Journal articles: 'Mental health in prison'

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Birmingham, Luke. "The mental health of prisoners." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 9, no. 3 (2003): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.9.3.191.

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Mental health problems are the most significant cause of morbidity in prisons. Over 90% of prisoners have a mental disorder. The prison environment and the rules and regimes governing daily life inside prison can be seriously detrimental to mental health. Prisoners have received very poor health care and, until recently, the National Health Service (NHS) had no obligations to service this group, which was the Home Office's responsibility. The NHS is expected to take responsibility eventually, following a new health partnership with the Prison Service. NHS psychiatrists will have to be much more active in the development and delivery of health care to prisoners who now have the right to equal health care. There are positive developments but concerted and determined action is required to bring prison health care up to acceptable standards.

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Edgemon, Timothy G., and Jody Clay-Warner. "Inmate Mental Health and the Pains of Imprisonment." Society and Mental Health 9, no. 1 (2018): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156869318785424.

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We use national data on 5,552 inmates and the 214 state prisons in which they reside to examine how prison conditions are associated with mental health symptoms net of individual-level factors. Structural equation models indicate that prison overcrowding and punitiveness are positively related to both depression and hostility, while the availability of work assignments is negatively related to both mental health indicators. The proportion of inmates whose home is more than 50 miles from the prison was positively associated with depression. Inmates reported higher levels of hostility when the prison did not allow television and there was a recent prison suicide. These results suggest the importance of examining a wide range of prison deprivations in research on inmate well-being to lay the groundwork for understanding the mechanisms through which prison deprivations are linked to mental health.

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Yi, Youngmin, Kristin Turney, and Christopher Wildeman. "Mental Health Among Jail and Prison Inmates." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 4 (2016): 900–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316681339.

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Previous studies provide insight into the mental health of jail and prison inmates, but this research does not compare the two groups of inmates. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this article examines how the association between incarceration and self-reported mental health varies by facility type, net of an array of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Both jail and prison inmates report high rates of depression, life dissatisfaction, heavy drinking, and illicit drug use. In adjusted logistic regression models, those incarcerated in jails, compared with those not incarcerated, have higher odds of depression (odds ratio [ OR] = 5.06, 90% confidence interval [CI; 1.96, 13.11]), life dissatisfaction ( OR = 3.59, 90% CI [1.40, 9.24]), and recent illicit drug use ( OR = 4.03, 90% CI [1.49, 10.58]). Those incarcerated in prisons have higher odds of life dissatisfaction ( OR = 3.88, 90% CI [2.16, 6.94]) and lower odds of recent heavy drinking ( OR = 0.32, 90% CI [0.13, 0.81]) compared with those not incarcerated. Furthermore, jail inmates report significantly more depression, heavy drinking, and illicit drug use than prison inmates. These results suggest the association between incarceration and mental health may vary substantially across facilities and highlight the importance of expanding research in this area beyond studies of prisons. The results also indicate that public health professionals in the correctional system should be especially attuned to the disproportionately high levels of poor mental health outcomes among jail inmates.

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Calles-Rubiales, N., and C. Ibáñez del Prado. "Influence of prisoners’ mental health on the relational climate of prisons." Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria 22, no. 3 (2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18176/resp.00021.

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Introduction: Entry into prison involves adapting to a prison culture that is sometimes altered by the effect of imprisonment. Prisons are overcrowded and hold large numbers of inmates suffering from mental disorders and difficulties of adaptation, who affect the delicate equilibrium of the prison environment and can worsen the relational climate. Material and method: Several bibliographical databases on the influence of the mental health of adult inmates on the prison relationship climate and existing interventions in this regard that have been published in the last 15 years were reviewed. This data was complemented by other information obtained from the online bibliographic indexes of the Ministry of the Interior. Results: There is little literature on the influence of mental health on the relational climate of prisons and existing interventions. However, what literature there is does respond to a current prison reality where inmates with mental health problems have an increased risk of victimization and also a greater predisposition to penitentiary misconduct that causes violations of rules and the consequent application of disciplinary sanctions that lead to segregation. Discussion: The dysfunctional behaviour of such inmates, as well as the stigmatized treatment they receive, negatively impact the prison social climate, generating pathological relational styles and distorting the prison environment. This creates a need for an adequate number of programs and interventions of sufficient quality to prevent and mitigate their consequences.

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Shaw, Jenny, and Naomi Humber. "Prison mental health services." Psychiatry 6, no. 11 (2007): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.09.002.

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Shaw, Jenny, and Naomi Humber. "Prison mental health services." Psychiatry 3, no. 11 (2004): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/psyt.3.11.21.53591.

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Jethwa, Jemini, and Kate Townsend. "Planning effective mental healthcare in prisons: findings from a national consultation on the care programme approach in prisons." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (2021): S198—S199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.533.

