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1

Eaton, Julian, and Ahamefula O. Agomoh. "Developing mental health services in Nigeria." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 43, no. 7 (February 20, 2008): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0321-5.

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2

Adeosun, Oluyemi Theophilus, and Omolara Morounkeji Faboya. "Health care expenditure and child mortality in Nigeria." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 33, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-10-2019-0172.

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PurposeHealth improves the proficiency and output generated by individuals. It also raises physical as well as mental abilities, which are required for the growth and advancement of any economy. Many infant diseases have been recognised via contemporary technology in a bid to tackle these diseases. However, children within the African continent (Including Nigeria) die en masse from diseases. This has made the government of Nigeria allocate sizeable part of the nation's budget to healthcare system. The allocation to health is, however, yet to translate to improved health condition for Nigerians. It does not measure up to the World Health Organization's (WHO) standards for apportioning budget to the health sector. This study also analyses empirically the impact of healthcare expenses on the mortality level of infants as well as Nigeria's neonatal mortality level.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focuses on Nigeria. Vector auto regression model techniques, unit root tests and cointegration test were carried out using time series date for the period between 1986 and 2016.FindingsThe outcome has revealed that expenditure on healthcare possesses a negative correlation with the mortality of infants and neonates. The study discovers that if the Nigerian government raises and maintains health expenditure specifically on activities focused on minimising infant mortality, it will translate to reduction in infant mortality in Nigeria.Originality/valueThis paper has contributed exhaustively to solution to poor expenditure on healthcare, especially child mortality, in Nigeria.
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Olugbile, Olufemi, M. P. Zachariah, O. Coker, O. Kuyinu, and B. Isichei. "Provision of mental health services in Nigeria." International Psychiatry 5, no. 2 (April 2008): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005555.

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Nigeria, like other African countries, is short of personnel trained in mental healthcare. Efforts to tackle the problem have often focused on increasing the numbers of psychiatrists and nurses in the field. These efforts, over the past 20 years, have not appeared to have greatly improved service delivery at the grass roots. Most of the specialist centres where such highly trained personnel work are in urban areas and for a large part of the population access to them is limited by distance and cost.
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4

Jidong, Dung Ezekiel, Nusrat Husain, Tarela J. Ike, Maisha Murshed, Juliet Y. Pwajok, Ayesha Roche, Haruna Karick, et al. "Maternal mental health and child well-being in Nigeria: A systematic review." Health Psychology Open 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 205510292110121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20551029211012199.

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Maternal mental health distress has a disease burden of severe adverse effects for both mother and child. This review identified maternal mental health concerns, their impact on child growth and the current practice of maternal healthcare for both mothers and their children in Nigeria. The Population, phenomenon of Interest and Context (PICo) model was adopted to formulate the review strategy, and five databases were searched for published articles between 1999 and 2019. Databases include Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts and Web of Science. Boolean operators (AND/OR/NOT) helped to ensure rigorous use of search terms which include ‘maternal’, ‘pre/peri/postnatal’, ‘mental health’, ‘mental illness’, ‘disorders’, ‘intervention,’ ‘Nigeria’, ‘child’, ‘infant growth’, and ‘wellbeing’. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, and extracted data were qualitatively synthesised and analysed thematically. Five themes emerged. These include (i) marital difficulties, (ii) relationship status of the mother, (iii) child’s gender, (iv) mode of child delivery and (v) child growth and development. The review showed a significant paucity of literature on the impact of specific maternal mental health problems on child physical growth and cognitive development. We concluded that culturally appropriate and evidence-based psychological interventions for maternal mental health problems would benefit Nigerian indigenous mothers. Therefore, the study recommends randomised controlled trials that are culturally appropriate and cost-effective for distressed mothers with children.
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Ayonrinde, Oyedeji, Oye Gureje, and Rahmaan Lawal. "Psychiatric research in Nigeria: Bridging tradition and modernisation." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 6 (June 2004): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.6.536.

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Nigeria is a large West African country, more than 900 000 km2 in area–nearly four times the size of the UK. Despite having a population of about 117 million people, 42% of whom live in cities, Nigeria has about half the population density of the UK. About a sixth of all Africans are Nigerian. The country has a diverse ethnic mix, with over 200 spoken languages, of which three (Yoruba, Hausa and Ibo) are spoken by about 60% of the population. The official language of government and educational instruction is English. There is a federal system of government and 36 states. Religious practice has a major role in Nigeria's culture; of the two main religions, Islam predominates in the northern part of the country and Christianity in the south. A large proportion of the population still embraces traditional religions exclusively, or interwoven with either Islam or Christianity.
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Wada, Yusuf Hassan, Linu Rajwani, Emmanuel Anyam, Evelyn Karikari, Mitchelle Njikizana, Lilian Srour, and Garba M. Khalid. "Mental health in Nigeria: A Neglected issue in Public Health." Public Health in Practice 2 (November 2021): 100166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100166.

