Dissertations / Theses: 'Mental health and human rights'

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Kelly, Brendan Desmond. "Human rights protection for the mentally ill through mental health law in England and Ireland." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27948.

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This thesis aims to analyse the influence of human rights concerns on recent revisions of mental health legislation in England (Mental Health Act 2007) and Ireland (Mental Health Act 2001), and the extent to which human rights concerns assist in promoting human rights through mental health law. This thesis demonstrates that human rights standards, as reflected in the European Convention on Human Rights and publications of the United Nations and World Health Organisation (WHO), played a critical role in shaping revisions of mental health law in England (where public safety was also influential) and Ireland (where human rights concerns dominated single-handedly). Mental health legislation in England meets 92 (55.4%) of the 166 relevant human rights standards outlined by the WHO; mental health legislation in Ireland meets 81 (48.8%). Areas of high compliance include definitions of mental disorder, involuntary admission procedures and clarity regarding offences. Areas of medium compliance relate to capacity and consent (with a particular deficit regarding capacity legislation in Ireland), review procedures (which exclude long-term voluntary patients and lack robust complaint procedures), and rules governing special treatments. Areas of low compliance relate to economic and social rights, voluntary patients (especially non-protesting, incapacitated patients), vulnerable groups and emergency treatment. Overall, mental health legislation provides substantial protection for some rights (e.g. liberty) but not others (e.g. economic and social rights). Additional protection is provided by mental health policy, social policy or other areas of law (e.g. human rights law). Future research could usefully focus on the outcome of mental health legislation in the lives of the mentally ill; the relevance of the “third wave” of human rights, acknowledging the broad range of legal, health-care and social-care actors affecting the mentally ill; and values underpinning increased trans-national influences on national mental health law and policy (Council of Europe, European Union, WHO).

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Af, Geijerstam Maya. "The human right to mental healthcare : Bridging the rights-gap for women subjected to sexual violence." Thesis, Enskilda Högskolan Stockholm, Högskolan för mänskliga rättigheter, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-283.

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Sexual violence against women is not only a serious public health problem of epidemic proportions, it’s also a violation of women’s human rights. The devastating consequences of these events on women’s health have been widely documented. The overarching purpose of this thesis is therefore to explore why public healthcare facilities around the world often fail to provide victims of sexual violence with mental healthcare of good quality that is available, accessible and acceptable. In order to investigate this, the legal grounds of specialized healthcare for victims of sexual violence was documented. Secondly, an exploration of whether the Swedish healthcare system provides victims of sexual violence with access to the highest attainable standard of mental healthcare was carried out. Lastly, the history of violence against women was explored in order to identify reasons for why the right to mental healthcare often fail to work in practice for female victims of sexual violence despite apparent agreements. Also, constructive suggestions are put forth regarding what governments can do to provide victims of sexual violence with access to the highest attainable standard of mental healthcare. An interdisciplinary approach of political sociology was used to illustrate the multiple dimensions of human rights. The findings suggest that the right to mental health is an integrated part of the right to health and thus a fundamental right for all human beings. However, the results indicate that the right to mental healthcare for women who have been subjected to sexual violence is not available, accessible and of good quality within the Swedish healthcare system. The study concludes that one of the main barriers to make the right to mental healthcare accessible for this group of patients is the lack of an officially recognized name that include the many different syndromes these women suffer. Findings are discussed in relation to previous research.

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Nyalugwe, Gina Nyampachila. "A Human Rights based approach to the psychiatric treatment of mental illness among prisoners in Uganda." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18630.

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Reports of people with mental disorders without access to treatment are a major occurrence in prisons outside and within Africa. An estimated 450 000 000 people worldwide suffer from mental or behavioural disorders. The disproportionately high rate of mental disorders in prisons is due to several factors. The factors include the widespread misconception that all persons with mental disorders are a danger to the public; the general intolerance of many societies to difficult or disturbing behaviour, the failure to promote treatment, care and rehabilitation, and above all the lack of or poor access to mental health services in many countries. Many of these disorders may be present before admission to prison and may be further exacerbated by the stress of imprisonment. However mental disorders may develop during imprisonment itself as a consequence of prevailing conditions.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
nf2012
Centre for Human Rights
LLM

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Spamers, Marozane. "A critical analysis of South African mental health law : a selection of human rights and criminal justice issues." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60097.

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This thesis is concerned with determining whether South African mental health law and its application in practice is in need of reform. In order to reach its objectives, the thesis measures mental health legislation and criminal law that affect the mentally ill individual or offender against international and local human rights standards, and generally accepted principles and scientific principles applicable in the mental health profession. Particular focus is placed on the admission of a mentally ill person as a voluntary, assisted or involuntary mental health care user, State Patient or mentally disordered prisoner in terms of the Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002 (?MHCA?), as well a critical review of the MHCA forms used to translate the Act?s provisions into practice. The thesis critically discusses the regulation of mental health care practitioners in terms of the Health Professions Act 56 of 1974, including psychology and psychiatry and the expert witness, and the new Traditional Health Practitioners Act 22 of 2007 and its regulations. An outline of the role of the National Health Act 61 of 2003 in the administration of the health system is provided.The thesis analyses the manners in which mental health affects criminal liability, and Chapter 13 of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977. Finally a desktop study into the current state of mental health care provision and the implementation of legislation in practice is conducted, followed by conclusions and recommendations for reform to legislation, policy, and the MHCA forms where anomalies have been identified.
Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Public Law
LLD
Unrestricted

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Kwok, Kun-chung. "An exploratory study of the Mental Health Review Tribunal in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13744501.

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Baah-Binney, Victoria. "The Mental Wellness of Liberated Trokosi Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623250850976973.

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Kwok, Kun-chung, and 郭耿松. "An exploratory study of the Mental Health Review Tribunal in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31249450.

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Ibell, Bernadette Mary, and res cand@acu edu au. "An Analysis of Mental Health Care in Australia From a Social Justice and Human Rights Perspective, With Special Reference to the Influences of England and the United States of America: 1800-2004." Australian Catholic University. School of Philosophy, 2004. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp113.25102006.

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The aim of this thesis is to analyze mental health care in Australia from a social justice and human rights perspective, in order to demonstrate that social justice as a philosophical manifestation of justice and fairness, is an essential ingredient in the theory and practice of mental health care. It is contended that the needs of the mentally ill would be most appropriately answered by the utilization of a Natural Law model, based on Finnis’s Natural Law theory. The Scope of the Thesis.The needs and care of the mentally ill are discussed, together with the treatment meted out to these vulnerable members of society since, approximately, the year 1800. Neither the criminally insane, nor the intellectually disabled are included in this discourse. Each group of people merits a thesis on its own: criminal insanity requires a debate to include the history, psychiatric and legal approaches to the subject, and current management of the insane. The intellectually disabled are not mentally ill; their ability to function as all round, naturally competent individuals is diminished by an inadequacy and/or impairment of their intellectual capacities. The needs of these two groups are far too broad and demanding to be included within the current thesis. Rationale for the Timeframe The timeframe, 1800 until 2004, has been established because it approximates to the transition from the end of the Classical through the Modern Age to the Post Modern Age, together with the predominance of Enlightenment philosophical theories, and the development of a scientific approach to medicine. Further, many politico-economic and social changes were taking place, associated with the Industrial Revolution. All are shown to have affected the introduction of asylumdom, and the institutionalization of those unable to participate actively in the industrial workforce. Of significant importance to the development of institutionalization for such marginal groups is the philosophy of Jeremy Bentham. Bentham espoused Classical Utilitarianism which will be shown to believe that the ultimate standard of utility is not the individual’s happiness but the greatest amount of happiness altogether. The thesis will demonstrate that this philosophical view prevailed from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, with Benthamism influencing the sequestration of the unemployable into institutional life. Development of the Thesis.The thesis is developed against a background of prevailing philosophical, and other changes as stated above, including the medicalization of mental illness and the development of psychiatry as a branch of medicine. There is manifestation of many social injustices to those incarcerated in the asylum in all three countries under consideration: England, USA, and Australia. It is demonstrated that social justice and human rights of their work forces were disregarded by many employers at the time of the Industrial Revolution. Such values were, therefore, unlikely to prevail with regard to the mentally ill. Asylumdom continued with few changes in its practices until after World War II. It is shown that the predominance of post Enlightenment theories, together with further politico-economic, social and pharmaceutical revolutionary change followed the Second World War. Encouraged also by the founding of the United Nations and World Health Organizations as well as provision of the Declaration of Human Rights, circumstances led to the process of de-institutionalization of the mentally ill. The latter were decanted with apparently unseemly haste into a community ill prepared for such a change, and with little evidence of infra- structure to support the move. Need to conduct a National Inquiry. There was, then, a need to investigate what was now an overt issue of mental health care. The two subsequent inquiries by the Australian Health Ministers Advisory Council, (AHMAC) and the Burdekin Report, both focused on social justice issues, and addressed epidemiological, economic, sociological and justice considerations. Within the thesis, both investigations are critiqued against a Natural Law model, using Finnis’s Natural Law theory. It is demonstrated that contrary to Enlightenment principles of social justice as described by Miller, such a theory is eminently practical, and answers the needs of all members of the community, providing not merely ‘the greatest happiness for the greatest number’ but the common good of all Conclusion. Evidence shows that such a Natural Law theory is required to give a firm foundation to the needs of the mentally ill, especially at a time when relativism, economic rationalism and negative aspects of globalization prevail. Without such a basis the mentally ill are left insecure, uncertain and adrift in a world uncaring of their plight, while all the earnest exhortations espoused by Reports remain platitudes, subject to the whims of whatever government is in power. Our responsibilities to all our fellow human beings demand better from us than this.

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Klepper, Josie. "Examining the Relationship between Physical and Sexual Abuse and Mental Illnesses Among Female Inmates: Revising the Mental Health Care Process in Prisons." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/341.

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Females are becoming a prominent population within America’s correctional facilities, which has led to incarcerated females increasingly becoming the popular subjects of more recent research. Along with the growing population of female inmates, the rates of sexual and physical victimization reported by incarcerated females is rapidly growing. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the pre-established correlation between mental health diagnoses, and the prior physical and/or sexual abuse of female inmates within the custody of correctional institutions, outline the current treatment process, and devise a revision of the treatment process in order to improve the future of mental health care for incarcerated females. First, a brief description of the increasing female inmate population, their significant mental health care needs, and the lack of effective mental health care they are actually receiving, followed by the issues that this poses to rehabilitation and the community will be provided. Second, an examination of the commonality of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse among the female offenders that have been diagnosed with mental illnesses will be conducted. Next, a discussion of the most common mental health diagnoses of incarcerated women, what they are said to be caused by, and how they are being treated behind bars will be directed. Finally, a conclusion covering the established relationship between physical and sexual abuse and adult mental illnesses, the issues that the lack of adequate mental health care for incarcerated females poses, and what can be done to change and improve the future will be presented.

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Guimarães, Willian. "A criminalização moral como demarcação da abjeção : sexualidades e expressões de gêneros desviantes na injunção crime-loucura." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172218.

