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Maercker, Andreas, Rahel C. Bachem, Louisa Lorenz, Christian T. Moser, and Thomas Berger. "Adjustment Disorders Are Uniquely Suited for eHealth Interventions: Concept and Case Study." JMIR Mental Health 2, no. 2 (May 8, 2015): e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.4157.
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Background Adjustment disorders (also known as mental distress in response to a stressor) are among the most frequently diagnosed mental disorders in psychiatry and clinical psychology worldwide. They are also commonly diagnosed in clients engaging in deliberate self-harm and in those consulting general practitioners. However, their reputation in research-oriented mental health remains weak since they are largely underresearched. This may change when the International Statistical Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization is introduced, including a new conceptualization of adjustment disorders as a stress-response disorder with positively defined core symptoms. Objective This paper provides an overview of evidence-based interventions for adjustment disorders. Methods We reviewed the new ICD-11 concept of adjustment disorder and discuss the the rationale and case study of an unguided self-help protocol for burglary victims with adjustment disorder, and its possible implementation as an eHealth intervention. Results Overall, the treatment with the self-help manual reduced symptoms of adjustment disorder, namely preoccupation and failure to adapt, as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions E-mental health options are considered uniquely suited for offering early intervention after the experiences of stressful life events that potentially trigger adjustment disorders.
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Kardis, Mahesa Permana, and Alifiati Fitrikasari. "Mental Disorder in Obesity." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 2029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211572029.
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Background: Obesity is a condition of incompatibility between body weight and height that shows a value above the normal range of body mass index. Obesity has an impact on the individual's psychological developmental processes. Limitations of Research on the relationship between obesity and mental disorders lead researchers to be interested in knowing whether there are incidents and types of mental disorders in obese individuals. Objective: To investigate mental disorders in individual with obesity. Methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional study. A total of 45 respondents who met the inclusion criteria according to WHO Asia Pacific obesity criteria (BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m2) were screened using MINI ICD 10. Statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney Test and Fisher’s Exact Test to determine the relationship of mental disorders incident with the demographic characteristics of respondents. Gamma and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine the relationship between mental disorders types with the demographic characteristics of respondents. Results: There were eight of 45 respondents experiencing mental disorders. The study found that three respondents were diagnosed with general anxiety disorder, three with depression, one with distimia, and one with mania at past. There was no significant relationship between mental disorders incidents and demographic characteristics. The relationship between types of mental disorders with a history of mental disorders in the nuclear family showed significant results. Conclusion: There were mental disorders in obese individuals. Most mental disorders diagnosis were depression and general anxiety disorder. Keywords: Obesity, Mental disorder
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Meuldijk, Denise, Erik J. Giltay, Ingrid VE Carlier, Irene M. van Vliet, Albert M. van Hemert, and Frans G. Zitman. "A Validation Study of the Web Screening Questionnaire (WSQ) Compared With the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus)." JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 3 (August 29, 2017): e35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5453.
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Background There is a need for brief screening methods for psychiatric disorders in clinical practice. This study assesses the validity and accuracy of a brief self-report screening questionnaire, the Web Screening Questionnaire (WSQ), in detecting psychiatric disorders in a study group comprising the general population and psychiatric outpatients aged 18 years and older. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether the WSQ is an adequate test to screen for the presence of depressive and anxiety disorders in clinical practice. Methods Participants were 1292 adults (1117 subjects from the general population and 175 psychiatric outpatients), aged 18 to 65 years. The discriminant characteristics of the WSQ were examined in relation to the (“gold standard”) Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus) disorders, by means of sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and positive and negative predictive values (PPVs, NPVs). Results The specificity of the WSQ to individually detect depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and alcohol abuse or dependence ranged from 0.89 to 0.97 for most disorders, with the exception of post-traumatic stress disorder (0.52) and specific phobia (0.73). The sensitivity values ranged from 0.67 to 1.00, with the exception of depressive disorder (0.56) and alcohol abuse or dependence (0.56). Given the low prevalence of separate disorders in the general population sample, NPVs were extremely high across disorders (≥0.97), whereas PPVs were of poor strength (range 0.02-0.33). Conclusions In this study group, the WSQ was a relatively good screening tool to identify individuals without a depressive or anxiety disorder, as it accurately identified those unlikely to suffer from these disorders (except for post-traumatic stress disorders and specific phobias). However, in case of a positive WSQ screening result, further diagnostic procedures are required.
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Smith, J. J. "Mental Disorder." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 106, no. 1 (February 1986): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642408610600109.
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Emmelkamp, Paul M. G., and Katharina Meyerbröker. "Virtual Reality Therapy in Mental Health." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 17, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 495–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-115923.
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Initially designed for the treatment of phobias, the use of virtual reality in phobic disorders has expanded to other mental health disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, substance-related disorders, eating disorders, psychosis, and autism spectrum disorder. The goal of this review is to provide an accessible understanding of why this approach is important for future practice, given its potential to provide clinically relevant information associated with the assessment and treatment of people suffering from mental illness. Most of the evidence is available for the use of virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. There is hardly any evidence that virtual reality therapy is effective in generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. There is increasing evidence that cue exposure therapy is effective in addiction and eating disorders. Studies into the use of virtual reality therapy in psychosis, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are promising.
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Bardone, Anna M., Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, Nigel Dickson, and Phil A. Silva. "Adult mental health and social outcomes of adolescent girls with depression and conduct disorder." Development and Psychopathology 8, no. 4 (1996): 811–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400007446.
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AbstractFollow-up studies of adolescent depression and conduct disorder have pointed to homotypic continuity, but less information exists about outcomes beyond mental disorders and about the extent to which adolescents with different disorders experience different versus similar difficulties during the transition to adulthood. We assessed the continuity of adolescent disorder by following girls in a complete birth cohort who at age 15 were depressed (n = 27), conduct disordered (n = 37), or without a mental health disorder (n = 341) into young adulthood (age 21) to identify their outcomes in three domains: mental health and illegal behavior, human capital, and relationship and family formation. We found homotypic continuity; in general, depressed girls became depressed women and conduct disordered girls developed antisocial personality disorder symptoms by age 21. Conduct disorder exclusively predicted at age 21: antisocial personality disorder, substance dependence, illegal behavior, dependence on multiple welfare sources, early home leaving, multiple cohabitation partners, and physical partner violence. Depression exclusively predicted depression at age 21. Examples of equifinality (where alternate pathways lead to the same outcome) surfaced, as both adolescent disorders predicted at age 21: anxiety disorder, multiple drug use, early school leaving, low school attainment, any cohabitation, pregnancy, and early child bearing.
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Antunes, Ana, Diana Frasquilho, Sofia Azeredo-Lopes, Daniel Neto, Manuela Silva, Graça Cardoso, and José Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida. "Disability and common mental disorders: Results from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative Portugal." European Psychiatry 49 (2018): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.004.