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7

Ogunlesi, A. O., and M. L. Adelekan. "Nigerian primary health care workers: a pilot survey on attitude to mental health." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 12, no. 10 (October 1988): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.12.10.441.

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The history of health services in Nigeria shows that the earliest services were provided for sailors and slaves. Later, government services were introduced mainly to cater for European civil servants and military personnel. Since the introduction of these rudimentary services, the health services in Nigeria have undergone a series of developmental epochs.
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8

Skuse, David. "Mental health services in sub-Saharan Africa." International Psychiatry 5, no. 2 (April 2008): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s174936760000552x.

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Within the continent of Africa, mental health services are relatively undeveloped. In the sub-Saharan countries of Malawi, Kenya and Nigeria, similar problems are faced by dedicated psychiatrists who are struggling to create and sustain an educational, management and political structure for psychiatry.
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9

Jidong, Dung Ezekiel, Nusrat Husain, Christopher Francis, Maisha Murshed, Ayesha Roche, Tarela J. Ike, Haruna Karick, et al. "Mental health experiences of mothers in Jos, Nigeria: An interpretative phenomenological analysis." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212097071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120970714.

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Objectives: There is an increasing mental health disease burden in mothers with infants and young children, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. Children of distressed mothers suffer early-life exposure from the effects of maternal distress which contributes to the risk of physical and mental health problems in their childhood and beyond. This study explored mental health lived experiences of mothers in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: Purposive and Snowball sampling techniques were adopted, and a total of 40 mothers participated with 8 to 11 participants in one of the four focus group discussions. Participants were between the ages of 18 and 43 years, self-identified as mothers with each having a child between the ages of 3 and 48 months. Each focus group lasted approximately 60 minutes and was audio-recorded. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Three overarching themes emerged from the data set such as (1) experience of persisting psychological distress from the time of labour/birth; (2) cultural practices that influence feelings; and (3) anxiety due to limited knowledge about childcare, access to support and healthy food. Conclusion: Maternal mental health in Nigeria is under-researched and distressed mothers have limited knowledge about evidence-based early child development. The study recommends developing and testing culturally appropriate parenting interventions in Jos, Nigeria. This is likely to be beneficial for the mother and may also improve child health outcomes.
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Jidong, Dung Ezekiel, Di Bailey, Tholene Sodi, Linda Gibson, Natéwindé Sawadogo, Deborah Ikhile, David Musoke, Munyaradzi Madhombiro, and Marcellus Mbah. "Nigerian cultural beliefs about mental health conditions and traditional healing: a qualitative study." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 16, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-08-2020-0057.

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Purpose This study aims to explore how cultural beliefs and traditions are integral to understanding indigenous mental health conditions (MHCs) and traditional healing (TH). However, Nigerian cultural beliefs about MHCs and TH are under-researched. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a qualitative design using critical realist and social constructionist perspectives to explore Nigerian mental health-care practitioners (MHCPs) and lay participants’ (LPs) views regarding MHCs and TH. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select 53 participants (MHCPs = 26; LPs = 27; male = 32; female = 21) in four Nigerian cities (Ado-Ekiti, Enugu, Jos and Zaria). Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed through thematic analyses. Findings The data sets revealed three overarching themes, namely, existing cultural beliefs about MHCs as spiritual curse; description of TH as the first treatment modality for MHCs; and perceived stigma associated with MHCs and help-seeking behaviours. Originality/value A study on Nigerian cultural beliefs and TH contributes meaningfully to mental health systems. Future research and policy initiatives could explore ways of optimising TH practices and community awareness programmes to increase access to mental health care in Nigeria.
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Thylstrup, Birgitte, Kim Bloomfield, and Abdu K. Seid. "Alcohol consumption, mental health status, and treatment in Nigeria and Uganda." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 7, no. 1 (May 24, 2018): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.247.

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Background: The current level of alcohol consumption has placed Nigeria and Uganda in the group of high consumption countries, however little is known about how people with problematic alcohol use and related problems utilize treatment services. Aims: This study examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and mental health status in Nigeria and Uganda, and the relationship between heavy episodic drinking and treatment-seeking and treatment-receiving behavior. Data and methods: Analyses were based on cross-sectional survey data from Nigeria (N= 2018) and Uganda (N=1478) aged > 18 years from the 2003 Gender, Alcohol, and Culture: An International Study (GENACIS). Results: In both countries, the level of alcohol consumption was comparatively high, however, associations between drinking status and mental health problems were found only in Nigeria. Heavy episodic drinkers were more likely to report having sought help in both countries, only in Nigeria was it also related to ever receiving help. Conclusion: National strategies in both countries must continue allocation of resources to treatment services, supporting treatment availability and early identification of alcohol and related mental health problems. Implementation of national alcohol policies should be followed up with assessment and adjustments.
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Oluwatayo, Olufemi, Olufemi Olugbile, and Ayodele Coker. "Addressing the mental health needs of a rapidly growing megacity: the new Lagos Mental Health Initiative." International Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (February 2014): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600004240.