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O presente trabalho objetiva evidenciar os efeitos da heterocisonormatividade na vida de sujeitos não heterossexuais e não cisgêneros que têm suas trajetórias existenciais marcadas pela injunção crime-loucura. Para tanto, explora os processos penais que delimitam a vida das pessoas em sofrimento mental que cometeram crimes, os chamados pacientes judiciários, que recebem uma medida de segurança. Utilizando-se da genealogia como aporte metodológico, adentra-se nas condições de proveniência e de emergência do "anormal", figura produzida e capturada pelo discurso médico-jurídico através de um longo processo da psiquiatrização do desejo e da sexualidade que ocorreu ao longo do século XIX até os dias de hoje. Legitimada a partir de uma determinada racionalidade científica, tal trama discursiva criminaliza moralmente as expressões da sexualidade e de gênero, colando-as entre si, para lançá-las no campo da abjeção O estudo foi composto por duas estratégias de aproximação do campo de pesquisa: 1) narrativas produzidas a partir do cotidiano de um programa de desinstitucionalização de pacientes judiciários ao qual o pesquisador encontra-se vinculado; 2) seis peças judiciais, com ênfase nos laudos psiquiátricos, de pessoas não heterossexuais e/ou não cisgêneras que receberam uma medida de segurança. A análise do material recolhido permite verificar que a base teórico-conceitual da presunção de periculosidade na qual se sustenta a tese da medida de segurança objetifica-se no laudo psiquiátrico. Tal engrenagem médico-jurídica aponta para uma valoração moral com que as expressões da sexualidade e de gênero do paciente judiciário considerado "desviante" são avaliadas. Por fim, sinalizam-se alternativas de produção de novos modelos de tratamento para o paciente judiciário, que buscam superar a ficção da presunção de periculosidade como base pretensamente científica, revisar a inimputabilidade como dispositivo jurídico que viola direitos inalienáveis dos sujeitos e, por fim, incluam as diretrizes da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira entre as garantias de acesso à saúde a todo cidadão.
The present study aims to show the effects of heterocisnormativity in the life of non-heterosexual and non-cisgender individuals whose existential trajectories are marked by the crime-madness injunction. In order to do so, it explores criminal cases that delimit the lives of people in mental suffering who committed crimes, the so-called judicial patients, who receive a measure of security. Using genealogy as a methodological contribution, it enters the conditions of provenance and emergency of the "abnormal", a figure produced and captured by the medical-legal discourse through a long process of psychiatry of desire and sexuality that occurred throughout the 19th century to the present days. Legitimized from a certain scientific rationality, this discursive plot morally criminalizes the expressions of sexuality and gender, sticking them together, to throw them into the field of abjection The study was composed of two strategies of approximation of the research field: 1) narratives produced from the daily routine of a deinstitutionalization program of judicial patients to which the researcher is linked; 2) six judicial papers, with emphasis on the psychiatric reports, of non-heterosexual and / or of non-cisgender individuals that received a security measure. The analysis of the collected material allows verifying that the theoretical-conceptual basis of the presumption of dangerousness on which the thesis of the security measure is based is objectified in the psychiatric report. Such medical-juridical mechanism expresses a moral valuation with which the expressions of the sexuality and gender of the judicial patient considered "deviant" are evaluated. Finally, alternatives for the production of new models of treatment for the judicial patient, which seek to overcome the fiction of the presumption of dangerousness as a supposedly scientific basis, are reviewed, reviewing the non-attributability as a legal device that violates the inalienable rights of the subjects and, finally, include the guidelines of the Brazilian psychiatric reform among the guarantees of access to health for every citizen.

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Oliveira, Everton Roberto de. "re.construindo mundos: arte, direitos humanos e cidadania nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8161/tde-26092018-153224/.

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\"re.construindo mundos: arte, direitos humanos e cidadania nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial\" volta-se à importância do acesso à arte como forma de respeito aos direitos humanos e garantia de cidadania a um grupo de pessoas marcadas por uma história que deixou cicatrizes profundas e que, ainda hoje, por padecer de sua condição de saúde mental, enfrentam a pobreza e o preconceito cotidianamente, além da falta de oportunidades educacionais, profissionais e de atenção especializada: os usuários dos CAPS Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, serviço oferecido pelo Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS. Funda-se nos campos da História, em um gesto interdisciplinar, e estabelece diálogo com outras disciplinas das ciências humanas, que busca revelar a relação libertadora entre arte e saúde mental, força poderosa no processo de reabilitação psicossocial dos que sofrem com transtornos mentais, em uma investigação dessa história, vista de baixo, e que se desenrola agora diante de nós, cujos testemunhos e as vozes de quem vive nesse cenário são essenciais na documentação dessa memória. Portanto, trata-se da captação de elementos significativos à escrita da história, versando sobre a dimensão e a importância da arte na vida dos usuários dos CAPS, tecendo uma pequena trama desta imensa colcha de retalhos que é a história da loucura em nosso país, contribuindo para legitimar as novas práticas e cuidados oferecidos por estes Centros, sobretudo, no tocante à arte e seus relevantes benefícios a todos aqueles que necessitam ou necessitarão desse serviço público de atenção à saúde mental no Brasil.
\"rebuilding worlds: art, human rights and citizenship in the Centers for Psychosocial Attention\" turns to the importance of access to art as a way of respecting human rights and guaranteeing citizenship to a group of people marked by a history that left scars mental health, face daily poverty and prejudice, as well as the lack of educational, professional and specialized care opportunities: the users of CAPS - Psychosocial Care Centers, a service offered by Unified Health System - SUS. It is based on the fields of history, in an interdisciplinary gesture, and establishes dialogue with other disciplines of the human sciences, which seeks to reveal the liberating relationship between art and mental health, a powerful force in the process of psychosocial rehabilitation of those who suffer from mental disorders, in an investigation of this history, seen from below, and which unfolds now before us, whose testimonies and the voices of those who live in this scene are essential in the documentation of this memory. Therefore, it is the capture of significant elements to the writing of history, dealing with the dimension and importance of art in the life of users of the CAPS, weaving a small plot of this immense quilt that is the history of madness in our country, contributing to legitimize the new practices and care offered by these Centers, especially with regard to art and its relevant benefits to all those who need or need this public service of mental health care in Brazil.

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Moll, Marciana Fernandes. "Dos hospitais psiquiátricos aos serviços residenciais terapêuticos: um olhar sobre os direitos humanos neste percurso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-07012014-102039/.

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Os Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos representam uma estratégia relevante no processo de desinstitucionalização de portadores de transtornos mentais egressos de longos períodos de internação e sem vínculos familiares. Dessa maneira, esse dispositivo constitui um espaço de proteção e promoção de direitos por articular ações terapêutica às questões sociais e integrar a rede de saúde mental ao oferecer estratégias de reabilitação psicossocial e inclusão social. Nesse sentido, parece-nos importante evidenciar as formas de intervenção das residências terapêuticas no exercício de direitos por seus moradores, uma vez que o modelo de psiquiatria democrática, adotado no Brasil valoriza o exercício dos direitos humanos. Assim, o objetivo geral desta investigação foi descrever, em profundidade, a atuação de um dos serviços residenciais terapêuticos da cidade de Uberaba na vivência dos direitos humanos de seus moradores. Esta pesquisa apresentou como objetivos específicos: demonstrar a dinâmica e estrutura organizacional de uma residência terapêutica; descrever o cotidiano dos moradores de um serviço de residência terapêutica de Uberaba e identificar, na fala dos moradores, a vivência dos seus direitos humanos, com ênfase no direito à saúde, moradia, trabalho, lazer, liberdade, educação e igualdade. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia etnográfica qualitativa. Os sujeitos participantes do estudo foram quatro moradores de um Serviço Residencial Terapêutico, os quais atendiam aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: morar no serviço residencial terapêutico onde as pessoas estavam em melhores condições psíquicas para se expressarem; estar estabilizado e em condições psicológicas para lembrar de sua trajetória de vida, conforme indicação da equipe responsável, e aceitar participar do estudo. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a observação participante e a história de vida, que fundamentaram a identificação de unidades de sentidos e a descrição densa dos significados ou núcleos temáticos que compõe a análise temática indutiva utilizada para analisar os dados. Os resultados demonstraram que o fato de estarem na residência terapêutica estudada favorecia o exercício dos direitos de seus moradores, especialmente dos direitos à moradia, saúde e lazer. Por outro lado, os moradores ainda enfrentavam dificuldades para exercer os direitos à educação e ao trabalho, considerando o preconceito ainda presente no meio social. Outrossim, observou-se uma dinâmica interna permeada pela amizade, o que facilitava a superação de problemas vivenciados no meio comunitário pelos sujeitos do estudo, especialmente em razão de uma cultura embasada no respeito humano e, portanto, propulsora do ambiente familiar existente nessa residência. A história de vida dos participantes dessa investigação demonstrou que durante a (s) internação(ões) psiquiátrica (s) não se prestava(m) cuidados para a recuperação da saúde desses sujeitos e para manter a ordem nos hospitais, utilizavam-se regras rígidas que os impossibilitavam de exercer quaisquer direitos. Por fim, verificamos que o preconceito é um dificultador para que o Estado atue na garantia dos direitos dos portadores de transtornos mentais, o que nos sinaliza a importância de se trabalhar junto à sociedade a necessidade de conceber o portador de transtorno mental como sujeito de direitos e deveres.
The Therapeutic Community Houses represent a relevant strategy in the deinstitutionalization process of people with mental disorders who lived long hospitalization periods and lost their family linkages. Therefore, this service constitutes a space for the protection and promotion of rights as it articulates the therapeutic actions to social needs and integrates a mental health network offering psychosocial rehabilitation and social inclusion strategies. In this context, it is important to evidence the means used by the therapeutic community houses to intervene in the exercise of rights by its residents, considering that the model of psychiatric democracy adopted in Brazil valued the exercise of human rights. Thus, the general goal of this investigation was to describe, in depth, the performance of a therapeutic community house at the city of Uberaba in the exercise of its residents\' human rights. This research presented as specific goals: to demonstrate the dynamics and organizational structure of a therapeutic house; to describe the daily routine of the residentes of a therapeutic house located in the city of Uberaba and to identify, according to the residents\' speechs, the exercise of human rights, with emphasis on the rights to health, housing, leasure, freedom, education and equality. In order to achieve these goals, the qualitative ethnography methodology was used. The participants of this study were four residents of a therapeutic residence whom matched the following inclusion criteria: to live in a service in which the residents were in better psychic conditions to express themselves; to be estabilized and in psychologial conditions to remember their life history, according to the health team indications, and to accept to participate in the research. For data collection, participant observation and life history were used and based the identification of meaning units as a result of the thematic analysis used to analyze data. Results showed that the fact that the subjects were in a therapeutic residence favoured the exercise of rights, especially the rights to housing, health and leasure. On the other hand, the residents still faced difficults to exercise the rights to education and work, considering prejudice. For instance, an internal dynamics based on friendship enabled subjects to cope with the problems experienced at the community level, especially due to an internal culture based on human respect which favored a family environment at the residences. The life history of the participants showed that during their hospitalization, they did not receive an integral care and that, in order to keep the order, severe rules were used at these institutions unabling the exercise of any kind of righs by them. In sum, prejudice impaired the Government to act in the assurance of the rights of people with mental health disorders, showing the importance of working with society the need to accept the persons with mental disorders as subjects of rights and duties.

