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Journal articles on the topic 'Mental computation strategies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Reys, Robert E., Barbara J. Reys, Nobuhiko Nohda, and Hideyo Emori. "Mental Computation Performance and Strategy Use of Japanese Students in Grades 2, 4, 6, and 8." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 26, no. 4 (1995): 304–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.26.4.0304.

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This study assessed attitude, computational preferences, and mental computational performance of 176, 187, 186, and 206 Japanese students in grades 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively. A sample of students in grades 4 and 8 scoring in the upper and middle quintiles on the mental computation test was interviewed to identify strategies used to mentally compute. All data were collected during the last month of the school year. A wide range of performance on mental computation was found with respect to all types of numbers (whole numbers, decimals, and fractions) and operations at every grade level; the

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Mcintosh, Alistair, Robert E. Reys, and Barbara J. Reys. "Mental Computation in the Middle Grades: The Importance of Thinking Strategies." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 2, no. 5 (1997): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.2.5.0322.

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At the primary-grades level, the benefits of developing and using mental strategies for computing have been well articulated (see, e.g., Beberman (1959); Brownell [1972); Cobb and Merkel [1989]: Kamii [1989]; Reys and Barger [1994): Shuard [1987); Trafton [1978)), and many primary-grades teachers are now encouraging students to invent and use thinking strategies as a way to facilitate their development of number sense. They are also dealing with the practical implications of implementing this approach to computation, which is very different from the traditional. rule-oriented, procedural appro

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Hope, John A., and James M. Sherrill. "Characteristics of Unskilled and Skilled Mental Calculators." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 18, no. 2 (1987): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.18.2.0098.

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Fifteen skilled and 15 unskilled students were selected from 286 Grade 11 and 12 mathematics students as a result of their performances on a mental multiplication test. Introspective reports during mental multiplication tasks yielded 4 methods of solution and 12 calculative strategies. The unskilled students used strategies more suited to written than mental computation, and the skilled students used strategies based upon the number properties suggested by the factors in the task. The skilled students recalled more large products to aid in a mental calculation than the unskilled students did.

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DEBRENTI, Edith, and Beáta LÁSZLÓ. "Developing Elementary School Students’ Mental Computation Skills through Didactic Games." Acta Didactica Napocensia 13, no. 2 (2020): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/adn.13.2.6.

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"Abstract: Our research focuses on developing elementary students’ mental computation skills with the help of card games. Choosing this area of study was motivated by our personal experiences, namely, that mathematics programmes of study do not lay emphasis on this aspect; there are too few hours dedicated to developing this skill, and several mental computation strategies are not presented in the classroom. As a result, students struggle with mental computation, a basic skill needed in our day-to-day life, and a relevant basis for further mathematical knowledge, computation competence, and hi

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Parrish, Sherry D. "Number Talks Build Numerical Reasoning." Teaching Children Mathematics 18, no. 3 (2011): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/teacchilmath.18.3.0198.

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Sadieda, Lisanul Uswah, and Agustin Eka Cahyani. "Identifikasi Mental Computation Siswa Disleksia dalam Melakukan Operasi Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Bilangan Bulat." Jurnal Review Pembelajaran Matematika 2, no. 2 (2017): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jrpm.2017.2.2.106-119.

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To describe mental computation strategies of the dyslexic student in performing the addition and subtraction of 1-digit and 2-digit integer. Mental computation is a process of doing arithmetic calculations without using other tools. This strategy will help dyslexic students find more accurate and flexible solution while solving the arithmetic problem because it can minimize their weaknesses in terms of reading and writing. This research uses the qualitative approach. Data were collected by using a task-based interview for two dyslexic students. The results of this study indicate that dyslexic

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Reys, Barbara J., and Robert E. Reys. "Computation in the Elementary Curriculum: Shifting the Emphasis." Teaching Children Mathematics 5, no. 4 (1998): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.5.4.0236.

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Elementary teachers receive conflicting messages about the value of various computa-tional techniques, mental and written, as well as about what strategies, invented and standard, should be introduced and developed at different levels within the elementary school curriculum. They receive advice and directives from educational specialists and national and state curriculum documents.