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AbstractBackgroundCommon mental disorders are highly prevalent and disabling, leading to substantial individual and societal costs. This study aims to characterize the association between disability and common mental disorders in Portugal, using epidemiological data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative.MethodsTwelve-month common mental disorders were assessed with the CIDI 3.0. Disability was evaluated with the modified WMHS WHODAS-II. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between disability and each disorder or diagnostic category (mood or anxiety disorders).ResultsAmong people with a common mental disorder, 14.6% reported disability. The specific diagnoses significantly associated with disability were post-traumatic stress disorder (OR: 6.69; 95% CI: 3.20, 14.01), major depressive disorder (OR: 3.49; 95% CI: 2.13, 5.72), bipolar disorder (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.04, 11.12) and generalized anxiety disorder (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.43, 6.90). Both categories of anxiety and mood disorders were significantly associated with disability (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.86 and OR: 3.94; 95% CI: 2.45, 6.34 respectively).ConclusionsThe results of this study add to the current knowledge in this area by assessing the disability associated with common mental disorders using a multi-dimensional instrument, which may contribute to mental health policy efforts in the development of interventions to reduce the burden of disability associated with common mental disorders.
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Bolsoni, Lívia Maria, Leonardo Moscovici, João Mazzoncini De Azevedo Marques, and Antonio Waldo Zuardi. "Specific mental disorder screening compilation may detect general mental disorders." Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade 13, no. 40 (April 30, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc13(40)1685.
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Objective: To evaluate whether a short compilation of screening tools for specific disorders could identify Mental or Emotional Disorders (MEDs) in the general population. Methods: We selected validated screening tools for the most prevalent MEDs. In order to be selected, these tools should maintain the psychometric properties of the complete instrument with a reduced number of items. These instruments were: Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2), item 3 of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and three items on the Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (APSS-3). We called this compilation of screening tools Mini Screening for Mental Disorders (Mini-SMD). The study was divided in two phases. Firstly, 545 subjects were interviewed with the Mini-SMD and COOP/WONCA-Feelings at their residences. Subsequently, subjects who had agreed to participate (230) were reinterviewed with Mini-SMD, COOP/WONCA-Feelings and MINI interview. Test-retest reliability was calculated by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for the analysis of discriminative validity. Concurrent validity was calculated by analyzing the correlation between Mini-SMD and COOP/WONCA-Feelings. Results: The joint administration of screening tools for specific disorders showed sensitivities that ranged from 0.76 to 0.88 and specificities from 0.67 to 0.85. The ICC value for the total score of Mini-SMD was 0.78. The area under the curve was 0.84, with a sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.76 (for a cutoff ≥ 4). Conclusion: This study showed that a short compilation of screening tools for specific disorders can detect MEDs in general population.
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Tye, Christine S., and Paul E. Mullen. "Mental Disorders in Female Prisoners." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 3 (March 2006): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01784.x.
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Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the rates of mental disorder among women in prison in Victoria, and to compare with community rates. Design: A midnight census of all women in prison in Victoria was undertaken. Respondents were interviewed with a version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), an adapted version of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+) and a demographics questionnaire. Main Outcome Measures: Twelve-month prevalence rates of ICD-10 mental disorders including depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and drug-related disorders were examined. Prevalence of personality disorders was also investigated. Results: Eighty-four per cent of the female prisoners interviewed met the criteria for a mental disorder (including substance harmful use/dependence) in the year prior to interview. This rate was reduced to 66% when drug-related disorders were excluded. Fortythree per cent of subjects were identified as cases on a personality disorder screener. For all disorders, (except obsessive-compulsive disorder and alcohol harmful use) women in prison had a significantly greater likelihood of having met the 12-month diagnostic criteria when compared to women in the community. The most prevalent disorders among the female prisoners were: drug use disorder (57%), major depression (44%), Posttraumatic stress disorder (36%), and personality disorders. Almost a quarter (24%) of respondents were identified as a ‘case’ on the psychosis screen. Conclusions: In the present study female prisoners had significantly higher rates of the mental disorders investigated (with the exceptions of OCD and alcohol harmful use) when compared with women in the community. The pattern of disorder found among female prisoners is consistent with the abuse literature, suggesting that histories of abuse among the prison population may account for part of the discrepancy. These results highlight the need for improved assessment and treatment resources to meet the demands of this population.
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Vasilieva, S. N., G. G. Simutkin, E. D. Schastnyy, E. V. Lebedeva, and N. A. Bokhan. "Bipolar Disorder: Comorbidity with Other Mental Disorders." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 3 (October 14, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-3-15-21.
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Failure to diagnose bipolar disorder (BD) in time leads to an increase in suicide risk, worse prognosis of the disease, and an increase in the socioeconomic burden. Aim: to assess the incidence of comorbidity of bipolar disorder (BD) and other mental and behavioral disorders, as well as the sequence of formation of this multimorbidity. Patients and methods: in the Affective States Department of the Mental Health Research Institute TNRMC, 121 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were selected for the study group according to the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. The predominance of women in the study group was revealed (n = 83; 68.6%; p < 0.01). Median age of male patients was 36 [30; 54] years, for females — 47 [34; 55] years. Results: data were obtained on a high level of comorbidity in the study group: in 46.3% of patients, BD was combined with another mental disorder. It was found that personality disorders as a comorbid disorder in type I bipolar disorder are less common than in type II bipolar disorder. Gender differences were found in the incidence of anxiety-phobic spectrum and substance use disorders in bipolar disorder. The features of the chronology of the development of bipolar disorder and associated mental disorders have been revealed. Conclusion: in the case of bipolar disorder, there is a high likelihood of comorbidity with other mental disorders. Certain patterns in the chronology of the formation of comorbid relationships between BD and concomitant mental and behavioral disorders were revealed.
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Zonda, Tamás, and Gabriella Nagy. "Panic disorder and suicide behavior." Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika 10, no. 2 (June 2009): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mental.10.2009.2.2.
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Harris, Clare, and Brian Barraclough. "Excess mortality of mental disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 173, no. 1 (July 1998): 11–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.1.11.
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BackgroundWe describe the increased risk of premature death from natural and from unnatural causes for the common mental disorders.MethodWith a Medline search (1966–1995) we found 152 English language reports on the mortality of mental disorder which met our inclusion criteria. From these reports, covering 27 mental disorder categories and eight treatment categories, we calculated standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all causes of death, all natural causes and all unnatural causes; and for most, SMRs for suicide, other violent causes and specific natural causes.ResultsHighest risks of premature death, from both natural and unnatural causes, are for substance abuse and eating disorders. Risk of death from unnatural causes is especially high for the functional disorders, particularly schizophrenia and major depression. Deaths from natural causes are markedly increased for organic mental disorders, mental retardation and epilepsy.ConclusionAll mental disorders have an increased risk of premature death.
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de Jonge, Peter, Klaas J. Wardenaar, Carmen C. W. Lim, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Jordi Alonso, Laura Helena Andrade, Brendan Bunting, et al. "The cross-national structure of mental disorders: results from the World Mental Health Surveys." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 12 (December 19, 2017): 2073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717003610.
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AbstractBackgroundThe patterns of comorbidity among mental disorders have led researchers to model the underlying structure of psychopathology. While studies have suggested a structure including internalizing and externalizing disorders, less is known with regard to the cross-national stability of this model. Moreover, little data are available on the placement of eating disorders, bipolar disorder and psychotic experiences (PEs) in this structure.MethodsWe evaluated the structure of mental disorders with data from the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, including 15 lifetime mental disorders and six PEs. Respondents (n= 5478–15 499) were included from 10 high-, middle- and lower middle-income countries across the world aged 18 years or older. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to evaluate and compare the fit of different factor structures to the lifetime disorder data. Measurement invariance was evaluated with multigroup CFA (MG-CFA).ResultsA second-order model with internalizing and externalizing factors and fear and distress subfactors best described the structure of common mental disorders. MG-CFA showed that this model was stable across countries. Of the uncommon disorders, bipolar disorder and eating disorder were best grouped with the internalizing factor, and PEs with a separate factor.ConclusionsThese results indicate that cross-national patterns of lifetime common mental-disorder comorbidity can be explained with a second-order underlying structure that is stable across countries and can be extended to also cover less common mental disorders.