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AimsThe Care Programme Approach (CPA) can be an effective tool in coordinating the care and treatment needs of people with mental illness and learning disabilities. Within prisons settings, the CPA has been poorly implemented and the principles underpinning this approach have been lost. The aim of this research was to look at the key themes identified as part of a consultation process to develop quality guidance on planning effective mental healthcare in prisons in relation to the CPA.MethodThe consultation exercises included telephone interviews and hosting a national consultation event to represent the views of prisons nationally. It was conducted by the Quality Network for Prison Mental Health Services, a quality improvement initiative organised by the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ Centre for Quality Improvement.ResultThe results derived from the consultation process indicates that CPA in prisons is inconsistently adopted and that there is lack of confidence in the process from prison mental health teams, particularly with how to engage community mental health teams.ConclusionThis concludes that there is a substantial need for standardisation and consistency in the application of the CPA process within prisons, for the purposes of enhanced care delivery, greater continuity of care, and improved patient outcomes. The Quality Network for Prison Mental Health Services used the findings from this consultation to produce a national guidance document on planning effective mental healthcare in prisons, which can be accessed for free by all prison mental health teams.

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Mishra, Arjyalopa, Amartya Shreya, and Anuj Shukla. "Promotion of mental health and well-being in Indian prisons." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 1 (2020): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205740.

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Decades of study on prison sociology have sought answers to questions pertaining to the social organization of the prison community. Various researchers expressed their opinion, stating that incarceration has a negative psychological impact. Indian Prisons framework it is seen that the penitentiaries are exceptionally stuffed, this in a situation where the crime percentage has expanded alarmingly which further extends the overburdened detainment facilities. This study is aims to review the documentation of committee reports which were attempts to observe the changes in the Indian Prison Structure. It also makes an attempt to explore the behavior, cognitions and emotional adjustments as different variables in understanding the adaptation process in the Prison set up. Overall, it also attempts to highlight the state of wellbeing and promotion of mental health in the Indian Correctional Systems as major reforms to be incorporated.

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Steel, Julie, Graham Thornicroft, Luke Birmingham, et al. "Prison mental health inreach services." British Journal of Psychiatry 190, no. 5 (2007): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.031294.

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SummaryPrison mental health inreach teams have been established nationwide in England and Wales over the past 3 years to identify and treat mental disorders among prisoners. This paper summarises the policy content and what has been achieved thus far, and poses challenges that these teams face if they are to become a clear and effective component in the overall system of forensic mental healthcare.

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Warren, Mark. "Mental health care beyond prison." British Journal of Nursing 24, no. 15 (2015): 790–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2015.24.15.790.

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Caulfield, Laura S. "Counterintuitive findings from a qualitative study of mental health in English women’s prisons." International Journal of Prisoner Health 12, no. 4 (2016): 216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-05-2016-0013.

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Purpose Large numbers of women in prison report significant emotional and mental health problems, and there is evidence to suggest that the prison environment may exacerbate the incidence and severity of these issues (Armour, 2012). However, there has been limited exploration of the extent to which women’s mental health problems exist prior to incarceration, whether symptoms first occur in incarceration, and how incarceration affects this. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews were conducted with 43 women incarcerated in three English prisons and a thematic analysis of the data was conducted. Review of official prison records provided a form of data triangulation. Findings Analysis of the data revealed that while many women who experienced mental health issues in prison had experienced these issues in the past, a number of women reported first experiencing mental health and emotional problems only after entering prison. Although these problems often recede, this demonstrates the significant impact that entering prison can have upon the mental health of women. Unusually, the data highlighted many positive experiences of support within prison. However, there was some lack of consistency in the treatment and support offered to women. Originality/value The data presented here are in many ways more positive than previous research and – as opposed to much of the existing literature that simply states the prevalence women’s issues in prison – provides insight into the lived experiences of women in prison. This paper documents how prison can present an opportunity for women to engage with treatment, but there is a need for a clearer understanding of women’s needs and consistent and appropriate support.

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Barnert, Elizabeth, Ada Kwan, and Brie Williams. "Ten Urgent Priorities Based on Lessons Learned From More Than a Half Million Known COVID-19 Cases in US Prisons." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 6 (2021): 1099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306221.

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COVID-19 is ravaging US prisons. Prison residents and staff must be prioritized for vaccination, but a rapidly mutating virus and high rates of continued spread require an urgent, coordinated public health response. Based on knowledge accumulated from the pandemic thus far, we have identified 10 pressing public health priorities for responding to COVID-19 in prisons: (1) accelerate population reduction coupled with community reentry support, (2) improve prison ventilation systems, (3) ensure appropriate mask use, (4) limit transfers between facilities, (5) strengthen partnerships between public health departments and prison leadership, (6) introduce or maintain effective occupational health programs, (7) ensure access to advance care planning processes for incarcerated patients and delineation of patient health care rights, (8) strengthen partnerships between prison leadership and incarcerated people, (9) provide emergency mental health support for prison residents and staff, and (10) commit to public accountability and transparency. Dedicated prison leaders cannot accomplish these public health priorities alone. We must mobilize prison leaders, staff, and residents; public health departments; community advocates; and policymakers to work together to address the pandemic’s outsized impact in US prisons.

