health, social support, or employed had a lower prevalence than their counterparts. Mothers in poverty, receiving public assistance, or who had more parental stress had a higher prevalence. Social support and parental stress had a statistically significant relationship with maternal depression even after adjusting for other variables. In conclusion, this longitudinal study found that several maternal, child, and family factors were associated with maternal depression.
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Jiang, Guanyu. "PTEN and pERK in itch transduction ; and, Control of cortext development by ULK4, a rare risk gene for mental disorders including schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231419.
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Jacyna, N. "Assessing the impact of parental mental health on child physical health : validation of a measure of carer burden within carers of children with chronic kidney disease." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2012. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/11137/.
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Section A provides an overview of the literature investigating the relationship between parental mental health and child physical health within populations of children with chronic childhood illness. Evidence for whether this relationship definitively exists, as well as the potential pathways through which this relationship could operate, is evaluated. Carers of children with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can experience burden and psychological distress, which has been shown to impact on the child's physical health. Section B is an empirical study aiming to assess the validity and reliability of the Paediatric Renal Carer Burden Scale (PR-CBS) , a 51 item psychometric measure designed to assess carer burden in carers of children with CKD. Factor analysis indicated retention of 21 items representing 5 factors; Illness worries (8 items), Impact on self (5 items), Impact on child (3 items), Responsibility (3 items) and Institutional burden (2 items). Together they explain 53% of the total variance. Internal reliability for both the full scale and sub-scales were acceptable. Convergent validity was demonstrated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Caregiver Strain Questionnaire and the scale was reported by respondents as being acceptable to complete. The PR-CBS has been shown to be a valid and reliable scale and as such is a clinically relevant tool with which to identify burdened carers and provide additional psycho-social support so as to ensure best outcomes for both carer and child. Section C provides a critical evaluation of the research process and reflections from the researcher on learning throughout the process of the study as well as clinical implications and future research directions.
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Statman-Weil, Katie. "The Interplay Between Early Childhood Education and Mental Health: How Students in an In-Service Early Childhood Teacher Education Program Experience Children with Mental Health and Behavioral Challenges in the Classroom." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4638.
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All early childhood educators who work with children between birth and six years of age are likely to encounter young children who experience behavioral and mental health challenges throughout their careers. Research demonstrates that educators can play a vital role in children's mental health and behavioral development. However, often early childhood educators do not believe they have the knowledge or tools to accurately identify and successfully handle the unique challenges that arise when working with children with behavioral and mental health issues.
Using an Anti-Oppressive Framework, this research study explores, through a qualitative case study design, how students in an in-service teacher education program experience children with mental health and behavioral issues in their classrooms. The following research question was used to guide this study: how do students in an in-service early childhood teacher education program think about, emotionally react to, and engage with children who express mental health issues and challenging behaviors in their classrooms?
This paper begins by discussing the prevalence and needs of children with mental health and behavioral issues in early childhood environments. It then synthesizes the relevant literature related to the phenomenon. Next, it describes and defends a study that offered opportunities for students in an in-service teacher education program to consider their beliefs, emotions, and actions concerning inclusive education. From the research findings, implications for practice are revealed, offering ideas to support teacher education programs in better preparing their students to work with all young learners. Lastly, ideas for future research are elucidated.
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Žalkauskaitė, Žaneta. "Praktinės patirties refleksija: Fenilketonurijos atvejo analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060510_124826-66844.
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is one of the most common amino acids metabolisms disorders. Even though such disorders are rather scarce, it was the first case of all metabolism disorders. Phenylketonuria was first described by A. Fioling in 1934. PKU is an autosomic recessive hereditary metabolism disease that is followed by disorders in amino acids metabolism, which disorders the development of the nervous system.
The earlier the treatment begins, the better prognosis of the disease is. If the baby is not being treated, his health gets worse already during the first 6 months of his life. During the first months he often does not eat well, sucks wanly, vomits. After some time after birth there appear the jumps. The baby is lacking vitality, sleepy or too much irritable. In many cases the muscular tonicity might be varied (either higher or lower). A specific smell or color of the body or urine of babies who have phenylketonuria may be common. Over time, growth, physical and mental development of the baby is out of order. Children, who have phenylketonuria, have emotional and action problems Moreover, just after birth phenylketonuria causes serious and incurable mental disorders The intelligence quotient of the majority of patients is lower than 60 points.