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Suvisaari, J., T. Aalto-Setälä, A. Tuulio-Henriksson, T. Härkänen, S. I. Saarni, J. Perälä, M. Schreck, et al. "Mental disorders in young adulthood." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 2 (May 28, 2008): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708003632.
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BackgroundThe effect of mental disorders may be particularly detrimental in early adulthood, and information on mental disorders and their correlates in this age group is important.MethodA questionnaire focusing on mental health was sent to a nationally representative two-stage cluster sample of 1863 Finns aged 19 to 34 years. Based on a mental health screen, all screen-positives and a random sample of screen-negatives were asked to participate in a mental health assessment, consisting of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I) interview and neuropsychological assessment. We also obtained case-notes from all lifetime mental health treatments. This paper presents prevalences, sociodemographic associations and treatment contacts for current and lifetime mental disorders.ResultsForty percent of these young Finnish adults had at least one lifetime DSM-IV Axis I disorder, and 15% had a current disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were depressive disorders (17.7%) followed by substance abuse or dependence (14.2%) and anxiety disorders (12.6%). Of persons with any lifetime Axis I disorder, 59.2% had more than one disorder. Lower education and unemployment were strongly associated with current and lifetime disorders, particularly involving substance use. Although 58.3% of persons with a current Axis I disorder had received treatment at some point, only 24.2% had current treatment contact. However, 77.1% of persons with a current Axis I disorder who felt in need of treatment for mental health problems had current treatment contact.ConclusionsMental disorders in young adulthood are common and often co-morbid, and they may be particularly harmful for education and employment in this age group.
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JA, Fernandez. "Dual Disorder: Substance Use Disorder in People with Severe Mental Disorders." Journal of Addiction & Addictive Disorders 9, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/aad-7276/100079.
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History of the concept: In the early 1980s, Pepper and Ryglewicz [1] used the acronym YACP (Young Adult Chronic Patient) to define a new profile of “new chronics” as opposed to the profile of the “old institutionalised chronic”.
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Fulford, Hamish, Linda McSwiggan, Thilo Kroll, and Stephen MacGillivray. "Exploring the Use of Information and Communication Technology by People With Mood Disorder: A Systematic Review and Metasynthesis." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): e30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5966.
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Background There is a growing body of evidence relating to how information and communication technology (ICT) can be used to support people with physical health conditions. Less is known regarding mental health, and in particular, mood disorder. Objective To conduct a metasynthesis of all qualitative studies exploring the use of ICTs by people with mood disorder. Methods Searches were run in eight electronic databases using a systematic search strategy. Qualitative and mixed-method studies published in English between 2007 and 2014 were included. Thematic synthesis was used to interpret and synthesis the results of the included studies. Results Thirty-four studies were included in the synthesis. The methodological design of the studies was qualitative or mixed-methods. A global assessment of study quality identified 22 studies as strong and 12 weak with most having a typology of findings either at topical or thematic survey levels of data transformation. A typology of ICT use by people with mood disorder was created as a result of synthesis. Conclusions The systematic review and metasynthesis clearly identified a gap in the research literature as no studies were identified, which specifically researched how people with mood disorder use mobile ICT. Further qualitative research is recommended to understand the meaning this type of technology holds for people. Such research might provide valuable information on how people use mobile technology in their lives in general and also, more specifically, how they are being used to help with their mood disorders.
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Scott, Kate M., Magnus A. McGee, Mark A. Oakley Browne, and J. Elisabeth Wells. "Mental Disorder Comorbidity in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 10 (October 2006): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01906.x.
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Objective: To show the extent and patterning of 12 month mental disorder comorbidity in the New Zealand population, and its association with case severity, suicidality and health service utilization. Method: A nationwide face-to-face household survey was carried out in October 2003 to December 2004 with 12 992 participants aged 16 years and over, achieving a response rate of 73.3%. The measurement of mental disorder was with the World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Comorbidity was analysed with hierarchy, consistent with a clinical approach to disorder count. Results: Comorbidity occurred among 37% of 12 month cases. Anxiety and mood disorders were most frequently comorbid. Strong bivariate associations occurred between alcohol and drug use disorders and, to a lesser extent, between substance use disorders and some anxiety and mood disorders. Comorbidity was associated with case severity, with suicidal behaviour (especially suicide attempts) and with health sector use (especially mental health service use). Conclusion: The widespread nature of mental disorder comorbidity has implications for the configuration of mental health services and for clinical practice.
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Baxter, Joanne, Te Kani Kingi, Rees Tapsell, Mason Durie, and Magnus A. Mcgee. "Prevalence of Mental Disorders Among Māori in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 10 (October 2006): 914–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01911.x.
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Objective: To describe the prevalence of mental disorders (period prevalence across aggregated disorders, 12 month and lifetime prevalence) among Māori in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey. Method: Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey, undertaken between 2003 and 2004, was a nationally representative face-to-face household survey of 12 992 New Zealand adults aged 16 years and over, including 2595 Māori. Ethnicity was measured using the 2001 New Zealand census ethnicity question. A fully structured diagnostic interview, the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), was used to measure disorder. The overall response rate was 73.3%. This paper presents selected findings for the level and pattern of mental disorder prevalence among Māori. Results: Māori lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 50.7%, 12 month prevalence 29.5% and 1 month prevalence 18.3%. The most common 12 month disorders were anxiety (19.4%), mood (11.4%) and substance (8.6%) disorders and the most common lifetime disorders were anxiety (31.3%), substance (26.5%) and mood (24.3%) disorders. Levels of lifetime comorbidity were high with 12 month prevalence showing 16.4% of Māori with one disorder, 7.6% with two disorders and 5.5% with three or more disorders. Twelvemonth disorders were more common in Māori females than in males (33.6% vs 24.8%) and in younger age groups: 16–24 years, 33.2%; 25–44 years, 32.9%; 45–64 years, 23.7%; and 65 years and over, 7.9%. Disorder prevalence was greatest among Māori with the lowest equivalized household income and least education. However, differences by urbanicity and region were not significant. Of Māori with any 12 month disorder, 29.6% had serious, 42.6% had moderate and 27.8% had mild disorders. Conclusion: Mental disorders overall and specific disorder groups (anxiety, mood and substance) are common among Māori and measures of severity indicate that disorders have considerable health impact. Findings provide a platform for informing public health policy and health sector responses to meeting mental health needs of Māori.
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Kang, Sam, Denise Razzouk, Jair Jesus de Mari, and Itiro Shirakawa. "The mental health of Korean immigrants in São Paulo, Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25, no. 4 (April 2009): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2009000400013.