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The Lagos State Government of Nigeria recently launched its Mental Health Policy and Work Plan aimed at addressing the mental health needs of Lagos, one of the world's fastest-growing megacities, and its nearby communities. This paper discusses the contextual basis of this initiative, its components and the challenges faced so far. It argues that urban centres deserve attention in the current push towards investing in mental health services in low- and middle-income countries.
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Larsen, Jens I., Ulla A. Andersen, Thomas Becker, Graziella G. Bickel, Bernhard Bork, Joachim Cordes, Karel Frasch, et al. "Cultural diversity in physical diseases among patients with mental illnesses." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 47, no. 3 (October 16, 2012): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867412463614.

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Objective: People with psychiatric diseases have a severely increased risk for physical morbidity and premature death from physical diseases. The aims of the study were to investigate the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes (DM) and obesity in schizophrenia and depression in three different geographical areas – Asia (Japan), Africa (Nigeria) and Western Europe (Switzerland, Germany and Denmark) – and to search for possible transcultural differences in these correlations, which would also reflect the differences between low-income areas in Africa (Nigeria) and high-income areas in Europe and Japan. Method: Patients with International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) F2 diseases (schizophrenia spectrum disorders) and F3 diseases (affective disorders) admitted to one Nigerian, one Japanese, two Swiss, two German and six Danish centres during 1 year were included. Physical diseases in accordance with ICD-10 were also registered. Psychiatric and physical comorbidity were calculated and standardized rate ratio incidences of background populations were our primary measures. Results: Incidence rate ratios were increased for both CVD, DM and overweight in both F2 and F3 in all cultures (Western Europe, Nigeria and Japan) within the same ranges (however, the Japanese results should be interpreted conservatively owing to the limited sample size). Overweight among the mentally ill were marked in Nigeria. A parallelism of the incidence of overweight, CVD and diabetes with the occurrence in background populations was seen and was most marked in overweight. Conclusions: Overweight, CVD and DM were increased in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and affective disorders in all three cultures investigated (Western Europe, Nigeria and Japan). Lifestyle diseases were also seen in Nigeria and Japan. The results from this study indicate that cultural background might be seen as an important factor in dealing with lifestyle diseases among people with a severe mental illness, as it is in the general population.
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Ukpong, Dominic Ignatius, Olugbenga Owoeye, Owoidoho Udofia, Festus Abasiubong, and Sunday Ukpong. "Violence against mental health staff: a survey in a Nigerian psychiatric hospital." Psychiatrist 35, no. 2 (February 2011): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.030098.

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Aims and methodA survey was conducted to investigate physical assaults against mental health staff of a Nigerian psychiatric hospital in a 12-month period and also during their working career in the hospital retrospectively using a questionnaire method.ResultsIn total, 101 out of 120 questionnaires were completed (response rate 84.2%). Within the period of their employment in the hospital 49.5% of staff had been physically assaulted at least once, and over the previous 12 months 33.7% had been physically assaulted. Nursing staff (82.3%) were more frequently assaulted than doctors, most often during routine assessment of patients (44.3%). In total, 88% of staff sustained injuries requiring medical attention. Vulnerability to assaults was not associated with attending a course on prevention and management of psychiatric patient violence.Clinical implicationsAssaults by patients against mental health staff, especially nurses, are quite widespread in Nigeria. There is a need to formulate policies on prevention and management of violence in people with mental disorders in Nigerian psychiatric hospitals.
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Suleiman, DaudaEneyamire. "Mental health disorders in Nigeria: A highly neglected disease." Annals of Nigerian Medicine 10, no. 2 (2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.206214.

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16

Anozie, Okechukwu B., Johnbosco I. Nwafor, Ephraim I. Nwokporo, Chidi U. Esike, Richard L. Ewah, Justus N. Eze, Benedict N. Azuogu, and Chukwuemeka I. Ukaegbe. "Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in Ebonyi State, Southeast, Nigeria." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, no. 09 (September 15, 2020): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i09/955.

