Journal articles: 'Mental health diagnoses'

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McKinnon, Caroline R., and Jane T. Garvin. "Weight Reduction Goal Achievement Among Veterans With Mental Health Diagnoses." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 25, no. 4 (September 21, 2018): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390318800594.

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BACKGROUND: Despite the use of weight management programs among veterans, the impact of mental health diagnoses on weight reduction goal achievement is unknown. AIMS: We aimed to describe the prevalence and association of mental health diagnoses with a 5% weight reduction goal achievement. METHODS: Logistic regression was used to describe the association between mental health diagnoses and weight reduction goal achievement at 6, 12, and 24 months among 402 veterans enrolled in a weight management program. RESULTS: More than 43% of veterans had a mental health diagnoses, with depressive disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorders being the most prevalent. At all three times, simply having a mental health diagnosis was not associated with weight reduction goal achievement. Specific diagnoses were associated with a greater likelihood of achieving weight reduction goals at 12 months (PTSD and Drug Use Disorder) and 24 months (Anxiety Disorder and Other Mental Health Diagnosis). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that unhealthy weight is quite common for individuals with mental health diagnoses; however, weight reduction goal achievement may be equally likely for those with and without mental health diagnoses. The prevalence of mental health diagnoses among veterans seeking weight reduction suggests that psychiatric nurses should be aware of this common comorbidity.

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Holman, John E., and Richard J. Caston. "Interorganizational Influences on Mental Health Diagnoses." Sociological Perspectives 30, no. 2 (April 1987): 180–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1388998.

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In this study, it is hypothesized that mental health diagnoses are influenced by power relations and value conflicts between community mental health centers and the organizations in their catchment areas. A case study of a community mental health center in a large western city provides evidence to confirm this hypothesis. However, these macro-level influences on the diagnostic process are found to be reduced substantially when clients possess other personal status resources.

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Brøndbo, Håkan, Børge Mathiassen, Monica Martinussen, Einar Heiervang, Mads Eriksen, and Siv Kvernmo. "Agreement on Web-based Diagnoses and Severity of Mental Health Problems in Norwegian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 8, no. 1 (March 22, 2012): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901208010016.

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Objective: This study examined the agreement between diagnoses and severity ratings assigned by clinicians using a structured web-based interview within a child and adolescent mental health outpatient setting. Method: Information on 100 youths was obtained from multiple informants through a web-based Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). Based on this information, four experienced clinicians independently diagnosed (according to the International Classification of Diseases Revision 10) and rated the severity of mental health problems according to the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) and the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS). Results: Agreement for diagnosis was κ=0.69-0.82. Intra-class correlation for single measures was 0.78 for HoNOSCA and 0.74 for C-GAS, and 0.93 and 0.92, respectively for average measures. Conclusions: Agreement was good to excellent for all diagnostic categories. Agreement for severity was moderate, but improved to substantial when the average of the ratings given by all clinicians was considered. Therefore, we conclude that experienced clinicians can assign reliable diagnoses and assess severity based on DAWBA data collected online.

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Schwartz, Robert, Jonathan Lent, and Jonathan Geihsler. "Gender and Diagnosis of Mental Disorders: Implications for Mental Health Counseling." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 33, no. 4 (September 29, 2011): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.33.4.914g2n123u771316.

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The DSM-IV-TR and epidemiological studies have documented disproportionate gender-related prevalence rates for various mental disorders. However, mental health counselors have largely been omitted from the research base. This study investigated whether gender-specific prevalence rates differ in terms of counselor diagnoses of certain mood, psychotic, adjustment, childhood, and substance-related disorders, and whether these diagnoses exhibit the same gender-related differences as those reported in the DSM-IV-TR and by researchers who are not counselors (N =1,583). Chi square analyses revealed that all disorders studied were disproportionately diagnosed at rates consistent with previously published gender-specific statistics. Clinical and research implications are discussed as they relate to mental health counseling.

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Druss, Benjamin G., Philip S. Wang, Nancy A. Sampson, Mark Olfson, Harold A. Pincus, Kenneth B. Wells, and Ronald C. Kessler. "Understanding Mental Health Treatment in Persons Without Mental Diagnoses." Archives of General Psychiatry 64, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1196.

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Campbell, Marjorie S., Kevin O’Gallagher, Derek J. Smolenski, Lindsay Stewart, Jean Otto, Bradley E. Belsher, and Daniel P. Evatt. "Longitudinal Relationship of Combat Exposure With Mental Health Diagnoses in the Military Health System." Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa301.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Combat deployment is associated with mental and physical health disorders and functional impairment. Mental health (MH) diagnoses such as adjustment and anxiety disorders have received little research attention but may reflect important postdeployment sequelae. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of combat exposure with the acquisition of a wide range of mental health diagnoses over 2 years. Materials and Methods This retrospective longitudinal study utilized multiple administrative Military Health System datasets compiled for all individuals who entered active duty in the U.S. Army from FY2005 to FY2011. A total eligible cohort of 289,922 Service members was stratified into three mutually exclusive groups according to their deployment status after 2 years in service: Deployed, Combat-Exposed; Deployed, Not-Combat-Exposed; and Not Deployed. Outcomes of interest were new mental health diagnoses grouped into six categories—posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, adjustment, mood, substance use disorders, and any MH diagnosis. Survival analyses over 2 years were conducted and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated. Results Combat exposure in the first 2 years of military service was associated with significantly higher rates of a wide range of mental health diagnoses over a two-year follow-up period, compared with deployment with no combat exposure and no deployment. Adjusted cumulative failure proportions demonstrated that approximately a third of the Combat-Exposed group, a quarter of the Not-Combat-Exposed, and a fifth of the Not Deployed groups received a MH diagnosis over 2 years. For all groups, cumulative failure proportions and incidence rates were highest for adjustment disorder and lowest for posttraumatic stress disorder diagnoses. Conclusions Researchers and providers should be alerted to the impact of combat exposure and the wide range of MH conditions and diagnoses that may represent important postdeployment sequelae.