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This study investigated the frequency of lifetime mental disorders among Korean immigrants in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Snowball sampling with multiple focuses was used to recruit Korean immigrants older than 18 years and living in São Paulo. A total of 324 Korean immigrants were selected and their mental status was evaluated using a structured interview, namely the Portuguese or the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1. The diagnoses of mental disorders were made according to the ICD-10. The frequency of any lifetime psychiatric disorder was 41.9%. The frequencies of main disorders were: anxiety disorder, 13% (post-traumatic stress disorder, 9.6%); mood disorder, 8.6%; somatoform disorders, 7.4%; dissociative disorder, 4.9%; psychotic disorder, 4.3%; eating disorder, 0.6%; any substance (tobacco, alcohol, drugs) use disorder, 23.1%. The frequency of any psychiatric disorder except alcohol and tobacco use disorders was 26.2%. Korean immigrants have more psychiatric disorders than the Korean population in Korea, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder, and almost the same rate as the Brazilian population. Mental health authorities should promote a healthier integration and the development of culturally sensitive mental health programs for Korean immigrants.
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Gomes, Ana Paula, Ana Luiza G. Soares, Christian Kieling, Luis Augusto Rohde, and Helen Gonçalves. "Mental disorders and suicide risk in emerging adulthood: the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (October 22, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.20190530012356.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of some mental disorders and suicide risk, and the association between them in youths. METHODS: Data from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil) was used. The prevalence of mental disorders at 22 years [major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorders type 1 and 2 (BD1; BD2), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and antisocial personality disorder (APD)] and of suicide risk were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (n = 3,781). Comorbidity between disorders was also assessed. Association of each mental disorder and the number of disorders with suicide risk was assessed using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of any mental disorder was 19.1% (95%CI 17.8–20.3), and GAD was the most prevalent (10.4%; 95%CI 9.5–11.4). The prevalence of current suicide risk was 8.8% (95%CI 5.9–9.7). All disorders (except APD) and the suicide risk were higher among women. Mental disorders were associated with a higher suicide risk, with the highest risks being observed for MDD (RR = 5.6; 95%CI 4.1–7.8) and PTSD (RR = 5.0; 95%CI 3.9–6.3). The higher the number of co-occurring mental disorders, the higher the risk of suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that about 20% of the youths had at least one mental disorder. However, this prevalence is underestimated since other relevant mental disorders were not assessed. Mental disorders were associated with higher suicide risk, especially the comorbidity between them
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Tsou, Jonathan Y. "Defining Mental Disorder." Metascience 18, no. 2 (May 13, 2009): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-009-9269-7.
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Túry, Ferenc, and Andrea Gyányi. "Body fat phobia. A modern form of disordered eating: the eating disorder body builder type." Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika 8, no. 3 (September 2007): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mental.8.2007.3.3.
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Wang, Ling, Hangyu Liu, and Tiehua Zhou. "A Sequential Emotion Approach for Diagnosing Mental Disorder on Social Media." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051647.
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Mental disorder has been affecting numerous individuals; however, mental health care is in a passive state where only a minority of individuals actively seek professional help. Due to the rapid development of social networks, individuals accustomed to expressing their raw feelings on social media include patients who are suffering great pain from mental disorders. To distinguish individuals who merely feel sad and others who have mental disorders, the symptoms of mental disorder are taken into consideration. These symptoms constantly arise as a regular pattern like shifting of emotions or repeating of one representative emotion during a certain time. We proposed a Mental Disorder Identification Model (MDI-Model) to identify the four most commonly occurring mental disorders in the world: anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The MDI-Model compares the sequential emotion pattern from users to identify mental disorders to detect those who are in a high risk. Tweets of diagnosed mental disorder users were analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of the MDI-Model, furthermore, the tweets of users from six different occupations were analyzed to verify the precision and predict the tendency of mental disorder among the different occupations. Results show that the MDI-Model can efficiently diagnose users with high precision in different mental statuses as severe, moderate, and mild stage, or tendency of mental disorder and mentally healthy status.
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Taylor, Pamela J., Morven Leese, Deborah Williams, Martin Butwell, Rachel Daly, and Emmet Larkin. "Mental disorder and violence." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, no. 3 (March 1998): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.3.218.
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BackgroundFrom a first clinical description of a complete resident sample of special (high security) hospital patients, we examined the association between mental disorder and violence.MethodA record survey of all 1740 patients resident at any time between 1 January and 30 June 1993. inclusive, and, for most, the official criminal record.Results1015 patients (58%) had functional psychosis, one-quarter of whom also had an independent personality disorder: 461 (26%)had personality disorders uncomplicated by psychosis, and 264 (16%) had learning disabilities. Pre-admission substance misuse, which was probably under-recorded, had been most common among those with psychosis and an independent personality disorder. Less than 10% had never been convicted of a criminal offence, although 25% had been admitted directly from other hospitals. Direct personal violence was more common among men, and fire-setting among women. Schizophrenia was most strongly associated with personal violence. More than 75% of those with a psychosis were recorded as being driven to offend by their delusions. In the absence of delusions, hallucinations had no such effect.ConclusionsFor people with personality disorder better clinical descriptions seem essential. For people with a pure psychosis, as symptoms were usually a factor driving the index offence, treatment appears as important for public safety as for personal health.
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Hsieh, Ming-Hong, Po-Chung Ju, Jeng-Yuan Chiou, Yu-Hsun Wang, Jong-Yi Wang, and Cheng-Chen Chang. "Spousal Concordance and Cross-Disorder Concordance of Mental Disorders: A Nationwide Cohort Study." Psychiatry Investigation 19, no. 10 (October 25, 2022): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2022.0009.
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Objective Although both partners of a married couple can have mental disorders, the concordant and cross-concordant categories of disorders in couples remain unclear. Using national psychiatric population-based data only from patients with mental disorders, we examined married couples with mental disorders to examine spousal concordance and cross-disorder concordance across the full spectrum of mental disorders.Methods Data from the 1997 to 2012 Taiwan Psychiatric Inpatient Medical Claims data set were used and a total of 662 married couples were obtained. Concordance of mental disorders was determined if both spouses were diagnosed with mental disorder of an identical category in the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification; otherwise, cross-concordance was reported.Results According to Cohen’s kappa coefficient, the most concordant mental disorder in couples was substance use disorder, followed by bipolar disorder. Depressive and anxiety disorders were the most common cross-concordant mental disorders, followed by bipolar disorder. The prevalence of the spousal concordance of mental disorders differed by monthly income and the couple’s age disparity.Conclusion Evidence of spousal concordance and cross-concordance for mental disorders may highlight the necessity of understanding the social context of marriage in the etiology of mental illness. Identifying the risk factors from a common environment attributable to mental disorders may enhance public health strategies to prevent and improve chronic mental illness of married couples.
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Zhou, Tie, Gong Hu, and Ling Wang. "Psychological Disorder Identifying Method Based on Emotion Perception over Social Networks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 16, 2019): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060953.
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The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) has stated that over 1.1 billion people suffered from mental disorders globally in 2016, and the burden of mental disorders has continued to grow with impacts on social development. Despite the implementation of strategies for promotion and prevention in mental health WHO’s Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020, the difficulty of diagnosis of mental disorders makes the objective “To provide comprehensive, integrated, and responsive mental health and social care services in community-based settings” hard to carry out. This paper presents a mental-disorder-aided diagnosis model (MDAD) to quantify the multipolarity sentiment affect intensity of users’ short texts in social networks in order to analyze the 11-dimensional sentiment distribution. We searched the five mental disorder topics and collected data based on Twitter hashtag. Through sentiment distribution similarity calculations and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), people with a high probability of suffering from mental disorder can be detected in real time. In particular, mental health warnings can be made in time for users with an obvious emotional tendency in their tweets. In the experiments, we make a comprehensive evaluation of MDAD by five common adult mental disorders: depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder, and panic disorder. Our proposed model can effectively diagnose common mental disorders by sentiment multipolarity analysis, providing strong support for the prevention and diagnosis of mental disorders.
