Journal articles: 'Mental health – Tanzania'

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Kempinski, Ralph. "Mental health and primary health care in Tanzania." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 83, S364 (May 1991): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03091.x.

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Whyte, Susan Reynolds. "Attitudes towards mental health problems in Tanzania." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 83, S364 (May 1991): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03089.x.

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Whyte, Susan Reynolds. "Family experiences with mental health problems in Tanzania." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 83, S364 (May 1991): 77–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03090.x.

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Ngungu, Jedrin, and Julian Beezhold. "Mental health in Zambia - challenges and way forward." International Psychiatry 6, no. 2 (April 2009): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600000424.

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Zambia, previously called Northern Rhodesia, was a colony of Great Britain until 1964, when it gained independence and changed its name. It is a landlocked country located in southern Africa and shares its borders with Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, Congo and Angola. It has an area of 752 612 km2, about three times the size of Britain, but a population of only 12 million.

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Kauye, Felix. "Management of mental health services in Malawi." International Psychiatry 5, no. 2 (April 2008): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005531.

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Malawi is a country in sub-Saharan Africa bordering Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia. It has an area of approximately 118000 km2 and is divided into northern, central and southern regions. It has an estimated population of 13 million, 47% of whom are under 15 years of age and just 5% over 60 years. Its economy is largely based on agriculture, with tobacco being the main export. The projected growth in gross domestic product (GDP) for 2007 was 8.8%; GDP per capita was $284 per annum.

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Knettel, Brandon A., Janvier Rugira, and Joseph A. Cornett. "Mental Health Diagnostic Frameworks, Imputed Causes of Mental Illness, and Alternative Treatments in Northern Tanzania: Exploring Mental Health Providers’ Perspectives." Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 42, no. 3 (February 1, 2018): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-018-9565-z.

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Stone, Lydia, and Fiona Warren. "Cognitive behaviour therapy training in a developing country: a pilot study in Tanzania." Cognitive Behaviour Therapist 4, no. 4 (December 2011): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1754470x11000080.

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Abstract:Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective in treating mental health problems in the UK, but little has been done to evaluate the potential of CBT in developing countries. This paper aims to discuss the development and implementation of a CBT training course for clinicians working in Tanzania's main psychiatric hospital in the capital city, Dodoma. A 12-session training course in CBT was delivered to nine clinicians. An outcome evaluation was conducted using multiple measures and methods, taken before and after the training. Information on cultural adaptations of the training was obtained. All participants completed the course, but there were several obstacles to full completion of the evaluation measures. Despite this, there were significant improvements in clinicians’ basic understanding of CBT concepts, and their ability to apply the CBT model to formulate and recommend treatment strategies in response to a clinical case. Qualitative information indicated the potential of developing CBT training and implementation further. As a pilot study, this investigation shows the promise that CBT holds for mental health services in Tanzania. Further research into the training and clinical effectiveness of CBT in Tanzania is indicated.

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On'okoko, Michel Okitapoy, Ilyas Mirza, and Rachel Jenkins. "Community mental health provision in Pemba Island, Zanzibar: a cross-sectional survey of different stakeholder groups." International Psychiatry 7, no. 2 (April 2010): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005749.

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There is limited information about stakeholder perceptions of health service provision in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 821 stakeholders of the community mental health services in Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. The aim was to obtain systematic information about coverage, barriers, accountability and room for improvement as a baseline before implementation of a new mental health policy to strengthen mental health services.

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Mwansisya, Tumbwene Elieza, Anne H. Outwater, and Zhening Liu. "Perceived barriers on utilization of mental health services among adults in Dodoma Municipality – Tanzania." Journal of Public Mental Health 14, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-09-2012-0008.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine perceived barriers to utilization of mental health services among adults in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania. To improve the use of mental health services, identifying related perceived barriers is a key step. Design/methodology/approach – A concurrent mixed method model was used. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews (n=152) using a structured survey questionnaire. In addition in-depth interviews were conducted (n=10). The quantitative data were analyzed by using Epi info version 2002. Content analysis was used for analyzing qualitative data. Findings – The majority of respondents opted to use modern mental health facilities for mental illness treatment. They also used spiritual healing and other forms traditional methods including herbal medicines. The most frequently identified causes of mental illness were: drug abuse, being cursed and witchcraft, demons or evil spirit possession. The reported significant perceived barriers were stigma, economic, lack of transport, witchcraft, lack of awareness of mental health services, unemployment, and negative believes about professional cure. Originality/value – The option for mental health service utilization is influenced by the existing barriers on community and clients’ perception. There is a need for mental health professionals and policy makers to integrate mental health into primary care. Mutual sharing of knowledge between mental health professionals and tradition healers is warranted. Further research on the attitudes toward mental health professional services and on effectiveness of traditional healers’ services is indicated.