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Rose, John, Gerard Hutchinson, Paul Willner, and Tony Bastick. "The prevalence of mental health difficulties in a sample of prisoners in Trinidadian prisons referred for anger management." Journal of Forensic Practice 20, no. 4 (2018): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-03-2018-0011.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence of mental health disorder symptoms in a sample of prisoners in Trinidadian prisons who volunteered to attend anger management groups. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted using the 90-item Symptom Check-List revised (SCL-90-R) which was administered to prisoners in groups within the prison system. In total 132 prisoners (about 9 per cent of the prison population) completed the measure. The effect sizes of prisoners’ similarities to a psychiatric inpatient group and their differences from a non-patient group were used to identify symptoms most indicative of pathology in these prisoners. Findings The results on the SCL-90-R indicate that this group of prisoners (77.3 per cent male) had scores of psychiatric symptomatology that were much closer to a psychiatric inpatient population rather than to a general community population. Practical implications These results suggest there may be unmet psychiatric need among the population served by the prison services in Trinidad. It is not known how this sample differs from the general prison population. However, the unmet psychiatric need in this specific population suggests that a greater mental health focus in health services within prisons is to be considered to meet these needs. Originality/value These data suggest that there are significant mental health issues for some prisoners in Trinidad and possibly more generally in similar prison systems within the Caribbean and this may have significant implications for the treatment of prisoners and the delivery of mental health services in these prisons.

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Μπαμπάσικας, Κωνσταντίνος. "Η επίδραση του τύπου φυλακής στην επιθετικότητα και την ψυχική υγεία των κρατουμένων στις ελληνικές φυλακές". Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 22, № 1 (2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23249.

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Prisons differ in the degree of autonomy they provide to inmates. The objective of this study is to measure the impact of the prison environment, as reflected in the prison types, on prisoners’ self-reported aggression and mental health. This question becomes even more relevant since the recent bill opposing the set-up of a Type-C maximum security prison in Greece. The hypothesis is that the greater the degree of "security" (i.e., closed and judicial prisons being of a higher level of security compared with rural), the more likely the prisoners will be to exhibit aggression or poorer mental health. To test this hypothesis, a Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was used with prisoners’ age and imprisonment years as covariates. Prison type had a statistically significant effect on hostility and verbal aggression (with the highest levels recorded in the judicial prisons) and on depression (with lower levels in the rural prisons). In contrast, the effect of prison type on anger-physical aggression and anxiety was not significant. The results underline the importance of the prison environment and the needfor further strengthening of the rural prisons that will help minimize the physical and psychological risks for the inmates.

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Johnson, Luke, Kerry Gutridge, Julie Parkes, Anjana Roy, and Emma Plugge. "Scoping review of mental health in prisons through the COVID-19 pandemic." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (2021): e046547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046547.

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ObjectiveTo examine the extent, nature and quality of literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of imprisoned people and prison staff.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PsychExtra, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for any paper from 2019 onwards that focused on the mental health impact of COVID-19 on imprisoned people and prison staff. A grey literature search focused on international and government sources and professional bodies representing healthcare, public health and prison staff was also performed. We also performed hand searching of the reference lists of included studies.Eligibility criteria for selection of studiesAll papers, regardless of study design, were included if they examined the mental health of imprisoned people or prison staff specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Imprisoned people could be of any age and from any countries. All languages were included. Two independent reviewers quality assessed appropriate papers.ResultsOf 647 articles found, 83 were eligible for inclusion, the majority (58%) of which were opinion pieces. The articles focused on the challenges to prisoner mental health. Fear of COVID-19, the impact of isolation, discontinuation of prison visits and reduced mental health services were all likely to have an adverse effect on the mental well-being of imprisoned people. The limited research and poor quality of articles included mean that the findings are not conclusive. However, they suggest a significant adverse impact on the mental health and well-being of those who live and work in prisons.ConclusionsIt is key to address the mental health impacts of the pandemic on people who live and work in prisons. These findings are discussed in terms of implications for getting the balance between infection control imperatives and the fundamental human rights of prison populations.

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Franke, Irina, Tobias Vogel, Reinhard Eher, and Manuela Dudeck. "Prison mental healthcare." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 32, no. 4 (2019): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000504.

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Bravo-Mehmedbasic, A., D. Salčić, A. Kučukalić, S. Fadilpaić, L. Čaković, and E. Mehmedika-Suljic. "Impact of Psychoeducation on Professional Stress Reduction within Prison Guards." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71473-7.

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Aim:Evaluation of psychoeducation effects on professional stress consequences within prison guards.Method:In the research were included 122 prison guards from three prisons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. All of them have been tested before and after psychoeducation was finished using following instruments: Index of reaction, STAI questionnaire, SAMAČA questionnaire.Results:Differences between first and second measuring of subjects included in this study in Sarajevo prison indicated statistically significant reduction of stress reactions, improvement of coping strategies and communication skills. In prisons in Zenica and Kula there are differences between first and second measurement in stress reactions reduction, improvement of coping strategies and overcoming of stress and improvement of communication skills as well, which are not statistically significant. In Kula Prison, significant differences between two measurements in attitudes of prison guards toward detainees were observed.Conclusions:Results of this study show that prison guards within prisons where are detained persons with long period of imprisonment (Zenica, Kula) are more exposed to professional stress, comparing to prison guards who are employed in investigation prison (Sarajevo). Psychoeducation resulted in positive effects and it should be obligatory included in prison guards training with the aim of decreasing of psychological consequences of prolonged professional stress to which they are exposed to. Psychoeducation should be on continuous basis and led by educated mental health professionals.