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Reale, L., and M. Bonati. "Mental disorders and transition to adult mental health services: A scoping review." European Psychiatry 30, no. 8 (October 21, 2015): 932–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.07.011.
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AbstractBackgroundData are progressively accumulating regarding the transition to adult services.MethodsA comprehensive search using the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases up until 16 March 2015 was conducted in order to summarize recent evidence on the transition from child to adult mental health services for patients with mental disorders. Authors extracted data and assessed study quality independently.ResultsThe main findings of the 33 included studies were discussed taking into consideration four aspects: experiences of patients, carers, and clinicians, accounts of transition, current services models and protocols, and outcomes of transition. Of the 33 studies, 17 focused on a specific mental disorder: seven on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, four on intellectual disability, three on eating disorders, two on serious emotional disorders and one on autism spectrum disorder. An attempt was also made to integrate the studies’ conclusions in order to improve transitional care.ConclusionsThe review reveals an evident need for longitudinal, controlled, health services research to identify and evaluate optimal service models with systematic and seamless transition protocols for patients with mental disorders requiring continuity of care into adult mental services.
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Scott, Kate M., Mark A. Oakley Browne, Magnus A. Mcgee, and J. Elisabeth Wells. "Mental-Physical Comorbidity in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 10 (October 2006): 882–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01907.x.
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Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic physical conditions, and the risk factors for those conditions, among those with 12 month mental disorder; to estimate the prevalence of 12 month mental disorder among those with chronic physical conditions. Method: A nationally representative face-to-face household survey was carried out in October 2003 to December 2004 with 12 992 participants aged 16 years and over, achieving a response rate of 73.3%. Mental disorders were measured with the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Physical conditions were self-reported. All associations are reported adjusted for age and sex. Results: People with (any) mental disorder, relative to those without mental disorder, had higher prevalences of several chronic physical conditions (chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and respiratory conditions) and chronic condition risk factors (smoking, overweight/obesity, hazardous alcohol use). Around a quarter of people with chronic physical conditions had a comorbid mental disorder compared with 15% of the population without chronic conditions. Significant relationships occurred between some mental disorders and obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes for females, but not for males. Conclusions: This paper provides evidence of substantial comorbidity between mental disorders and chronic physical conditions in New Zealand. This should be borne in mind by clinicians working in both mental health and medical services.
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Lapalme, Micheline, Sheilagh Hodgins, and Catherine LaRoche. "Children of Parents with Bipolar Disorder: A Metaanalysis of Risk for Mental Disorders." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 42, no. 6 (August 1997): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379704200609.
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Objective: To compare the prevalence rates of mental disorders among children of parents with bipolar disorder and of parents with no mental disorders. Method: Seventeen studies, meeting specific selection criteria, were included in the metaanalyses. Risks for mental disorders among children were estimated by aggregating raw data from the selected studies. Results: Results indicate that in comparison with children of parents with no mental disorders, children of parents with bipolar disorder are 2.7 times more likely to develop any mental disorder and 4.0 times more likely to develop an affective disorder. The metaanalyses indicate that during childhood and adolescence, the risks for any mental disorder and for affective disorders in children are consistently but moderately related to having a parent who suffers from bipolar disorder. Conclusions: Risk factors that could account for the psychopathology observed in children of bipolar parents are explored.
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Duggan, C., J. Milton, V. Egan, L. McCarthy, B. Palmer, and A. Lee. "Theories of general personality and mental disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 182, S44 (January 2003): s19—s23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.44.s19.
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BackgroundA major short coming of current research into personality is its failure to explore the relationship between theories of general personality and mental disorder.AimsTo provide preliminary data to address this deficit.MethodIn the first of two studies, we examined the relationship between the Neuroticism, Extraversion and Other – Five-Factor Inventory (NEO–FFI) and DSM personality disorders in a consecutive series of mentally disordered offenders. In the second, we sought to separate the personality dimension neuroticism from symptoms of depressive disorder in a sample of subjects with current depression.ResultsFactors from the NEO–FFI were associated with different personality disorders in a predictable manner (first study). It was possible to identify a component of neuroticism (i.e. ‘worry’) that could be separated from depressive symptoms (second study).ConclusionsTheories of general personality theory can enlighten and refine descriptions of abnormal mental states by informing both their aetiology and their prognosis.
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Jha, Anjani Kumar, Saroj Prasad Ojha, Sushma Dahal, Pawan Sharma, Sagun Ballav Pant, Sweta Labh, Kedar Marahatta, et al. "Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Nepal: Findings from the Pilot Study." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 17, no. 2 (August 4, 2019): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v0i0.1960.
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Background: The global prevalence of mental disorders is high and has an increasing trend. In Nepal, there is dearth in literature on prevalence of mental disorders based on national representative sample. In this study, we aim to present the findings on the prevalence of mental disorders from the pilot study of National Mental Health Survey, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1647 participants aged 13 years and above in three districts of Nepal: Dhanusha, Bhaktapur and Dolakha each representing three ecological regions. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) standard version 7.0.2 for DSM-5 was used for adults (aged 18 years and above), and kid version of the same tool was used for children (aged 13-17 years) in Nepali language. Separate sets of questions were added for epilepsy and dissociative conversion disorder that were not in the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview tool. Prevalence of assessed mental disorders was reported separately for adults and children.Results: The current prevalence of mental disorders among adults and children were 13.2% and 11.2% respectively. Substance use disorder, dissociative conversion disorder, major depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder and psychotic disorder were common among adults. Similarly, psychotic disorder, agoraphobia, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders were common among children. Current suicidality was present among 10.9% adults and 8.7% children.Conclusions: Our findings from the pilot study have given insight into the prevalence of different mental disorders in the survey areas. These findings can be utilized for planning the National Mental Health Survey, Nepal. Keywords: Mental disorders; mental health survey; MINI; Nepal; pilot study.
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Sander, Lasse, Leonie Rausch, and Harald Baumeister. "Effectiveness of Internet-Based Interventions for the Prevention of Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 3 (August 17, 2016): e38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.6061.