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Devitt, N. "Miscoding of mental health diagnoses and stigmatization." Archives of Family Medicine 4, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 917a—917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.4.11.917a.

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Koka, Betty E., Frank P. Deane, and Gordon Lambert. "Health worker confidence in diagnosing and treating mental health problems in Papua New Guinea." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 15 (2004): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000146.

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Confidence in identifying different diagnostic categories of mental disorders by general health workers who provide the bulk of Papua New Guinea's (PNG) mental health care is vital for the country's provision of mental health care. Making a psychiatric diagnosis is complicated by PNG's diverse culture and estimated 800 distinct languages. These cultural-linguistic factors influence help-seeking behaviour and continued use of traditional treatment despite the introduction of western approaches to mental health care. The aim of this study was to determine the confidence of health workers in identifying and diagnosing different categories of mental health problems in this complex environment. A sample of 209 Papua New Guinea health workers from four geographic regions completed a questionnaire that assessed background levels of training and confidence in diagnosing a range of modern and culture specific diagnoses. Overall, respondents reported relatively little prior mental health training. Consistent with this were the relatively low levels of confidence for culture specific diagnoses (e.g. sorcery), but significantly higher levels of confidence with modern diagnoses (e.g. depression). The implications of the findings for training and provision of mental health care are discussed.

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Bickman, Leonard, Lynne G. Wighton, E. Warren Lambert, Marc S. Karver, and Lindsey Steding. "Problems in Using Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services Research." Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (October 2, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/jmm.v3i1.16110.

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This paper presents results from a three-part study on diagnosis of children with affective and behavior disorders. We examined the reliability, discriminant, and predictive validity of common diagnoses used in mental health services research using a research diagnostic interview. Results suggest four problems: a) some diagnoses demonstrate internal consistency only slightly better than symptoms chosen at random; b) diagnosis did not add appreciably to a brief global functioning screen in predicting service use; c) low inter-rater reliability among informants and clinicians for six of the most common diagnoses; and d) clinician diagnoses differed between sites in ways that reflect different reimbursement strategies. The study concludes that clinicians and researchers should not assume diagnosis is a useful measure of child and adolescent problems and outcomes until there is more evidence supporting the validity of diagnosis.DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v3i1_bickman

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Bickman, Leonard, Lynne G. Wighton, E. Warren Lambert, Marc S. Karver, and Lindsey Steding. "Problems in Using Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services Research." Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (October 2, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v3i1.16110.

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This paper presents results from a three-part study on diagnosis of children with affective and behavior disorders. We examined the reliability, discriminant, and predictive validity of common diagnoses used in mental health services research using a research diagnostic interview. Results suggest four problems: a) some diagnoses demonstrate internal consistency only slightly better than symptoms chosen at random; b) diagnosis did not add appreciably to a brief global functioning screen in predicting service use; c) low inter-rater reliability among informants and clinicians for six of the most common diagnoses; and d) clinician diagnoses differed between sites in ways that reflect different reimbursement strategies. The study concludes that clinicians and researchers should not assume diagnosis is a useful measure of child and adolescent problems and outcomes until there is more evidence supporting the validity of diagnosis.DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v3i1_bickman

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Owens, Jayanti. "Social Class, Diagnoses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Child Well-Being." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 61, no. 2 (May 22, 2020): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146520924810.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorder among U.S. children. Diagnosis can bring positives, like proper treatment, extra testing time, and social support, but may also trigger negatives, like stigmatization. Although rates of diagnosis are high across socioeconomic status (SES) groups, the balance of positive and negative consequences of diagnosis may differ by SES. In high-SES communities, mental health diagnoses are less stigmatized and parents have greater ability to connect children to support resources, suggesting greater positive effects of diagnosis for high-SES children. Alternatively, the greater academic pressure present in high-SES communities may amplify the negative effects of mental health stigma, suggesting larger negative diagnostic effects. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Cohort of 1998–1999, I found that diagnosed and medicated high-SES but not low-SES children exhibit significantly poorer future self-competence and teacher-rated school behaviors than undiagnosed matches. Findings suggest that diagnosis may not always be a net positive.

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Fitzpatrick, Scott J., Tonelle Handley, Nic Powell, Donna Read, Kerry J. Inder, David Perkins, and Bronwyn K. Brew. "Suicide in rural Australia: A retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 21, 2021): e0245271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245271.

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Background Suicide rates are higher in rural Australia than in major cities, although the factors contributing to this are not well understood. This study highlights trends in suicide and examines the prevalence of mental health problems and service utilisation of non-Indigenous Australians by geographic remoteness in rural Australia. Methods A retrospective study of National Coronial Information System data of intentional self-harm deaths in rural New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and Tasmania for 2010–2015 from the National Coronial Information System. Results There were 3163 closed cases of intentional self-harm deaths by non-Indigenous Australians for the period 2010–2015. The suicide rate of 12.7 deaths per 100,000 persons was 11% higher than the national Australian rate and increased with remoteness. Among people who died by suicide, up to 56% had a diagnosed mental illness, and a further 24% had undiagnosed symptoms. Reported diagnoses of mental illness decreased with remoteness, as did treatment for mental illness, particularly in men. The most reported diagnoses were mood disorders (70%), psychotic disorders (9%) and anxiety disorders (8%). In the six weeks before suicide, 22% of cases had visited any type of health service at least once, and 6% had visited two or more services. Medication alone accounted for 76% of all cases treated. Conclusions Higher suicide rates in rural areas, which increase with remoteness, may be attributable to decreasing diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, particularly in men. Less availability of mental health specialists coupled with socio-demographic factors within more remote areas may contribute to lower mental health diagnoses and treatment. Despite an emphasis on improving health-seeking and service accessibility in rural Australia, research is needed to determine factors related to the under-utilisation of services and treatment by specific groups vulnerable to death by suicide.