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Lekei, Elikana, Aiwerasia V. Ngowi, and Leslie London. "Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Children: Hospital Review in Selected Hospitals of Tanzania." Journal of Toxicology 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4208405.

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Background. Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is a serious problem worldwide. Because the burden of childhood APP is unknown in Tanzania, this study describes the distribution, circumstances, and patterns of APP involving children under 18 years in Tanzania. Methodology. A 12-month prospective study was conducted in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities in 2006 using a data collection tool for surveillance. Results. Of 53 childhood poisoning cases identified, 56.6% were female. The most common poisoning circumstances were accidents (49.1%) and suicide (30.2%). The most vulnerable children were 16-17 years old (30.2%). Suicide was significantly more common in females (PRR females/males = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.03–2.68) and accidental cases were more common in children aged 10 years or younger. Suicide was concentrated in children over 10 years, comprising 53% of cases in this age group. Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, and endosulfan were common amongst reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence rate was 1.61/100,000. Conclusion. APP is common among children in this region of Tanzania. Prevention of suicide in older children should address mental health issues and control access to toxic pesticides. Prevention of accidents in younger children requires safer storage and hygiene measures. Diverse interventions are needed to reduce pesticide poisoning among children in Tanzania.

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Malambo, Holden, and Chitinti Hachombwa. "A STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH ON RESILIENCE AND HAPPINESS." Global Journal of Psychology 1, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/gjp.v1i1.76.

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The objective of the present scholarly work was to test the relationship between mental health, resilience, and happiness among the high school students. The study was conducted in a private school student from Tanzania. The sampling was based on random sampling technique. The design of the study is survey based cross-sectional research design. The correlation results show that mental health, happiness, and resilience are positively associated. The findings lead to the conclusion that if an individual possess sound mental health, so his/her resilience will be improved and he/she will be in better position to adjust in different situations.

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Bujiku, Robert Renatus, Mpawenimana Abdallah Saidi, Neilson Ilan Mersat, and Arnold Puyok. "Inter-Party Defection: Does Tanzania Need Anti-Defection Law?" International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 02 (February 13, 2020): 4282–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i2/pr200750.

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Bujiku, Robert Renatus, Mpawenimana Abdallah Saidi, Neilson Ilan Mersat, and Arnold Puyok. "Inter-Party Defection: Does Tanzania Need Anti-Defection Law?" International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 03 (February 18, 2020): 1570–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i3/pr200906.

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14

Kilonzo, G. P., and N. Simmons. "Development of mental health services in Tanzania: A reappraisal for the future." Social Science & Medicine 47, no. 4 (August 1998): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(97)10127-7.

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Kutcher, Stanley, Yifeng Wei, Heather Gilberds, Adena Brown, Omary Ubuguyu, Tasiana Njau, Norman Sabuni, Ayoub Magimba, and Kevin Perkins. "The African Guide: One Year Impact and Outcomes from the Implementation of a School Mental Health Literacy Curriculum Resource in Tanzania." Journal of Education and Training Studies 5, no. 4 (March 3, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i4.2049.

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little research is available. Schools are an ideal location in which to address mental health literacy. A Canadian school-based mental health literacy resource was adapted for application in sub-Saharan Africa called the African Guide (AG). The AG is a classroom ready curriculum resource addressing all aspects of mental health literacy. Herein we provide teacher reported activity impacts and MHL outcomes from the implementation of the AG in Tanzania. Following training, survey data addressing teacher reported AG impact and MHL outcomes was collected at three time points over a one year period. Over a period of one year, 32 teachers from 29 different schools reported that over: 4,600 students were taught MHL; 150 peer teachers were trained on the AG; 390 students approached teachers with a mental health concern; 450 students were referred to previously trained community care providers for diagnosis and treatment of Depression; and most students were considered to have demonstrated improved or very much improved knowledge, attitudes and help-seeking efficacy, with similar outcomes reported for teachers. Results of this study demonstrate a substantial positive impact on MHL related activities and outcomes for both students and teachers using the AG resource in Tanzania. Taken together with previously published research on enhancing MHL in both Malawi and Tanzania, if replicated in another setting, these results will provide additional support for the scale up of this intervention across sub-Saharan Africa.