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Background Mental disorders are highly prevalent and associated with considerable disease burden and personal and societal costs. However, they can be effectively reduced through prevention measures. The Internet as a medium appears to be an opportunity for scaling up preventive interventions to a population level. Objective The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the current state of research on Internet-based interventions for the prevention of mental disorders to give a comprehensive overview of this fast-growing field. Methods A systematic database search was conducted (CENTRAL, Medline, PsycINFO). Studies were selected according to defined eligibility criteria (adult population, Internet-based mental health intervention, including a control group, reporting onset or severity data, randomized controlled trial). Primary outcome was onset of mental disorder. Secondary outcome was symptom severity. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Meta-analytical pooling of results took place if feasible. Results After removing duplicates, 1169 studies were screened of which 17 were eligible for inclusion. Most studies examined prevention of eating disorders or depression or anxiety. Two studies on posttraumatic stress disorder and 1 on panic disorder were also included. Overall study quality was moderate. Only 5 studies reported incidence data assessed by means of standardized clinical interviews (eg, SCID). Three of them found significant differences in onset with a number needed to treat of 9.3-41.3. Eleven studies found significant improvements in symptom severity with small-to-medium effect sizes (d=0.11- d=0.76) in favor of the intervention groups. The meta-analysis conducted for depression severity revealed a posttreatment pooled effect size of standardized mean difference (SMD) =−0.35 (95% CI, −0.57 to −0.12) for short-term follow-up, SMD = −0.22 (95% CI, −0.37 to −0.07) for medium-term follow-up, and SMD = −0.14 (95% CI, -0.36 to 0.07) for long-term follow-up in favor of the Internet-based psychological interventions when compared with waitlist or care as usual. Conclusions Internet-based interventions are a promising approach to prevention of mental disorders, enhancing existing methods. Study results are still limited due to inadequate diagnostic procedures. To be able to appropriately comment on effectiveness, future studies need to report incidence data assessed by means of standardized interviews. Public health policy should promote research to reduce health care costs over the long term, and health care providers should implement existing, demonstrably effective interventions into routine care.
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Carron-Arthur, Bradley, Julia Reynolds, Kylie Bennett, Anthony Bennett, John Alastair Cunningham, and Kathleen Margaret Griffiths. "Community Structure of a Mental Health Internet Support Group: Modularity in User Thread Participation." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2016): e20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.4961.
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Background Little is known about the community structure of mental health Internet support groups, quantitatively. A greater understanding of the factors, which lead to user interaction, is needed to explain the design information of these services and future research concerning their utility. Objective A study was conducted to determine the characteristics of users associated with the subgroup community structure of an Internet support group for mental health issues. Methods A social network analysis of the Internet support group BlueBoard (blueboard.anu.edu.au) was performed to determine the modularity of the community using the Louvain method. Demographic characteristics age, gender, residential location, type of user (consumer, carer, or other), registration date, and posting frequency in subforums (depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, borderline personality disorder, eating disorders, carers, general (eg, “chit chat”), and suggestions box) of the BlueBoard users were assessed as potential predictors of the resulting subgroup structure. Results The analysis of modularity identified five main subgroups in the BlueBoard community. Registration date was found to be the largest contributor to the modularity outcome as observed by multinomial logistic regression. The addition of this variable to the final model containing all other factors improved its classification accuracy by 46.3%, that is, from 37.9% to 84.2%. Further investigation of this variable revealed that the most active and central users registered significantly earlier than the median registration time in each group. Conclusions The five subgroups resembled five generations of BlueBoard in distinct eras that transcended discussion about different mental health issues. This finding may be due to the activity of highly engaged and central users who communicate with many other users. Future research should seek to determine the generalizability of this finding and investigate the role that highly active and central users may play in the formation of this phenomenon.
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Bruffaerts, Ronny, Jose Posada-Villa, Ali Obaid Al-Hamzawi, Oye Gureje, Yueqin Huang, Chiyi Hu, Evelyn J. Bromet, et al. "Proportion of patients without mental disorders being treated in mental health services worldwide." British Journal of Psychiatry 206, no. 2 (February 2015): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.141424.
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BackgroundPrevious research suggests that many people receiving mental health treatment do not meet criteria for a mental disorder but are rather ‘the worried well’.AimsTo examine the association of past-year mental health treatment with DSM-IV disorders.MethodThe World Health Organization's World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys interviewed community samples of adults in 23 countries (n = 62 305) about DSM-IV disorders and treatment in the past 12 months for problems with emotions, alcohol or drugs.ResultsRoughly half (52%) of people who received treatment met criteria for a past-year DSM-IV disorder, an additional 18% for a lifetime disorder and an additional 13% for other indicators of need (multiple subthreshold disorders, recent stressors or suicidal behaviours). Dose–response associations were found between number of indicators of need and treatment.ConclusionsThe vast majority of treatment in the WMH countries goes to patients with mental disorders or other problems expected to benefit from treatment.
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Kendell, R. E. "The distinction between personality disorder and mental illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 180, no. 2 (February 2002): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.2.110.
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BackgroundProposals by the UK Government for preventive detention of people with ‘dangerous severe personality disorders' highlight the unresolved issue of whether personality disorders should be regarded as mental illnesses.AimsTo clarify the issue by examining the concepts of psychopathy and personality disorder, the attitudes of contemporary British psychiatrists to personality disorders, and the meaning of the terms ‘mental illness'and ‘mental disorder’.MethodThe literature on personality disorder is assessed in the context of four contrasting concepts of illness or disease.ResultsWhichever of the four concepts or definitions is chosen, it is impossible to conclude with confidence that personality disorders are, or are not, mental illnesses; there are ambiguities in the definitions and basic information about personality disorders is lacking.ConclusionsThe historical reasons for regarding personality disorders as fundamentally different from mental illnesses are being undermined by both clinical and genetic evidence. Effective treatments for personality disorders would probably have a decisive influence on psychiatrists' attitudes.
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Vicens, Enric, Rosa Dueñas, and Vicenç Tort. "Violent Offences, Mental Disorder and Substance-use Disorders." Sociology and Anthropology 4, no. 11 (November 2016): 972–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/sa.2016.041104.
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Eaton, William W., and Roberta Garrison. "Mental Health in Mariel Cubans and Haitian Boat People." International Migration Review 26, no. 4 (December 1992): 1395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600414.
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This article presents prevalence data on four specific mental disorders in samples of 452 Cuban immigrants who arrived during the Mariel crisis and 500 Haitians who arrived at about the same time. The disorders are: Major Depressive Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Alcohol Disorder, and Psychosis. Cubans had higher rates of disorder than Haitians at all levels of education and income, but only in the Cuban sample was the standard inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and rate of mental disorder observed. These and other results presented suggest no single theory can explain the relationship of immigration to the range of specific mental disorders.
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Alonso Díaz, R., E. Cortázar Alonso, and H. Guillén Rodrigo. "Mental health and drug." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1138.
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IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is often associated with various comorbidities. It is substance use disorders (SUD) one of the most frequent comorbidities.The ECA study (Epidemiologic Catchment Area) observed a prevalence over the life of the 56, 1% for any TUS in the total sample of patients with bipolar disorder. In subjects with bipolar I disorder prevalence was 60.7%, and those of type II 48.1.In the OMS study conducted in America, Europe and Asia, the results confirm the high rates of disorders in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder regardless of the country of study.CaseThis is a male, 32, who came first to the Provincial Drug Addiction Service of Huelva in 2009 for cocaine, cannabis and alcohol.In his personal history, he relates a convulsive episode at 14 years and one manic episode associated with consumption of cocaine in 2002 which began to be treated by a team of Mental Health and Provincial Center for Addictions.He entered twice in a therapeutic community in 2009 for treatment for their disorder dependence on cocaine, alcohol and cannabis.It has required admission to the Unit Hospitalization twice in 2012, with the discharge diagnosis of manic episode secondary to drug consumption.ConclusionsMost epidemiological studies in recent decades note the high prevalence of comorbidity BD + SUD.BD-SUD comorbidity is particularly complex because each disorder affects the evolution of the other and they are frequently multiple comorbidities. In addition, it implies a worse clinical and functional outcome as well as poorer therapeutic response.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Brülde, Bengt, and Filip Radovic. "What Is Mental About Mental Disorder?" Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 13, no. 2 (2006): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2007.0001.