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Menezes, Lívia Sales Cirilo de. "Direitos humanos nos serviços de saúde mental: representações sociais de profissionais." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7567.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The citizenship and the fulfillment of human rights have become guiding principles of the new forms of mental health care, grounded in the psychiatric reform, yet still seem to be actions that hurt the respect for human rights. In the daily life of the new mental health services, the goal is that human rights are respected. Historically laws were created to address this issue, such as the Law 10.216. The laws and ordinances are configured as a legal apparatus in ensuring these rights, but it is possible to notice a discrepancy between knowing the rights of the mentally ill and consolidate strategies that seek this guarantee. This study aimed to identify the social representations of human rights of professionals of mental health services - CAPS. The objectives of this study were answered through a research which theoretical and methodological bases were developed by Moscovici and Willem Doise. This study deals with an ex post facto research of the quantitative and qualitative type. We interviewed 60 graduated professionals in the mental health services and used as instruments: a socio-demographic questionnaire, scales of psychosocial measures and a semi-structured interview. This study follows rules established by the National Health Committee according to Resolution 196, with regard to the ethical procedures, being submitted and approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the State University of Paraiba. In the data analysis we used the Bardin content analysis, statistical analysis and the statistical program ALCESTE. The results indicated that the social representations of human rights were anchored in the psychiatric reform and implementation of CAPS services. Most participants reported that there are changes, even if subtle, in the way mental illness is viewed by society. The dendrogram was composed by two groups: Reform Evaluation and re socialization and citizenship. The first one grouped the categories: criticism to assistance and legislation and the second group gathered the categories: cause of diseases, role of professionals and social inclusion. While the professionals reported knowing important aspects of psychiatric reform and the new attendance policy, the daily services of the human rights effective actions appear to be scarce. The professionals also reported limitations related to a large number of activities, little disclosure about the rights and other issues. As regards the level of involvement in human rights, the results showed that at the personal level, the professionals evaluated that should be involved and have been involved in the rights issue, while at the governmental level, respondents rated that the Government should engage in advocacy of rights, but in practice little is done. These results indicate the need for reflection and evaluation of services so that there is an intersection between theory and practice and concomitantly an effective search for the fulfillment of human rights of people with mental disorders.
A cidadania e o cumprimento dos direitos humanos tornaram-se eixos norteadores das novas formas de atendimento em saúde mental, alicerçadas na Reforma Psiquiátrica, contudo parecem ainda existir ações que ferem o respeito aos direitos humanos. No cotidiano dos novos serviços de saúde mental, o objetivo é que os direitos humanos sejam respeitados. Historicamente foram criadas leis que tratam dessa questão, a exemplo da Lei 10.216. As leis e portarias se configuram como um aparato legal na garantia desses direitos, porém se observa uma discrepância entre conhecer os direitos dos portadores de transtorno mental e consolidar estratégias que busquem essa garantia. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal identificar as representações sociais dos direitos humanos de profissionais dos serviços de saúde mental- CAPS. Os objetivos desse estudo foram respondidos a partir de uma pesquisa cujas bases teóricas e metodológicas foram desenvolvidas por Moscovici e por Willem Doise. O presente estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa ex- post facto, do tipo quantitativa e qualitativa. Foram entrevistados 60 profissionais de nível superior dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial e utilizados como instrumentos: um questionário sócio- demográfico, as escalas de medidas psicossociais e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Este estudo se pauta nas normas estabelecidas pela Comissão Nacional de Saúde na Resolução de nº 196, no que se refere aos procedimentos éticos, sendo submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Na análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin, análises estatísticas e o programa estatístico ALCESTE. Os resultados indicaram que as representações sociais dos direitos humanos foram ancoradas na Reforma Psiquiátrica e na implantação dos serviços CAPS. A maioria dos participantes relataram que há mudanças, mesmo que discretas, na forma como a doença mental é vista pela sociedade. O dendrograma foi composto por dois grupos: Avaliação da Reforma e Ressocialização e cidadania. O primeiro deles agrupou as classes: crítica à assistência e Legislação e o segundo grupo reuniu as classes: causa das doenças, papel dos profissionais e Inserção Social. Ao mesmo tempo em que os profissionais relataram conhecer aspectos importantes da Reforma Psiquiátrica e da nova política de atendimento, no cotidiano dos serviços as ações de efetivação dos direitos humanos parecem ser escassas. Os profissionais relataram ainda limitações relacionadas ao excesso de atividades, pouca divulgação dos direitos e outras questões. No que se refere ao nível de envolvimento com os direitos humanos, os resultados mostraram que no nível pessoal, os profissionais avaliaram que devem se envolver e têm se envolvido na questão dos direitos, enquanto que no nível governamental, os respondentes avaliaram que o Governo deve se envolver na defesa dos direitos, porém na prática pouco tem feito. Tais resultados indicam a necessidade de reflexão e avaliação dos serviços para que haja uma intersecção entre teoria e prática e concomitantemente uma busca efetiva pelo cumprimento dos direitos humanos dos portadores de transtornos mentais.

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Nakayama, Bruna Tássia Souza. "O direito à saúde mental das pessoas sob medida de segurança na perspectiva dos aplicadores da lei." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-24012017-153724/.

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O direito humano à saúde mental deve ser compreendido como uma transdisciplina integradora de saberes relativos à condição humana, merecendo tratamento especial e visibilidade. O antigo modelo assistencial psiquiátrico - excludente e violatório - difundido pelo mundo, entrou em processo de desconstrução, e segue sendo alvo de ferrenhas críticas em função de sua improdutividade e anacronismo. Há consciência crescente sobre a importância da luta pela preservação dos direitos à singularidade, à subjetividade e à diferença no tratamento das pessoas com transtornos mentais. No que diz respeito às pessoas com transtorno mental que cometeram delitos, o estigma e a complexidade são multiplicados. O Código Penal prevê a substituição da pena pela medida de segurança, que se dará (preferencialmente) sem retirar o cidadão da comunidade, com tratamento em ambulatórios ou nos CAPS. A Lei 10.216/2001 representa instrumento de defesa dos direitos humanos das pessoas com transtorno mental, redirecionando a atenção em saúde mental, assimilando os princípios e objetivos da Reforma Psiquiátrica de forma a promover a integralidade e a humanização dos serviços prestados. Contudo, a realidade não consolida o cumprimento geral previsto neste instrumento, fazendo com que estas pessoas sejam frequentemente vítimas de violações de seus direitos humanos. Com base nisto, este estudo buscou identificar como os aplicadores da lei compreendem o direito à saúde mental das pessoas com transtornos mentais que cometeram delitos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com operadores do direito que participam do processo de execução e cumprimento de medidas de segurança e analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo. Foram entrevistados 12 operadores do direito distribuídos entre advogados, juízes, promotores de justiça, defensores públicos e delegados. Após a exploração do material e sua respectiva codificação foram obtidas cinco categorias: Informante-chave e a percepção prática da aplicabilidade da Lei 10.216; a Lei 10.216, sua representatividade e os direitos das pessoas com transtornos mentais que cometeram delitos; o acompanhamento e a comunicação do poder judiciário durante o cumprimento da medida de segurança; Dificuldades no acesso ao direito à saúde mental pelas pessoas com transtorno mental que cometeram delitos; e Efetividade do CAPS e dos Hospitais de Custódia na assistência às pessoas com transtorno mental que cometeram delitos, que foram discutidas com o subsídio da literatura científica sobre o objeto de pesquisa, culminado nas considerações finais, que apontaram que a horizontalidade e participação da sociedade e das instituições que a compõem enquanto poder público e Estado se fazem extremamente necessárias, e que há necessidade de uma reestruturação urgente, que permita que as pessoas com transtornos mentais possam protagonizar a garantia de seus direitos e tratamentos, ou corre-se um risco ainda maior de que os casos dos \"loucos e criminosos\" fiquem reduzidos a um número de processo na justiça e a uma patologia nos serviços de saúde e de reclusão, fazendo parte de um modo produtivo de atender demandas, e não de uma forma eficaz de gerar recuperação, ressocialização e exercício da cidadania
The human right to mental health should be understood as an integrative transdiscipline of knowledge concerning the human condition, deserving special treatment and visibility. The former psychiatric care model - exclusionary and violating - spread throughout the world, came into deconstruction and remains the subject of criticism due to its lack of productivity and anachronism. There is a growing awareness about the importance of the fight for the preservation of the rights to singularity, subjectivity and the difference in the treatment of people with mental disorders. With regard to people with mental disorders who have committed crimes, stigma and complexity are multiplied. The Penal Code provides for the replacement of the penalty by security measure, which will (preferably) be implemented without removing the community citizen, through treatment at clinics or in CAPS. Law 10.216/2001 created a defense instrument of the human rights of people with mental disorders, redirecting attention to mental health, assimilating the principles and objectives of the Psychiatric Reform to promote the comprehensiveness and humanization of services. However, reality does not consolidate the general compliance provided herein, making these people often victims of violations of their human rights. On this basis, this study aimed to identify how law enforcers include the right to mental health of people with mental disorders who have committed crimes. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with legal professionals involved in the process of implementation and enforcement of safety measures and analyzed using content analysis. 12 operators were interviewed, among lawyers, judges, prosecutors, public defenders and delegates. After exploration of the material and its respective coding five categories were obtained: Key informant and the applicability of Law 10.216; Law 10.216, its representativeness and the rights of people with mental disorders who have committed offenses; monitoring and communication of the judiciary during the enforcement of security measure; Difficulties in the access to the right to mental health for people with mental disorders who have committed offenses; and Effectiveness of CAPS and Custody Hospitals in assistance to people with mental disorders who have committed crimes, which were discussed in the light of scientific literature on the subject of research, culminating in the final considerations which pointed out that the horizontality and participation of society and institutions that make up as government and state are made extremely necessary, and that there is a need for urgent restructuring, which allow people with mental disorders to assure their rights and treatments, or there is a risk for this people to remain as a number of a proceedings in court and a pathology in health services and in prison as part of a productive way to meet demands, and not an effective way to generate recovery, rehabilitation and the exercise of citizenship

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Fialová, Lydie. "Remnants of humanity : psychiatry and post-socialism in the Czech Republic, 1989-2010." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28684.

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This thesis explores the roles that medicine, human rights discourse, and the arts play in the project to improve the lives of patients suffering from severe forms of mental illness in the context of the post-socialist transformation of the Czech Republic. It is a study of the ways in which social solidarity and social exclusion intersect in the spaces of mental illness in a particular historical setting, and how the responsibility for care is negotiated between families, communities, the medical profession, and the state. The first part of the thesis focuses on the proposed reform of care for patients with severe mental illness that was put forward in the two decades after 1989. I examine the origins and aims of the attempted institutional change – the ‘humanization of psychiatry’ – in the context of the influential Charter 77 movement which demanded respect for the rights of those who are unable to claim them for themselves. I also trace how the re-establishment of a civil society that owed much to the concept of ‘apolitical politics’ and the process of the reintegration of Czech Republic into the European community impacted the attempted reforms. More than twenty years after the revolution, Czech Psychiatry still does not comply with international standards of care and, as I show, despite the explicit disclaimer with the totalitarian past and great hopes for change, there is in fact a clear continuation of many of the practices, ideas, interactions, as well as forms of governance of the preceding decades. These historical legacies, in combination with other factors, such as ideological disagreements within the psychiatric profession, a lack of political interest in this area, and a strong focus on other economic priorities have all contributed to the failure to improve mental health care. The second part of the thesis offers a complementary perspective on these processes – a view from ‘inside’ of the institutions that provide psychiatric care. The origins of institutional care in Central Europe date back to late nineteenth century, when large hospitals were built within parks as self-sufficient complexes surrounded by walls, outside of large cities. My research took place in two contrasting institutions: one a highly specialised clinical and research center for treatment of acute conditions, and the other a hospital for treatment of chronic conditions originally devoted to those with ‘incurable’ conditions. I show how the notion of ‘curability’ is a crucial factor in both the experience of the patients and the social responses to their conditions. In this part I also explore some epistemological issues in psychiatry, including knowledge, practices, and ideology, in the context of a strong scientific materialism where – unlike in many parts of the world – the tradition of psychoanalysis has been absent. Specifically, I examine the role of neurobiological paradigm in various interpretations of psychotic experience, its affect on patient’s self-understanding, and its role in the externalization of agency and responsibility. Finally I address the phenomenon of using ‘unclaimed bodies’ of psychiatric patients for anatomical teaching and research, and interpret this practice through notions of liminality, impurity, and sacrifice. I conclude the thesis by examining the ethical dimension of psychiatric care in the light of the writings by Emmanuel Lévinas.

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Brito, Emanuele Seicenti de. "Internação Psiquiátrica Involuntária: estudo comparativo das Normas de Saúde Mental do Brasil e Inglaterra/País de Gales." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-25012017-105046/.