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Ngoma, Mdimu Charua, Martin Prince, and Anthony Mann. "Common mental disorders among those attending primary health clinics and traditional healers in urban Tanzania." British Journal of Psychiatry 183, no. 4 (October 2003): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.183.4.349.

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BackgroundTraditional healers provide a popular and accessible service across the African continent. Little is known of the characteristics or mental health status of those using these services.AimsTo determine and compare the prevalence of common mental disorder among, and the characteristics of, those attending primary health care clinics (PHCs) and traditional healer centres (THCs) in Dar-es-Salaam.MethodThe Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised was used to determine the prevalence of mental disorders in 178 patients from PHCs and 176 from THCs, aged 16–65 years.ResultsThe prevalence of common mental disorders among THC patients (48%) was double that of PHC patients (24%). Being older, Christian, better educated, and divorced, separated or widowed were independently associated with THC attendance. None of these factors explained the excess of mental disorder among THC attenders.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of mental disorders among THC attenders may reflect the failure of primary health care services adequately to detect and treat these common and disabling disorders. Traditional healers should be involved in planning comprehensive mental health care.

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Tandi Lwoga, Edda, and Neema Florence Mosha. "Information seeking behaviour of parents and caregivers of children with mental illness in Tanzania." Library Review 62, no. 8/9 (November 25, 2013): 567–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-10-2012-0116.

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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to assess information needs and information seeking behaviour of parents and caregivers of children with mental illness at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) in Tanzania. The study mainly assessed the information needs of parents and caregivers of children with mental illness, their preferable sources of health information, and their constraints on information seeking. Design/methodology/approach – This study used a case study research design, where 168 structured questionnaires were distributed to parents and caregivers of children with mental illness at the Neurological Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic of KCMC. The rate of response was 89.3 per cent. Findings – The study found that health information needs of parents and caregivers were mainly associated with health care (for example, nutrition, treatment) and health education. Parents and caregivers of children with mental illness used the internet as the main source of information about their children's health, which was followed by printed books and television. Health information seeking behaviour appeared similar across gender categories, but there were differences on the use of print and electronic information sources according to age and level of education. The main factors that hindered access to health information included low level of education, lack of funds and health information illiteracy. Practical implications – The paper provides useful suggestions that would facilitate information seeking and use among parents and caregivers of children with mental illness in Tanzania and other countries with similar conditions. Originality/value – Previous studies on the topic are scanty and, therefore, the paper provides important insights into the information needs and information seeking behaviour of parents and caregivers of children with mental illness in a developing country setting.

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Dow, Dorothy E., Elizabeth L. Turner, Aisa M. Shayo, Blandina Mmbaga, Coleen K. Cunningham, and Karen O'Donnell. "Evaluating mental health difficulties and associated outcomes among HIV-positive adolescents in Tanzania." AIDS Care 28, no. 7 (February 3, 2016): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1139043.

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Bloch, Maurice. "Treatment of psychiatric patients in Tanzania." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 83, S364 (May 1991): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03092.x.

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Aggarwal, Sahil, David Ju, Angela M. Allen, Laura A. Rose, Karam P. Gill, S. Aricia Shen, Jamie E. Temko, et al. "Regional differences in vision health: findings from Mwanza, Tanzania." International Health 10, no. 6 (July 17, 2018): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihy046.