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Background: Globally, mental health issues have become one of the predominant public health concerns as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of frontline healthcare workers has not been fully described in Nigeria. Aim: To determine the mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors among frontline healthcare workers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This was an online cross-sectional study conducted among 315 frontline healthcare workers treating COVID-19 patients at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The mental health outcome of the participants was assessed using the short form of the Mental Health Continuum (MHC-SF). Results: The prevalence of mental health outcome for different categories was 47% (n = 148) for flourishing, 28.3% (n = 89) for moderate and 24.7% (n = 78) for languishing mental health. The predictors of languishing mental health outcome were being married (OR = 3.12, 95%CI 1.67 - 4.09, p = 0.035), a physician (OR = 4.09, 95%CI 1.98 - 5.61, p = 0.002), a nurse (OR = 2.21, 95%CI 0.05 - 0.24, p < 0.001), limited access to personal protective equipment (OR = 3.25, 95%CI 1.62 - 6.22, p = 0.043) and self-isolation and quarantine due to SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 3.03, 95%CI 0.02 - 0.95, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Nigeria’s frontline healthcare workers, especially physicians and nurses, are experiencing COVID-19 related psychological distress. There is need to develop and implement interventions to reduce the impact of prolonged psychological distress on long-term mental wellbeing in healthcare workers treating COVID-19 patients.
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Obayi, N. Okwudili K., Festus Asogwa, and Nwachukwu Ugwunna. "Universal Health Coverage and Healthy Living in South-East Nigeria: How Far with Mental Health?" Open Journal of Psychiatry 07, no. 03 (2017): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpsych.2017.73018.

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Ogunlesi, Adegboyega O., and Adegboyega Ogunwale. "Mental health legislation in Nigeria: current leanings and future yearnings." International Psychiatry 9, no. 3 (August 2012): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600003234.

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Nigeria's current mental health legislation stems from a lunacy ordinance enacted in 1916 that assumed the status of a law in 1958. The most recent attempt to reform the law was with an unsuccessful Mental Health Bill in 2003. Currently, though, efforts are being made to represent it as an executive Bill sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Health. The present paper reviews this Bill, in particular in light of the World Health Organization's recommendations on mental health legislation.
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Ogunlesi, Adegboyega O., and Adegboyega Ogunwale. "Mental health legislation in Nigeria: current leanings and future yearnings." International Psychiatry 9, no. 3 (August 2012): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1749367600003234.

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Nigeria's current mental health legislation stems from a lunacy ordinance enacted in 1916 that assumed the status of a law in 1958. The most recent attempt to reform the law was with an unsuccessful Mental Health Bill in 2003. Currently, though, efforts are being made to represent it as an executive Bill sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Health. The present paper reviews this Bill, in particular in light of the World Health Organization's recommendations on mental health legislation.
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Anosike, Chibueze, Nneka Uchenna Igboeli, Chinwe Victoria Ukwe, and Chinyere Victoria Okani. "Comparative survey of beliefs about mental illness among pharmacy and non-pharmacy students of a Nigerian university." Mental Health and Social Inclusion 23, no. 3 (August 2, 2019): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhsi-02-2019-0007.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to assess and compare beliefs about mental illness among pharmacy and non-pharmacy students and to explore its associated factors. Design/methodology/approach This research was a cross-sectional survey conducted among undergraduate pharmacy and non-pharmacy students of a Nigerian university. The selected participants completed the Belief toward Mental Illness questionnaires after usual class lectures. Descriptive statistics, χ2 test, and t-test were used for data analysis. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Findings Overall, pharmacy and non-pharmacy undergraduate students demonstrated negative beliefs about mental illness. There were no substantial differences in beliefs about mental illness among both groups of students. Students’ class, age, visit to a mental hospital and personal experience of mental disorder were significantly associated with beliefs about mental illness. Research limitations/implications The generalization of the study findings to other schools of pharmacy in Nigeria is uncertain because this study used convenience sampling technique and was conducted in a single public university. However, the study provides relevant educational opportunities to guide policy makers and university administrators on mental health literacy. Therefore, educational interventions addressing observed gaps in students’ opinions regarding mental illness are recommended. Originality/value There appears to be little or no data on the beliefs of undergraduate pharmacy trainees about mental disorders in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Ogunlesi, A. O. "Psychogeriatrics in Nigeria." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 10 (October 1989): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.10.548.

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This century has been characterised by a substantial increase in the number of elderly residents in the community in the technologically advanced countries. One obvious consequence of this has been a pressure on existing mental and socio physical facilities that cater for the elderly. The medico-social factors responsible for this rise in the proportion of the elderly in advanced countries are subtly creeping into many developing countries like Nigeria (Lambo, 1966). It is with this perspective in view, coupled with the dearth of literature on psychogeriatrics in developing countries, that I decided to review the socio-demographic and clinical aspects of elderly (60 years and above) admissions to the Nigerian National Neuropsychiatric Hospital and WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health over a five year period (1 January 1982 to 31 December 1986). An attempt will also be made to draw comparisons with my experience of psychogeriatrics in the United Kingdom (I trained in psychiatry at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital in the early 1980s).
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Hur, Yoon-Mi, Hoe-Uk Jeong, Man Chull Kang, Frances Ajose, Jong Woo Kim, Jeffrey J. Beck, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, et al. "The Nigerian Twin and Sibling Registry: An Update." Twin Research and Human Genetics 22, no. 6 (December 2019): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2019.110.