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Buchholz, Lisa. "Learning Strategies for Addition and Subtraction Facts: The Road to Fluency and the License to Think." Teaching Children Mathematics 10, no. 7 (2004): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.10.7.0362.

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Teaching the basic facts seemed like the logical thing to do. Wouldn't a study of the basic facts make mathematics computation much easier for my students in the future? How could I help my students memorize and internalize this seemingly rote information? How could I get rid of finger counting and move on to mental computation? As I embarked on my first year of teaching second grade following many years of teaching first grade, these questions rolled through my head.

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Reys, Robert E., Barbara J. Reys, Nobuhiko Nohda, Junichi Ishida, Shigeo Yoshikawa, and Katsuhiko Shimizu. "Computational Estimation Performance and Strategies used by Fifth- and Eighth-Grade Japanese Students." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 22, no. 1 (1991): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.22.1.0039.

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Four hundred and sixty-six fifth- and eighth-grade Japanese students were administered a computational estimation test. The fifth-grade mean was 7.39 and the eighth-grade mean was 11.15 on the 39-item open-ended test. Interviews with 21 students who had scored in the top 5% revealed that the Japanese students employed the three general cognitive processes outlined in a theoretical model based on interviews with United States students: reformulation, translation, and compensation. They also used many of the same strategies (front-end, compatible numbers, flexible rounding) utilized by American

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Whitin, David J. "Exploring Estimation through Children's Literature." Arithmetic Teacher 41, no. 8 (1994): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.41.8.0436.

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Estimation is a crucial mathematical strategy that can be woven throughout the entire mathematics curriculum. The strategy can certainly foster the development of many of the goals advocated by the NCTM's curriculum and evaluation standards (1989). Since approximately 80 percent of real-world applications of mathematics involve estimation or mental computation, the goal of becoming an “informed electorate” requires us to use and analyze various estimation strategies.

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Osana, Helena P., and Jérôme Proulx. "A tale of two researchers: Commonalities, complementarities, and contrasts in an examination of mental computation and relational thinking." Journal of Numerical Cognition 4, no. 1 (2018): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v4i1.89.

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This paper describes a research collaboration between an educational psychologist and a mathematics education researcher, namely a didacticien des mathématiques. Our joint project aimed to explore the mental computation strategies of preservice teachers in an elementary mathematics methods course and to investigate the relationship between mental computation and relational thinking. The primary objective of the paper, however, is to go beyond the data and their interpretation. We describe the commonalities, complementarities, and points of contrast that emerged between us as researchers who ha

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Markovits, Zvia, and Judith Sowder. "Developing Number Sense: An Intervention Study in Grade 7." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 25, no. 1 (1994): 4–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.25.1.0004.

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Few students exhibit number sense when solving arithmetic problems in school. This study examined the effects of an intervention in the instruction of seventh-grade students for the purpose of developing number sense. Students were taught by the classroom teacher from experimental units on number magnitude, mental computation, and computational estimation. Instruction was designed to provide rich opportunities for exploring numbers, number relationships, and number operations and to discover rules and invent algorithms. Written measures and interviews before instruction, immediately after inst

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Graven, Mellony. "Place value without number sense: Exploring the need for mental mathematical skills assessment within the Annual National Assessments." South African Journal of Childhood Education 3, no. 2 (2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v3i2.45.

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In this paper we examine the extent of the focus on number sense, enabled and accompanied by the development of efficient strategies for mental maths, in the foundation and intermediate phase. We do this through documentary analysis of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) for these phases and the Annual National Assessments (ANAs). We argue that number sense and mental agility are critical for the development and understanding of algorithms and algebraic thinking introduced in the intermediate phase. However, we note from our work with learners, and broader evidence in the So

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Ruthven, Kenneth. "The Use of Mental, Written and Calculator Strategies of Numerical Computation by Upper Primary Pupils within a ‘Calculator‐aware’ Number Curriculum." British Educational Research Journal 24, no. 1 (1998): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0141192980240103.

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Kline, Kate. "Early Childhood Corner: Kindergarten Is More Than Counting." Teaching Children Mathematics 5, no. 2 (1998): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.5.2.0084.