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Fletcher, Terri L., Ashley Helm, Viralkumar Vaghani, Mark E. Kunik, Melinda A. Stanley, and Hardeep Singh. "Identifying psychiatric diagnostic errors with the Safer Dx Instrument." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 32, no. 6 (July 2020): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa066.

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Abstract Objective Diagnostic errors in psychiatry are understudied partly because they are difficult to measure. The current study aimed to adapt and test the Safer Dx Instrument, a structured tool to review electronic health records (EHR) for errors in medical diagnoses, to evaluate errors in anxiety diagnoses to improve measurement of psychiatric diagnostic errors. Design The iterative adaptation process included a review of the revised Safer Dx-Mental Health Instrument by mental health providers to ensure content and face validity and review by a psychometrician to ensure methodologic validity and pilot testing of the revised instrument. Settings None. Participants Pilot testing was conducted on 128 records of patients diagnosed with anxiety in integrated primary care mental health clinics. Cases with anxiety diagnoses documented in progress notes but not included as a diagnosis for the encounter (n = 25) were excluded. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) None. Results Of 103 records meeting the inclusion criteria, 62 likely involved a diagnostic error (42 from use of unspecified anxiety diagnosis when a specific anxiety diagnosis was warranted; 20 from use of unspecified anxiety diagnosis when anxiety symptoms were either undocumented or documented but not severe enough to warrant diagnosis). Reviewer agreement on presence/absence of errors was 88% (κ = 0.71). Conclusion The revised Safer Dx-Mental Health Instrument has a high reliability for detecting anxiety-related diagnostic errors and deserves testing in additional psychiatric populations and clinical settings.

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Brown, Maria Teresa, and Douglas A. Wolf. "Estimating the Prevalence of Serious Mental Illness and Dementia Diagnoses Among Medicare Beneficiaries in the Health and Retirement Study." Research on Aging 40, no. 7 (August 31, 2017): 668–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027517728554.

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Objective: To estimate the prevalence of serious mental illness and dementia among Medicare beneficiaries in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Methods: This study utilizes HRS-linked Medicare claims data sets and inverse probability weighting to estimate overall and age-specific cumulative prevalence rates of dementia and serious mental illnesses among 18,740 Medicare beneficiaries. Two-way tabulations determine conditional probabilities of dementia diagnoses among beneficiaries diagnosed with specific mental illnesses, and binary logistic regressions determine conditional probabilities of dementia diagnoses among beneficiaries diagnosed with specific mental illnesses, controlling for covariates. Results: Weighted prevalence estimates for dementia, schizophrenia (SZP), bipolar disorder (BPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are similar to previous studies. Odds of dementia diagnosis are significantly greater for beneficiaries diagnosed with SZP, BPD, or MDD. Conclusions: Co-occurring mental disabilities require further investigation, as in the near future increasing numbers of mentally ill older adults will need appropriate and affordable community-based services and supports.

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Jones, L. Ralph, Lee W. Badger, Roland P. Ficken, James D. Leeper, and Russell L. Anderson. "Mental Health Training of Primary Care Physicians: An Outcome Study." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 18, no. 2 (June 1989): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jgyr-82l9-4tv0-qkwd.

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It is well documented that primary care physicians encounter many patients in then-practices who suffer psychiatric morbidity, especially affective, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. These physicians have been unable to effectively address the needs of these patients, over half of whom receive care exclusively in the primary care sector. Five years after implementing a curriculum to train family practice physicians to assume a comprehensive psychiatric role with patients in their practices, the authors undertook an outcome evaluation. The focus was on psychiatric disorder recognition, diagnosis, documentation, and management, including referral. It was hoped that biopsychosocial and community mental health orientations emphasized during training would be incorporated into the subsequent primary care practices of physicians in the study. In the research design, physician-generated diagnoses were compared with DIS/DSM-III diagnoses; physician interviews and chart audits enabled processes of care delivery to be evaluated. Unexpectedly, physicians were not found to assume an appropriately active or comprehensive mental health role in their practices following the training intervention. Of ninety-four DIS-generated diagnoses in the study population of fifty-one patients, 79 percent were unrecognized. Patients were assumed to function well emotionally, and psychiatric dimensions of patient complaints were not examined in the majority of cases. The physicians did diagnose and treat a number of patients with mental symptoms who were not identified by the DIS. These patients had high, but sub-diagnostic, DIS symptom counts. Most received a diagnosis of adjustment disorder in response to medical illness. Though this finding underscores shortcomings of present psychiatric nosology when applied in the general medical setting, the foremost consideration was the large number of DIS-identified patients with serious psychopathology, needing active assessment and intervention, who were unrecognized, undiagnosed or untreated. Implications of these findings for the psychiatric training of primary care physicians are examined.

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Bøsndbo, Per Håkan, Børge Mathiassen, Monica Martinussen, Bjørn Helge Håndegard, and Siv Kvernmo. "Agreement on diagnoses of mental health problems between an online clinical assignment and a routine clinical assignment." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 19, no. 2 (February 2013): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jtt.2012.120209.

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We examined the agreement between diagnoses assigned based on the Development and Well Being Assessment (DAWBA) information collected online, and ordinary day-to-day diagnostic assignment by Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) clinicians. Diagnoses were compared for 286 patients. Raw agreement for diagnostic categories was 74-90%, resulting in kappa values of 0.41-0.49. Multinomial regression models for ‘emotional diagnosis’ and ‘hyperkinetic/conduct diagnosis’ were significant ( P < 0.001). Age, gender and number of informants significantly contributed to the explanation of agreement and disagreement. Agreement on mental health diagnoses may be sufficient to replace routine clinical assignment of diagnoses with an online clinical assignment, thereby saving time and resources.