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A internação involuntária é uma medida controversa que pode levar a violação de vários direitos humanos. Nessa perspectiva, faz-se necessária uma legislação para definir e limitar as circunstâncias em que isso pode ocorrer. Políticas e leis bem formuladas podem promover o desenvolvimento de serviços acessíveis na comunidade, estimular campanhas de sensibilização e de educação, e estabelecer mecanismos legais e de supervisão para prevenir violações aos direitos humanos. Nesse contexto, este estudo descritivo-comparativo apresentou como objetivo analisar as semelhanças e diferenças entre as legislações em saúde mental relacionadas à internação psiquiátrica involuntária no Brasil e Inglaterra/País de Gales. Utilizou-se para o levantamento de dados de pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental. A análise foi realizada a partir da Lista de Checagem da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para a Legislação de Saúde Mental. Para a etapa de comparação dos dados das duas jurisdições, foi utilizado o método comparativo. Sobre os resultados da comparação da Lista de Checagem da OMS com as legislações do Brasil e Inglaterra/País de Gales, na legislação brasileira foram encontrados 52 (31,32%) dos 166 padrões da OMS, enquanto que na legislação da Inglaterra/País de Gales foram encontrados 90 (54,2%). A partir da análise foi possível concluir que: a legislação da Inglaterra/País de Gales traz procedimentos mais claros e detalhados sobre \"internação involuntária\" e possui \"mecanismos de fiscalização\" mais eficazes do que o Brasil; apesar das lacunas quanto aos procedimentos para apelações contra decisões de incapacidade e a revisão da necessidade de um tutor, a legislação apresenta uma boa cobertura sobre \"competência, capacidade e tutela\", tema de elevada importância, principalmente após a ratificação da CDPD, e que o Brasil não aborda em sua legislação; a legislação brasileira elenca um rol maior de \"direitos fundamentais\", porém não prevê \"penalidades\" quanto ao descumprimento desses direitos. Já a Inglaterra/País de Gales cobre amplamente essa questão. As principais semelhanças entre Brasil e Inglaterra/País de Gales referem-se aos padrões que necessitam de revisão: \"Pacientes voluntários\", situações de emergência\", direitos econômicos e sociais\", \"questões civis\" e \"grupos vulneráveis\". Ambas jurisdições também apresentam o mesmo nível de cobertura quanto a \"pesquisa clínica e experimental\", e \"tratamentos especiais, isolamento e restrições\". Em suma, a análise das legislações de saúde mental apresentada neste trabalho sugere que documentos internacionais de direitos humanos, como o Livro de Recursos OMS, são instrumentos importantes e que podem nortear a construção de legislações. É necessário também que a formulação de leis e políticas de saúde mental esteja articulada com os documentos internacionais de direitos humanos como a CDPD. Espera-se que o presente estudo traga a tona a reflexão das autoridades competentes sobre a necessidade de solicitar auditorias mais profundas no âmbito da legislação nacional de saúde mental, realizadas por comitês multidisciplinares, como recomendado pela OMS. A legislação de saúde mental deve estar num processo de constante evolução, centrada na busca da consolidação dos direitos das pessoas com transtornos mentais
Involuntary admission is a controversial measure that can lead to violation of various human rights. From this perspective, legislation must define and limit the circumstances in which this may occur. Well-formulated policies and laws can promote the development of accessible services in the community, stimulate awareness and education campaigns, and establish legal and supervisory mechanisms to prevent human rights violations. In this context, this descriptive- comparative aimed at analyzing the similarities and differences between the mental health\' laws related to involuntary psychiatric admission in Brazil and England/Wales. In order to collect data, the author used bibliographic and documentary research. The analysis was based on the World Health Organization\'s Checklist on Mental Heallth Legislation. To compare data from the two jurisdictions, the author used the comparative method. Results comparing the WHO Checklist with the laws from Brazil and England/Wales showed that the Brazilian legislation meets 52 (31.32%) of the 166 WHO standards, while legislation in England/Wales meets 90 (54.2%). Some conclusions resulted from the analysis: the law from England/Wales establishes clearer and detailed procedures for \"involuntary admissions\" and has \"oversight and review mechanisms\" more effective than Brazil; despite the shortcomings in the procedures for appeals against disability decisions and the review of the need for a guardian, the legislation presents a medium compliance of \"competence, capacity and protection\", a subject of high importance, especially after the ratification of the CRPD, and Brazil does not address these issues in its legislation; Brazilian establishes a larger list of \"fundamental rights\", but does not provide \"penalties\" for the breach of those rights, while England/Wales meets WHO criteria in relation to this issue. The main similarities between Brazil and England/Wales refer to standards that require review: \"voluntary patients\", \"emergency treatment\", \"economic and social rights\", \"civil issues\" and \"protection of vulnerable groups.\" Both jurisdictions also have the same level of compliance regarding \"clinical and experimental research\", and \"special treatments, seclusion and restraint\". In sum, the analysis of mental health legislation presented in this paper suggests that international human rights documents, such as the WHO Resource Book, are important tools which can guide the construction of legislation. It is also necessary that the formulation of mental health laws and policies are articulated with international human rights documents such as the CRPD. In this sense, this study may bring light for a reflection from competent authorities on the need to have audits for national mental health legislations, carried out by multidisciplinary committees, as recommended by WHO. Mental health legislation should be in a process of constant evolution, focusing on the search for the consolidation of rights of people with mental disorders

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Zimmer, Fernanda. "Internação compulsória uma nova porta de entrada legal para o asilo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6733.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:41:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Zimmer.pdf: 4615259 bytes, checksum: 92c0870e555fc314919fe9601e620293 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-16
Esta pesquisa analisa os processos e práticas de internação compulsória na Unidade de Curta Permanência do Hospital Adauto Botelho (a partir de 10 de maio de 2010, Hospital Estadual de Atenção Clínica HEAC), localizado em Cariacica município da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória Espírito Santo/ Brasil. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de um recorte da experiência de trabalho, nos anos de 2007 a 2010. Problematiza os modos de funcionamento que insistem na produção de vidas enclausuradas e focalmente analisa as internações compulsórias, seus efeitos e as estratégias de enfrentamento ao uso deste mecanismo legal que judicializa a vida sob a lógica do biopoder. A pesquisa discute ainda os desafios atuais da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental, seus avanços e retrocessos, as movimentações da Luta Antimanicomial e da Reforma Psiquiátrica. A cartografia é utilizada como perspectiva metodológica. No percurso deste trabalho construiu-se uma postura cartográfica, que desejou acima de tudo viver as experiências do saber-fazer não estabelecido de antemão, e sim aquele saber que surge, que emerge de um fazer. A pesquisa resulta na construção de cinco relampejos/causos que enfocam a mistura de gentes, de diferentes gentes que resistem ao tempo, que não sucumbem a cronificação e atualizam a potência de um coletivo. Assim, constata-se que esta pesquisa/ intervenção pôde inaugurar diálogos, potencializar novos e insistentes encontros de conversações, disparando diferentes graus de visibilidade para o lugar do louco, da loucura na atualidade. Tenciona o campo da saúde mental via a internação compulsória e sua interface com a justiça. Inaugura a articulação da internação compulsória com a judicialização da saúde, e amplia este debate para a judicialização da vida. Enfatiza o uso/abuso do mecanismo da internação compulsória em suas facetas de contra reforma psiquiátrica, exclusão e confinamento perpétuo de pessoas.
This research analyzes the processes and practices of compulsory hospitalization in the Short Stay Unit at Hospital Adauto Botelho (from May 10th, 2010, Clinical Attention State Hospital - HEAC), located in Cariacica - municipality of Greater Vitória Metropolitan Region Espírito Santo/ Brazil. This study was developed from a work experience outline, from 2007 to 2010. It discusses the modes of operation that insist on the production of imprisoned lives and focally analyzes the periodic admissions, their effects and coping strategies to use this legal mechanism that judicializes life under the logic of biopower. The research still discusses the current challenges of Mental Health National Politics, their progress and retreats, Anti Asylum Fight progresses and the Psychiatric Reform. The cartography is used as methodological perspective. In the course of this work a cartographic posture was built, that pursued, above all, to live the experiences of know-doing not established beforehand, but the knowledge that appears, that emerges from doing. The research results in the building of five insights/causes that focus on the mixture of people, from different nations that resist the passing of time, that does not succumb to the chronicity and update the power of a collective. Thus, it is noted that this research/intervention could inaugurate dialogs, potentiate new and insistent talk meetings, providing different degrees of visibility about the madman, the madness of today. It tensions the field of mental health via the compulsory hospitalization and its interface with the justice. It inaugurates the articulation of compulsory hospitalization with the judicialization of health, and it extends this debate for the judicialization of life. It emphasizes the use/abuse of the mechanism of compulsory hospitalization in its facets of a counterpsychiatric reform, exclusion and perpetual confinement of people.

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Júnior, José Alberto Roza. "Residência terapêutica: uma casa na cidade e os sonhos de cidadania." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-07102016-174827/.

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Esta investigação trata da reinserção de pessoas com transtornos mentais, antes confinadas em Hospitais Psiquiátricos, no espaço da cidade em seu estilo contemporâneo de relações sociais. Inicialmente, realizamos uma trajetória da Saude Mental, desde a era dos manicômios, lugares para a contenção física e medicamentosa, em que as hospitalizações e internacoes em instituições asilares ocupavam um lugar central, até nos aproximarmos da Reforma Psiquiatrica brasileira, que, se inspirou na Reforma Psiquiatrica italiana. No Brasil, com a lei n 10216/01e a Portaria GM106/2000, que redirecionaram todo o modelo de atendimento a essas pessoas, a aposta nas Residências Terapêuticas tem sido fundamental para o processo de desinstitucionalização, na medida em que pretendem assegurar os direitos de pessoas, sem vínculos familiares, que deixam o hospital para viver em uma casa e, acima de tudo, acompanhar seu processo de reapropriação da cidade. No sentido de levantar subsídios para explicitar os obstáculos presentes nas relações de vizinhança implicadas nessa proposta foi efetuada uma análise de uma peticao inicial, inserida em um processo jurídico destinado a uma Residência Terapêutica, cujos vizinhos se mobilizaram para a expulsão dos moradores daquela casa. Foi possível observar o alcance da dificuldade implicada na reconstrução da cidadania dos egressos de Hospitais Psiquiátricos, o que nos permite destacar que, depois de tanta violência cometida pelo Estado em instituições e hospitais, esta análise evidencia como as Residências Terapeuticas são apenas o começo de um processo de reinserção complexa dessas pessoas, historicamente excluídas da paisagem urbana e da sociedade
The research considers the reinsertion of people with mental disorders in society and specifically their challenges adapting to urban life. It begins looking at the long hospitalizations and institutions designed to contain these people physically or through medication up to the development of the psychiatric reforms. In Brazil, law n 10216/01 triggered the discussion about the place and space needed to open up cities again to these people. Given the advances brought by the new model, the therapeutic community houses represent a relevant strategy in the deinstitutionalization process of people with mental disorders who lived long hospitalization periods and lost their family linkages. These people may now return to a house in the city, the main object of this research. Unwelcoming neighbors in a middle class area in Sao Paulo resisted resulting in a judicial process that this residence could not withstand, having to move elsewhere. As a result one might question the advances in mental health treatment given simple neighborhood problems strip people with mental health disorders from their citizenship. There is still a need to consider reparations for these people. After so much violence committed by the state in institutions and hospitals this analysis shows that the therapeutic community houses are just the beginning of a complex reinsertion process of these socially excluded people into the urban landscape and society

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Sokudela, Funeka. "A comparison of psychosocial and psychiatric features of mentally capable versus mentally incapable individuals referred by the courts for forensic psychiatric observation in relation to an alleged sexual offence." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65810.

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This is a mixed research methods study based at the forensic mental health unit of Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa. The overarching aim of the study was to help add insights that could indirectly inform the wider discourse on sexual offending in society and to the body of knowledge on the prevention of sexual violence – including in forensic mental health. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied through concurrent and transformative mixed research methods, premised on the philosophical stance of pragmatism. Records of individuals accused of sexual offences were explored and in-depth interviews with individuals accused of sexual offending and / or other types of charges referred for observation in terms of the Criminal Procedure Act, 51, 1977 (CPA 1977) were conducted. Psychiatric and psychosocial features and general perspectives on sexual offending were explored. Data collection was done from the end of 2014 to the end of 2015. In terms of findings, the record-based component of the study revealed that the majority of those referred were mentally capable, were known to the victims and lived in close proximity to them. Boys and girls, elderly women and socially isolated individuals seemed the most vulnerable irrespective of the mental capacity of the accused at the time of an alleged incident. In-depth interviews revealed scepticism, myths and new locally relevant ways of defining sexual violence. Socio-economic determinants of health seemed to render potential perpetrators of sexual offending vulnerable to violence and included adverse childhood events, poverty, unemployment and inequality. Experiences during and after arrest revealed possible human rights violations of alleged offenders by communities and law enforcement systems. Mental illness worsened stigma even in the hands of law enforcement systems. Central phenomena viz. ‘the perceived oppression of men’ and ‘vulnerability’ of potential victims and potential perpetrators emerged. A tentative theory of ‘vulnerability’, as an explanation and an approach to preventing sexual and other forms of violence in society, is proposed for both victims and potential perpetrators. Public health, socio-ecological frameworks of sexual violence prevention and other explanatory and prevention frameworks on sexual offending seem aligned to the study’s findings. Patriarchy, collective violence inherited from South Africa’s past, social cognitive theory on learning, trauma re-enactment, and other factors seem to play a role. In terms of mixed research contributions, a need for robust ways of studying diverse populations such as South Africa is emerging. Further, an initial stance of studying prevention of sexual violence from a victim-centred advocacy lens, has been transformed to yield accused individuals’ advocacy issues as well. Multi-system prevention approaches involving at-risk potential perpetrators, and not just victims, seem to be the next frontier for research and interventions. The study reveals insights that may contribute to the field of violence prevention.
Thesis (PhD)- University of Pretoria, 2018.
Psychiatry
PhD
Unrestricted

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Porxas, Roig M. Àngels. "El dogma de las capacidades y la racionalidad: un análisis crítico sobre el tratamiento jurídico de las personas diagnosticadas con problemas de salud mental." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672193.