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Wakefield, Jerome C. "What Makes a Mental Disorder Mental?" Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 13, no. 2 (2006): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2007.0010.
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Cardoso, Graça, Miguel Xavier, Gemma Vilagut, Maria Petukhova, Jordi Alonso, Ronald C. Kessler, and José Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida. "Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions in Portugal: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey." BJPsych Open 3, no. 1 (January 2017): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002402.
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BackgroundOne important aspect of the societal burden of mental disorders is the extent to which these problems cause disability.AimsTo assess days out of role associated with commonly occurring mental disorders in comparison with physical disorders in Portugal.MethodNational cross-sectional survey, with home interviews carried out with 3849 adult (aged 18+) respondents (57.3% response rate).ResultsTwelve-month prevalence for any mental disorder was 21.8%, any physical disorder 55.1% and any disorder 63.1%, with an average of 2.3 disorders per respondent with a disorder. Close to one out of every 10 respondents (9.2%) reported at least one day totally out of role in the past month (median of 6.4 days/any). The 18 conditions accounted for 78.2% of all days out of role, with 20.2% because of mental disorders and 59.2% because of physical disorders.ConclusionsMental disorders account for a substantial proportion of all role disability in the Portuguese population. Early detection and intervention would have a positive societal effect. Owing to highly frequent comorbidity, simultaneous management of mental and physical disorder comorbidities is advised for greater effect.
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Banerjee, Penny J. M., Simon Gibbon, and Nick Huband. "Assessment of personality disorder." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 15, no. 5 (September 2009): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.005389.
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SummaryIn 2003 the Department of Health, in conjunction with the National Institute for Mental Health in England, outlined the government's plan for the provision of mental health services for people with a diagnosis of personality disorder. This emphasised the need for practitioners to have skills in identifying, assessing and treating these disorders. It is important that personality disorders are properly assessed as they are common conditions that have a significant impact on an individual's functioning in all areas of life. Individuals with personality disorder are more vulnerable to other psychiatric disorders, and personality disorders can complicate recovery from severe mental illness. This article reviews the classification of personality disorder and some common assessment instruments. It also offers a structure for the assessment of personality disorder.
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Chong, Siow Ann, Edimansyah Abdin, Luo Nan, Janhavi A. Vaingankar, and Mythily Subramaniam. "Prevalence and Impact of Mental and Physical Comorbidity in the Adult Singapore Population." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 41, no. 3 (March 15, 2012): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v41n3p105.
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Introduction: This study aims to assess the prevalence rates of mental disorders and chronic medical conditions in the Singapore resident population, and examine their association and respective impact on the quality of life. Materials and Methods: A household survey was carried out on a nationally representative sample of the adult (18 years and above) resident population. The main instrument used to establish the diagnosis of mental disorders is the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). The mental disorders included in study were major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Respondents were asked if they had any of the chronic medical conditions from a list of 15 conditions. Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D. Results: Of the 6616 respondents, the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders was 12.0%, and that of chronic medical disorders were 42.6% and those with comorbid mental and medical disorders was 6.1%. The prevalence of any physical disorder in this population was high (42.6%). Among those with chronic physical disorders, 14.3% also had a mental disorder, and among those with mental disorders, more than half (50.6%) had a medical disorder. Most of the mental disorders were not treated. Males, Indians, older people, and those who were separated or divorced were more likely to have comorbidity. The health-related quality of life was significant worse in those with both mental and medical disorders compared to those with either mental or medical disorder. Conclusion: Our study re-emphasised the common occurrence of mental and medical disorders and the importance for an integrated care system with the capability to screen and treat both types of disorders. It also identified certain subpopulations which are more likely to have comorbidity for which a more targeted intervention could be planned. Key words: Chronic conditions, Ethnicity, Health-related quality of life, Marital status
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Rogers, D., C. Karki, C. Bartlett, and P. Pocock. "The Motor Disorders of Mental Handicap." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 1 (January 1991): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.1.97.
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Among 236 in-patients in one hospital for the mentally handicapped, there was a significant relationship between the amount of motor disorder (rated using a comprehensive check-list) and the severity of mental handicap, the presence of associated psychiatric disorder and the use of neuroleptic medication. The population was fairly evenly divided between those currently, previously and never having received neuroleptic medication. All categories of motor disorder, including abnormal movements, were present in all three subgroups. Neuroleptic medication appeared to modify the expression of motor disorder rather than producing it de novo. The range and frequency of motor disorders was comparable with that in patients with severe psychiatric illness. A common cerebral basis for the motor disorders of patients with mental handicap and severe psychiatric illness is suggested.
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Lawrence, David, Vaille Dawson, Stephen Houghton, Ben Goodsell, and Michael G. Sawyer. "Impact of mental disorders on attendance at school." Australian Journal of Education 63, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004944118823576.
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Mental disorders are among the most common and disabling conditions affecting children and adolescents. Patterns of school attendance among students with and without mental disorders were examined using data from the 2013–2014 Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. One in seven school students had a mental disorder in the previous 12 months, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety being the most common. Students with a mental disorder had lower school attendance – being absent for 11.8 days per year in Years 1–6, 23.1 days per year in Years 7–10 and 25.8 days per year in Years 11–12, on average. In comparison, students without mental disorders were absent an average of 8.3 days (Years 1–6), 10.6 days (Years 7–10) and 12.0 days (Years 11–12) per year. Among students with a mental disorder, absences due to the disorder accounted for 13.4% of all days absent from school. This increased across years in school from 8.9% in Years 1–6 to 16.6% in Years 11–12. Improving prevention, early intervention, treatment and management of mental disorders may lead to significant improvements in school attendance.
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Volel, B. A., D. S. Petelin, and D. O. Rozhkov. "Chronic back pain and mental disorders." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 11, no. 2S (June 22, 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2019-2s-17-24.
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Chronic back pain is a significant biomedical problem due to its high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life and socioeconomic indicators. Mental disorders play a substantial role in the genesis of chronic pain. This review discusses the issues of back pain comorbid with depressive, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and somatoform disorder. It also considers the features of the clinical manifestations of pain associated with mental disorders. There are data on the neurobiological relationship between pain and mental disorders and on the personality traits of patients with chronic back pain.
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Palay, Joshua, Tamara L. Taillieu, Tracie O. Afifi, Sarah Turner, James M. Bolton, Murray W. Enns, Mark Smith, et al. "Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Suicidality in Canadian Provinces." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 64, no. 11 (October 16, 2019): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743719878987.