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Teachers of primary-grade children realize the importance of helping their students develop an understanding of number relationships. It is important to encourage the kind of thinking that allows children to readily decompose numbers into parts and know how to put parts together to make a whole. This thinking sets the foundation for working with larger numbers, using reasoning to approach computation, and developing sophisticated mental strategies. Parker (1998) describes the importance of building what she calls “fluency with small numbers.” She defines fluency as being able to take apart and

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Guthrie, Lisa G., and Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau. "Interactivity And Mental Arithmetic: Coupling Mind And World Transforms And Enhances Performance." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 41, no. 1 (2015): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2015-0019.

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AbstractInteractivity has been linked to better performance in problem solving, due in part to a more efficient allocation of attentional resources, a better distribution of cognitive load, but perhaps more important by enabling the reasoner to shape and reshape the physical problem presentation to promote the development of the problem solution. Interactivity in solving quotidian arithmetic problems involves gestures, pointing, and the recruitment of artefacts to facilitate computation and augment efficiency. In the experiment reported here, different types of interactivity were examined with

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Chandrasekaran, B. "Problem solving methods and knowledge systems: A personal journey to perceptual images as knowledge." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 23, no. 4 (2009): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060409990035.

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AbstractI was among those who proposed problem solving methods (PSMs) in the late 1970s and early 1980s as a knowledge-level description of strategies useful in building knowledge-based systems. This paper summarizes the evolution of my ideas in the last two decades. I start with a review of the original ideas. From an artificial intelligence (AI) point of view, it is not PSMs as such, which are essentially high-level design strategies for computation, that are interesting, but PSMs associated with tasks that have a relation to AI and cognition. They are also interesting with respect to cognit

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Meijering, Ben, Niels A. Taatgen, Hedderik van Rijn, and Rineke Verbrugge. "Modeling inference of mental states." Interaction Studies 15, no. 3 (2014): 455–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.15.3.05mei.

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Behavior oftentimes allows for many possible interpretations in terms of mental states, such as goals, beliefs, desires, and intentions. Reasoning about the relation between behavior and mental states is therefore considered to be an effortful process. We argue that people use simple strategies to deal with high cognitive demands of mental state inference. To test this hypothesis, we developed a computational cognitive model, which was able to simulate previous empirical findings: In two-player games, people apply simple strategies at first. They only start revising their strategies when these

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Katahira, Kentaro, and Yuichi Yamashita. "A Theoretical Framework for Evaluating Psychiatric Research Strategies." Computational Psychiatry 1 (December 2017): 184–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/cpsy_a_00008.

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One of the major goals of basic studies in psychiatry is to find etiological mechanisms or biomarkers of mental disorders. A standard research strategy to pursue this goal is to compare observations of potential factors from patients with those from healthy controls. Classifications of individuals into patient and control groups are generally based on a diagnostic system, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases ( ICD). Several flaws in these conventional diagnostic-based approaches have been recognized. The flaws a

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Tomaszek, Lukas, Ivan Zelinka, and Mohammed Chadli. "On the Leader Selection in the Self-Organizing Migrating Algorithm." MENDEL 25, no. 1 (2019): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/mendel.2019.1.171.

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In this article, a novel leader selection strategy for the self-organizing migrating algorithm is introduced. This strategy replaces original AllToOne and AllToRand strategies. It is shown and statistically tested, that the new strategy outperforms the original ones. All the experiments were conducted on well known CEC 2014 benchmark functions according to the CEC competition rules and reported here.

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Mayer, Lauren A., Kathleen Loa, Bryan Cwik, et al. "Understanding scientists’ computational modeling decisions about climate risk management strategies using values-informed mental models." Global Environmental Change 42 (January 2017): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.12.007.

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Gal, Y., and A. Pfeffer. "Networks of Influence Diagrams: A Formalism for Representing Agents' Beliefs and Decision-Making Processes." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 33 (September 26, 2008): 109–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2503.