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Kirkby, Kenneth C., David A. Hay, Brett A. Daniels, Ivor H. Jones, and Bryan J. Mowry. "Comparison between Register and Structured Interview Diagnoses of Schizophrenia: A Case for Longitudinal Diagnostic Profiles." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 3 (June 1998): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809065535.

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Objective: Mental health registers contain diagnoses from serial contacts with mental health facilities over many years. This study examines the relationship between longitudinal diagnostic profiles and structured interview diagnoses. The aim is to improve the definition of diagnoses drawn from clinical case registers. Method: The Tasmanian Mental Health Case Register includes 1922 individuals, each with at least one diagnosis of schizophrenia between 1965 and 1990. A representative subsample of 29 individuals were assessed by the structured diagnostic interview for DSM-Ill-R (SCID). Diagnostic agreement between Register and SClD diagnoses was compared. Results: Twenty-four subjects (82.8%) received a lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia on the SCID. For each subject, ‘schizophrenia diagnostic dominance’, the percentage of register entries with schizophrenia diagnoses over total entries, was calculated. Agreement between register and SClD correlated positively with schizophrenia diagnostic dominance and negatively with register mood diagnoses. Conclusions: Longitudinal diagnostic profiles on databases may be superior to cross-sectional clinical diagnoses in predicting structured interview diagnoses, and may be useful in defining caseness in epidemiological studies using register diagnoses.

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Abracen, Jeffrey, Calvin M. Langton, Jan Looman, Alessandra Gallo, Meaghan Ferguson, Marsha Axford, and R. Dickey. "Mental Health Diagnoses and Recidivism in Paroled Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 58, no. 7 (May 2, 2013): 765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x13485930.

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Bringewatt, Elizabeth H. "Delivering Diagnoses: Parents as Translators and Withholders of Children’s Mental Health Diagnoses." Journal of Child and Family Studies 26, no. 7 (April 7, 2017): 1958–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0709-5.

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Mumbauer-Pisano, Jayna, and Sejal Mehta Barden. "Examining a Mental Health Literacy Intervention Among Economically Disadvantaged Youth." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 42, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.42.4.04.

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Although mental health problems in adolescence are increasingly common, 60% of diagnosed youth do not receive appropriate mental health treatment. This service gap is even wider among adolescents from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, who face increased mental health stigma and barriers to treatment. Mental health literacy is a pivotal step in addressing the discrepancy between rates of mental health diagnoses and of individuals treated. This study evaluates the influence of a 6-week mental health literacy intervention on economically disadvantaged adolescents’ mental health literacy, implemented by counselors-in-training. From pretest to posttest, adolescents’ mental health knowledge and attitudes toward help-seeking significantly increased, while mental health stigma significantly decreased. These changes were sustained at 1-month follow-up. The results highlight the importance of brief mental health literacy interventions to encourage healthy coping and help-seeking and to dispel stigmatizing beliefs.

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Lindhardt, Line, Morten Lindhardt, Ulrik Haahr, Lene Halling Hastrup, Erik Simonsen, and Julie Nordgaard. "S123. EARLY DETECTION OF PSYCHOSIS: DIAGNOSTIC TRAJECTORIES." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.189.

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Abstract Background Psychosis and signs of severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia often emerge in adolescence. Much attention has been devoted to identifying the individuals experiencing psychosis at an early stage. Implementation of early detection services is widely acknowledged as effective in reducing treatment delays. However, little is known about the diagnostic patterns of individuals entering an early detection service regardless of the initial psychopathological evaluation. The aim of the study is to investigate the diagnostic trajectories of individuals evaluated by an early detection of psychosis unit. Methods A real-life cross-sectional study coupling register data with information of diagnoses allocated by clinical evaluation in an early detection unit. All individuals clinically evaluated in the early detection unit from 2012 to 2015 were included. A Central Psychiatric Research Register was searched for lifetime allocated diagnoses. Register search allowed a minimum of one-year follow-up after evaluation. To determine the predictive ability of the early detection unit, diagnoses allocated by the initial clinical evaluation were compared to later diagnoses in psychiatric services. Results In total 450 individuals were clinically evaluated in the early detection unit during a period of 3 years. Previously 174 (39 %) patients had been in contact with mental healthcare services, and 28 (6.2%) had previously been diagnosed with psychosis. During follow-up, a diagnosis of psychosis was allocated in 146 (32.4%) of all evaluated individuals. In the clinical assessment by the early detection unit 107 (73.3 %) were diagnosed with psychosis. In total 39 (14.7%) were assessed false negative for psychosis by the early detection unit, they were later diagnosed with psychosis in mental healthcare services. The majority of psychosis diagnoses was allocated within one year after assessment in the early detection unit and half of individuals who were diagnosed with psychosis was re-diagnosed with schizophrenia (n=73). The hazard ratio of receiving a diagnosis of psychosis subsequently in mental healthcare services in individuals diagnosed with psychosis by the early detection unit was 4.73 (95 % CI: 3.01 – 7.44, p < 0.0001) compared to individuals not found psychotic by the early detection unit. Discussion That more than a third of the clinical evaluated has previously been help-seeking in mental healthcare system demonstrates a source of delay in treatment, suggesting that contact to other parts of mental healthcare services can delay detection of psychosis. Of the individuals not evaluated cases of psychosis 15 % later received a diagnose of psychosis. This suggests that an important subgroup of the help-seeking individuals undergoes transition to psychosis after contact or that detection of psychosis has not been possible by evaluation in the early detection unit. In conclusion, attention should be made to all individuals self-referred to an early detection unit, as diagnoses of psychosis is seen in the majority within the first year after contact. Also in individuals not initially suspected of psychosis.

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Stone, Louise, Elizabeth Waldron, and Heather Nowak. "Making a good mental health diagnosis: Science, art and ethics." Australian Journal of General Practice 49, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.31128/ajgp-08-20-5606.