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Armitage, Claire, Carole Fitzgerald, and Paula Cheong. "Prison in-reach mental health nursing." Nursing Standard 17, no. 26 (2003): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2003.03.17.26.40.c3358.

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Armitage, Claire, and Carole Fitzgerald. "Prison in-reach mental health nursing." Nursing Standard 17, no. 26 (2003): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.17.26.40.s53.

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Brown, Kate, Alexis Cullen, Iain Kooyman, and Andrew Forrester. "Mental health expertise at prison reception." Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 26, no. 1 (2014): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2014.955810.

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Burki, Talha. "Crisis in UK prison mental health." Lancet Psychiatry 4, no. 12 (2017): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30446-7.

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Taylor, Emmeline. "Prison mental health: Vision and reality." Probation Journal 58, no. 2 (2011): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02645505110580020902.

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Pękala-Wojciechowska, Anna, Andrzej Kacprzak, Krzysztof Pękala, et al. "Mental and Physical Health Problems as Conditions of Ex-Prisoner Re-Entry." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (2021): 7642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147642.

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The article focuses on a less-discussed issue of social marginalization of people leaving penitentiaries, which is the prevalence of multifaceted health problems experienced by people in this category. It includes poor health status, resulting from, among others, poor housing conditions, harmful or risky lifestyle, and lack of access to medical services. Data from the District Inspectorate of the Prison Service in Lodz, Poland on the health conditions of inmates was accessed. These data were supplemented by qualitative research conducted in 21 juvenile detention centers and 8 prisons across the country, conducting direct observations and In-Depth Interviews (IDI). A total of 198 IDIs were conducted with incarcerated (72) and released (30) juvenile offenders, and incarcerated (68) and released (28) adult offenders. These were complemented by IDIs with experts (50) and Focus Group Interviews (FGIs; 8) with male and female inmates in 4 Polish prisons. The study revealed that mental and physical health is a serious obstacle to social reintegration of ex-prisoners. It is rarely addressed by state institutions. There are strong associations between neglect of health issues in the prison population and increasing social exclusion after leaving prison. As Poland has a restrictive penal policy, former prisoners remain a group with social stigma and little support.

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Severson, Rachel E. "Gender Differences in Mental Health, Institutional Misconduct, and Disciplinary Segregation." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 12 (2019): 1719–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819869039.

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Despite a growing body of research on the use of disciplinary segregation within prisons, limited research has examined the role that mental health plays in this context, particularly across gender. This article advances theory and scholarship on disciplinary segregation by examining the role of mental health, violence, and gender. Examining these relationships provides insight into the implications of individual characteristics on in-prison behavior and punishment. Using nationally representative data and logistic regression analyses, this article examines the extent to which mental health history influences disciplinary segregation, if violent misconduct mediates this relationship, and the extent to which gender conditions this relationship. Findings suggest that the measurement of mental health history and violent misconduct are influential in the relationship between mental health history and disciplinary segregation and that gender differences emerge. Implications for theory, research, and policy related to in-prison punishment emerge from the results.

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Jacobi, John V. "Prison Health, Public Health: Obligations and Opportunities." American Journal of Law & Medicine 31, no. 4 (2005): 447–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880503100403.

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We don't care enough about prisoners’ welfare. We should care deeply because, as two prominent commentators on the history of prisons have said, “Prisoners are ourselves writ large or small. And, as such, they should not be subjected to suffering exceeding fair expiation for the crimes for which they have been convicted.” Well over two million persons are imprisoned in America today. We imprison a higher percentage of our population than any other country. Those we imprison are disproportionately poor, of color, uneducated, and sick. They have chronic conditions, mental illnesses, sexually transmitted diseases and other infectious diseases. They usually receive inadequate health care—and sometimes shockingly poor care.6 It has always been so. Prison reformers have argued for decent prison care based on humanitarian principles since the founding of the Republic, and, notwithstanding some notable achievements, have failed to achieve decent conditions. In the last fifty years, reformers shifted to individual rights arguments based on prisoners’ constitutional rights.

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Salize, H. J., and H. Dressing. "Organisation and Practice of Prison Mental Health Care in Europe - the EUPRIS Study." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70574-7.

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Among the more than 9.25 million people currently being held in penal institutions worldwide, mentally disordered inmates constitute a serious problem. Despite the standard doctrine in most countries that mentally ill offenders lacking criminal responsibility have to be referred to in forensic psychiatric facilities for specialised care, the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among prisoners by far exceeds the rate of mental disorders in the general population. However, international research on this issue is scarce. The EU has recently funded a study on the overall concepts and capacities of mental health care in prisons from 25 European countries. Hindered by very bad health reporting standards, the study revealed deficient mental state screening and assessment procedures at prison entry as well as during the term or prior to release. This is an obstacle for implementing adequate primary, secondary or tertiary prevention programmes for most prevalent mental disorders in prisons. Additionally it increases the risk of relapsing and re-offending of released prisoners. None of the included countries provides regular national statistics on the frequency of mental disorders of prisoners or on the availability of psychiatric treatments. Together with a mostly unknown share of general psychiatry involvement into prison mental health care, the information gap currently prevents from identifying favourable concepts of prison mental health care in Europe. The paper presents the data collected during the study as well as a suggested set of standardized indicators whose implementation would enable to describe and evaluate this seriously neglected field.