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Abstract Background Visual impairment in developing countries has both social and economic impact on individuals and communities. Understanding the subjective visual functioning of populations will allow for local policymakers to identify the need for optometric or ophthalmic services in their communities. Methods The authors surveyed 644 adult patients in Mwanza, Tanzania at three clinics (Buzuruga, Mwananchi and Kisesa) using a modified Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25. Responses were categorized into General health, General vision, Ocular pain, Near activities, Distance activities, Social function, Mental health, Role difficulties, Color vision, Peripheral vision and Dependency. Results Patients at Buzuruga reported the lowest scores on most subscales. Of 100 employed patients, 37% claimed to have at least some difficulty in performing job duties due to their eyesight. At Kisesa, 146 (246/221) patients (66.1%) had never had an eye exam, compared with 134/227 (59.0%) at Buzuruga and 69/173 (39.9%) at Mwananchi (p<0.01). Common reasons for not seeing an eye doctor were the perceived expense and lack of vision problems. Conclusions Due to regional differences in visual functioning in Mwanza, a national effort for vision health cannot be entirely successful without addressing the individualized needs of local communities. Reducing the cost of vision care appointments may expand vision health care utilization in Mwanza.

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Myers, Neely, Luca Pauselli, and Michael Compton. "T161. HEARING VOICES AMONG INDIGENOUS MAASAI WOMEN IN TANZANIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL MENTAL HEALTH." Schizophrenia Bulletin 44, suppl_1 (April 1, 2018): S178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby016.437.

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Dorsey, Shannon, Leah Lucid, Laura Murray, Paul Bolton, Dafrosa Itemba, Rachel Manongi, and Kathryn Whetten. "A Qualitative Study of Mental Health Problems Among Orphaned Children and Adolescents in Tanzania." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 203, no. 11 (November 2015): 864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0000000000000388.

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Vissoci, João Ricardo Nickenig, Joan Kwesigabo, Green Geffrey, Mark Mvungi, and Catherine Staton. "685 Understanding mental health symptoms suffered by traumatic brain injury patients in Moshi, Tanzania." Injury Prevention 22, Suppl 2 (September 2016): A246.1—A246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042156.685.

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Watt, Melissa H., Sarah M. Wilson, Kathleen J. Sikkema, Jennifer Velloza, Mary V. Mosha, Gileard G. Masenga, Margaret Bangser, Andrew Browning, and Pilli M. Nyindo. "Development of an intervention to improve mental health for obstetric fistula patients in Tanzania." Evaluation and Program Planning 50 (June 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.01.007.

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Watt, M., S. Wilson, K. Sikkema, J. Velloza, M. Mosha, and G. Masenga. "Development of an intervention to improve mental health for obstetric fistula patients in Tanzania." Annals of Global Health 81, no. 1 (March 12, 2015): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.993.

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Tomita, Andrew, Germana H. Leyna, Hae-Young Kim, Yoshan Moodley, Emmanuel Mpolya, Polycarp Mogeni, Diego F. Cuadros, et al. "Patterns of multimorbidity and their association with hospitalisation: a population-based study of older adults in urban Tanzania." Age and Ageing 50, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 1349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab046.

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Abstract Background while the HIV epidemic remains a considerable challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, a dramatic reduction in the associated mortality has led to a fundamental shift in the public health priorities aimed at tackling multimorbidity. Against the unprecedented level of urbanisation taking place in Tanzania, the burden of multimorbidity and its consequences among ageing adults, in the form of costly inpatient hospitalisation, remain unquantified. Methods we used data from one of Africa’s largest urban population cohort, the Dar es Salaam Health and the Demographic Surveillance System, to quantity the extent of multimorbidity (occurrence of 2 ≥ health conditions) and discordant multimorbidity (occurrence of conditions in 2 ≥ domains in mental health, non-communicable and communicable health) among 2,299 adults aged ≥40 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We fitted logistic regression models to investigate the association between multimorbidity and inpatient hospitalisation. Results the prevalence of multimorbidity and discordant multimorbidity were 25.3 and 2.5%, respectively. Although the severe forms of multimorbidity (2.0% with ≥4 health conditions) and discordancy were low, hospitalisation was significantly higher based on the regression analyses. Household food insecurity was the only socio-economic variable that was significantly and consistently associated with a greater hospitalisation. Conclusion we found an alarmingly high degree of multimorbidity among this ageing urban population where hospitalisation was driven by multimorbidity. As public health resources remain scarce, reducing costly inpatient hospitalisation requires multilevel interventions that address clinical- and structural-level challenges (e.g. food insecurity) to mitigate multimorbidity and promote long-term healthy independent living among older adults in Tanzania.