There is a general babies’ check in order to diagnose phenylketonuria on time. The researches are being held in the Medical Genetics Centre of Vilnius Santariskes Clinic since 1975. The average of babies who have phenylketonuria is... [to full text]
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Hu, Chun. "Development of resilience scale and examination of relationships among resilience, physical activity and mental health for older adults in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/721.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Resilience is an important trait and mechanism for older adults facing adversity in their later life. Physical activity has been established as an important determinant of mental health among older adults, in which relationship of resilience may play a mediating role. In order to examine the relationships among resilience, physical activity, and mental health in older adults, the current project is designed to conduct three studies. Study-1 aims to use qualitative method to identify the characteristics that contribute to resilience in a group of community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong. Study-2 aims to develop and validate an age-specific resilience scale, named as "Resilience Scale for Chinese Older Adults (RSCOA)". Study-3 aims to test a model in which physical activity is hypothesized to influence mental health in path mediated by resilience. Methods: Twenty-five Chinese older adults (2 males, 23 females) aged 69 to 100 years (M=80.00, SD=39.08) were included in Study-1. Interviews were conducted to collect information about the adverse events in their lives, as well as their attitudes towards adversity and the beliefs underlying their approaches to overcoming adversity. The transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. In Study-2, a sequential approach was used to develop the RSCOA in three stages. In stage 1, scale candidate items were generated and initial content validity of the RSCOA were explored. In stage 2, the factorial structure of the RSCOA was extracted using exploratory factor analysis. In stage 3, exploratory structural equation modeling was conducted to test the structure. The reliability and validity of the RSCOA were also examined. In Study-3, cross-sectional data was collected from a sample of 293 Chinese older adults [60 males, 233 females; age from 65 to 95 years old (M=76.58, SD=7.02)] from eight community senior centres located in three districts in Hong Kong. Correlation analyses were performed and path analysis was employed to assess the associations among physical activity, resilience and mental health variables. Results: In Study-1, 7 themes were emerged from the interviews: 1). Equanimity- the realisation that life has both joys and sorrows. 2). Positive attitudes towards life. 3). Meaningfulness- the realisation that life has a purpose and is full of hope. 4). Self-reliance- a belief in one's capabilities and the realisation that each person's life path is unique. 5). Social support- which comes from family and friends, health care professionals, staff in the senior centres and others' appraisal. 6). Environmental support- which includes the support from neighbours, community senior centres and government. 7). Spirituality and faith- which can take the form of a belief in destiny, gratitude or religious faith. For the scale development and validation, a pool of 70 candidate items for RSCOA was established with good content validity in stage 1. In stage 2, seven factors, namely perseverance, self-reliance, spirituality, social support, living in the moment, environmental support, and meaningfulness, reflecting internal, external and existential dimensions, were identified and reflected in 27 items in the construct of resilience. In stage 3, the 27-item RSCOA was further examined, by which 3 items were deleted to achieve acceptable internal consistency (α= 0.87) and good concurrent as well as construct validities, and finally a 24-item RSCOA was confirmed. The measurement model displayed satisfactory model fit and proven invariant across gender. Building on the three path models, it was found that significant mediation effects of resilience on the relations from physical activity to depression (β =-.54, p=.002), from physical activity to loneliness (β=-.25, p=.005), as well as from physical activity to psychological well-being (β=.37, p=.008). In sum, the results confirmed that resilience mediates relationship from physical activity to mental health among the older adults. Conclusion: The qualitative analysis found that resilience of the Hong Kong older adults is characterised by internal, external and existential factors. A reliable and valid age-specific instrument for measurement of resilience in Chinese older people was developed. Older adults who are more physically active reported greater psychological well-being and less mental health problems, and the effects were mediated by resilience. The results may be useful for developing interventions that aim at assisting older adults to enhance the positive experiences and mental health in their lives.