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Salize, H. J., and H. Dressing. "Organisation and Practice of Prison Mental Health Care in Europe - the EUPRIS Study." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71076-4.

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Among the more than 9.25 million people currently being held in penal institutions worldwide, mentally disordered inmates constitute a serious problem. Despite the standard doctrine in most countries that mentally ill offenders lacking criminal responsibility have to be referred to in forensic psychiatric facilities for specialised care, the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among prisoners by far exceeds the rate of mental disorders in the general population. However, international research on this issue is scarce. The EU has recently funded a study on the overall concepts and capacities of mental health care in prisons from 25 European countries. Hindered by very bad health reporting standards, the study revealed deficient mental state screening and assessment procedures at prison entry as well as during the term or prior to release. This is an obstacle for implementing adequate primary, secondary or tertiary prevention programmes for most prevalent mental disorders in prisons. Additionally it increases the risk of relapsing and re-offending of released prisoners. None of the included countries provides regular national statistics on the frequency of mental disorders of prisoners or on the availability of psychiatric treatments. Together with a mostly unknown share of general psychiatry involvement into prison mental health care, the information gap currently prevents from identifying favourable concepts of prison mental health care in Europe. The paper presents the data collected during the study as well as a suggested set of standardized indicators whose implementation would enable to describe and evaluate this seriously neglected field.

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Linehan, Sally A., Dearbhla M. Duffy, Helen O'Neill, Conor O'Neill, and Harry G. Kennedy. "Irish Travellers and forensic mental health." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 19, no. 3 (2002): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700007102.

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AbstractObjectives: To determine whether Irish Travellers are over-represented amongst transfers from prison to psychiatric hospital. If so, to determine whether this represents an excess over the proportion of Irish Travellers committed to prison.Method: Irish Travellers admitted to the National Forensic Psychiatry service were identified from a case register over three years 1997-1999. New prison committals were sampled and interviewed as part of the routine committal screening to identify ethnicity.Results: Irish Travellers accounted for 3.4% of forensic psychiatric admissions compared to 0.38% of the adult population. Travellers transferred from prison to psychiatric hospital had more learning disability and less severe mental illness than other groups, while black and other ethnic minorities had a higher proportion of severe mental illness. Travellers accounted for 6% (95% CI 3-11) of 154 male committals and 4% (95% CI 2-12) of 70 female committals. The estimated annualised prison committal rate was 2.8% (95% CI 2.4-3.3) of all adult male Travellers in Ireland and 1% for female Travellers (95% CI 0.8-1.3). Male Travellers had a relative risk of imprisonment compared to the settled community of 17.4 (95% CI 2.3-131.4), the relative risk for female Travellers was 12.9 (95% CI 1.7-96.7). Imprisoned Travellers had greater rates of drugs and alcohol problems than other prisoners (Relative risk 1.46, 95% C11.11-1.90).Conclusion: There is gross over-representation of Travellers in forensic psychiatric admissions. This reflects the excess of Travellers amongst prison committals.

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Georgiou, Megan, and Kate Townsend. "Quality Network for Prison Mental Health Services: reviewing the quality of mental health provision in prisons." Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 30, no. 5 (2019): 794–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2019.1637918.

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Forrester, Andrew, Jagmohan Singh, Karen Slade, Tim Exworthy, and Piyal Sen. "Mental health in-reach in an urban UK remand prison." International Journal of Prisoner Health 10, no. 3 (2014): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-07-2013-0035.

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Purpose – Prison mental health in-reach teams (MHITs) have developed in England and Wales over the last decade. Services have been nationally reviewed, but detailed descriptions of their work have been scarce. The purpose of this paper is to describe the functions of one MHIT in a busy, ethnically diverse, male remand prison in London, UK. Design/methodology/approach – Clinical and demographic data were collected for prisoners referred to the MHIT using a retrospective design over an 18-week period in 2008/2009 (n=111). Findings – Foreign national prisoners and sentenced prisoners were significantly under-referred. Most referrals were already known to community mental health services, although around a quarter accessed services for the first time in prison. Around a third presented with self-harm/suicide risks. Substance misuse problems were common. Although the MHIT had evolved systems to promote service access, prisoner self-referrals were limited. Practical implications – Foreign national prisoners require enhanced investment to improve service access. MHITs identify people with mental disorders for the first time in prisons, but better screening arrangements are needed across systems. An evaluation of multiple MHIT models could inform a wider delivery template. Originality/value – One of the first ground-level evaluations of MHITs in England and Wales.

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Mayer, Connie. "HIV-infected prisoners: What mental health services are constitutionally mandated?" Journal of Psychiatry & Law 23, no. 4 (1995): 517–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539502300403.

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State and federal correctional facilities currently have approximately 23,000 inmates who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These inmates suffer from the same mental health disorders as uninfected inmates but are additionally subject to mental health problems uniquely related to their HIV infection. Many prison systems are struggling to provide minimal mental health care to uninfected inmates. How will prisons address the additional mental health needs of the staggering number of inmates being diagnosed with AIDS and HIV? This article describes the type of mental health services that are constitutionally mandated and discusses whether and how prisons will have to respond to the distinct mental health issues related to HIV infection.