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Hermenau, Katharin, Tobias Hecker, Thomas Elbert, and Martina Ruf-Leuschner. "MALTREATMENT AND MENTAL HEALTH IN INSTITUTIONAL CARE-COMPARING EARLY AND LATE INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN IN TANZANIA." Infant Mental Health Journal 35, no. 2 (January 28, 2014): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21440.

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Alidina, Z., M. Pattinson, and F. Yusuf. "From well-meaning to well being: bridging the gap in mental health awareness in Tanzania." Annals of Global Health 82, no. 3 (August 20, 2016): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.122.

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Decaro, Jason A., Mange Manyama, and Warren Wilson. "Household-level predictors of maternal mental health and systemic inflammation among infants in Mwanza, Tanzania." American Journal of Human Biology 28, no. 4 (November 23, 2015): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22807.

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Lyatuu, Isaac, Georg Loss, Andrea Farnham, Goodluck W. Lyatuu, Günther Fink, and Mirko S. Winkler. "Associations between Natural Resource Extraction and Incidence of Acute and Chronic Health Conditions: Evidence from Tanzania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 6052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116052.

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Natural resource extraction projects are often accompanied by complex environmental and social-ecological changes. In this paper, we evaluated the association between commodity extraction and the incidence of diseases. We retrieved council (district)-level outpatient data from all public and private health facilities from the District Health Information System (DHIS2). We combined this information with population data from the 2012 national population census and a geocoded list of resource extraction projects from the Geological Survey of Tanzania (GST). We used Poisson regression with random effects and cluster-robust standard errors to estimate the district-level associations between the presence of three types of commodity extraction (metals, gemstone, and construction materials) and the total number of patients in each disease category in each year. Metal extraction was associated with reduced incidence of several diseases, including chronic diseases (IRR = 0.61, CI: 0.47–0.80), mental health disorders (IRR = 0.66, CI: 0.47–0.92), and undernutrition (IRR = 0.69, CI: 0.55–0.88). Extraction of construction materials was associated with an increased incidence of chronic diseases (IRR = 1.47, CI: 1.15–1.87). This study found that the presence of natural resources commodity extraction is significantly associated with changes in disease-specific patient volumes reported in Tanzania’s DHIS2. These associations differed substantially between commodities, with the most protective effects shown from metal extraction.

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Iseselo, Masunga K., and Joel Seme Ambikile. "Promoting Recovery in Mental Illness: The Perspectives of Patients, Caregivers, and Community Members in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Psychiatry Journal 2020 (June 8, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3607414.

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Background. Promoting mental health and care in the community setting leads to the recovery of patients with mental illness. Although recovery in mental health is a complex phenomenon, caregivers and community members have important roles to play in the recovery process for patients with mental illness. Little is documented on how recovery is promoted in the community setting. This study explored the experience of patients, caregivers, and community members on how recovery can be realized in a patient with severe mental illness in Dar es Salaam. Methods. We conducted four focus group discussions (FGDs): two with caregivers and the other two with community members. Also, six in-depth interviews were held with patients with mental illness. Participants were purposively selected based on the type of information needed. Both FGD and in-depth interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data. Findings. Four themes emerged from this study, which include promoting patients’ participation in household activities, improving patients’ support system, promoting patients’ self-care management, and providing safety and protection among patients with mental illness. However, financial, psychological, and establishing care and support centers and professional supports emerged as subthemes from patients’ support system. Conclusion. Caregivers and community members are significant stakeholders for promoting recovery for people with mental illness. The current study reveals that patients’ involvement in home activities, promoting self-care management, improving patients’ support systems, and providing safety and protection are important factors that promote recovery for people with mental illness. Advocating mental health awareness for caregivers and community members will bridge the gap to enhance the recovery for people with mental illness. Further research is needed in this area to explore the health care providers’ perspectives on the recovery process of mental illness in the hospital setting.

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Mbatia, Joseph, and Rachel Jenkins. "Development of a Mental Health Policy and System in Tanzania: An Integrated Approach to Achieve Equity." Psychiatric Services 61, no. 10 (October 2010): 1028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.2010.61.10.1028.