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AbstractHere we provide an update of the 2013 report on the Nigerian Twin and Sibling Registry (NTSR). The major aim of the NTSR is to understand genetic and environmental influences and their interplay in psychological and mental health development in Nigerian children and adolescents. Africans have the highest twin birth rates among all human populations, and Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. Due to its combination of large population and high twin birth rates, Nigeria has one of the largest twin populations in the world. In this article, we provide current updates on the NTSR samples recruited, recruitment procedures, zygosity assessment and findings emerging from the NTSR.
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Idaewor, Osiomheyalo. "Historicizing Mental Health Care Services in Lagos, Nigeria, 1960 – 1991." Lagos Historical Review 14, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/lhr.v14i1.5.

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Abdulmalik, J., T. T. Bella-Awusah, O. Adejumo, and O. O. Omigbodun. "Child and adolescent mental health service innovations in Ibadan, Nigeria." Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, no. 5 (July 2012): S74—S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.05.297.

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Adewuya, Abiodun O., and Olutayo O. Aloba. "Reproductive mental health risk in Nigeria: myths, facts and challenges." International Psychiatry 6, no. 4 (October 2009): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600000746.

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It is widely known that Africans and especially Nigerians place much emphasis on childbearing. It has been said that the effect of childbirth relates to the society and culture's response to parenthood and the existing family structure. Many rituals exist in African societies to signify the changes in women's identity, roles and status during pregnancy and following childbirth. Earlier studies have suggested that perinatal emotional distress is rare among women in sub-Saharan Africa, with the supposed intact family structure in the region acting as a protective factor.
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Ifabumuyi, O. I., and M. O. Akindele. "Post-partum mental illness in Northern Nigeria." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 72, no. 1 (July 1985): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02572.x.

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Nonye, Aniebue Patricia, and Ekwueme Christiandolus Oseloka. "Health-seeking behaviour of mentally ill patients in Nigeria." South African Journal of Psychiatry 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v15i1.167.

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<p><strong>Aim.</strong> To determine the health-seeking behaviour of mentally ill patients in Enugu, Nigeria. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Design.</strong> A consecutive recruitment of 397 patients receiving treatment at the neuropsychiatric hospital in Enugu was done. Using a structured questionnaire, information was obtained from the respondents including their socio-demographic characteristics, their knowledge of the cause of their mental illness, and the treatment that they first employed, with their reasons for doing so. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> The age range of the respondents was 15 - 75, with a mean of 31.6 years (SD±11 years). Two hundred and twenty- three (56.2%) respondents were male and 174 (43.8%) were female. Treatment options first employed by respondents were prayer houses (34.5%), followed by psychiatric hospital (32%). The main reasons for the treatment options employed were confidence of cure at the place of treatment (46.3%), ignorance of the existence of a mental health service (14.6%), and the belief that the mental condition was not amenable to orthodox treatment (8.1%). Patients’ perceptions of the cause of their ailment most commonly revealed a belief in demonic and spiritual forces. Gender, educational status, attributing of the mental illness to a rational cause, and living in an urban area were significantly associated with the employment of specialist care as the first treatment option. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Misconceptions regarding the cause of mental illness still abound among mentally ill patients in Nigeria. Consequently, psychiatric consultation is not usually initially employed, especially in rural areas. Community health education aimed at changing misconceptions, and the integration of mental health services into primary health care services, is advocated.</p>
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Akanni, OluyemiO, NosaG Igbinomwanhia, Adegboyega Ogunwale, and AdeagboF Osundina. "Knowledge of mental health law and attitude toward mental illness among attorneys in Nigeria." Social Health and Behavior 3, no. 3 (2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_24_20.

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Abayomi, O., AO Adelufosi, and A. Olajide. "Changing attitude to mental illness among community mental health volunteers in south-western Nigeria." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 59, no. 6 (July 10, 2012): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764012448781.

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Abiodun, O. A. "Knowledge and Attitude Concerning Mental Health of Primary Health Care Workers in Nigeria." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 37, no. 2 (June 1991): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002076409103700206.

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Ikwuka, Ugo, Niall Galbraith, Ken Manktelow, Josephine Chen-Wilson, Femi Oyebode, Rosemary Chizobam Muomah, and Anulika Igboaka. "Pathways to mental healthcare in south-eastern Nigeria." Transcultural Psychiatry 53, no. 5 (July 28, 2016): 574–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461516660903.

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Gureje, Oye, Victor O. Lasebikan, Olusola Ephraim-Oluwanuga, Benjamin O. Olley, and Lola Kola. "Community study of knowledge of and attitude to mental illness in Nigeria." British Journal of Psychiatry 186, no. 5 (May 2005): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.5.436.