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This paper presents Networks of Influence Diagrams (NID), a compact, natural and highly expressive language for reasoning about agents' beliefs and decision-making processes. NIDs are graphical structures in which agents' mental models are represented as nodes in a network; a mental model for an agent may itself use descriptions of the mental models of other agents. NIDs are demonstrated by examples, showing how they can be used to describe conflicting and cyclic belief structures, and certain forms of bounded rationality. In an opponent modeling domain, NIDs were able to outperform other comp

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Baroody, Arthur J. "Kindergartners' Mental Addition with Single-Digit Combinations." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 20, no. 2 (1989): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.20.2.0159.

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A study involving 17 kindergartners tested association- and schema-based views of simple mental addition. Six children appeared to use mechanical rules: Two each stated one of the addends, added one to an addend, and constructed a teen answer from one of the addends. Five other children appeared to use more genuine estimation strategies. Eight weeks of computational practice affected the errors of unpracticed combinations on a retest. Moreover, 7 of 10 children mastered previously unknown combinations involving zero. This resulted from learning a relationship (adding with zero leaves a number

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Eghbali, Zahra, and Mina Zolfy Lighvan. "A Hierarchical Approach for Accelerating IoT Data Management Process Based on SDN Principles." MENDEL 25, no. 1 (2019): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/mendel.2019.1.121.

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Internet of things is a new technology that connects billions of smart devices through the Internet. This important technology is heavily affecting different aspects of human life and plays an important role in variety of domains. The number of smart devices connecting to IoT and the amount of data gathered or produced by these devices are increasing. This large volume of data requires a lot of effort for processing and analysis. In order to organize, secure and balance the load in IoT, the novel and creative ideas for IoT design and management are required. Software Defined Networking is a ne

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Ownby, Raymond L. "Computational model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: Examination of etiologic hypothesis and treatment strategies." Depression and Anxiety 8, no. 3 (1998): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1998)8:3<91::aid-da1>3.0.co;2-q.

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Althoff, Tim, Kevin Clark, and Jure Leskovec. "Large-scale Analysis of Counseling Conversations: An Application of Natural Language Processing to Mental Health." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 4 (December 2016): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00111.

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Mental illness is one of the most pressing public health issues of our time. While counseling and psychotherapy can be effective treatments, our knowledge about how to conduct successful counseling conversations has been limited due to lack of large-scale data with labeled outcomes of the conversations. In this paper, we present a large-scale, quantitative study on the discourse of text-message-based counseling conversations. We develop a set of novel computational discourse analysis methods to measure how various linguistic aspects of conversations are correlated with conversation outcomes. A

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Juan Méndez Vergaray, Edward Flores, Cristina Asuncion Lopez Ulloa,. "The Impact of COVID-19 on the Teaching Work: From Face-to-Face to Virtual." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (2021): 2125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.4818.

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The aim of this review is to analyze the publications on the impact of COVID-19 on the virtual work of teachers in relation to work, socio-family and mental health. To review the literature, 32 articles were examined in the following databases: Scopus, EBSCO and Scielo; in English and Spanish, between 2020-2021. The search terms were: "teachers AND Covid-19", "impact of Covid-19 on teachers", "mental health AND teachers", "stress AND COVID-19", "family AND COVID-19". In addition, for the analysis of the results, 14 articles were considered and organized in a data matrix considering the aspects

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Charles-Luce, Jan, and Paul A. Luce. "Similarity neighbourhoods of words in young children's lexicons." Journal of Child Language 17, no. 1 (1990): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900013180.

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ABSTRACTSimilarity neighbourhoods for words in young children's lexicons were investigated using three computerized databases. These databases were representative of three groups of native English speakers: 5-year-olds, 7-year-olds, and adults. Computations relating to the similarity neighbourhoods of words in the children's and adult's lexicon revealed that words in the 5- and 7-year-olds' lexicons have many fewer similar neighbours than the same words analyzed in the adult lexicon. Thus, young children may employ more global recognition strategies because words are more discriminable in memo

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Bjerke, Ingvild E., Martin Øvsthus, Eszter A. Papp, et al. "Data integration through brain atlasing: Human Brain Project tools and strategies." European Psychiatry 50 (April 2018): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.02.004.