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Background There are limitations to psychiatric classification, which affects the utility of diagnosis in general practice. Objective The aim of this article is to explore the principles of science, art and ethics to create clinically useful psychiatric diagnoses in general practice. Discussion Psychiatric classification systems provide useful constructs for clinical practice and research. Evidence-based treatments are based on the classification of mental illnesses. However, while classification is necessary, it is not sufficient to provide a full understanding of ‘what is going on’. A good psychiatric diagnosis will also include a formulation, which provides an understanding of the psychosocial factors that provide a context for illness. Experiences such as trauma and marginalisation will change the illness experience but also provide other forms of evidence that shape therapy. Diagnoses also carry ethical implications, including stigma and changes in self‑concept. The science, art and ethics of diagnosis need to be integrated to provide a complete assessment.

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Parker, Tassy, Philip A. May, Marcello A. Maviglia, Steven Petrakis, Scott Sunde, and Susan V. Gloyd. "PRIME-MD: Its Utility in Detecting Mental Disorders in American Indians." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 27, no. 2 (June 1997): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/c6fd-7qwb-kngr-m844.

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Objective: To examine the utility of using PRIME-MD (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders) for diagnosing mental disorders in American Indians. Method: One hundred randomly selected, adult, American-Indian patients who receive health care services at an urban Indian Health Service primary care clinic were evaluated for mental disorder by three primary care physicians using the PRIME-MD diagnostic assessment procedure. The main outcome measures were PRIME-MD diagnoses, diagnoses by an independent mental health professional, and treatment/referral decisions. Results: Eighteen percent of the patients had a threshold (met full DSM-IV criteria) PRIME-MD diagnosis, and an additional 17 percent had a subthreshold PRIME-MD diagnosis. The most frequently occurring PRIME-MD diagnoses were: probable alcohol abuse/dependence, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Over 60 percent of the patients with a PRIME-MD diagnosis who were known “somewhat” or “fairly well” to their physician had not been recognized as having that psychiatric disorder prior to the PRIME-MD assessment. Therapy and/or referral was initiated for nineteen of the twenty-seven patients with a PRIME-MD diagnosis who were not previously receiving treatment. The primary care physicians were able to complete the PRIME-MD evaluations within an average of 7.8 minutes. There was a fair agreement between the PRIME-MD diagnoses and the diagnoses of the mental health professional (kappa = 0.56; overall accuracy rate = 79%). Conclusions: The present study represents the first formal examination of the use of PRIME-MD with American Indians. The results are encouraging. Further studies using PRIME-MD with other urban groups and reservation populations are recommended.

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Burke, M. M., M. Griggs, E. M. Dykens, and R. M. Hodapp. "Defendants with intellectual disabilities and mental health diagnoses: faring in a mental health court." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 56, no. 3 (May 10, 2011): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01422.x.

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Narendorf, Sarah Carter, Matthew B. Cross, Diane Santa Maria, Paul R. Swank, and Patrick S. Bordnick. "Relations between mental health diagnoses, mental health treatment, and substance use in homeless youth." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 175 (June 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.028.

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Kajin, E. "Diagnoses among students, patients of psychiatric outpatient ambulatory in student health centre of ljubljana university." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1205.

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IntroductionHealth care for students in Slovenia was organized immediately after the WWII. It slowly developed and in late 1960's extended with specialist ambulatories, including psychiatric.ObjectivesSurvey of primary psychiatric diagnoses in one school year.MethodResearch of patient's primary psychiatric diagnoses of the school year 2015/2016.ResultsDuring 1.9.2015–31.8.2016, there were 1126 patients diagnosed in the age group younger than 29 years, while number of diagnoses was 90 (see Table 1).ConclusionsMost patients were diagnosed with one among anxiety disorders, followed by one of the mood [affective] disorders while the third most common diagnosis was one of schizophrenic spectre. The findings are at least approximately consistent with data elsewhere.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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Ben David, Vered. "Associations between Parental Mental Health and Child Maltreatment: The Importance of Family Characteristics." Social Sciences 10, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060190.

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The study expands the literature on parents’ mental health and risk of poor parenting by exploring the association between parental mental health diagnoses and types of child maltreatment among 522 parents who were adjudicated for child maltreatment by Israeli courts. The study was cross-sectional and used a manual for the content analysis of court cases. The results showed that 62% of the parents suffered from mental health problems, including emotional problems, personality disorders, mental illness or intellectual disability. Child neglect was associated with all types of mental health diagnoses for both the mothers and fathers. However, child abuse and specifically physical abuse were associated only with the mother’s mental health diagnoses. The mother’s mental illness and personality disorder predicted child neglect and the mother’s personality disorder predicted child abuse, after controlling for poverty, child’s intellectual disability and age. No mental health diagnosis of the father predicted child maltreatment. The study concluded that the effect of mental health condition is greater for mothers. A mother’s personality disorder and mental illness should raise a special concern. Screening for maternal mental health in every case involved in the child welfare system and implications of the findings for prevention of child maltreatment are discussed.

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Au-Yeung, Sheena K., Louise Bradley, Ashley E. Robertson, Rebecca Shaw, Simon Baron-Cohen, and Sarah Cassidy. "Experience of mental health diagnosis and perceived misdiagnosis in autistic, possibly autistic and non-autistic adults." Autism 23, no. 6 (December 14, 2018): 1508–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318818167.

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Previous research shows that autistic people have high levels of co-occurring mental health conditions. Yet, a number of case reports have revealed that mental health conditions are often misdiagnosed in autistic individuals. A total of 420 adults who identified as autistic, possibly autistic or non-autistic completed an online survey consisting of questions regarding mental health diagnoses they received, whether they agreed with those diagnoses and if not why. Autistic and possibly autistic participants were more likely to report receiving mental health diagnoses compared to non-autistic participants, but were less likely to agree with those diagnoses. Thematic analysis revealed the participants’ main reasons for disagreement were that (1) they felt their autism characteristics were being confused with mental health conditions by healthcare professionals and (2) they perceived their own mental health difficulties to be resultant of ASC. Participants attributed these to the clinical barriers they experienced, including healthcare professionals’ lack of autism awareness and lack of communication, which in turn prevented them from receiving appropriate support. This study highlights the need for autism awareness training for healthcare professionals and the need to develop tools and interventions to accurately diagnose and effectively treat mental health conditions in autistic individuals.