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BackgroundThe improvement of community tolerance of people with mental illness is important for their integration. Little is known about the knowledge of and attitude to mental illness in sub-Saharan Africa.AimsTo determine the knowledge and attitudes of a representative community sample in Nigeria.MethodA multistage, clustered sample of household respondents was studied in three states in the Yoruba-speaking parts of Nigeria (representing 22% of the national population). A total of 2040 individuals participated (response rate 74.2%).ResultsPoor knowledge of causation was common. Negative views of mental illness were widespread, with as many as 96.5% (s.d.=0.5) believing that people with mental illness are dangerous because of their violent behaviour. Most would not tolerate even basic social contacts with a mentally ill person: 82.7% (s.e.=1.3) would be afraid to have a conversation with a mentally ill person and only 16.9% (s.e.=0.9) would consider marrying one. Socio-demographic predictors of both poor knowledge and intolerant attitude were generally very few.ConclusionsThere is widespread stigmatisation of mental illness in the Nigerian community. Negative attitudes to mental illness may be fuelled by notions of causation that suggest that affected people are in some way responsible for their illness, and by fear.
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Aluh, Deborah Oyine, Matthew Jegbefume Okonta, and Valentine Uche Odili. "Cross-sectional survey of mental health literacy among undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e028913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028913.

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ObjectiveThis study sought to assess knowledge of schizophrenia and help-seeking behaviour among undergraduate students of a Nigerian university. Sociodemographic predictors of correct recognition were also explored.DesignThe study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey.SettingThe study was carried out at the University of Nigeria, a pioneer university located in Southeastern Nigeria.ParticipantsUndergraduate students of the University of Nigeria.MethodsAll consenting male and female students of three purposively selected faculties were recruited for the study. Self-administered vignette-based questionnaires were distributed to students of the selected faculties between September and November 2018. Data were analysed using the IBM Statistical Product and Services Solution for Windows V.21.0.ResultsOut of the 400 questionnaires that were distributed, 389 were completed and returned (97.3% response rate). Respondents were mainly female (64.9%, n=252) and were between the ages of 18 and 24 years (75.8%, n=294). One in eight respondents (12.1%, n=47) correctly identified and labelled the schizophrenia vignette. Hallucination was the most identified symptom of distress for schizophrenia (47.9%, n=186). The most common alternative label for schizophrenia was ‘mental illness’ (24.7%, n=96). Schizophrenia was also mislabelled as depression (11.6%, n=45). More than a 10th of the respondents used stigmatising labels such as ‘crazy’ and ‘mad’ (11.1%, n=43). Psychiatrists were the most recommended source of help for the vignette character (36.3%, n=141). There was a strong association between the faculty of study and the ability to correctly identify and label the schizophrenia vignette (χ2=44.557, p<0.001).ConclusionMental health literacy among students of the University of Nigeria was poor. Research on culturally sensitive interventions to improve mental health literacy should be embarked on.
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Makanjuola, Olumide, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, and Olakunle A. Oginni. "On being gay in Nigeria: Discrimination, mental health distress, and coping." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health 22, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2018.1482809.

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Ogunwale, A., O. E. Majekodunmi, S. O. Ajayi, and J. Abdulmalik. "Forensic mental health service implications of COVID-19 infection in Nigeria." Forensic Science International: Mind and Law 1 (November 2020): 100026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2020.100026.

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Eaton, Julian, Djibo Douma Maiga, and Soumana Pate. "Mental health services in the Republic of Niger." International Psychiatry 6, no. 3 (July 2009): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600000606.

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The Republic of Niger is a large, landlocked west African country. Around 80% of its vast land mass (1 300 000 km2) is in the Sahara Desert. Its neighbours are Mali, Algeria, Libya and Chad to the north, and Nigeria, Benin and Burkina Faso to the south. The country came under French rule in the 1890s and gained its independence in 1960, but development has been slowed by political instability, lack of natural resources and drought. In 1999, voters overwhelmingly approved a new constitution, allowing for multi-party elections, which were held later that year. An ongoing rebellion in the north makes access to much of the country difficult.
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Henderson, Scott, and Gavin Andrews. "The yield from national surveys of mental health." International Psychiatry 5, no. 1 (January 2008): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005439.

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At least 21 countries have now carried out national surveys of mental health under the aegis of the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Surveys. This has meant interviewing some 157 000 people in their homes. The countries are as varied as Australia, China, Iran, six continental European nations, Nigeria, the UK and the USA (Andrews et al, 2001; Demyttenaere et al, 2004; Mohammadi et al, 2005). It is therefore timely to consider what this very large body of information has yielded and to what use it can be put, especially in relation to the costs and human resources expended in a field where unmet need is so conspicuous.
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Utoblo, Bello, Alan White, Steve Robertson, and Laura Serrant. "Gender Flexibility as a Social factor in Men's Recovery from Schizophrenia in Northern Nigeria." International Journal of Mens Social and Community Health 2, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): e45-e54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/ijmsch.v2i1.9.