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This thesis is an innovative research that exhaustively analyses the legal treatment of persons with a psychiatric diagnosis. The research is divided in three parts corresponding to the three dimensions of Law: sociological, axiological and normative. The main aim of the thesis is to evidence that the category of the psychiatric diagnosis triggers a normative differentiate treatment, which is discriminatory both compared to the rest of the population and to persons with disabilities. The analysis turns around the shift of paradigm represented by the adoption of the social model of disability in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRDP). It identifies and analyses CRPD requests regarding each legal dimension
La tesi analitza de forma exhaustiva el tractament del Dret a les persones amb un diagnòstic psiquiàtric. La investigació es divideix en tres parts corresponents a les tres dimensions del Dret: la sociològica, la dikelògica-axiològica i la normativa. L’objectiu principal de la investigació és evidenciar que la categoria del diagnòstic psiquiàtric desencadena un tractament normatiu diferenciat que és discriminatori, tant en comparació amb la resta de la població com pel que fa a les persones amb discapacitat. L’anàlisi gira al voltant del canvi de paradigma que suposa l’adopció del model social d’aproximació a la discapacitat a la Convenció sobre els Drets de les Persones amb Discapacitat (CDPD). S’identifiquen i s’analitzen les transformacions que la CDPD exigeix en cada dimensió jurídica per a un Dret que no sigui excloent
Programa de Doctorat Interuniversitari en Dret, Economia i Empresa

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Wijk, Lívia Bustamante van. "O cuidado a pessoas em situação de rua: a experiência da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial da Sé." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-23082017-123019/.

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O cuidado em saúde dirigido à população em situação de rua requer ações intersetoriais, que considerem as características desse grupo e respondam às suas necessidades. As diretrizes propostas pelas Políticas Públicas de Saúde e Saúde Mental oferecem subsídios para o cuidado e destacam a importância das ações serem desenvolvidas no contexto de vida das pessoas, de modo a favorecer o exercício da cidadania e dos direitos. Este estudo teve como objetivos conhecer as ações dirigidas às pessoas em situação de rua que apresentam transtorno mental, desenvolvidas pelas equipes do Consultório na Rua (CR) da Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) Sé e do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) Adulto II Sé; identificar obstáculos e pontos de força encontrados no cotidiano de trabalho e conhecer a opinião dos usuários sobre o cuidado recebido. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, empregou os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: revisão integrativa da literatura; pesquisa documental; entrevistas semi-estruturadas com profissionais e usuários; observação participante e elaboração do caderno de campo. Os dados foram coletados entre fevereiro e abril de 2016. Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria das ações oferecidas pelos serviços considera as características da população e busca responder às suas necessidades. A construção e manutenção do vínculo entre profissionais e usuários foram compreendidas como eixos do trabalho, que contribuem para o estabelecimento de relações humanizadas e influenciam positivamente a realização de ações. A construção do trabalho intersetorial apresentou-se como um desafio, por depender da organização e do alinhamento de cada serviço com as normativas e da relação estabelecida entre eles. Dois aspectos se destacaram nos resultados: a sobrecarga e o risco de adoecimento dos profissionais e a influência da atual forma de gestão dos serviços na produção do cuidado. Concluiu-se que as ações produzidas pelo CAPS Adulto II Sé e pelas equipes de CR da UBS Sé se encontram alinhadas às diretrizes das Políticas, porém é necessário cuidado às equipes e envolvimento da gestão nos processos de trabalho, para que a responsabilidade da produção de ações de qualidade não recaia unicamente sobre os profissionais
Health care for homeless npopulation requires intersectoral actions that considers this group characteristics and attends his needs. Public Health and Mental Health Policies offer a guideline to actions and indicates the importance of these actions to be developed according to people life context, in a way to promote citizenship and access to rights. The goals of this research were to get known the actions developed by Psychosocial Care Center to Adults II Sé and Consultation Office in the Streets teams and offered to homeless population that presents mental disorders; to identify obstacles and points of force presents in the daily work; and know the patients opinion about the received care. This qualitative research used methodological procedures such as integrative literature review; documental research; semi-structured interview developed with professionals and patients; participant observation and field notebook construction. The data was collected between february and april/2016. The results showed that most part of actions offered by professional teams take into consideration this population needs and try to answer to these needs. The construction and maintenance of a bound between professionals and patients were comprehended as the center point of work, which contribute to establish humanized relations and positively influence actions. The construction of intersectoral work was comprehended as a challenge, due to services organization, alignment between services and guidelines and relation among different services. In the results, two aspects were highlighted: burden and risk of illness of professionals and the influence of current services structure on delivered care. As a conclusion, actions offered by professional teams are in accordance to Policies guidelines, although it is necessary to offer better care to professionals and higher involvement of administration on work processes, in order to avoid the risk of responsibility for quality actions fall over professionals only

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Honorato, Carlos Eduardo de Moraes. "Vontade e juízo na avaliação psiquiátrica das internações involuntárias." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6031.

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O trabalho reflete acerca dos critérios referentes à avaliação psiquiátrica nas internações e tratamento involuntários. A restrição da liberdade é infração aos direitos do homem e, se ela é justificada em nome da patologia mental, qualificá-la é um imperativo legal e ético. Historicamente, a internação crônica em hospitais psiquiátricos levou à exclusão social e rompimento dos laços significativos da vida pessoal. Nos serviços de emergência ela é muitas vezes determinada em nome de um risco. Assim, é proposta uma análise crítica (à semelhança da desconstrução de Derrida e da genealogia de Foucault) do saber médico-psiquiátrico, que é ferramenta essencial do trabalho clínico. Um panorama dos arranjos dos dispositivos públicos de regulação das internações psiquiátricas involuntárias no ocidente mostra a inter-relação de um modelo médico com um modelo legalista (focado nos direitos dos pacientes), cada qual com seus ganhos e dificuldades. A medicalização da vida humana é um fenômeno do mundo moderno, e é vista como um processo dinâmico, onde a apropriação das categorias médicas por parte dos usuários e familiares também gera empoderamento e mudanças. Vemos como, historicamente, o viés moral da práxis realizada no hospital psiquiátrico é indissociável da construção do saber, e a psicopatologia oficial é de uma nosologia descritiva; mas o trabalho clínico permite outras psicopatologias, mais participativas, centradas na relação do sujeito com o mundo, que possam servir a ele como instrumentos de compreensão e ajuda na experiência vivida. Assim, a categoria da vontade em psicopatologia clássica adota a perspectiva aristotélica de uma deliberação racional, mas a leitura filosófica de Arendt destaca a centralidade da liberdade e da espontaneidade inerentes ao conceito. Esta dicotomia entre vontade livre e determinação traz repercussões para a clínica e para a justiça, como nos casos da avaliação da responsabilidade dos pacientes sobre seus atos. Neste campo, assim como na avaliação do juízo crítico, a ciência não garante a objetividade totalizante, deixando sempre a decisão sobre a internação psiquiátrica involuntária na dependência do político, da moral e da ética que constituem a clínica.
This work is a reflection on the criteria used in psychiatric practice to justify involuntary detention and treatment. The restriction of freedom is an infringement of human rights, and if it is to be justified on the grounds of mental pathology, it must be legally and ethically qualified. Historically, long term internment of people in psychiatric institutions led to social exclusion and the rupture of importante social and personhood ties. Emergency hospitalization is often justified on the grounds of risk. Hence, a critical analysis is offered (along the lines of Derridas deconstruction and Foucaults genealogy), of our current medical-psychiatric understanding, which is the foundation of all clinical work. An overview of the many arrangements for psychiatric involuntary detention on a variety of Western countries demonstrates an interplay between medical and legal (rights based) models. These arrangements all come with benefits and challenges. The medicalization of human life is a modern, world-wide phenomenon, and is viewed as a dynamics process where the appropriation of medical categories by users and their families also produces empowerment and change. We see how, historically, moral bias of practice performed at psychiatric hospitals is inseparable to knowledge construction, and oficial psychopathology is a descriptive nosology, but clinical practice allows other psychopathologies, more participative ones, centered on the relations between the subject and the world, which may help him to understand and survive life experiences. Thus classical pathology adopts a rational aristotelian approach to understanding the concept of Will, while the philosophical view of Arendt emphasizes the centrality of freedom and spontaneity. The inherent dichotomy between free Will and determinism leads to clinical and legal repercussions, in the case of assessing a patients level of responsibility for his actions. In this field, as in the evaluation of a patients level of insight, science does not warrant total objectivity. Hence the decisions about psychiatric involuntary detention will always depend on the basis of the complex interplay between politics, morality and ethics, basis of all clinical work.

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Gadia, Giovanna Cunha Mello Lazarini. "A saúde psíquica enquanto elemento do direito fundamental à saude: um estudo sob a ótica da dignidade." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2015. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13227.

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This studyhas the scope to analyze the concept of mental health as an essential element of the fundamental right to health, taking as reference the principle of human dignity. The concept of dignity as a guiding principle of the whole legal system and places the individual at the center of the system concerns.The key right to health is provided in the Brazilian Constitution in Article 6 and 196 and following, and despite the dealings given to it in the fundamental dimension, there is no content specifications clarifying their essential conforming elements. However, by adopting the concept of health proposed by the World Health Organization, Brazilian lawmakers recognizes the health establishment the physical, mental and social elements.Thus, using the deductive approach, the monographic method procedure and technical research literature procedure, beyond the transdisciplinary approach and use of legal arguments in development principle logical, will be the first to analyze the evolution of interpretation of the person and of human dignity through of the times, emphasizing it\'s current use.Then will study the connection of this principle of fundamental rights, and their intrinsic relation with the formation of an existential minimum core rights necessary to the implementation of dignified life, where health is a part.Following are studied aspects pertaining to the fundamental right to health, delimiting it\'s forecast in the Brazilian planning and identifying characteristics to, immediately, address her mental health as her essential constituent element. Finally, will be held the related analysis all institutes developed in research in order to scale the scope of the psychic content of health from the perspective of human dignity.
O presente estudo tem por escopo analisar o alcance do conceito de saúde psíquica enquanto elemento essencial do direito fundamental à saúde, tomando-se por referencial o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. A dignidade figura como princípio norteador de todo o ordenamento jurídico e coloca o ser humano no centro das preocupações do sistema. O direito fundamental à saúde é previsto na Constituição Brasileira no artigo 6º e 196 e seguintes, e, não obstante a tratativa que lhe é dada em dimensão de direito fundamental, não há especificações de conteúdo que delimitem seus elementos conformadores essenciais. Entretanto, ao adotar o conceito de saúde proposto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde o legislador brasileiro reconhece na constituição da saúde os elementos físico, mental e social. Assim, utilizando-se do método dedutivo de abordagem, do método de procedimento monográfico e procedimento de pesquisa técnica bibliográfica, além da abordagem transdisciplinar e utilização de argumentação jurídica no desenvolvimento principiológico, primeiramente será analisada a evolução da interpretação do conceito de pessoa e de dignidade da pessoa humana através dos tempos, enfatizando-se sua atual utilização. Em seguida estudar-se-á a conexão desse princípio aos direitos fundamentais, bem como sua relação intrínseca à formação de um núcleo mínimo existencial de direitos necessários à concretização da vida digna, onde a saúde se insere. Na sequência serão estudados os aspectos atinentes ao direito fundamental à saúde, delimitando sua previsão no ordenamento brasileiro e identificando suas características conformadoras para, ato contínuo, abordar-se a saúde psíquica enquanto seu elemento constitutivo essencial. Por fim, realizar-se-á a análise correlata de todos os institutos desenvolvidos na pesquisa de modo a dimensionar o alcance do conteúdo psíquico da saúde sob a ótica da dignidade da pessoa humana.
Mestre em Direito Público

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Edwards, Davyd. "Human rights and mental illness : an investigation into the meaning and utility of rights for people diagnosed with mental illness." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7931.