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Manso Bazús, C., J. Valdes Valdazo, E. Garcia Fernandez, L. T. Velilla Diez, J. Min Kim, C. Martinez Martinez, and M. Á. Heredero Sanz. "Most Common Diagnoses in First Consultations On Mental Health Centers." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1640.

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IntroductionIt often happens that primary care teams sends to specialized care any type of demand without discriminating on many times.ObjectiveStudy of diagnoses that get to the consultations.MethodologyRetrospective observational study with data gathered during 3 months of diagnosis carried out in the first consultations.ResultsThe study guides that there is much minor pathology in the first consultation.ConclusionsCurrently, attention on mental health is overcrowded because there is an excess of derivation from minor pathologies. So, an adequate coordination and communication with primary care could improve patients’ care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Blair, Robert G. "Mental health needs among Cambodian refugees in Utah." International Social Work 44, no. 2 (April 2001): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087280104400204.

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A total of 124 Cambodian refugees in Utah were interviewed about their mental health and demographic characteristics. Results indicate that 51 percent met the DSM-III-R criteria for major depression and 45 percent for a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Findings of other mental health diagnoses were less frequent. It was also found that in spite of high rates of psychopathology, utilization of health and mental health services was limited. A number of barriers prevented easy access to such services, particularly for those with PTSD.

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Carlson, Kathleen F., Tess A. Gilbert, Maya E. O'Neil, Tara L. Zaugg, Candice A. Manning, Christine Kaelin, Emily J. Thielman, Kelly M. Reavis, and James A. Henry. "Health Care Utilization and Mental Health Diagnoses Among Veterans With Tinnitus." American Journal of Audiology 28, no. 1S (April 22, 2019): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_aja-ttr17-18-0042.

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Csorba, János, Edit Szélesné Ferencz, Marianna Solymossy, Marianna Vados, Eszter Páli, and Edit Nagy. "Diagnoses and detailed behavioural characteristics of self-injurious adolescent outpatients." Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika 8, no. 2 (June 2007): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mental.8.2007.2.1.

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Longmuir, Patricia E., Margaret Sampson, Jennifer Ham, Makenzie Weekes, Bhavika J. Patel, and Robert M. Gow. "The mental health of adolescents and pre-adolescents living with inherited arrhythmia syndromes: a systematic review of the literature." Cardiology in the Young 28, no. 5 (January 18, 2018): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104795111700289x.

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AbstractPotentially fatal arrhythmias add to the mental health challenges of adolescence. This systematic review sought to summarise current knowledge regarding the mental health of adolescents and pre-adolescents diagnosed with inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Searches combining psychological problems with inherited cardiac arrhythmia diagnoses identified 16 studies with paediatric (<18 years) inherited arrhythmia patients. All studies were cross-sectional; 8/16 required an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Methods were quantitative (n=11), qualitative (n=4), or mixed (n=1), with 14–100% of participants having an inherited arrhythmia syndrome. Mean/median age in 13/16 studies was 12–16 years. Patients and parents reported lower quality of life, particularly in relation to physical function, social relationships, restriction of peer activities, bodily pain, and mental and emotional health. Self-perceptions and behaviour were similar to healthy populations. Rates of anxiety and depression (15–33% of these patients) were not increased in these studies where patients were assessed 2+ years after diagnosis. Higher mental health risk occurred among patients who have a diagnosed sibling, those with cardiomyopathy, and those who report decreased quality of life. Mental health research among youth with inherited arrhythmias is extremely limited and of low quality. Data, primarily from patients 2–4 years after diagnosis or treatment with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, indicate that quality of life may be decreased and 15–33% experience mental health issues. Future research is required to examine the mental health and quality of life of paediatric patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes, whether or not they have an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, from time of diagnosis.

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Galvin, Claire, Astrid De Souza, Jim Potts, Penny Sneddon, Shubhayan Sanatani, and Kathryn Armstrong. "91 Mental Health Burden of Adolescents with Dysautonomia." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, Supplement_2 (August 2020): e37-e38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa068.090.

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Abstract Background Dysautonomia of Adolescence (DAOA) results from a dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system during puberty and affects multiple organ systems in the body. Symptoms have a significant impact on quality of life (QoL) with many adolescents reporting a poorer QoL compared to other pediatric chronic illness populations. Furthermore, there is a paucity of research looking at underlying mental health conditions in patients with DAOA that might be contributing to poor QoL. Objectives The aim of this review was to characterize the underlying mental health status of patients with DAOA followed in a tertiary care DAOA Clinic. Design/Methods Single-centre retrospective chart review (January 2017-November 2019) of all current patients followed in a tertiary care DAOA Clinic. Mental health challenges were classified as significant symptoms reported and/or formal diagnosis of anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders, somatization, mood disorders, suicidal ideation, and self-harm. Frequency tables were generated for all categorical variables. Results Seventy-three patients are currently being followed in the DAOA clinic. Fifty-five of 73 (75%) had some form of mental health challenge including 11 (15%) which had a history of suicidal ideation and/or self-harm, 12 (17%) had no mental health concerns, and 6 (8%) are unknown. Of the 55 patients with a mental health challenge, 27 (49%) were diagnosed with a mental health condition prior to formal DAOA diagnosis and 10 (18%) were diagnosed after DAOA diagnosis. Eighteen (14%) reported symptoms of a mental health challenge but no confirmed mental health diagnosis. A breakdown of mental health symptoms and diagnoses are shown in Table 1. Of the 73 current patients, 41 (56%) accessed psychology services either through the DAOA Clinic or in the community, 9 (12%) have been referred to other health care services, and 8 (11%) did not access services. Psychiatric services were required by 15 patients (21%). Conclusion Three-quarters of DAOA patients report some mental health challenges. This emphasizes the need for psychology to support patients with DAOA. It is unclear as to whether a mental health challenge exacerbates symptoms of DAOA or DAOA symptoms negatively impact their mental health.