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BackgroundSchizophrenia is a severe mental health condition that impacts more heavily on men. In Nigeria, studies on men and health have mainly focused on sexual health, in contrast, men’s experience of schizophrenia and the role of gender in influencing beliefs about their recovery has rarely been studied. This study explored men’s perceptions of developing schizophrenia in northern Nigeria and what emerged as facilitating factors in their recovery. MethodThis qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with 30 male outpatients with a previous diag-nosis of schizophrenia and 10 mental health professionals. All were recruited through Nigerian psychiatric hospital clinics. A thematic approach informed analysis of the data collected. ResultsA commitment to flexibility in gender-relations emerged as a key finding. Within household members, the meeting of financial needs was talked about interchangeably. This flexible gender-relations was then associ-ated with household poverty reduction, which was previously seen as influencing the men’s recovery from the mental illness. In particular, providing for family needs became a shared responsibility, with departure from traditional gender expectations imposing fewer family hardships. This was also reported as having a bearing on the men’s willingness to access services, which aided recovery. ConclusionThe influence of flexible gender-relations demonstrated in this study has practice implications for under-standing men’s management of recovery from schizophrenia. Community-focused gender transformative programs for the men and those involved in their care in Nigeria could help engage participants in discus-sions relevant to facilitate changes in gender expectations.
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Giménez-Llort, L., EK Oghagbon, F. Dogo, M. Ogiator, and J. Prieto-Pino. "438 - Nigerian women are more susceptible to the impact of diabetes-and-dementia: State-of-art, Future perspectives and Directions." International Psychogeriatrics 32, S1 (October 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220002902.

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Among the preventable complications of diseases that require urgent effective health literacy programs in sub-Saharan Africa, crosstalk between diabetes and dementia stands out for women's health. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in midlife is a recognised risk factor for dementia. This crosstalk is more significant in persons of African ancestry. Globally, the prevalence of DM will increase dramatically in the next few years with 75% of cases living in low-to-middle-income countries. Some major risk factors for DM2 accelerates the development of dementia in Africa-Americans, thus leading to higher prevalence of dementia compared to Caucasians. It is known that 58% of the global 46.8 million dementia subjects lives in economically developing countries. This proportion may reach 63% and 68% in 12 and 32 years' time, respectively. Females are 1.5 times likely to develop dementia, but sub-Saharan Africa women have a disproportionately two-to-eight fold increased dementia risk. In the eye of this storm is Nigeria which is home to the highest number of diabetics in Africa. Diabetes prevalence in the country is rising parallel to increased incidence of obesity, hypertension and rising population age. The socioeconomic impact of increasing prevalence of DM2 and dementia will be unsustainable for Nigeria healthcare system, given the experiences in developed economies. This study analyses the current situation of women's health in Nigeria, and explore future policy directions. The complex interplay of factors involved in the DM2-dementia crosstalk in Nigerian women include those due to biological processes (metabolic syndrome, vascular damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance and anaemia), nutritional habits and sedentary lifestyles. Other factors that predisposes Nigerian diabetic women to dementia are, restricted resources, lack of visibility and poor health management. They add up to increase the burden of disease in the Nigerian woman, irrespective of age. We advise urgent implementation of heath policies and actions that will increase ratio of mental health professionals / number of patients, especially in rural areas and the establishment of proactive primary healthcare centres. Importantly, interventions targeting adolescents and adult women, and others specific to mother- child interactions, are strongly needed in Nigeria and the sub-region for mitigating dementia in women.
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Ibala, Reine-Marcelle, Ilana Seff, and Lindsay Stark. "Attitudinal Acceptance of Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health Outcomes for Female Survivors in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 5099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105099.

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While current literature evidences a strong association between gender-based violence exposure and adverse mental health outcomes, few studies have explored how attitudinal acceptance of intimate partner violence (IPV) might impact this relationship. This analysis employed data from 13–24-year-old females as part of the Violence Against Children Surveys in Nigeria, Uganda, and Malawi. Mental health status, defined by the Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress, and suicide ideation served as outcome measures. Predictors of interest included lifetime experiences of IPV and attitudinal acceptance of IPV. Country-stratified logistic and ordinary least squares regressions were used to predict outcomes and included interactions between violence exposure and attitudinal acceptance of IPV. Violence exposure was associated with increased symptoms of mental distress and increased suicide ideation in all countries. Among those who experienced IPV, exhibiting attitudinal acceptance of IPV was associated with improved mental health in Nigeria and Malawi. IPV tolerance conferred lower odds of suicide ideation following IPV exposure in Nigeria. The findings suggest that programs aiming to reduce attitudinal acceptance of IPV must consider how these changes may interact with women’s exposure to IPV.
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Lasebikan, Victor Olufolahan. "Cultural aspects of mental health and mental health service delivery with a focus on Nigeria within a global community." Mental Health, Religion & Culture 19, no. 4 (April 20, 2016): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2016.1180672.

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Atilola, O. "Punitive incarceration or corrective seclusion: a critical review of the state of nigerian juvenile justice system." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72470-1.