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Ramaiya, Megan K., Kristen A. Sullivan, Karen O' Donnell, Coleen K. Cunningham, Aisa M. Shayo, Blandina T. Mmbaga, and Dorothy E. Dow. "A Qualitative Exploration of the Mental Health and Psychosocial Contexts of HIV-Positive Adolescents in Tanzania." PLOS ONE 11, no. 11 (November 16, 2016): e0165936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165936.

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Kerrigan, Deanna, Tahilin Sanchez Karver, Clare Barrington, Yeycy Donastorg, Martha Perez, Hoisex Gomez, Jessie Mbwambo, et al. "Mindfulness, Mental Health and HIV Outcomes Among Female Sex Workers in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania." AIDS and Behavior 25, no. 9 (January 28, 2021): 2941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03168-1.

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Nyundo, Azan A., David Z. Munisi, and Ainory P. Gesase. "Prevalence and Correlates of Intestinal Parasites among Patients Admitted to Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania." Journal of Parasitology Research 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5651717.

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Background. Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility.Method. The study followed cross-sectional design; all the residing patients that met the inclusion criteria were included in the survey. Stool samples were collected and examined by direct wet preparation and formol-ether concentration. Data were analyzed with STATA version 12.1; Chi-square test was computed to determine the level of significance atpvalue < 0.05.Results.Of all 233 patients who returned the stool samples, 29 (12.45%) screened were positive for an intestinal parasite. There was no significant association between parasite carriage and age, sex, or duration of hospital stay.Conclusion. The study shows that intestinal parasitic infection is common among patients in a psychiatric facility and highlights that parasitic infections that enter through skin penetration may be a more common mode of transmission than the oral route. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for surveillance and intervention programs to control and manage these infections.

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Henley, Robert, Kate McAlpine, Mario Mueller, and Stefan Vetter. "Does school attendance reduce the risk of youth homelessness in Tanzania?" International Journal of Mental Health Systems 4, no. 1 (2010): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-4-28.

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Kaaya, Sylvia F., Bandy Lee, Jessie K. Mbwambo, Mary C. Smith-Fawzi, and Melkizedek T. Leshabari. "Detecting Depressive Disorder With a 19-Item Local Instrument in Tanzania." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 54, no. 1 (January 2008): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764006075024.

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Paddick, Stella-Maria, Anna Longdon, Aloyce Kisoli, William K. Gray, Catherine L. Dotchin, Ahmed Jusabani, Ahmed Iqbal, et al. "The Prevalence of Dementia Subtypes in Rural Tanzania." American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 22, no. 12 (December 2014): 1613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2014.02.004.

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Daniel, Monica, Bernard Njau, Chauka Mtuya, Elialilia Okelo, and Declare Mushi. "Perceptions of Mental Disorders and Help-Seeking Behaviour for Mental Health Care Within the Maasai Community of Northern Tanzania: An Exploratory Qualitative Study." East African Health Research Journal 2, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24248/eahrj.v2i2.572.

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Kisanga, Onesmo A., Francis F. Furia, Paschal J. Ruggajo, and Eden E. Maro. "Renal transplantation and quality of life in Tanzania." Tanzania Medical Journal 31, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tmj.v31i1.324.

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Background: Renal replacement therapy (RRT), which includes dialysis and kidney transplantation, is the treatment of choice for patients with end stage renal failure (ESRF). Most sub-Saharan African countries have not developed renal transplantation services and are relying on referring patients to overseas countries. This study was carried out to describe renal transplantation experience in Tanzania.Methods: Forty-four renal transplant recipients were recruited in this study. Standardized questionnaire and Swahili version of standard form – 36 (SF-36) were used to collect socio-demographic information, clinical data, laboratory test results and health related quality of life information.Results: Ages of transplant recipient ranged from 21 to 66 years with mean age of 45.9 ± 10.5 years. The leading causes of end stage renal failure among participants was hypertension 58.8% (25/44) followed by glomerulonephritis 15.9% (7/44). Twentyeight (63.6%) of transplantations were paid by the government. Most of the donors (97.7%) were living out of which 26 (59.1%) were siblings and 11 (25%) were second-degree relatives (cousins and nephews). Most common complication noted following transplantation was diabetes mellitus 9 (20.5%) and 3 (6.8%) had chronic rejection. Mental health was the domain with highest mean score (75.6 ± 14.3) and role physical had the least mean score (44 ± 45.6).Conclusions: Hypertension was the leading cause of ESRF in this study. Most of the donors were siblings and the costs of transplantation were largely covered by the government. There is a need for concerted effort to establish local kidney transplantation services in Tanzania. Keywords: Renal transplantation, quality of life in transplantation, Tanzania.