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Martins, Lilian Cristina Xavier. "Prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns : estresse no ambiente de trabalho e atividade física em militares." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3551.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tese inclui dois artigos que tiveram por objetivo investigar a relação de estresse no ambiente de trabalho com a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e a relação de ambos com os níveis de prática de atividade física em militares do Exército Brasileiro. No primeiro artigo, a variável dependente foi TMC e a primeira variável independente foi o estresse no ambiente de trabalho, avaliado sob o modelo
esforço-recompensa em desequilíbrio (effort-reward imbalance: ERI). TMC foram avaliados por meio do General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Foram estimadas razões de prevalência (RP) por regressão de Poisson para imprimir robustez aos
intervalos de confiança (95%). A prevalência de TMC foi de 33,2% (IC95%:29,1;37,3). O estudo mostrou, após ajuste por idade, educação, renda, estilo de vida, autopercepção de saúde, agravos à saúde autorreferidos e características
ocupacionais, que estresse no ambiente de trabalho estava forte e independentemente associado a TMC, exibindo razões de prevalências (RP) que variaram entre os níveis de estresse, oscilando de 1,60 a 2,01. O posto de tenente estava associado a TMC, mesmo após ajuste pelas covariáveis (RP = 2,06; IC95%
1,2 4,1). Os resultados indicaram que excesso de comprometimento é um componente importante do estresse no trabalho. Estes achados foram consistentes com a literatura e contribuem com o conhecimento sobre o estado de saúde mental
dos militares das Forças Armadas no Brasil, destacando que o estresse no ambiente de trabalho e que o desempenho das funções ocupacionais, do posto de Tenente, podem significar risco maior para TMC nesse tipo de população. O segundo artigo
teve por objetivo investigar a associação de estresse no ambiente de trabalho e TMC com a prática de atividade física habitual entre militares das Forças Armadas. A atividade física (variável dependente) foi estimada por meio do Questionário de
Baecke, um dos instrumentos mais utilizados em estudos epidemiológicos sobre atividade física. Estresse no ambiente de trabalho, TMC e posto foram as variáveis independentes, avaliadas conforme descrição mencionada acima. Buscou-se avaliar a associação destas variáveis e com a prática de atividade física no pessoal militar. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método de regressão linear múltipla, via modelos lineares
generalizados. Após controlar por características socioeconomicas e demográficas, estresse no ambiente de trabalho, caracterizado por "altos esforços e baixa recompensas", permaneceu associado a mais atividade física ocupacional (b = 0,224 IC95% 0,098; 0,351) e a menos atividade física no lazer (b = -0,198; IC95% -0,384;
-0,011). TMC permaneceram associados a menores níveis de atividade física nos esportes/exercícios no lazer (b = -0,184; IC95% -0,321; -0,046). Posto permaneceu associado a maiores níveis de atividade física ocupacional (b = 0,324 IC95%
0,167; 0,481). Até onde se sabe, este foi o primeiro estudo a avaliar a relação de aspectos psicossociais e ocupacionais envolvidos na prática de atividade física em militares no Brasil e no exterior. Os resultados sugerem que o ambiente de trabalho
e a saúde mental estão associados à prática de atividade física de militares, que se relaciona com a condição de aptidão física.<br>This thesis includes two articles that sought to investigate the relationship of stress in the workplace with the prevalence of common mental disorders and the relationship of both with levels of physical activity in military personnel of the Brazilian
Army. In the first article, we sought to estimate the association between job stress and common mental disorders (CMD). Job stress was evaluated with the effortreward imbalance model (ERI) and the occurrence of CMD was assessed with the General
Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We estimated prevalence ratios by Poisson regression to obtain robustness to the Confidence Intervals (95%). The prevalence of CMD was 33.2% (95%CI: 0.29, 0.37). The study showed, after adjustments for age,
education, income, lifestyle, self-perceived health status, health problems and selfreported occupational characteristics, that job stress was strongly and independently associated with CMD. The prevalence ratios (PR) ranged from 1.60 to 2.01, varying between job stress levels. Also the rank of lieutenant was independently associated with CMD (RP = 2.06; 95%CI 1.2 4.1). Results suggest that over-commitment is an important component of job stress for this population. These findings were consistent with the literature and contribute to the knowledge of