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Bibliography: leaves 176-188.
This study sought to develop an understanding of the ways in which rights are conceived of and made use of by people diagnosed with mental illness. This research sheds light on the processes involved in actualising rights in the lives of people diagnosed with mental illness. It focuses on the experiences of people diagnosed with mental illnesses living in the community.

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Straub, Karsta. ""Public health vs. human rights? : a human rights approach to non-smoker protection in Hong Kong" /." Thesis, View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38852093.

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Sidarous, Mona. "When professional rights conflict with human rights : legal and ethical issues." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26220.

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My aim is to demonstrate that professionals perceive they have a right to refuse to provide their services and are currently acting accordingly. This thesis explores whether a professional right to refuse services exists; if so, the limits of this right; and whether a professional 'right' to refuse services ought to exist and in what circumstances. This requires analysis of whether refusals to provide professional services might be considered unethical conduct according to existing codes of ethics and moral theories, unprofessional conduct within the norms of professional regulatory and disciplinary bodies, or illegal conduct according to Canadian law, in particular, human rights law. The issues are examined primarily with reference to physicians who treat patients and some comparisons are made with physician clinical researchers and lawyers. The shift from a duty-based system of professional service to a rights-based system of professional privileges has led to conflicting goals of professional self-regulation, and some possible resolutions to this conflict are explored.

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Marečková, Jana. "Human rights of persons with mental disabilities : international and Czech perspectives /." Saarbrücken : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783639073768.

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Loff, Beatrice. "Health and human rights : case studies in the potential contribution of a human rights framework to the analysis of health questions." Monash University, Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5291.

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Brito, Emanuele Seicenti de. "O Direito Humano à Saúde Mental: compreensão dos profissionais da área." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-28112011-160938/.

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O movimento de reforma psiquiátrica consolidou-se no Brasil com a Lei 10.216 de 2001, formalizando assim, um novo modelo em rede de assistência à saúde mental. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa descritiva com abordagem de dados qualitativa apresentou como objetivo identificar como os profissionais de saúde que trabalham em um hospital psiquiátrico do município de São José do Rio Preto compreendem os direitos humanos elencados na Lei 10.216/2001, que dispõe sobre a proteção e os direitos das pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais e redireciona o modelo assistencial em saúde mental. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados de entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante e a análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da análise de conteúdo. Foram entrevistados 33 profissionais de saúde que participam do processo de hospitalização e cuidados ao paciente, enfermeiros, auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, médicos, assistentes sociais, psicólogos e terapeuta ocupacional. Os resultados demonstram que: os profissionais acreditam que as pessoas tenham fácil acesso ao serviço, embora exista um fluxo de atendimento a ser seguido e os pacientes tenham que passar primeiro pela emergência onde será verificada a disponibilidade de vagas, que é sempre escassa, devido ao fato do hospital ser o serviço mais utilizado na região para atendimento aos portadores de transtornos mentais; embora os profissionais saibam da importância da participação da família no tratamento do portador de transtorno mental, as estratégias utilizadas para assegurar essa participação não são suficientes e ainda ocorrem muitos casos de abandono de pacientes no hospital por parte da família; a participação da comunidade no tratamento não é possível no local do estudo por se tratar de uma instituição fechada, o que limita a interação do paciente com a comunidade em que vive, sendo possível apenas quando saem de licença de final de semana. Assim, a participação da comunidade se limita a doações e trabalhos voluntários; o preconceito em relação à pessoa e ao transtorno mental ainda é muito evidente principalmente por parte da comunidade. Contudo, o preconceito não foi verificado apenas na comunidade, uma vez que os próprios sujeitos do estudo também demonstraram certo preconceito em suas falas; o acesso às informações pelos portadores de transtornos mentais sobre seu transtorno e tratamento é limitado. As informações foram consideradas insuficientes pela maioria dos sujeitos devido à falta de tempo para uma atenção individualizada e a dificuldade de compreensão dos portadores de transtornos mentais; há restrições no acesso aos meios de comunicação disponíveis, que ocorrem em relação ao uso do telefone, e se justificam pelo fato dos portadores de transtornos mentais na maioria das vezes apresentarem quadro psicótico, não sendo possível discernir quanto à utilização equilibrada desse meio. Os participantes demonstraram desconhecer os tipos de internação, o papel do Ministério Público Estadual na internação involuntária e os direitos dos portadores de transtorno mentais. Conclui-se assim que não basta a existência de legislação que garanta o respeito aos portadores de transtornos mentais. O conhecimento da legislação de saúde mental pelos profissionais de saúde mental é de extrema importância para a implementação efetiva da lei, sendo necessário, portanto, promover ações de conscientização direcionadas aos profissionais de saúde sobre os direitos dos portadores de transtornos mentais, bem como sobre as mudanças no modelo de atenção trazidas pela Lei 10.216/01.
The psychiatric reform movement was consolidated in Brazil with the Law 10.216 from 2001, formalizing the new model of the mental health care network. In this context, this descriptive research with a qualitative approach presented the aim to identify how health professionals who work at a psychiatric hospital at the city of São José do Rio Preto understand the human rights established by the Law 10.216/2001 on the protection of persons with mental disorders and about the changes in the care model established in the country. In order to collect data, the author used semistructured interviews and participant observation. Data were analyzed through content analysis. 33 health professionals who participate in the hospitalization process and care to patients were interviewed. Among them, there were nurses, nursing auxiliaries and technicians, medical doctors, social workers, psychologists and occupational therapists. Results showed that: health professionals believe people have easy access to the service, although there is an order to be followed and patients must enter the system through the emergency service where they will find the availability of places, which is scarce as this is the only hospital in the region; in spite of knowing the importance of family in the treatment of the patient with mental disorders, the strategies used to assure their participation are not enough and they face several cases of patients\' abandonment by their families, with respect to the community participation in the treatment, it is not strong at the hospital studied because it is a closed institution, which limitates the interaction between the patient and the community. Patients have some external contact when they have a temporary leave from hospital at the weekends. Thus, community participation is limited to donations and volunteer work; in addition, the stigma regarding the patient with mental disorders is still in the community. However, the author also found the stigma present among the health professionals. The access to information regarding the disorder and treatment is also limited by the patients with mental disorders. The information were considered insufficient by the majority of the subjects due to the lack of time for an individualized care and the difficulty of patients to understand. There are restrictions in the use of communication means, especially regarding the telephone. Participants justified the restriction to the fact that the patients are not able to use it in a balanced way. The subjects demonstrated a lack of knowledge about the hospitalization types as well as the role of prosecution on involuntary hospitalization and the rights of the patients. Author concludes that it is not enough to have a Law to assure the respect to the rights of persons with tmental disorders. The knowledge by health professionals of the legislation on mental health is extremely important for the implementation of the Law and in order to achieve this state it is important to promote actions directed to health professionals regarding the rights of the patients as well as their links with the changes occurred in the model of care after the Law 10.216/01.

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Rapaport, Joan. "A relative affair : the Nearest Relative under the Mental Health Act 1983." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249787.

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Pusateri, Cassandra G. "Mental Health Services in Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3160.

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Mokoena, Joyce Desia. "Construction of a model for human rights education in the health professions." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/652.

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Thesis (Ph.D. (Health Sciences))-- University of Limpopo, 2012
A theory - generative, qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and contextual design was used in this study, in phases 1 and 2. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the nature of human rights education in the health professions programmes at the University of Limpopo, MEDUNSA Campus in order to develop a model for human rights education and teaching of the students in such programmes. In Phase 1, data were collected by means of unstructured, in-depth interviews from the sampled lecturers teaching ethics and/or human rights, as well as by observation, field notes and document analysis. The findings indicated that human rights education is an empowering process for the students, which can be facilitated through a collaborative, Inter-professional and interdisciplinary approach. The content for a human rights education programme should include Ethics and Human Rights which is contextual in terms of the South African society and also considers the international perspectives of human rights. Interactive teaching strategies should be used to facilitate maximum involvement and engagement of the student with the subject matter. In Phase 2, the construction and description of the model is done, based on the guidelines of Dickoff, James & Weidenbach (1968); Chinn & Kramer (2008); Walker & Avant (2011). The concepts which were derived from the themes that emerged from the interviews with the key informants, the observations made, the field notes, the review of selected documents and the literature which used as data, provided the framework for the model “Human Rights Education in the Health Professions”. The thesis provides the research report, and a description of the model, including the guidelines for implementation. Recommendations which are based on the findings of the study have been made with respect to education, practice and research. A key recommendation concerns the review of the content of the curriculum for human rights. Key words: collaboration, education, empowerment, ethics, human rights, human rights education.

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Cooper, Andrew James. "The Human Right to Health Care: A Distributive cliché." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Philosophy and Religious Studies, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/979.

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The universal human right to health care is a cliché that is frequently invoked by politicians and various activist groups to express the idea that inequalities in the distribution of medical resources are unjust. These disgruntled social reformers are largely uninformed about the true nature of human rights, claiming that any society in which some citizens go without comprehensive medical services is institutionalising immorality by violating Article 25 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Such uninformed and exaggerated claims only serve to distort the public conception of human rights, obscure the legitimate demands of social justice, and impose unrealistic expectations on health care systems of limited resources. In this paper, I intend to uncover the true meaning of the universal right to health care, ultimately rejecting the commonly held notion that inequality in the distribution of medical resources necessarily entails a violation of human rights. In Chapters One and Two, I dissect the notion of human rights in order to further define Article 25, discussing any moral and practical implications the acceptance of this right has for both the individual and society. Chapters Three and Four concern the just allocation of health care resources within society, in accordance with the right to health care, and will assess appropriate distributive principles for the health care institution.

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Lowe, Daniel Matthew. "Assessing the universality of human rights in the context of health." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12657/.

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This thesis looks to examine the contemporary potentiality of universal human rights. It begins by noting that within the modern context the idea of universal rights is increasingly challenged by a security dominated discourse. The era of the so called ‘War on Terror’ is defined by diminished appreciation of the concept of human rights, both in terms of government commitments and popular opinion. The central aim of this thesis is to determine whether the idea of universal human rights is justifiable within these contexts. In accordance with this aim, this thesis will utilise important elements of critical jurisprudential accounts of human rights, centred on the work of Costas Douzinas. These elements, based upon challenging the accepted standards/interpretations of legal concepts, will be employed in an attempt to provide an objective appraisal of the sufficiency of prevailing interpretations of the concept of human rights. Through utilisation of Douzinas’ authoritative body of work documenting the presence of human rights in the contemporary world, this thesis will ultimately look to challenge the perception that security and human rights are competing aims. This thesis will argue that the universality of human rights relates to their overarching purpose. In accordance with James Griffin, this thesis will propose that this purpose relates to the actualisation of ‘normative agency’. Through a critical examination of the modern construct of human rights, centred around issues of human healthiness, this thesis will identify the right to health as a foundational claim – in that its fulfilment (either directly or indirectly) is a pre-requisite for the meaningfulness of other protections (and the actualisation of normative agency). This thesis will conclude by examining this concept of human healthiness within the context of national security. Here it will be shown that as both national security and human rights are centred on considerations of subsistence, they are not incompatible, and that the universality of the idea of rights is absolute. Further, it will be shown that this absoluteness reflects a permanence of purpose rather than practical implementation.

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Thoresen, Stian Ho Yong. "Health care challenges and human resources for health in Thailand : migrations, social and political tensions, and human rights implications." Curtin University of Technology, School of Social Work and Social Policy, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=118405.

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The global shortage of human resources for health and the brain drain of health care professionals exacerbate health care challenges in many small and medium sized economies, including efforts to curb the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This research investigated attitudes, perceptions, and dynamics among health care students and professionals in Thailand related to human resources for health, migration, inequitable distribution between rural and urban areas as well as between the public and private sector, and influences on migration ambitions. This included contemporary social and political parameters. Perceptions and attitudes among health care students and professionals were explored through a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews with health care professionals. Additional interviews with key-informants encapsulated contemporary events, dynamics, adversities, and challenges specific to the Thai context. It is argued that both the right to health care and health care professionals’ right to free movement must be protected and upheld. This research adds to the knowledge and insight into the specific health care challenges in Thailand and reflections upon the sustainability of the health care system; both in light of these health care challenges and the principles of sustainability as proposed by The World Commission on Environment and Development, the Brundtland Report (1990). It will enhance the scope from which health care, manpower expansion, and reform is pursued. Any approach to stem the exodus of health care professionals must recognise the rights of all stakeholders, including health care professionals and health care consumers, and all stakeholders must be engaged in the pursuit of sustainable health care through the principles of sustainable development and global sustainability.