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AbstractThe Human Brain Project (HBP), an EU Flagship Initiative, is currently building an infrastructure that will allow integration of large amounts of heterogeneous neuroscience data. The ultimate goal of the project is to develop a unified multi-level understanding of the brain and its diseases, and beyond this to emulate the computational capabilities of the brain. Reference atlases of the brain are one of the key components in this infrastructure. Based on a new generation of three-dimensional (3D) reference atlases, new solutions for analyzing and integrating brain data are being develo

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Miracchi, Lisa. "Updating the Frame Problem for AI Research." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness 07, no. 02 (2020): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2705078520500113.

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The Frame Problem is the problem of how to design a machine to use information so as to behave competently, with respect to the kinds of tasks a genuinely intelligent agent can reliably, effectively perform. I will argue that the way the Frame Problem is standardly interpreted, and so the strategies considered for attempting to solve it, must be updated. We must replace overly simplistic and reductionist assumptions with more sophisticated and plausible ones. In particular, the standard interpretation assumes that mental processes are identical to certain kinds of computational processes, and

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Krueger, Frank, Jordan Grafman, and Kevin McCabe. "Neural correlates of economic game playing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1511 (2008): 3859–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0165.

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The theory of games provides a mathematical formalization of strategic choices, which have been studied in both economics and neuroscience, and more recently has become the focus of neuroeconomics experiments with human and non-human actors. This paper reviews the results from a number of game experiments that establish a unitary system for forming subjective expected utility maps in the brain, and acting on these maps to produce choices. Social situations require the brain to build an understanding of the other person using neuronal mechanisms that share affective and intentional mental state

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Pryor, Rosina, Daniel Martinez-Martinez, Leonor Quintaneiro, and Filipe Cabreiro. "The Role of the Microbiome in Drug Response." Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 60, no. 1 (2020): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023612.

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The microbiome is known to regulate many aspects of host health and disease and is increasingly being recognized as a key mediator of drug action. However, investigating the complex multidirectional relationships between drugs, the microbiota, and the host is a challenging endeavor, and the biological mechanisms that underpin these interactions are often not well understood. In this review, we outline the current evidence that supports a role for the microbiota as a contributor to both the therapeutic benefits and side effects of drugs, with a particular focus on those used to treat mental dis

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Martinelli, Suéllen Rodolfo, Luciana Martinez Zaina, and Tiemi Christine Sakata. "Linking Computational Thinking and BNCC in Primary School: a qualitative study on the perspective of teachers." Journal on Computational Thinking (JCThink) 3, no. 1 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/jcthink.v3.n1.p19.

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INTRODUCTION: The incorporation of ways of developing computer skills in primary and secondary education has been a demand in some countries, and practice in others. Among these skills, Computational Thinking (CT) has the aim of working the ability to using mental processing to find out solutions to problems. National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) of Brazil, CT appears strictly applied to the curricular component of Mathematics and focused on the use of technologies. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents the connections between CT and the skills and the subjects found in BNCC. These connections were

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Barulli, Daniel J., Brian C. Rakitin, Patrick Lemaire, and Yaakov Stern. "The Influence of Cognitive Reserve on Strategy Selection in Normal Aging." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 19, no. 7 (2013): 841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617713000593.

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AbstractCognitive reserve (CR) has been proposed as a latent variable that can account for the frequent discrepancy between an individual's underlying level of brain pathology and their observed clinical outcome. A possible behavioral manifestation of CR is best strategy choice. Older adults have been shown to choose sub-optimal strategies for performing various tasks. The present study attempted to investigate whether greater levels of CR could predict greater strategy selection, particularly in older adults. A computational estimation task was administered to 20 healthy young adults (mean ag

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Strasser, Alina, Gediminas Luksys, Lijing Xin, Mathias Pessiglione, Rolf Gruetter, and Carmen Sandi. "Glutamine-to-glutamate ratio in the nucleus accumbens predicts effort-based motivated performance in humans." Neuropsychopharmacology 45, no. 12 (2020): 2048–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-0760-6.