health and mental health among armed forces personnel in Brazil, highlighting that job stress may increase the risk of CMD in the military personnel. The second article aimed to investigate the association between job stress and CMD with the practice of physical activity among armed forces personnel. Physical activity (dependent variable) was estimated using the Baecke Questionnaire, an instrument commonly used in epidemiological studies on physical activity. Job stress and CMD were the independent variables, evaluated according to the description mentioned above. We sought to establish the association of these variables with physical activity in military
personnel. Multiple linear regression was performed via generalized linear models. After adjustment for confounders, job stress characterized as high efforts and low rewards" remained associated with higher levels of work physical activity (b = 0. 224 95%CI 0.098; 0.351) and lower levels of physical activity in sports / exercise in leisure time (b = -0.198; 95%CI 0.384; -0.011). Additionally, CMD remained associated with lower levels of physical activity in sports / exercise in leisure time (b =
-0.184; 95%CI 0.321; -0.046). Rank remained associated with higher levels of occupational physical activity (b = 0.324 CI95% 0.167; 0.481). To our knowledge, this was the first study to evaluate the relationship of psychosocial and occupational aspects involved in physical activity among military personnel in Brazil and abroad. The results suggest that the work environment and mental health are associated with
physical activity of the military, which is the path that leads the troops to the physical fitness.
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Mósca, Nuno Miguel Rebocho de Oliveira. "Efeitos de um programa de exercício sobre a qualidade de vida, capacidade funcional, composição corporal e marcadores bioquímicos em pessoas com esquizofrenia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/13023.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o efeito de um programa de exercício físico, durante 20 sessões, para pessoas com esquizofrenia e outros transtornos mentais, ao nível da aptidão física funcional, nos parâmetros bioquímicos, na composição corporal e qualidade de vida e saúde. A amostra de 16 pessoas foi reduzida a 13 no final, devido a desistência de 3 participantes.
A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de pessoas, um com pessoas com esquizofrenia e outro com pessoas com outros transtornos mentais. No final, o grupo com esquizofrenia melhorou significativamente na aptidão física, densidade mineral óssea, colesterol total e no questionário SF-36, no domínio da função social, e, o segundo grupo apresentou uma melhoria significativa num parâmetro da aptidão física e no questionário Whoqol-bref, nos domínios Físico, Psicológico e de Qualidade de Vida.
Concluiu-se que um dia de exercício por semana, promove melhorias significativas na aptidão física, composição corporal, parâmetros bioquímicos e qualidade de vida em pessoas com esquizofrenia; Abstract:
Effects of an exercise program about, quality of life, functional capacity body composition and biochemical markers in people with schizophrenia.
This study aimed to analyse the effect of physical exercise, during 20 sessions, for people with schizophrenia and other mental disorders, at the level of functional fitness, in biochemical parameters, in body composition and quality of life and health. The sample of 16 people was reduced to 13 at the end, due to the decision of 3 participants of quitting.
The sample was divided in two groups of people, one with people with schizophrenia and another with people with other mental disorders. In the end, the group with schizophrenia significantly improved in physical fitness, bone mineral density, total cholesterol and in the questionnaire SF-36, in the field of social function, and, the second group showed a significant improvement in physical fitness parameter and Whoqol-bref questionnaire in physical, psychological and domains of quality of life.
It was concluded that a day of exercise per week, promotes significant improvements in physical fitness, body composition, biochemical parameters and quality of life In people with schizophrenia.
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Watter, Pauline. "The development of postural control in children aged 6, 7 and 8 years /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17679.pdf.