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Pleasants, Gabriel J. "Bioethics and Human Rights: A Problem, a Proposal, and an Achievement." Thesis, Boston College, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/508.

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Thesis advisor: James F. Keenan
This study investigates the recent paradigm shift in bioethics to an approach that uses the language of human rights to work towards social justice and health equity. It follows the three stages of Kuhn's "paradigm shift": recognizing the fallibility of the first paradigm and proving its destructiveness, presenting the theoretical particulars of a new paradigm, and demonstrating how the new paradigm becomes operational. The case study of the organ trade shows the failure of the first model of bioethics, based on autonomy and non-maleficence. This model falsely depicts the true ethical challenges while shadowing the enormous harms it causes. An emerging bioethical model centered on human rights is presented as the best theoretical option to remedy the ills of the first paradigm and make sense of bioethical dilemmas across the globe. But the second paradigm cannot simply look better, it must be operational. Applying the human rights model, the Treatment Action Campaign in South Africa achieved universal access to antiretroviral treatment, thus confirming the theory of the new paradigm in action. The study concludes with a call for an ethics of implementation within the new paradigm that balances the radical ideal of health as a human right with concrete and pragmatic improvements in healthcare; an ethics of "being on the way" to the ultimate goal of justice and equity in health
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: International Studies
Discipline: College Honors Program

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Mahery, Prinslean Sandra. "Children's health service rights and the issue of consent." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1858_1223452795.

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Although the concept of human rights is very much accepted as part of human existence throughout the world today, there is still much controversy surrounding the idea of rights for children. The Constitution, however, not only recognises the fact that like all other members of society, children are capable of being bearers of human rights but emphasises also the special position of children in society by granting them specific rights in the Constitution. Health rights are particularly important for children as the entitlements and obligations created by such rights are necessary for children to realise their full potential. In this thesis the entitlements and obligations attached to children'shealth service rights in the COnstitution are explored.

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Peterman, Amber Handa Sudhanshu. "Essays in maternal health and human rights evidence from sub-Saharan Africa /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2396.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Public Policy." Discipline: Public Policy; Department/School: Public Policy.

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Speldewinde, Peter Christiaan. "Ecosystem health : the relationship between dryland salinity and human health." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0127.

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Australia is experiencing widespread ecosystem degradation, including dryland salinity, erosion and vegetation loss. Approximately 1 million hectares (5.5%) of the south-west agricultural zone of Western Australia is affected by dryland salinity and is predicted to rise to 5.4 million hectares by 2050. Such degradation is associated with many environmental outcomes that may impact on human health, including a decrease in primary productivity, an increase in the number of invasive species, a decrease in the number of large trees, overall decrease in biodiversity, and an increase in dust production. The resulting degradation affects not only farm production but also farm values. This study examines the effects of such severe and widespread environmental degradation on the physical and mental health of residents. Western Australia has an extensive medical record database which links individual health records for all hospital admissions, cancer cases, births and deaths. For the 15 diseases examined in this project, the study area of the south west of Western Australia (excluding the capital city of Perth) contained 1,570,985 morbidity records and 27,627 mortality records for the 15 diseases examined in a population of approximately 460,000. Environmental data were obtained from the Western Australian Department of Agriculture?s soil and landscape mapping database. A spatial Bayesian framework was used to examine associations between these disease and environmental variables. The Bayesian model detected the confounding variables of socio-economic status and proportion of the population identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. With the inclusion of these confounders in the model, associations were found between environmental degradation (including dryland salinity) and several diseases with known environmentally-mediated triggers, including asthma, ischaemic heart disease, suicide and depression. However, once records of individuals who had been diagnosed with coexistent depression were removed from the analysis, the effect of dryland salinity was no longer statistically detectable for asthma, ischaemic heart disease or suicide, although the effects of socio-economic status and size of the Aboriginal population remained. The spatial component of this study showed an association between land degradation and human health. These results indicated that such processes are driving the degree of psychological ill-health in these populations, although it remains uncertain whether this 4 is secondary to overall coexisting rural poverty or some other environmental mechanism. To further investigate this complex issue an instrument designed to measure mental health problems in rural communities was developed. Components of the survey included possible triggers for mental health, including environmental factors. The interview was administered in a pilot study through a telephone survey of a small number of farmers in South-Western Australia. Using logistic regression a significant association between the mental health of male farmers and dryland salinity was detected. However, the sample size of the survey was too small to detect any statistically significant associations between dryland salinity and the mental health of women. The results of this study indicate that dryland salinity, as with other examples of ecosystem degradation, is associated with an increased burden of human disease.

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Hall, Kristopher. "Identifying the Initial Mental Health Messages of Army ROTC Students and Exploring Their Connection to Mental Health Stigma and Help-Seeking Behaviors." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6291.

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Mental health stigma among military service members has been recognized as a significant barrier to mental health treatment as researchers (Greenberg, Langston, & Gould, 2007; Greene-Shortridge, Britt, & Castro, 2007; Hoge et al., 2004; Pietrzak, Johnson, Goldstein, Malley, & Southwick, 2009) have concluded that military service members are reluctant to engage in help seeking behaviors to avoid negative labeling in the form of stereotyping. Additionally, links have been made between leadership and stigma, acknowledging that military service members are more likely to seek mental health treatment if they perceive that their leadership is supportive (Britt, Wright, & Moore, 2012; Hoge et al., 2004; Wright et al., 2009). Each of the aforementioned authors has advocated for an increased attention on those military service members with mental health issues by offering new programs and providing leadership support. The military has attempted to address both of these suggestions with the introduction of resilience training and increased screening for mental health issues. Unfortunately, despite such interventions, prevalence rates for diagnoses such as PTSD remain at high levels. A reason for this may be due to a lack of attention to the origins of the messages that future leaders receive regarding mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the thoughts, feelings, and beliefs of US Army ROTC students and the possible presence of mental health stigma at their level of military involvement (i.e. pre-commission). The author sought to understand how biases against mental health are formed at one of the earliest points of cultural indoctrination within the military structure. This dissertation will contain an overview of the identified mental health beliefs of US Army ROTC students at a large southern university. How these beliefs relate to mental health stigma and help seeking behaviors will also be explored.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Education and Human Performance
Education; Counselor Education Track

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41

Lemonde, Sylvie. "Transcriptional regulation of the human 5-HT1A receptor gene: Implications in major depression and suicide." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29135.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) constitutes the most commonly diagnosed mental illness affecting 16% of the population. Reduction in serotonergic tone is the most widely accepted etiological hypothesis for MDD and antidepressant treatments enhance serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurotransmission. Negative regulation of serotonergic raphe neurons is mediated by somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors, which are increased in depressed suicides and become down-regulated before antidepressants take effect. I hypothesized that genetic variations in regulatory regions of this receptor that dictate its expression, could contribute to predisposition to depression and treatment responsiveness. I initially addressed the basal mechanisms of human 5-HT1A receptor gene regulation using transient transfections with luciferase reporter constructs of 5' flanking sequences. A region between -1624 and -1550 by displayed strong repressor activity and contained at least three repressor elements: a consensus RE-1 and two copies of a novel dual repressor element (DRE). By yeast one-hybrid screening we identified a novel calcium-regulated repressor (Freud-1) that binds to DRE to reduce basal 5-HT1A receptor expression in neurons. Using an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), we have demonstrated that Freud-1 mediates HDAC-independent repression in neuronal 5-HT1A positive cells, while REST or other DRE binding proteins recruit HDAC-dependant mechanisms to silence the receptor in non-neuronal 5-HT1A-negative cells. I also searched for sequence variations in 5-HT1A regulatory regions that may associate with depression. Further downstream from this region, we have identified a functional C(-1019)G polymorphism in the human 5-HT1A promoter that associates with major depression and completed suicide. The occurrence of the G allele at -1019 by prevents binding and repression by specific transcription factors NUDR and Hes5, identified by yeast one hybrid approach, and results in de-repression of the 5-HT1A receptor gene and hence, may contribute to the predisposition to depression. In conclusion, I have identified important transcriptional regulatory elements and proteins of the 5-HT1A gene implicated in serotonin neurotransmission, and characterized the mechanism of a new functional 5-HT1A promoter polymorphism involved in both suicide and MDD. This study may provide an improved marker for diagnosis and treatment of depression and provide a model for correlation between polymorphisms, gene expression and mental illnesses.

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Olubadewo, Oluseyi B. Goldstein Naomi E. Sevin. "The relationship between mental health symptoms and comprehension of Miranda Rights in male juvenile offenders /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2900.

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Olubadewo, Oluseyi B. "The relationship between mental health symptoms and comprehension of Miranda Rights in male juvenile offenders." Click for resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2900.

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Huang, He. "Decision-making and motor control| computational models of human sensorimotor processing." Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3673994.

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To survive and effectively interact with the environment, human sensorimotor control system collects sensory information and acts based on the state of the world. Human behavior can be considered and studied at discrete time or continuous time. For the former, human makes discrete categorical decisions when presented with different alternative choices (e.g. choose Left or Right at an intersection). For the later, humans plan and execute continuous movements when instructed to perform a motor task (e.g. drive to a destination). In this dissertation we examine human behavior at both levels. Part I focuses on understanding decision-making at discrete time using Bayesian Models. We start by investigating the influence of environmental statistics in a saccadic visual search ask, in which we use a dynamic belief model to describe subjects' learning process of the environment statistics cross-trials. Then we look at a special effect of decision- making, the sequential effect, and apply the dynamic belief model to explain subjects' cross-trial learning and a drift diffusion model to explain their within-trial decision- making process. Part II focuses on examining motor control at continuous time using Optimal Control Theory. We start by investigating the objective functions in oculomotor control (saccadic eye movement, smooth pursuit, and applications in eye-hand coordination) with an infomax model. Then we apply inverse optimal control model to study impaired motor behavior in depressed individuals. In particular, we present a framework based on optimal control theory, which can distinguish the effects of sensorimotor speed, goal setting and motivational factors in goal-directed motor tasks. Finally, we propose to use facial expression as another measure of the emotional state in depressed individuals, which can be used to provide further understanding of the behavior and model parameters estimated from the proposed inverse framework.

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Xie, Rongbing. "Modeling Depression Treatment Strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Positive Patients." Thesis, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10642913.

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This dissertation empirically examines the associations between depression and HIV-related outcomes, simulates both care and outcomes under different depression care strategies, and compares the cost effectiveness of various depression care strategies to the current care strategy.

The empirical investigations reveal the negative associations between depression and HIV-related outcomes using two longitudinal patient-level databases. Furthermore, the patterns and outcomes of depression care are identified and simulated using agent-based modeling. Finally, simulated costs and effectiveness are used to evaluate different depression care strategies for reducing new HIV infections and improving quality of life.

The current standard of care for depression among patients living with HIV can be characterized as low intensity in terms of screening and treatment; enhanced depression care strategies are proposed and evaluated to be cost-saving. Recommendations are offered to enhance depression care in HIV care settings.