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Mahenge, Bathsheba, Heidi Stöckl, Samuel Likindikoki, Sylvia Kaaya, and Jessie Mbwambo. "The prevalence of mental health morbidity and its associated factors among women attending a prenatal clinic in Tanzania." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 130, no. 3 (June 10, 2015): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.032.

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Aon, Maha, Harold Sungusia, Marie Brasholt, Brenda Van Den Bergh, and Jens Modvig. "Voices of torture survivors in Tanzania: A qualitative study." Torture Journal 28, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v28i3.111199.

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Introduction: No published research has been found on torture in Tanzania, but individual cases were documented by human rights organisations. The aim of this study was to explore the salient physical, mental and social effects of torture in the country, and help-seeking behaviour by giving voice to a group of torture survivors in Dar-es-Salaam and Zanzibar City (Zanzibar). Methods: This explorative qualitative study consisted of 14 semi-structured in-depth interviews (12 males, 2 females) of which eight took place in Dar-es-Salaam and six in Zanzibar. Informants were selected purposefully through a mix of snowball and convenience sampling. Both the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) were followed. Results: Using the UNCAT definition of torture, all informants reported having been tortured within the past two years. The most common form of torture was beating with clubs to the joints. Other torture included, but was not limited to, gun shot, toenail removal and ‘poulet roti’. The most common physical consequence was persistent pain. Psychological consequences included suicidal ideation and sleep problems. Most interviewees lost their jobs as a result of the torture incident, instigating a cascade of financial and social problems. Conclusion: The findings present informants’ exposure to deliberate torture at the hands of public authorities. Informants confirmed their exposure to torture methods that had been previously reported by nongovernmental organisations. They also talked about exposure to more advanced, and previously undocumented, torture methods. Informants displayed a dire need for mental and physical health care, but had limited access to such care. Research is needed to better understand the magnitude, prevalence and context of torture in Tanzania.

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McCurdy, Sheryl A., Michael W. Ross, Mark L. Williams, Gad P. Kilonzo, and Melkizedek T. Leshabari. "Flashblood: blood sharing among female injecting drug users in Tanzania." Addiction 105, no. 6 (March 12, 2010): 1062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02908.x.

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Dotchin, C. L., and R. W. Walker. "The prevalence of essential tremor in rural northern Tanzania." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 79, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 1107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2007.134304.

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Smith Fawzi, Mary C., Fileuka Ngakongwa, Yuanyuan Liu, Theonest Rutayuga, Hellen Siril, Magreat Somba, and Sylvia F. Kaaya. "Validating the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening of depression in Tanzania." Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research 31 (February 2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2018.11.002.

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Adams, Julie L., Maria L. G. Almond, Edward J. Ringo, Wahida H. Shangali, and Kathleen J. Sikkema. "Feasibility of Nurse-Led Antidepressant Medication Management of Depression in an HIV Clinic in Tanzania." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 43, no. 2 (February 2012): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pm.43.2.a.

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Objective: Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest HIV prevalence worldwide and depression is highly prevalent among those infected. The negative impact of depression on HIV outcomes highlights the need to identify and treat it in this population. A model for doing this in lower-resourced settings involves task-shifting depression treatment to primary care; however, HIV-infected individuals are often treated in a parallel HIV specialty setting. We adapted a model of task-shifting, measurement-based care (MBC), for an HIV clinic setting and tested its feasibility in Tanzania. MBC involves measuring depressive symptoms at meaningful intervals and adjusting antidepressant medication treatment based on the measure of illness. Method: Twenty adults presenting for care at an outpatient HIV clinic in Tanzania were enrolled and followed by a nurse care manager who measured depressive symptoms at baseline and every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. An algorithm-based decision-support tool was utilized by the care manager to recommend individualized antidepressant medication doses to participants' HIV providers at each visit. Results: Retention was high and fidelity of the care manager to the MBC protocol was exceptional. Follow through of antidepressant prescription dosing recommendations by the prescriber was low. Limited availability of antidepressants was also noted. Despite challenges, baseline depression scores decreased over the 12-week period. Conclusions: Overall, the model of algorithm-based nursing support of prescription decisions was feasible. Future studies should address implementation issues of medication supply and dosing. Further task-shifting to relatively more abundant and lower-skilled health workers, such as nurses' aides, warrants examination.