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Abstract Substantial evidence implicates the nucleus accumbens in motivated performance, but very little is known about the neurochemical underpinnings of individual differences in motivation. Here, we applied 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at ultra-high-field in the nucleus accumbens and inquired whether levels of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), GABA or their ratios predict interindividual differences in effort-based motivated task performance. Given the incentive value of social competition, we also examined differences in performance under self-motivated or competition settin

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Mitrasinovic, Olivera M., та Natasa A. Kablar. "P4-311: Emerging Computational Strategies Identify MyD88 As Downstream Target In Interleukin-1α Induced Signal Transduction In Alzheimer's Disease". Alzheimer's & Dementia 5, № 4S_Part_17 (2009): e21-e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2009.07.090.

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Giordano, Giulia Maria, Pasquale Pezzella, Andrea Perrottelli, and Silvana Galderisi. "‘Precision psychiatry’ needs to become part of ‘personalized psychiatry’." Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie 88, no. 12 (2020): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1211-2826.

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Abstract‘Precision medicine’ is defined as ‘an emerging approach for treatment and prevention that takes into account each person’s variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle’. Sometimes the term ‘personalized medicine’ is also used, either as a synonym or in a broader sense. In psychiatry, the term ‘personalized’ applies to different levels of health-care provision, such as the service organization and the choice of treatment plans based on the characterization of the individual patient. This approach is already feasible but, currently, it is often hampered by the shortage of human and

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Gebicke-Haerter, P. "Molecular systems biology and management of complex data sets." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 2223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73925-6.

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Theoretically, high throughput technologies that have become available in molecular biology and are continuously refined to generate even more reliable datasets permit more and more insights into ongoing dynamic events that may result in improvements of biological systems or the development of diseases. The more comprehensive datasets are the more they reflect the status of a molecular system. If they are obtained at various time points, they encompass its development. In practice, however, their biological interpretation remains a challenge. Presently, we do not have the tools required to dec

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Magnani, Lorenzo. "Thinking through drawing." Knowledge Engineering Review 28, no. 3 (2013): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988891300026x.

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AbstractThe concept ofmanipulative abductionis devoted to capture the role of action in many interesting cognitive situations: action provides otherwise unavailable information that enables the agent to solve problems by starting and performing a suitable abductive process of generation or selection of hypotheses. We observe that many external things, usually inert from an epistemological point of view, can be transformed intoepistemic mediators. I will present some details derived from the history of the discovery of the non-Euclidean geometries that illustrate the relationships between strat

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van Wouwe, Nelleke C., Kristen E. Kanoff, Daniel O. Claassen, et al. "The Allure of High-Risk Rewards in Huntington’s disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22, no. 4 (2015): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617715001241.

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AbstractObjectives: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that produces a bias toward risky, reward-driven decisions in situations where the outcomes of decisions are uncertain and must be discovered. However, it is unclear whether HD patients show similar biases in decision-making when learning demands are minimized and prospective risks and outcomes are known explicitly. We investigated how risk decision-making strategies and adjustments are altered in HD patients when reward contingencies are explicit. Methods: HD (N=18) and healthy control (HC; N=17) participants comple

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Moore, Ryan C., Angela Y. Lee, Jeffrey T. Hancock, Meghan C. Halley, and Eleni Linos. "Age-Related Differences in Experiences With Social Distancing at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Computational and Content Analytic Investigation of Natural Language From a Social Media Survey." JMIR Human Factors 8, no. 2 (2021): e26043. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26043.

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Background As COVID-19 poses different levels of threat to people of different ages, health communication regarding prevention measures such as social distancing and isolation may be strengthened by understanding the unique experiences of various age groups. Objective The aim of this study was to examine how people of different ages (1) experienced the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) their respective rates and reasons for compliance or noncompliance with social distancing and isolation health guidance. Methods We fielded a survey on social media early in the pandemic to examine the emo

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Beck, M. B. "Coping with ever larger problems, models, and data bases." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 4 (1999): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0183.