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Meade, Mary Margaret. "The etiological significance of physical activity and sport participation in the risk profile for eating disorders in elite female athletes : development of a model." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592666.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Despite an increased research interest in eating disorders in sport, more questions than answers still remain regarding the relationship between sports participation and risk for eating disorders. However, the use of sport specific terms such as Anorexia Athletica and the Female Athlete Triad are acknowledgement that participation in high performance sport can be high risk for certain athletes. Given the serious health implications and high mortality rate associated with eating disorders, the aim of this thesis was to address key unresolved issues in the area. Objectives: The main aims were threefold. The primary aim was to establish the prevalence rates of eating disorders in elite international female athletes and in athletes from different cultural backgrounds. Secondly, given the inconclusive findings regarding the influence of level of competition on risk for eating disorders, prevalence rates were examined in females across the physical activity spectrum. Finally, an exploratory model was devised in an attempt to explain the pathway to eating disorder development and maintenance in elite female athletes. Findings: The key findings that emerged for the two main investigations suggest that the risk for disordered eating in elite athletes is high. The prevalence rate of clinical eating disorders in the exercise group and non-sporting student sample was found to be comparable to those reported for the general population. The model presented in thls thesis highlights the importance of looking beyond one causal explanation for eating disorder development in female athletes. It suggests that there may be several reasons for eating disorder development in sport, of which one is the heightened focus on weight. The dominance of the sociocultural explanation of eating disorder development may have limited our ability to fully establish why certain athletes may be placed at high-risk of eating disorders.
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Torres, Nuno. "Disorders of emotional containment and their somatic correlates. The protomental nature of addictions, self-harm and non-communicable diseases." Doctoral thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1678.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de Doutoramento apresentada à University of Essex, Centre for Psychoanalytic Studies<br>This study is concerned with the emotional nature of determined forms of illness which seem to be largely determined by stressful social conditions rather than as a consequence of primarily biologic and somatic factors, and have been identified with labels such as "diseases of comfort, lifestyle related diseases", "degenerative causes of death". The models we have for understanding the mechanisms by which human subjects are affected by social environment stresses are still tentative, although some of the diversity of the psychosocial factors is reasonably well established. This thesis is an exploration of the theories of Wilfred Bion, which offer an under-researched approach to the nature and origin of such conditions. I have chosen three of these conditions as the subject of this study -drug and alcohol dependence, self-harming behaviours and a certain set of psychosomatic conditions - to test whether predictions formulated from the hypotheses are supported by a set of empirical measures. The hypotheses are that a determined type of emotional containment mechanism can affect certain types of health outcomes via disturbing the natural expression of primitive emotional systems embedded in the human organism. These primitive emotional systems are known as basic assumptions or valencies and are of 3 main types: dependence, fight-flight and pairing
A mixed research methodology combining qualitative and quantitative methods was used: A total of 377 participants were assessed, 65,5% of whom were suffering clinical conditions: psychosomatic conditions, addiction disorders and suicide attempts, while the rest of the subjects were non-clinical. The qualitative section comprised life-story interviews. In the quantitative section, two self-administered questionnaire instruments were used: 1) the Work-Group-Function ScaIes-1.02 to measure valencies, and 2) the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 to measure a cognitive deficit of emotional containment. Results are compatible with the hypothesis that the disorders under study are associated with similar emotional containment mechanisms, comprising of two main components in response to stressful interpersonal events: 1) A deficit in translating raw affects into words and symbolic elements 2) Oscillation between fragmented and rigid modes of emotional containment.