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Lewis, Emma Grace, Jessica Banks, Stella-Maria Paddick, Ashanti Duinmaijer, Laura Tucker, Aloyce Kisoli, Jane Cletus, et al. "Risk Factors for Delirium in Older Medical Inpatients in Tanzania." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 44, no. 3-4 (2017): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000479058.

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Background: The risk factors for prevalent delirium in older hospitalised adults in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remain poorly characterised. Methods: A total of 510 consecutive admissions of adults aged ≥60 years to acute medical wards of Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in northern Tanzania were recruited. Patients were assessed within 24 h of admission with a risk factor questionnaire, physiological observations, neurocognitive assessment, and informant interview. Delirium and dementia diagnoses were made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM V) and DSM IV respectively, by an expert panel. Results: Being male, current alcohol use, dementia, and physiological markers of illness severity were significant independent risk factors for delirium on multivariable analysis. Conclusions: The risk factors for prevalent delirium in older medical inpatients in SSA include pre-existing dementia, and are similar to those identified in high-income countries. Our data could help inform the development of a delirium risk stratification tool for older adults in SSA.

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Mahenge, B., S. Likindikoki, H. Stöckl, and J. Mbwambo. "Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and associated mental health symptoms among pregnant women in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 120, no. 8 (March 6, 2013): 940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12185.

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Steglitz, Jeremy, Reuben Ng, John S. Mosha, and Trace Kershaw. "Divinity and Distress: The Impact of Religion and Spirituality on the Mental Health of HIV-Positive Adults in Tanzania." AIDS and Behavior 16, no. 8 (July 15, 2012): 2392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0261-7.

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Njiro, Belinda Jackson, Harrieth Peter Ndumwa, Charles Joseph Msenga, Thomas Kawala, Ezekiel Matola, Juhudi Mhonda, Hillary Corbin, Omary Ubuguyu, and Samuel Likindikoki. "Depression, suicidality and associated risk factors among police officers in urban Tanzania: a cross-sectional study." General Psychiatry 34, no. 3 (June 2021): e100448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100448.

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BackgroundThe WHO has classified depression as a disease of public concern. Police officers are a particular subpopulation group that is at an increased risk for mental health problems. This study examined the prevalence of depression, suicidality and associated risk factors among police officers in urban Tanzania.AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of depression, suicidality and associated risk factors among police officers in Tanzania.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2019 and October 2020 among 550 participants in Dar es Salaam recruited using a multistage cluster sampling technique. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to screen for depression and suicidality. The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12 tool was used to measure perceived social support. Descriptive statistics were summarised using frequencies and percentages. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to establish associations between predictors of interest, depression and suicidality.ResultsThere were 497 participants in the study. Of these, 76.6% (376 of 491) were men, and the median (IQR) age was 37.0 (17) years. Around 19.8% (96 of 486) of the police officers screened positive for depression and 15.4% (75 of 413) for suicidality. A significant proportion was either moderately (29 of 96, 30.2%) or severely depressed (8 of 75, 10.7 %). Of those who experienced suicidal thoughts, 10.7% (8 of 75) reported having daily suicidal thoughts. Perceiving low social support was associated with an increased risk of reporting depression (adjusted OR (aOR): 28.04, 95% CI: 8.42 to 93.37, p<0.001) and suicidality (aOR: 10.85, 95% CI: 3.56 to 33.08, p<0.001) as compared with those with high perceived social support.ConclusionThe magnitude of depression and suicidality among police officers in urban Tanzania is alarmingly high. The study findings indicate the need for routine screening for depression and suicidality among police officers and design appropriate mental health responsive services in this population.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mental health – Tanzania'

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