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Senior, J., L. Birmingham, M. A. Harty, et al. "Identification and management of prisoners with severe psychiatric illness by specialist mental health services." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 7 (2012): 1511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712002073.

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BackgroundThe prevalence of mental disorders among prisoners is considerably higher than in the general population. This is an important public health issue as the vast majority of prisoners stay in custody for less than 9 months and, when not in prison, offenders' lifestyles are frequently chaotic, characterized by social exclusion, instability and unemployment. Multi-disciplinary mental health inreach services were introduced to target care towards prisoners with severe mental illness (SMI) in a similar way to that provided by Community Mental Health Teams outside prison. The aim was to establish the proportion of prisoners with SMI who were assessed and managed by prison mental health inreach services.MethodA two-phase prevalence survey in six prisons in England measured SMI upon reception into custody. Case-note review established the proportion of those with SMI subsequently assessed and treated by inreach services.ResultsOf 3492 prisoners screened, 23% had SMI. Inreach teams assessed only 25% of these unwell prisoners, and accepted just 13% onto their caseloads.ConclusionsInreach teams identified and managed only a small proportion of prisoners with SMI. Prison-based services need to improve screening procedures and develop effective care pathways to ensure access to appropriate services. Improved identification of mental illness is needed in both the community and the Criminal Justice System to better engage with socially transient individuals who have chaotic lifestyles and complex needs.

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Stoliker, Bryce E. "Attempted Suicide: A Multilevel Examination of Inmate Characteristics and Prison Context." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 5 (2018): 589–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818754609.

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Correctional institutions in the United States witness higher rates of suicide compared with the general population, as well as a higher number of attempted suicides compared with completed cases. Prison research focused little attention on investigating the combined effects of inmate characteristics and prison context on suicide, with studies using only one level of analysis (prison or prisoner) and neglecting the nested nature of inmates in prisons. To extend this literature, multilevel modeling techniques were employed to investigate individual- and prison-contextual predictive patterns of attempted suicide using a nationally representative sample of 18,185 inmates in 326 prisons across the United States. Results revealed that several individual-level factors predicted odds for attempted suicide, such as inmate characteristics/demographics, prison experiences, having a serious mental illness, and symptoms of mental health issues. Some prison-contextual variables, as well as cross-level interaction effects, also significantly predicted odds for attempted suicide. Policy and research implications are discussed.

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Keogh, Brian, Padraig McBennett, Jan deVries, Agnes Higgins, Marie O’Shea, and Louise Doyle. "Prisoners perceptions of a mental health wellness workshop." International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, no. 2 (2017): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-03-2016-0008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on the evaluation of a one-day mental health wellness workshop which was delivered to male prisoners in an urban prison in the Republic of Ireland. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods approach was used to evaluate the workshop. This paper presents the findings of the qualitative arm of the evaluation. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured telephone interviews with ten participants who had completed the programme. Findings The participants were overwhelmingly positive about the wellness workshop and the qualitative interviews articulated the ways that the workshop impacted on their ability to manage their own and other peoples mental health. Originality/value As prisons attempt to limit the negative impact of prison life, implementing recovery orientated approaches such as the wellness workshop can have a positive impact on prisoners’ mental health as well as raising their awareness and improving their attitudes towards mental distress and suicide. The concepts of self-help and peer support, espoused by the workshop offer a real opportunity to equip interested prisoners with skills to support themselves and other prisoners who are in distress.

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Mullen, Rod, Naya Arbiter, Claudia Rosenthal Plepler, and Douglas James Bond. "In-prison therapeutic communities in California." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 40, no. 3/4 (2019): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-06-2019-0007.

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Purpose Over nearly six decades in prison, therapeutic communities (TCs) have waxed and waned in California. While there have been dramatic and demonstrable sucess with some of the most intractable populations in California prisons, the TC model has met substantial challenges, both bureaucratic and political. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This is a six-decade review of in-prison TCs in California based both on the research literature and from personal experience over 30 years providing both in-prison and community based TCs in California. Findings Despite well-documented success reducing the recidivism of violent offenders in California prisons (which is now the bulk of the population), the government has ignored the success of well implemented in-prison TCs, and has implemented a CBT model which has recently been documented to have been ineffective in reducing recidivism. The State is now at a crossroads. Research limitations/implications Documented research findings of success do not necessarily result in the implementation of the model. Practical implications There is evidence that violent felons are amenable to treatment. Social implications Public concern over the return of violent felons from prison can be ameliorated by the evidence of the effectiveness of TC treatment in prison. Originality/value There is no other publication which captures the narrative of the TC in California prisons over six decades.