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Ferrara, R., and M. Esposito. "Underestimation of autism spectrum disorders according to DSM-5 criteria: A pilot study." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S459—S460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.504.

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IntroductionRecent studies on autism concern the number of individuals diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) according to DSM-IV-TR who may no longer qualify for diagnoses under the new DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is diagnosed using the impairments in two dimensions:– the social and communication dimension;– the restricted and repetitive interests and behaviors (RRIB) dimension whereas PDD is diagnosed using impairments in three dimensions.All the studies indicate between 50 and 75% of individuals will maintain diagnoses.ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to quantify how many individuals with previous PDD diagnoses under DSM-IV-TR criteria would maintain a diagnosis of ASD under DSM-5 criteria.MethodsOur sample consists of 23 cases (21 males, 2 female) related to the treatment Centre “Una breccia nel muro” of Rome and Salerno. All the cases previous received a PDD diagnose according to DSM-IV TR criteria. The mean age of cases was 7.7 years. All the cases were diagnosed by our team according to DSM-5 criteria, clinicians also used to make diagnoses: the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2, the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised.ResultsEighty-seven percent of cases with PDD were classified as ASD using DSM-5 criteria. Thirteen percent of cases, that previous received an Asperger diagnose, did not meet the ASD criteria (Fig. 1).ConclusionsDSM-5 criteria may easily exclude cases with high functioning from ASD because they tend to be atypical for ASD according to this study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Mwamukonda, Kuwong B., Jeremy C. Kelley, Doug S. Cho, and Anna Smitherman. "Relationship between chronic testicular pain and mental health diagnoses." Translational Andrology and Urology 8, S1 (March 2019): S38—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tau.2019.02.05.

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Garcia, Shawn M. S., Brian V. Ortman, and Daniel G. Burnett. "Mental Health Diagnoses and Attrition in Air Force Recruits." Military Medicine 180, no. 4 (April 2015): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-14-00311.

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MECHCATIE, ELIZABETH. "Age, Gender Affect Mental Health Diagnoses in Recent Vets." Internal Medicine News 44, no. 3 (February 2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(11)70133-0.

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Felt, B. T., J. L. Rushton, and M. W. Roberts. "Alternate Diagnoses for Pediatric Behavioral and Mental Health Conditions." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 22, no. 5 (October 2001): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200110000-00046.

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Pearson, Christopher C. "The diagnostic validity of mental health diagnoses in children." Medical Journal of Australia 206, no. 2 (February 2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja16.01265.

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Jones, Lynne, Alban Rrustemi, Mimoza Shahini, and Aferdita Uka. "Mental health services for war-affected children." British Journal of Psychiatry 183, no. 06 (December 2003): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.183.6.540.

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Background In war-affected societies it is assumed that the major mental health problem facing the population will be stress reactions. Aims To describe the creation of a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) in Kosovo after the military conflict ended in 1999, and to establish the range of problems and diagnoses that presented. Method Data were collected on 559 patients over 2 years, including their referring problems and diagnoses. Results Stress-related disorders constituted only a fifth of the case-load in year 1. A substantial number of patients were symptom-free but attended because they had been exposed to atraumatic event, and believed it might make them ill. Non-organic enuresis and learning disability were the most common diagnoses in year 2. Many patients had a complex mix of social and psychological difficulties that did not fit conventional diagnostic categories. Conclusions Mental health services that only address traumatic stress may fail to meet the needs of war-affected children. A comprehensive, culturally appropriate CAMHS is needed to address a wide range of problems including learning disability. It should be developed through local actors, and build on existing local infrastructure. Services can also have an educational role in ‘depathologising’ normative responses.

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Reider, Jacob M. "CPT Coding for Mental Illness Diagnoses." Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 06, no. 06 (December 15, 2004): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/pcc.v06n0611b.

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Sellman, J. Douglas, Alexander R. Wootton, David B. Stoner, Daryle E. Deering, and Brian J. Craig. "Increasing Diagnosis of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescent Mental Health Patients." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 6 (December 1999): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00619.x.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the routine recording patterns of patients' smoking by clinical staff of an adolescent mental health service over a 3-year period. Method: A systematic examination of the clinical files of all patients who underwent an initial assessment or reassessment at the Youth Specialty Service (Mental Health; YSS) over a 2-month period (1 April-31 May) was carried out in 1996, 1997 and 1998. A range of data were collected including: demographics; diagnoses; amount of total information recorded and history of nicotine dependence. Results: A stable historical record of cigarette smoking in the region of 30–40% across the 3 years sampled was found, but the rate of formal diagnosis of nicotine dependence rose from 3.6% in 1996 to 26.3% in 1998. This rise was in the context of relative stability over this time period of: size of reports and relevant sections (alcohol and drug history, cigarette smoking history); three other key diagnoses, major depression, conduct disorder and alcohol dependence; and demographic data. The rise in rate of diagnosis proceeded specific discussion within the clinical team about nicotine dependence. Conclusions: Adolescent mental health settings are a key venue to address heavy and potentially chronic cigarette smoking, but nicotine dependence has been traditionally a neglected diagnosis in mental health patients. The rate of diagnosis is likely to rise when specific discussion is undertaken within clinical teams.

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Boxell, Oliver. "Social context affects mental health stigma." Open Health 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openhe-2020-0003.