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Abstract Those who construct models, including models of the quality of the aquatic environment, are driven largely by the search for (theoretical) completeness in the products of their efforts. For if we know of something of potential relevance, and computational power is increasing, why should that something be left out? Those who use the results of such models are probably reassured by this imprimatur, of having supposedly based their decisions on the best available scientific evidence. Our models, and certainly those we would label “state-of-the-art”, seem destined always to get larger. So

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Nadia Hamlan Matouq. "The Effectiveness of Using Mental Computation to Develop Some Number Sense Skills among third-grade Primary Students: فاعلية استخدام الحساب الذهني في تنمية بعض مهارات الحس العددي لدى طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسي". مجلة العلوم التربوية و النفسية 4, № 43 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.h150620.

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The research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using mental Computation on developing some number sense skills in mathematics among third-grade primary students. The study followed the semi-experimental approach, The research sample consisted of (60) students male and female, who were distributed among two groups: the control group (30) students male and female and the experimental group (30) students male and female. The control group studied in the traditional way; the experimental group studied by using the computation strategies. The research's tools consisted of a 20-item number s

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Jacob, Paul, and Reeve Robert. "Behavioural indices of qualitative change in children's spatial and computation reasoning strategies." Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.212.00020.

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Hopkins, Sarah, James Russo, and Robert Siegler. "Is counting hindering learning? An investigation into children’s proficiency with simple addition and their flexibility with mental computation strategies." Mathematical Thinking and Learning, November 11, 2020, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10986065.2020.1842968.

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Burns, Alex. "Oblique Strategies for Ambient Journalism." M/C Journal 13, no. 2 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.230.

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Alfred Hermida recently posited ‘ambient journalism’ as a new framework for para- and professional journalists, who use social networks like Twitter for story sources, and as a news delivery platform. Beginning with this framework, this article explores the following questions: How does Hermida define ‘ambient journalism’ and what is its significance? Are there alternative definitions? What lessons do current platforms provide for the design of future, real-time platforms that ‘ambient journalists’ might use? What lessons does the work of Brian Eno provide–the musician and producer who coined

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Kuo, Chen-Yuan, Tsung-Ming Tai, Pei-Lin Lee, et al. "Improving Individual Brain Age Prediction Using an Ensemble Deep Learning Framework." Frontiers in Psychiatry 12 (March 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626677.

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Brain age is an imaging-based biomarker with excellent feasibility for characterizing individual brain health and may serve as a single quantitative index for clinical and domain-specific usage. Brain age has been successfully estimated using extensive neuroimaging data from healthy participants with various feature extraction and conventional machine learning (ML) approaches. Recently, several end-to-end deep learning (DL) analytical frameworks have been proposed as alternative approaches to predict individual brain age with higher accuracy. However, the optimal approach to select and assembl

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"The Effects of Mental Math Strategies on Pre-service Teachers’ Self-awareness and Computational Skills." Journal of Mathematics Education 10, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.26711/007577152790007.

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"Design Combinational Circuit of Reversible Circuits in Emerging Technologies for HCI." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 4 (2019): 8570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d4525.118419.

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The first aim of the thesis is to design feature selection and classification algorithms to distinguish between binary and multiple mental states. These algorithms must produce an optimal performance in terms of accuracy and computational time so that it can be used in real-time applications. Secondly, to design BCI control strategies using reversible combinational ckt like multiplexer, multiplier, adder/sub-tractor for real-time thought control of a human computer interaction (HCI). Reversible logic has emerged as one of the most important approaches and more prominent technology nowadays. Po

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Ponomarenko, Mikhail, Ekaterina Sharypova, Irina Drachkova, et al. "Unannotated single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TATA box of erythropoiesis genes show in vitro positive involvements in cognitive and mental disorders." BMC Medical Genetics 21, S1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12881-020-01106-x.

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Abstract Background Hemoglobin is a tetramer consisting of two α-chains and two β-chains of globin. Hereditary aberrations in the synthesis of one of the globin chains are at the root of thalassemia, one of the most prevalent monogenic diseases worldwide. In humans, in addition to α- and β-globins, embryonic zeta-globin and fetal γ-globin are expressed. Immediately after birth, the expression of fetal Aγ- and Gγ-globin ceases, and then adult β-globin is mostly expressed. It has been shown that in addition to erythroid cells, hemoglobin is widely expressed in nonerythroid cells including neuron

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