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Skar, Mette, Nicoline Lokdam, Alison Liebling, et al. "Quality of prison life, violence and mental health in Dubrava prison." International Journal of Prisoner Health 15, no. 3 (2019): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-10-2017-0047.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between the quality of prison life and mental health among prisoners and the occurrence of violence. Design/methodology/approach In total, 203 prisoners from Dubrava Correctional Center in Kosovo participated. Data on background characteristics of the prisoners, quality of prison life, mental health symptoms and exposure to physical, psychological and sexual violence were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using general linear models (GLM) and manual backwards model search with step-wise exclusion. Findings The GLM analysis showed a significant negative association between anxiety symptom load (−1.4), physical violence (−1.5) and psychological violence (−1.9), and quality of prison life. Furthermore, it appeared that prisoners rating of quality of life (QoL) increased with time among prisoners not exposed to violence, while this was not seen among prisoners exposed to violence. Finally, there was an inverse association between the dimensions of respect, fairness, humanity and good staff/prisoner relations, and the proportion of prisoners exposed to violence. Originality/value An environment with higher levels of respect, fairness, humanity and good relations between staff and prisoners was associated with lower levels of violence. Hence, a prison that focuses on promoting QoL and good mental health among prisoners will show lower levels of violence, thereby making the prison a more tolerable place for the prisoners and a better working environment for prison staff.

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Baybutt, Michelle, Mark Dooris, and Alan Farrier. "Growing health in UK prison settings." Health Promotion International 34, no. 4 (2018): 792–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day037.

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Abstract Globally, prisoners tend to come from marginalized and socially disadvantaged sections of the society and exhibit a high incidence of ill health, linked to social exclusion and multiple complex needs. Prisons therefore offer an important opportunity to tackle inequality and injustice, through promoting health, reducing reoffending and facilitating community reintegration.This paper reports on and critically discusses findings from an evaluative research study, which aimed to identify and explore impacts of prisoners’ participation in an innovative social and therapeutic horticultural programme, ‘Greener on the Outside for Prisons’ (GOOP), delivered in prisons in North West England. Focus groups with 16 prisoners and semi-structured interviews with six prison staff were conducted at five sites. Presented under three overarching themes (health and well-being; skills development, employability, and work preparedness; and relationships), findings suggest that engagement with and participation in GOOP were important in improving positive mental well-being, increasing physical activity and knowledge about healthier eating; developing skills and work readiness; and building relationships and catalysing and strengthening prosocial behaviours, important for good citizenship and effective resettlement. The paper concludes that – in the context of the current UK prison reform agenda and concern about the high incidence of violence, substance misuse, self-harm and suicide – prison-based horticulture can offer multiple benefits and make a significant contribution to the creation of safe, secure, supportive and health-enhancing environments. Furthermore, it contends that by joining up health and justice agendas, programmes such as GOOP have the potential to serve as powerful catalysts for wider systemic change, thereby helping tackle inequalities and social exclusion within societies across the globe.

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Nwakasi, Candidus, Darlingtina Esiaka, and Janardan Subedi. "Predictors of Seeking Health Information and Mental Health Support in U.S. Prisons: A Study Using 2014 PIAAC Data." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1082.

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Abstract Being in prison increases the vulnerability to poor health, especially mental illnesses. This is evident in the documented health disparities between prison inmates and the general population. For example, suicide rates among inmates are higher than in the general population. There is an urgent need to understand how inmates experience mental well-being. This is important as some inmates serve long/life sentences and some will need to successfully re-integrate into the society. Although they have a constitutional right to health care access through the Eight Amendment, little is known of the health information and mental health support seeking patterns among inmates. The current study examined factors associated with the amount of health information accessed, and participation in mental health support groups in US prisons. Data (N= 645) from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (2014) were analyzed using linear and logistic regressions. Sample weights were applied in the analyses. Results show statistically significant relationships between amount of health information acquired and age (66 years and above), race, health-status, readiness to learn, literacy skill, and numeracy skill. Social trust moderated the effect of education on the odds of participating in mental health support groups. Also, gender, work duration, attending substance abuse support and life skills groups were significant predictors. Our study may provide insight for stakeholders (e.g., policymakers, clinicians, social workers, and wardens, etc.) working in partnership to deliver a more tailored health interventions for inmates, by highlighting key contextual issues predicting mental health and well-being within prison settings.

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Ratkalkar, Mina, and Cassandra A. Atkin-Plunk. "Can I Ask for Help? The Relationship Among Incarcerated Males’ Sexual Orientation, Sexual Abuse History, and Perceptions of Rape in Prison." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 19-20 (2017): 4117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517714440.

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In 2003, Congress passed the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA). Although subsequent research to PREA has shed light on the prevalence and incidence of sexual violence in American prisons, few studies examine inmates’ perceptions of rape and safety from rape in prison. Even less is known about how inmates’ perceptions of rape influence mental health treatment–seeking behavior during incarceration. Using a sample of incarcerated men, this study adds to the limited body of research by examining the perceived fear of rape and mental health treatment–seeking behavior in two vulnerable prison populations—gay and bisexual inmates and inmates with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Compared with straight inmates, gay and bisexual inmates were approximately two times more likely to perceive that rape was a threat and three times more likely to voluntarily request mental health treatment in prison. Inmates with a history of childhood sexual abuse were over twice as likely to perceive the threat of rape and nearly four times more likely to request mental health treatment than inmates who did not report a history of childhood sexual abuse. Policy, practice implications, and recommendations for future research are discussed.