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IntroductionNigeria has a predominantly youthful population living in an adverse social environment created by a combination of factors, which creates a situation for a large number of children to be exposed to life of want, danger, abuse and social isolation. Such children are known to have a higher risk of coming into contact with the juvenile justice system (JJS). An ideal JJS should provide statutory guardianship for children in need of care, protection or reformation. There are reports that Nigerian JJS may have some shortcomings.ObjectivesTo review internationally accepted standards of care for children within the JJS and compare this with the current practices in Nigeria with a view to make recommendations for improvement.AimsTo examine the level of compliance of the Nigerian JJS with international standards.MethodsInformation and data on the history, structure, facilities, current practices and enabling laws of the Nigerian JJS were obtained by review of literatures, perusal of available records, on-site visits and direct interview of officials of the Nigerian JJS.ResultsThe Nigerian JJS was modelled after the British system, with few modifications to accommodate local customs. The current state may have deviated beyond customary differences to include systematic ones. For instance, incarcerating forms of custodian care is the norm in Nigeria as non-incarcerating methods are not well developed. These facilities are also in deplorable states. Furthermore, the current enabling laws are obsolete.ConclusionsNigerian JJS currently have major shortcomings that may preclude serving its intended purpose. Recommendations were made.
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Oladeji, Bibilola D., and Oye Gureje. "Brain drain: a challenge to global mental health." BJPsych. International 13, no. 3 (August 2016): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000001240.

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The brain drain of medical professionals from lower-income to higher-income countries contributes to the current inequity that characterises access to mental healthcare by those in need across the world and hinders efforts to scale up mental health services in resource-constrained settings, especially in Nigeria and other West African countries. The migration of skilled workers is driven by a combination of the globalisation of the labour market and the ability of highly resourced countries to attract and retain specialists from poorer countries. If we are to ameliorate the worldwide shortage of mental health professionals, we need to find innovative ways of attracting young doctors into psychiatric training in all countries. We must also introduce measures to improve health worker retention in low- and middle-income countries.
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Ogunsemi, Joshua Oludare, Ebenezer Olutope Akinnawo, Bede Chinonye Akpunne, and Joy Osagiator Ariyo. "Perceived Vulnerability to COVID-19 Infection and Psychosocial Well-Being of Nigerian Residents." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, no. 11 (November 21, 2020): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i11/991.

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The outbreak of the novel (SARS-CoV-2), known as COVID-19, has sparked global severe physical and mental health concerns in many spheres. Part of the identified mental health factors affecting people's psychosocial well-being is an increased level of health worries due to perception of vulnerability, which has been raised by excessive exposure to news, information on rising cases, mortality, and many others. This study focuses on the predictive influence of perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 infection among Nigeria residents during the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 355 Nigerians, 175 (49.3%) males, 180 (50.7%) females aged between 18 years and 42 years (M = 27.24, SD =7.05) participated in the study through an online snowball method. Data was collected using the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (PVDQ) and Mental Health Continuum Scale- Short Form (MHC-SF). Analysis of results reveals a high prevalence of low psychosocial well-being. That perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 infection significantly predicts psychosocial wellbeing (F (1,353) = 71.8, adj. R2 =.165, p <.01) among respondents. No significant sex influence was observed on psychosocial well-being; educational qualifications and marital status were found to influence the psychosocial well-being of Nigerian during COVID-19 Pandemic significantly. The authors conclude that perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 infection predicts the psychosocial well-being of Nigeria residents during the COVID-19 Pandemic outbreak.
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Ikwuka, Ugo, Niall Galbraith, and Lovemore Nyatanga. "Causal attribution of mental illness in south-eastern Nigeria." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 60, no. 3 (May 15, 2013): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764013485331.

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Oshodi, Y. O., O. M. Simoyan, A. F. E. Lesi, and P. I. Ibeziako. "Health professionals perceived need for child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) training in Lagos, Nigeria." Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, no. 5 (July 2012): S293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.04.833.

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Omigbodun, Olayinka, Tolulope Bella, Nisha Dogra, and Olapeju Simoyan. "Training Health Professionals for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care in Nigeria: A Qualitative Analysis." Child and Adolescent Mental Health 12, no. 3 (September 2007): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2007.00455.x.

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Adeosun, Increase, Abosede Adegbohun, Oyetayo Jeje, and Fikunayo Manuwa. "Mental Health Literacy about Schizophrenia among Secondary School Students in Lagos, Nigeria." International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal 4, no. 3 (January 10, 2015): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/indj/2015/19296.

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Bella-Awusah, Tolulope, and Olayinka Omigbodun. "Schools and their potential to promote mental health for children in Nigeria." Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 4, no. 3 (March 2020): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30427-4.

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Esan, Oluyomi, Arinola Esan, Ayorinde Folasire, and Philip Oluwajulugbe. "Mental health and wellbeing of medical students in Nigeria: a systematic review." International Review of Psychiatry 31, no. 7-8 (October 24, 2019): 661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2019.1677220.

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