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Hamilton, Alexander William. "Assessing the impact of a sport for development and peace intervention on the mental and physical health of adolescents in Mullaitivu, Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d19563a-02a6-4a15-b1b8-71b8c007352c.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Mental disorders are a crucial contributor to the global disease burden. Exposure to conflict and conflict related stressors are risk factors for poor mental health in children and young adolescents. There is a growing body of evidence for the positive impact of sport and physical activity on the mental well-being of young people in developed, peaceful settings, but it is not clear whether these results can be replicated in post-conflict contexts. Despite this, sport and physical activity are increasingly incorporated into assistance for conflict-affected populations. This thesis assessed the impact of a Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) intervention on the mental and physical health of young adolescents in post-conflict Sri Lanka. Methods: I selected methods that balanced pragmatism and rigor and adapted them for use in a low- resource post-conflict setting. I assessed mental health using a locally devised measure, the Sri Lankan Index of Psychosocial Stress - Child Version (SLIPS-C), and physical health using the Multi Stage Fitness Test (MFT), BMI for age (BFA) and height for age (HFA). I tested the reliability and feasibility of the measurement protocols with two repeat measures studies (Kilinochchi study n = 38, Mullaitivu study n = 43). I conducted a cross sectional study (n = 367) in 8 schools which doubled up as the baseline for a pre post with control study (n = 214) in Mullaitivu. Results: Successive adaptations improved the intra-tester agreement for the SLIPS-C (Kilinochchi ICC = 0.701, Mullaitivu ICC = 0.878) and all variables showed a good level of reliability (ICC > 0.75). There were no significant differences in the main outcome variables between the intervention [V] and control [C] groups at baseline. The target group significantly underperformed when compared to global MFT, BFA and HFA norms. 214 students (47.4% female) were included in the final impact analysis; loss to follow up was 34.2%. Mean SLIPS-C score improved significantly in both groups ([V] = t (113) 2.46, p = 0.016); [C] = t (99) 5.04, p = < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between [V] and [C] groups at follow up. Adjusting for gender, age and ethnicity did not affect the significance of the results. Mean MFT score in the [V] cohort significantly deteriorated (t (99) = 3.39 p = 0.004), yet did not change significantly in the [C] group. Discussion: Successive rounds of field reliability tests improved the measurement protocols. I was able to draw limited conclusions about the impact of the intervention as it was implemented to a negligible degree, and the study was underpowered due to absenteeism. The results of the evaluation neither support nor disprove the supposition that SDP programmes can have an impact on mental health, as there was a community wide improvement in mental health. In evaluating the impact of sport in post-conflict countries, researchers face an array of theoretical, methodological and epistemological challenges. This thesis is a cautionary tale that highlights the complexity of evaluation in post-conflict zones and the relationships required to sustain it.
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Fowler, Kathleen M. "Transition experiences of selected emerging adults with emotional and behavioral difficulties in higher education." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002504.
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Torres, Nuno. "Disorders of emotional containment and their somatic correlates : the protomental nature of addictions, self-harm and non-communicable diseases." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486197.
Full textAbstract:
This study is concerned with the emotional nature of determined forms of illness which seem to be largely determined by stressful social conditions rather than as a consequence of primarily biologic and somatic factors, and have been identified with labels such as 'diseases of comfort', 'lifestyle related diseases', 'degenerative causes of death'. The models we have for understanding the mechanisms by which human subjects are affected by social environment stresses are still tentative, although some of the diversity of the psychosocial factors is reasonab1y well established. This thesis is an exploration of the theories of Wilfred Bion, which offer an under-researched approach to the nature and origin of such conditions. I have chosen three of these conditions as the subject of this study -drug and alcohol dependence, self-harming behaviours and a certain set of psychosomatic conditions - to test whether predictions formulated from the hypotheses are supported by a set of empirical measures. The hypotheses are that a determined type of emotional containment mechanism can affect certain types of health outcomes via disturbing the natural expression of primitive emotional systems embedded in the human organism. These primitive emotional systems are known as basic assumptions or valencies and are of 3 main types: dependence, fight-flight and pairing
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Rowley, Janet M. "Development and evaluation of a self-efficacy scale for people with breathing pattern disorders a dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Health Science at Auckland University of Technology, 2004." Full dissertation. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/RowleyJ.pdf.
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Staal, Rozemarijn Nathalie. "Diagnostic Accuracy in Dual Diagnosis: The Development of the Screen for Symptoms of Psychopathology in Individuals with Intellectual Disability (SSP-ID)." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1347493083.
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Akin, Faith, Sherri Smith, Courtney D. Hall, Kristal M. Riska, and Annabelle Larkin. "The Development of the Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Symptom Impact Questionnaire (BSIQ)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5377.
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