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Tesu-Rollier, Doïna D., and Mareike Wolf-Fédida. "Mental Health in Prison: Prevention from Suicide." Psychology 05, no. 13 (2014): 1583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.513169.

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Asuni, T. "Mental Health in Prison-The African Perspective." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 30, no. 1 (1986): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x8603000103.

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Samele, Chiara, Norman Urquía, Karen Slade, and Andrew Forrester. "Information pathways into prison mental health care." Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 28, no. 4 (2017): 548–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2017.1308538.

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Gulland, Anne. "Prison inspector's report slates mental health provision." BMJ 335, no. 7626 (2007): 902.2–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39381.445150.db.

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Daly, Rich. "Prison Mental Health Crisis Continues to Grow." Psychiatric News 41, no. 20 (2006): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.41.20.0001.

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East, Adrian. "Prison mental health care in Northern Ireland." Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 28, no. 3 (2018): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2080.

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Toch, Hans. "SOME RUMINATIONS ABOUT PRISON MENTAL HEALTH WORK." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 22, no. 1-2 (1995): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v22n01_02.

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Garman, Gavin, Wendy Weijts, Frans Douw, Rob Keukens, Algimantas Liausedas, and Robert van Voren. "Reforming prison mental health services in Ukraine." Forensic Science International: Mind and Law 1 (November 2020): 100011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2020.100011.

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Farrier, Alan, Michelle Baybutt, and Mark Dooris. "Mental health and wellbeing benefits from a prisons horticultural programme." International Journal of Prisoner Health 15, no. 1 (2019): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-11-2017-0055.

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Purpose In the context of current prison safety and reform, the purpose of this paper is to discuss findings of an impact evaluation of a horticultural programme delivered in 12 prisons in North West England. Design/methodology/approach The programme was evaluated using quantitative and qualitative methods, including Green Gym© questionnaires, the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) and Biographic-Narrative Interpretive Method interviews. Findings Against a backdrop of high rates of suicide, self-harm and poor mental health, the horticultural programme studied proved beneficial to prisoner participants, the most marked effect was on mental health and wellbeing. In addition to data related to the original mental health outcome indicators, the study revealed multiple layers of “added value” related to mental health arising from horticultural work in a prison setting. Research limitations/implications The main research limitations were the limited completion of follow-on questionnaires due to prisoners being released and the inability to conduct longitudinal data collection post-release. There was also concern about response bias and lack of resource to compare with the experience of prisoners not participating in the programme. Social implications Positive impacts on prisoners’ mental health and wellbeing included increased confidence, social interactions with staff and other prisoners and gaining skills and qualifications and work experience, increasing potential for post-release employment. Originality/value Benefits of horticulture work on health are well established. However, to date, there is little research concerning the effects this work may have on mental wellbeing of prisoners both within prisons and more so upon their release back into the community.

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Jewkes, Yvonne, Dominique Moran, and Jennifer Turner. "Just add water: Prisons, therapeutic landscapes and healthy blue space." Criminology & Criminal Justice 20, no. 4 (2019): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895819828800.

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‘Healthy prisons’ is a well-established concept in criminology and prison studies. As a guiding principle to prisoners’ quality of life, it goes back to the 18th century when prison reformer John Howard regarded the improvement of ventilation and hygiene as being essential in the quest for religious penitence and moral reform. In more recent, times, the notion of the ‘healthy prison’ has been more commonly associated with that which is ‘just’ and ‘decent’, rather than what is healthy in a medical or therapeutic sense. This article interrogates the ‘healthy prison’ more literally. Drawing on data gathered from a UK prison located on a seashore, our aim is to explore prisoners’ rational and visceral responses to water in a setting where the very nature of enforced residence can have negative effects on mental health. In expanding the possibilities for the theorization of the health benefits that waterscapes may generate, and moving the discussion from healthy ‘green space’ to healthy ‘blue space’, the article reveals some of the less well-known and under-researched interconnections between therapeutic and carceral geographies, and criminological studies of imprisonment.

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Perrett, S., E. Plugge, P. Conaglen, E. O’Moore, and S. Sturup-Toft. "The Five Nations model for prison health surveillance: lessons from practice across the UK and Republic of Ireland." Journal of Public Health 42, no. 4 (2019): e561-e572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdz122.

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ABSTRACT Background Prison populations experience an increased burden of physical, mental and social health needs compared to the community, further impacted by the prison environment. Surveillance systems to monitor health and well-being trends in prisons are lacking, presenting a challenge to services planners, and policy makers who often lack evidence to inform decisions. Method The Five Nations Health and Justice Collaboration, a body of experts on prison health across the UK and Republic of Ireland (ROI), met to share and discuss challenges and opportunities to developing robust prison health surveillance systems that could inform local provision, guide national policy and enable cross-border comparisons. Results Challenges to robust prison health surveillance systems were shared across the UK and ROI. Methods of surveillance differed across nations and included performance indicators and outcome measures as part of local or national programs. All nations had strong public health infectious disease notification systems. Conclusions The Five Nations Health and Justice Collaboration is proposing a new model for prison health surveillance, based on established guidelines for public health surveillance but with additional features that recognize the uniqueness of the prison environment and need for a whole prison approach, built on collaboration and sharing of data between health and justice sectors.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mental health in prison'

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