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Hugo, Charmaine June. "Mental health literacy and attitudes of human resource practitioners in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53498.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: South African companies need to contend with numerous transformation and development issues since the country's re-entry into the international marketplace. One component that is receiving increasing attention is the wellbeing of employees in the drive to remain competitive within the global economy. This study argues that mental illness is a component of employee wellbeing that has been ignored, even though these conditions are highly prevalent and costly to businesses. The lack of recognition, research and information about mental illness in the workplace raises questions about the knowledge and orientation of human resource (HR) practitioners. This study therefore aimed to investigate and describe the mental health literacy and attitudes ofHR practitioners in South Africa. Methodology: This study had a descriptive purpose and employed a sample survey research design to distribute a mail questionnaire to a randomly selected sample of human resource practitioners registered with the South African Board for Personnel Practice (SABPP). The measuring instrument comprised mental health literacy and attitudes scales that have been extensively researched and reported to have sound psychometric properties. Three vignettes portraying mental disorders selected for their relevance to the business world (i.e., depression, panic disorder and alcohol abuse) were used as aids to achieving the research aim. A standard statistical package (SPSS 10.0) was utilised to determine descriptive and inferential statistics with an accepted 5% level of significance. Results: A response rate of 31% was achieved yielding an equal distribution of responses across the study vignettes. HR practitioners who acted as respondents to this study were found to be illiterate regarding mental illness and to hold subtle negative attitudes towards the mentally ill. Less than 10% could recognise mental illness as opposed to the majority who regarded the behaviour in the vignettes as normal responses. Whereas just over a third could correctly name the diagnosis described in the vignettes, only 7% were able to identify panic disorder. Most respondents believed that psychosocial stress factors caused mental illness, while only 29% where of the opinion that biological factors had a role in the aetiology of mental illness. Respondents favoured psychological and lifestyle treatment strategies and opposed medical treatments, irrespective of the type of mental illness presented with. Although as a group respondents showed mainly positive attitudes towards the mentally ill, evidence was found that the commonly held myths of danger/violence and the irresponsible/ childlike nature of the mentally ill were adhered to. Conclusions: The HR field should take cognisance of the reality of mental illness. Urgent steps need to be taken to adequately equip HR practitioners and students with both evidencebased knowledge and a positive orientation to enable the effective management of these conditions in the workplace. Attention should be given to addressing common mistruths and misconceptions, and to creating an awareness of the significant role that the HR practitioner can play in timeously recognising and appropriately dealing with employee mental health problems so that companies can benefit by the optimal utilisation of human resources.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye het te doen met verskeie transformasie- en ontwikkelings aangeleenthede sedert die land se terugkeer na die internasionale mark. Die welstand van werkers is 'n aspek wat toenemend aandag verkry met hierdie strewe om mededingend te bly in die globale ekonomie. Hierdie studie argumenteer dat geestessiekte as 'n komponent van werkerwelstand geïgnoreer word, alhoewel dit algemeen voorkom en besighede heelwat geld kos. Die beperkte herkenning, navorsing en inligting oor geestessiekte in die werkplek lei tot vrae omtrent die kennis en inslag van Menslike Hulpbron- (MR) praktisyns. Derhalwe, ondersoek en beskryf hierdie studie die kennis en houding jeens geestesgesondheid van MH-praktisyns in Suid-Afrika. Metodologie: Hierdie studie se doel is beskrywend van aard en maak gebruik van 'n steekproef opname navorsingsontwerp. 'n Vraelys is gepos aan 'n ewekansig gesellekteerde steekproef van MH-praktisyns wat geregistreer is by die Suid-Afrikaanse Raad vir Personeelpraktyk. Die meetinstrument bestaan uit geestesgesondheid kennis- en houdingskale wat ekstensief nagevors is en wat beskryf is om goeie psigometriese eienskappe te besit. Drie gevaUestudies van geestessteurings relevant tot die besigheidswêreld (depressie, panieksteuring en alkoholmisbruik) is gebruik as hulpmiddels om die navorsingsdoeiwit te bereik. Standaard statistiese sagteware (SPSS 10.0) is gebruik om beskrywende en afleidende statistiek te bepaal met 'n aangenome 5% vlak van betekenisvolheid. Bevindings: Altesaam 31% van vraelyste is beantwoord en dit was eweredig verdeel tussen die verskillende gevallestudies. MH-praktisyns wat deelgeneem het aan hierdie studie het swak kennis omtrent geestessiekte en subtiele negatiewe houdings ten opsigte van persone met geestesiekte getoon. Minder as 10% kon geestessiekte identifiseer teenoor die meerderheid wat die gedrag in die gevallestudies as normaal beskou het. Net oor 'n derde kon die diagnose korrek benoem en slegs 7% kon panieksteuring korrek identifiseer. Meeste van die respondente het geglo dat psigososiale stresfaktore geestessiekte veroorsaak, terwyl net 29% van mening was dat biologiese faktore 'n rol speel in die etiologie van geestessiekte. Respondente het psigologiese en lewensstyl behandelingsmodaliteite verkies bo mediese behandeling en dit was onafhanklik van die tipe geestessteuring wat voorgekom het. Alhoewel die respondente as 'n groep hoofsaaklik 'n positiewe houding getoon het ten opsigte van persone met geestessiekte, was daar bewyse dat algemene mites ondersteun is en dat persone met geestessiekte beskou is as gevaarlik/aggressief en as onverantwoordeliklkinderlik. Gevolgtrekkings: Die MH veld moet die realiteit van geestessiekte aanvaar. Dringende stappe moet geneem word om MH-praktisyns en studente te voorsien van uitkomsgebaseerde kennis en 'n positiewe houding sodat effektiewe hantering van hierdie toestande kan plaasvind in die werkplek. Algemene onwaarhede en miskonsepsies moet aangespreek word en die bewustheid van die betekenisvolle rol van die MH-praktisyn moet benadruk word. Geestesgesondheidsprobleme van die werker moet betyds herken word en toepaslik gehanteer word sodat maatskappye voordeel kan trek uit die optimale gebruik van menslike hulpbronne.

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Drury, Dawn. "Mental health crisis resolution as human occupation : a political and professional discourse." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2014. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c1533926-331c-4615-95a8-d75ef890c915.

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The aim of this thesis is to identify concepts of human occupation within the discourses surrounding Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Teams. The scope of the research covers specific Government policy and research related to the implementation of Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Teams in the United Kingdom, exploring theories of human occupation with the intent of proposing an additional perspective of mental health crisis. Drawing on Michel Foucault's ideas of governmentality and the influences of discourses within historical and political contexts, articles, research reports and government policy have been investigated. Documents reflecting the national context of a number of stakeholders and types of knowledge were subjected to a discourse analysis, mapping the development of mental health crisis as a discursive formation. The main findings in Part One identify how overarching discourses of neo-liberal ideas privileges economic and managerial discursive practices in shaping the remit and measurement of efficacy of this service provision. As a result, these discourses influence the focus of research onto the economic efficacy of Crisis Teams and their role in performing a gatekeeper function to hospital admission. Part Two proposes that concepts of human occupation are implicit within recent Government policy strategies, and posits an additional perspective for exploring how concepts of human occupation manifest themselves in relation to other discourses and through the mode of govern mentality. Links developed between policy rhetoric and service user discourse suggest an additional paradigm for the definition of crisis which draws upon the concepts of human occupation. Future research that can investigate mental health crisis from additional perspectives will address power relations in mental health crisis response and redress the balance of a current economic and managerial research focus in this area. Further investigation from a perspective of occupational disruption/deprivation will contribute to the development of responses to support recovery from mental health crisis, raising awareness of occupation in relation to increasing resilience and well-being. In addition, research exploring concepts of human occupation implicit within a range of social arenas will identify and look to address issues of occupational justice.

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Aan, het Rot Marije. "Serotonin, bright light, and the regulation of human social interaction and mood." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111846.

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The three studies described in this Doctoral Thesis pertain to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the environmental factor light, and their role in the regulation of human mood as well as behavioural and perceptual aspects of daily social interaction. Participants were healthy at the time of the study but considered at risk for mood disorders in the future. In Study 1, the serotonin system was manipulated by administering tryptophan. This resulted in a decrease in quarrelsome behaviours, an increase in agreeable behaviours, and improved mood. Changes in perceptions of others were also seen. In Study 2, acute tryptophan depletion was used in conjunction with dim or bright light exposure during test days. A worsening of mood was seen under dim but not bright light conditions, which suggests that bright light was able to regulate mood by interacting with the brain serotonin system. In Study 3, this idea was explored further by investigating the links between light exposure levels and mood, as well as social behaviours and social perceptions, in everyday life. Higher levels of natural bright light exposure were associated with less quarrelsomeness, more agreeableness, and better mood. In conclusion, serotonin appears to mediate aspects of human social interaction that have been linked to a variety of mental and physical health issues. Bright light may regulate mood in part by altering the activity of the brain serotonin system. An increase in bright light exposure may have effects on mood and social interaction similar to a pharmacological manipulation of the brain serotonin system. The findings of the three studies presented here may have implications for the development of a nonpharmacological approach to the prevention of mental as well as physical disease. The various processes underlying factors that modulate social inclusion and acceptance deserve more attention in psychiatry and human neuroscience.

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Wagoro, Miriam Carole Atieno. "A grounded theory of the Kenya human interaction model for mental health nursing practice." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22901.

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Background: Although mental disorders is of great public health concern among Kenyan populations, mental health services remain poor. Some of the reasons attributed to delivery of poor mental health services are unfavourable work environment and lack of policy guidelines including a conceptual model of nursing.Quality of mental health nursing care significantly impacts on general mental health services in Kenya since they are predominantly provided by nurses. Lack of a model to guide care and improve mental health services created the need to develop the Kenyan Human Interaction Model for mental health nursing practice. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to discover and develop a Kenyan model for mental health nursing guided by two research questions, namely: What are the views of Kenyan mental health nurses with regards to human being, environment, mental health nursing and mental health: What is the appropriate model for mental health nursing practice in Kenya? Methodology: Straussian Grounded Theory method was used in the study. Data were collected for 6 months through in-depth interviews with 33 registered mental health nurses selected by open, purposive and theoretical sampling methods. Inductive and deductive data analysis of the nurses' description of their views and recommendations on the nursing metaparadigms were done Findings: A substantive theory of the Kenyan Human Interaction Model for mental health nursing practice was developed .The four metaparadigm concepts of the discovered theory are: 1. Human being as a unique biopsychosocio-spiritual being and causal condition 2. Environment consisting of homely and hostile dimensions 3. Mental health nursing as a holistic care founded on human interaction 4. Mental health (consequence of holistic care) with optimum and illness dimensions. Mental health nursing was discovered as the central phenomena interacting with its causal, contexts and intervening conditions to determine the mental health dimension of the human being. The quality of mental health nursing determines the mental health dimensions and is influenced by the environment and nurses' characteristics as contexts and intervening conditions respectively. These interactions lead to consequences discovered as optimum mental health. The Kenya Human Interaction Model for mental health nursing practice is customized to the Kenyan situation and contributes knowledge which is relevant to mental health nursing practitioners, students, educators and administrators.

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Mackey, M. Scott. "Quantitative architectonic analysis of the ventromedial and orbital frontal cortex in the human and the Macaque monkey brain." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86654.

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Significant discrepancies between the various published architectonic parcellations of the ventromedial and orbital frontal cortex of the human and the macaque monkey brains present a formidable obstacle for research directed at understanding the normal cognitive function of this region in the healthy brain and its involvement in a spectrum of psychiatric diseases. The present thesis addresses this problem by describing a revised parcellation of the ventromedial and orbital frontal cortex based upon quantitative measurements of cortical architectonic features which distinguish between spatially discrete areas in the human brain and between comparable areas in the macaque monkey brain. To facilitate the communication of results within the general neuroscience community, the boundaries of the parcellated areas will be identified by stereotactic coordinates and in terms of their relation to the sulcal morphology of the cortex. Considerable emphasis is placed on describing the method of sampling the cortical architecture developed as a part of this thesis and designed specifically to measure features of the cortical architecture which can serve in cross species comparisons.
Il existe des anomalies importantes publiées entre les parcellisations architectoniques du cortex frontal ventromedial, orbital humain, et celui des singes macaques. Cela présente un défi interessant pour les chercheurs qui tentent de comprendre la fonction cognitive normale de cette région dans le cerveau sain, ainsi que son rôle dans un éventail de maladies psychiatriques. Cette thèse aborde ce problème en décrivant une parcellisation révisée du cortex frontal ventromedial et orbital. Elle se base sur des mesures quantitatives de caractéristiques architectoniques corticales, tout en distinguant entre les régions de l'espace discret du cerveau humain et les régions comparables dans le cerveau du singe macaque. Pour faciliter la divulgation des résultats, au sein de la communauté générale des neurosciences, les frontières des régions parcellés seront identifiées par leurs coordonnées stéréotactiques et leurs relations avec la morphologie sulcale du cortex. Il est à noter qu'un accent particulier est mis sur la description de la méthode d'échantillonnage de l'architecture corticale. Cette méthode, partie intégrale de la thèse, est concue spécifiquement pour mesurer les caractéristiques de l'architecture corticale et peut servir à faire des comparaisons hétérospécifiques entre espèce.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mental health and human rights'

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