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AbstractPrior research shows mental health stigma is context-dependent and blocks help-seeking behaviors. Any applied solutions will require basic research to understand these contextual nuances. The present paper presents two timed Likert-type rating studies in which participants scored photographs of individuals with mental health diagnoses and other control condition labels in different social contexts. In the first study (N = 99), participants rated the individuals in a professional context and in a non-professional context. The second study (N = 99) systematically manipulated the attractiveness of the individuals depicted. Professional context moderated mental health stigma, indicating that, relative to control label conditions, participants were less accepting of an individual with a mental health diagnosis label as a medical clinician than as a next-door neighbor. Attractiveness had a uniform effect across all the label conditions, which produced a compounding additive effect in which a mental health diagnosis and low attractiveness negatively impacted the ratings simultaneously. The study used timed implicit judgments to demonstrate empirically how previously unstudied social contexts can affect mental health stigma. Understanding how such contextual effects affect stigma is a prerequisite for the development of interventions to overcome the barriers stigma creates for access to treatment and prevention.

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Pates, Richard Martin, and Kristian Hooper. "Drug use and mental health in a Secure Children’s Home." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 10, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-09-2016-0016.

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Purpose Secure Children’s Homes are safe environments where many of the most troubled children in British society are resident. These children are from either a criminal background or referred for protection of themselves and others from harm. There is often a history of drug use and diagnoses of mental health problems before admission. The purpose of this paper is to examine one Secure Children’s Home to determine the level of drug use prior to admission compared to surveys of children not in this environment and to examine the veracity of the mental health diagnoses. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a retrospective examination of case notes for admissions from 2014 to 2015. Findings The study found much higher levels of drug use than in the general population at similar age and a wide diagnosis of mental health problems prior to admission. Research limitations/implications Levels of harm from traumatic childhood events need to be recognised by referrers as maybe leading to attachment disorders and not mental health problems. More research is needed into the outcomes form Secure Children’s Homes in the long term. Practical implications The children in these homes do have as anticipated much higher levels of drug use than in the general population and high levels of mental health diagnoses which are not always borne out during their admission to the children’s home. Originality/value This is an examination of a special population of young people indicating high levels of drug use and mental health problems.

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Collins, Ann, and Antonio Muñoz-Solomando. "The transition from child and adolescent to adult mental health services with a focus on diagnosis progression." BJPsych Bulletin 42, no. 5 (June 21, 2018): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2018.39.

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Aims and methodThis article examines mental health disorders as individuals transition from adolescence to adulthood. Data were collected from clinical records of patients who had transitioned from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services in a region in South Wales. Demographics and clinical diagnoses under both services were recorded. Patterns between adolescent and adult disorders as well as comorbidities were investigated using Pearson's χ2-test and Fisher's exact test.ResultsOf the 98 patients that transitioned from one service to the other, 74 had changes to their diagnoses. There were 164 total changes to diagnoses, with patients no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for 64 disorders and 100 new disorders being diagnosed. Comorbidity increased in adulthood.Clinical implicationsDiagnoses can evolve, particularly during adolescence and early adulthood. Therefore regular reassessment is paramount for successful treatment.Declaration of interestNone.

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Temple, Valerie K., Jocelynn L. Cook, Kathy Unsworth, Hasu Rajani, and Mansfield Mela. "Mental Health and Affect Regulation Impairment in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Results from the Canadian National FASD Database." Alcohol and Alcoholism 54, no. 5 (January 9, 2019): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agz049.

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AbstractAimsIndividuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) frequently have challenges with regulating emotional arousal, or affect regulation (AR), and experience high rates of mental health disorders. This study examined children and adults with FASD to investigate the relationship between AR impairment and several mental health problems and diagnoses.MethodsData from the Canadian national FASD database was used for analysis. Seven mental health diagnoses, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, conduct disorder, attachment disorder, intellectual disability, and language disorder were examined. A history of suicidality was also examined. The prevalence of these mental health problems in individuals with and without AR impairment was compared.ResultsIndividuals with FASD and AR impairment were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with conduct disorder (OR 4.8), attachment disorder (OR 6.1), or post-traumatic stress disorder (OR 8.1) when compared to those without AR impairment. They were also more likely to have a history of suicidality (OR 8.6). AR impairment was most commonly found in those with greater overall neurodevelopmental impairment. Having AR impairment was associated with receiving a diagnosis of FASD at a later age, but was not related to gender, intellectual disability, or language disorder.ConclusionAR impairment is strongly related to several mental health diagnoses in those with FASD and presents some promising possibilities for targeted early intervention.

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Johnson, Emily, David Mellor, and Peter Brann. "Factors Associated with Dropout and Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 5 (January 1, 2009): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670902817687.

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Objective: Dropout from child and adolescent mental health services has ramifications for children, families and the services themselves. Understanding the factors that are associated with dropout for different diagnoses has the potential to assist with tailoring of services to reduce dropout. The aim of the current study was to identify such factors. Method: A file audit was conducted for all referrals to a child and adolescent mental health service over a 12 month period, yielding 520 subjects for analysis (264 male, 256 female, mean age = 12.6 years). Parent, child and service variables of interest were recorded as were diagnoses, which were categorized into 25 superordinate categories. Results: Almost 50% of subjects dropped out of treatment. Factors associated with dropout varied across diagnosis, and no factor was associated with dropout for all diagnoses. Conclusion: There are differences in the factors that were associated with dropout for different disorders. This is a useful finding in terms of understanding and preventing dropout in child and adolescent mental health settings, but more research is needed.

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O'Donnell, Melissa, Miriam J. Maclean, Scott Sims, Vera A. Morgan, Helen Leonard, and Fiona J. Stanley. "Maternal mental health and risk of child protection involvement: mental health diagnoses associated with increased risk." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 69, no. 12 (July 16, 2015): 1175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-205240.

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Mehta, Gaurav, Brian Lo, Amir Garshasb, and Janet Jeffrey. "Diabetes and Mental Health: Exploring the Effects of Diabetes Diagnoses in Patients with Mental Health Conditions." Canadian Journal of Diabetes 41, no. 5 (October 2017): S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.08.229.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mental health diagnoses'

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