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Objective: There is limited information to guide health-care service providers and policy makers on the burden of mental disorders and addictions across the Canadian provinces. This study compares interprovincial prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), alcohol use disorder, substance use disorders, and suicidality. Method: Data were extracted from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey—Mental Health ( n = 25,113), a representative sample of Canadians over the age of 15 years across all provinces. Cross tabulations and logistic regression were used to determine the prevalence and odds of the above disorders for each province. Adjustments for provincial sociodemographic factors were performed. Results: The past-year prevalence of all measured mental disorders and suicidality, excluding GAD, demonstrated significant interprovincial differences. Manitoba exhibited the highest prevalence of any mental disorder (13.6%), reflecting high prevalence of MDD and alcohol use disorder compared to the other provinces (7.0% and 3.8%, respectively). Nova Scotia exhibited the highest prevalence of substance use disorders (2.9%). Quebec and Prince Edward Island exhibited the lowest prevalence of any mental disorder (8.5% and 7.7%, respectively). Manitoba also exhibited the highest prevalence of suicidal ideation (5.1%); however, British Columbia and Ontario exhibited the highest prevalence of suicidal planning (1.4% and 1.3%, respectively), and Ontario alone exhibited the highest prevalence of suicide attempts (0.7%). Conclusions: Significant interprovincial differences were found in the past-year prevalence of mental disorders and suicidality in Canada. More research is necessary to explore these differences and how they impact the need for mental health services.
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Stagnaro, J. C., A. H. Cia, H. Vommaro, S. Sustas, N. Vázquez, E. Serfaty, R. C. Kessler, and C. Benjet. "Delays in making initial treatment contact after the first onset of mental health disorders in the Argentinean Study of Mental Health Epidemiology." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 28, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796018000094.
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Aims.While there are effective treatments for psychiatric disorders, many individuals with such disorders do not receive treatment and those that do often take years to get into treatment. Information regarding treatment contact failure and delay in Argentina is needed to guide public health policy and planning. Therefore, this study aimed to provide data on prompt treatment contact, lifetime treatment contact, median duration of treatment delays and socio-demographic predictors of treatment contact after the first onset of a mental disorder.Methods.The Argentinean Study of Mental Health Epidemiology (EAESM) is a multistage probability sample representative of adults (aged 18+) living in large urban areas of Argentina. A total of 2116 participants were evaluated with the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview to assess psychiatric diagnosis, treatment contact and delay.Results.Projections of cases that will make treatment contact by 50 years taken from a survival curve suggest that the majority of individuals with a mood (100%) or anxiety disorder (72.5%) in Argentina whose disorder persist for a sufficient period of time eventually make treatment contact while fewer with a substance disorder do so (41.6%). Timely treatment in the year of onset is rare (2.6% for a substance disorder, 14.6% for an anxiety disorder and 31.3% of those with a mood disorder) with mean delays between 8 years for mood disorders and 21 years for anxiety disorders. Younger cohorts are more likely to make treatment contact than older cohorts, whereas those with earlier ages of disorder onset are least likely to make treatment contact. Those with anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder are more likely to make treatment contact when they have comorbid disorders, whereas those with substance use disorders are less likely.Conclusions.Argentina needs to implement strategies to get individuals with substance use disorders into treatment, and to reduce treatment delays for all, but particularly to target early detection and treatment among children and adolescents.
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Ma, Qiuyue, Fude Yang, Botao Ma, Wenzhan Jing, Jue Liu, Moning Guo, Juan Li, Zhiren Wang, and Min Liu. "Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mental disorder inpatients in China: an observational study." Hepatology International 15, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12072-020-10132-z.
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Abstract Background and Purpose Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common liver disease in China. However, the understanding of NAFLD prevalence among Chinese mental disorder inpatients remains insufficient. We aim to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD among mental disorder inpatients in Beijing, China. Methods In this observational study, we included 66,273 mental disorder inpatients between 2014 and 2018, including inpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder and other mental disorders. Data were obtained from electronic health records of 19 specialized psychiatric hospitals in Beijing. NAFLD was defined by ICD-10 code, excluding other causes of liver disease. We calculated the overall and annual prevalence rates of NAFLD from 2014 to 2018, and compared NAFLD prevalence between sexes, age groups, mental disorders types, antipsychotics use, and comorbidities. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine risk factors associated with NAFLD. Subgroup analysis was performed in different mental disorder types. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was 17.63% (95% CI 17.34–17.92%) in mental disorder inpatients, increasing from 16.88% in 2014 to 19.07% in 2018. The NAFLD prevalence in participants with schizophrenia (22.44%) was higher than that in participants with bipolar disorder (17.89%), depressive disorder (12.62%), and other mental disorders (12.99%). Women had similar or even higher NAFLD prevalence than men after 50 years. Men, 50–59 years (aOR = 1.71), schizophrenia (aOR = 1.56), bipolar disorder (aOR = 1.47), antipsychotics use (aOR = 1.46), hypertension (aOR = 1.50), diabetes (aOR = 1.83), dyslipidemia (aOR = 2.50) were risk factors for NAFLD in mental disorder inpatients. Conclusion NAFLD was common among Chinese mental disorder inpatients, and increased over years. The prevalence of NAFLD was higher among men, old women, inpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, antipsychotics, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Fatty liver disease among mental disorder population warrants the attention of psychiatric specialists and health policy-makers.
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Weye, Nanna, Natalie Momen, Maria Christensen, Kim Iburg, John McGrath, and Oleguer Plana-Ripoll. "S130. ALTERNATIVE METRICS TO QUANTIFY PREMATURE MORTALITY IN MENTAL DISORDERS. A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S84—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.196.
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Abstract Background The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study uses Years of Life Lost (YLLs) to quantify premature mortality. This is a useful metric from many perspectives, however because GBD acknowledges only a small number of mental disorders as causes of death (CoDs), the true impact of mental disorders on premature mortality is underestimated. Recently, methods have been introduced that compare people with a disorder to the general population by estimating Life Years Lost (LYLs). The aim of this study was to present register-based estimates of both YLLs and LYLs related to mental disorders. Methods We used nationwide registers to examine a cohort of all 6,989,627 people aged 0–94 years living in Denmark in 2000–2015. Using the GBD approved set of mental health-related CoDs (eating disorders, drug use disorders, alcohol use disorder and suicide), YLLs were estimated. In addition, we calculated all-cause and cause-specific differences in life expectancy after a mental disorder diagnosis as excess LYLs between those with a specific mental disorder and the age- and sex-matched general Danish population. The disorders of interest were alcohol use disorder, drug use disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, developmental intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, ADHD and conduct disorder. Excess LYLs related to counts of comorbid mental disorders were also examined (i.e. those diagnosed with at least two, three or four disorders). Results Alcohol use disorder and suicide were the leading causes of YLLs (alcohol use disorder: Men 568.7 YLLs, women 155.5 YLLs per 100,000 person-years; suicide: Men 590.1 YLLs, women 202.3 YLLs per 100,000 person-years). However, all mental disorders were associated with shorter life expectancies using LYLs. Men and women diagnosed with any mental disorder had 11.22 (95% CI 11.09; 11.35) and 7.89 (95% CI 7.76; 8.01) years shorter life expectancies respectively, and the difference increased in those with comorbid mental disorders. Drug use disorders were associated with the largest excess LYLs (17.99 (95% CI 17.49; 18.53) in men and 15.29 (95% CI 14.70; 15.88) in women), however common disorders such as depressive disorders and anxiety disorders were also associated with substantive premature mortality (e.g. in men, 8.27 and 7.52 LYLs, respectively). Schizophrenia was associated with 13.80 (95% CI 13.47; 14.14) excess LYLs in men and 11.77 (95% CI 11.38; 12.13) in women. Discussion Register-based studies allow the calculation of precise individual YLLs and LYLs. The novel LYL metric seems to better capture the true impact of mental disorders on premature mortality and also facilitates the exploration of comorbidity and specific CoDs in those with mental disorders.