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Journal articles on the topic 'Mental hospital patients'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Siksna, Aina, Fredrik Bengtsson, Bertil Gutmark, Astrid Levin, and Kerstin Lönnberg. "Chronic Patients in a Mental Hospital." Nordisk Psykiatrisk Tidsskrift 45, no. 2 (January 1991): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08039489109103270.

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2

Kingdon, David, Douglas Turkington, Katy Malcolm, Krystyna Szulecka, and Emmett Larkin. "Replacing the Mental Hospital." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 1 (January 1991): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.1.113.

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Eighteen long-stay patients from an old county asylum moved into hospital hostels. After 12–24 months, there were significant reductions in overall symptoms, as rated by the CPRS and the Krawiecka scale, as well as in deviant but not general behaviour, rated by the REHAB scale. Six later moved to live in supported accommodation. All relatives and patients who expressed an opinion to an independent assessor were satisfied with their present accommodation or wished to move to more independent living.

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3

Klionsky, Elaine J., Judy B. Okawa, Robert W. Holmstrom, David E. Silber, and Stephen A. Karp. "Word-Association Patterns of Mental Hospital Patients." Psychological Reports 83, no. 3_suppl (December 1998): 1419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.3f.1419.

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The present study concerned an attempt to corroborate the classic findings of Rapaport, Gill, and Schafer in distinguishing mental hospital patients from control subjects, using a new objectively scored word-association test. 12 computer-scored objective scales were used to compare groups of 101 mental hospital inpatients ( n = 75, including 37 on a prison ward) and outpatients ( n = 26) and 101 control subjects matched with the patients for sex, age, racial and ethnic status, and education. A stepwise multiple discrimination analysis of the scores on the 12 scales of the test significantly distinguished the groups. Scales weighted most highly were Masochism, Antonyms, and Aggression. Subsequent t tests suggested that control subjects scored higher on Aggression, Self-reference, and Masochism scales, whereas patients scored higher on Rejections (nonresponses to stimulus words). Of these, only Self-reference and Rejections were items identified by Rapaport, et al.

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4

KLIONSKY, ELAINE J. "WORD-ASSOCIATION PATTERNS OF MENTAL HOSPITAL PATIENTS." Psychological Reports 83, no. 7 (1998): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.83.7.1419-1424.

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5

Carotenuto, Anna, Raffaele Rea, Enea Traini, Giovanna Ricci, Angiola Maria Fasanaro, and Francesco Amenta. "Cognitive Assessment of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease by Telemedicine: Pilot Study." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 2 (May 11, 2018): e31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.8097.

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Background Approximately 46.8 million people are living with dementia worldwide and their number will grow in the next years. Any potential treatment should be administered as early as possible because it is important to provide an early cognitive assessment and to regularly monitor the mental function of patients. Information and communication technologies can be helpful to reach and follow patients without displacing them, but there may be doubts about the reliability of cognitive tests performed by telemedicine. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) tests administered in hospital by videoconference to patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Methods The tests were administered to 28 Alzheimer's disease outpatients (8 male, mean age 73.88, SD 7.45 years; 20 female mean age 76.00, SD 5.40 years) recruited and followed in the Alzheimer’s Unit of the A Cardarelli National Hospital (Naples, Italy) at baseline and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of observation. Patients were evaluated first face-to-face by a psychologist and then, after 2 weeks, by another psychologist via videoconference in hospital. Results This study showed no differences in the MMSE and ADAS-cog scores when the tests were administered face-to-face or by videoconference, except in patients with more pronounced cognitive deficits (MMSE<17), in which the assessment via videoconference overestimated the cognitive impairment (face to face, MMSE mean 13.9, SD 4.9 and ADAS-cog mean 9.0, SD 3.8; videoconference, MMSE mean 42.8, SD 12.5 and ADAS-cog mean 56.9, SD 5.5). Conclusions We found that videoconferencing is a reliable approach to document cognitive stability or decline, and to measure treatment effects in patients with mild to moderate dementia. A more extended study is needed to confirm these results.

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6

Widyaningrum, Dyah Eka, and Ahmad Yusuf and Rr Dian Tristiana. "Nurse’s Perception about the Schizophrenic Patients CareNurse’s Perception about the Schizophrenic Patients Care in Menur Mental Hospital, East Java Province." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 02 (February 13, 2020): 4209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i2/pr200743.

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7

Maeda, Hiroshi. "The Discovery of Mental Hospital Patients: A Historical Epidemiology of Institutionalization in the American North, 1880–1920." Social Science History 40, no. 3 (2016): 463–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2016.14.

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Historians of the American mental hospital still do not firmly grasp who mental hospital patients were. Although the field's signature debate on the nature of the mental hospital as “repressive” or “humanitarian” involves the characterization of the patients —based on their demographic traits—as victims of repression or beneficiaries of humanitarianism, there has actually not been a thorough demographic analysis of the patients. This article ascertains and examines the defining characteristics of the patient population within the context of that enduring debate. It first identifies demographic groups that were more prone to institutionalization than would have been expected from their susceptibility to insanity. They symbolized the patient population in the late nineteenth century when insanity did not necessarily result in institutionalization. This article then discovers essentially the same demographic groups ended up in mental hospitals in both the hinterland and metropolitan areas of the North from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. It also finds a protective effect that marriage had against institutionalization operated in a socially conservative way. Finally, it weaves together the demographic traits of the patients deemed indicative of the mental hospital's repressiveness and the ones considered reflective of its humanitarianism into a panoptic portrayal that presents the patients as both victims and beneficiaries of the mental hospital. This article's analysis of the patients as a complex, multifaceted population helps transcend the binary framework of the debate on the nature of the mental hospital and deepen our understanding of who they were.

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8

Smith, Murray, Rian O’Regan, and Rainer Goldbeck. "Detaining patients in the general hospital – current practice and pitfalls." Scottish Medical Journal 64, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036933019836054.

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Aims Much has been written about the use of the Mental Health Act in psychiatric settings. There is, however, little written on its use to detain patients with mental disorder in general hospitals. Method and results We therefore carried out a survey of the use of the Mental Health Act in general hospital settings in Aberdeen, and also posted a questionnaire to Scottish Liaison Psychiatrists, asking about their experience of the use of the Mental Health Act in general hospitals. Over a six-month period in Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, we identified 39 detentions. Out of hours, the use of Emergency Detention Certificates was more common than use of Short Term Detention Certificates – the latter is recommended by the Mental Welfare Commission, as patients are afforded more rights. When psychiatric staff were not directly involved, procedural and administrative errors were more likely to occur. Liaison psychiatrists elsewhere in Scotland reported similar observations. Conclusion General hospital clinicians are unfamiliar with the Mental Health Act and its use. Errors in its application therefore arise, and are more common when psychiatric staff is not involved. Better education, including the provision of written information and consideration of an electronic system, may improve current practice.

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9

Primrose, David A. "Mental Handicap hospital patients and suitability for discharge." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 9, no. 8 (August 1985): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.9.8.159-a.

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10

Gelkopf, M., A. Ben-Dor, S. Abu-Zarkah, and M. Sigal. "Hospital at war: treatment changes in mental patients." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 30, no. 6 (November 1995): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00805791.

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11

Brown, Phil. "State mental hospital staff attitudes toward patients' rights." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 8, no. 4 (January 1986): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-2527(86)90054-3.

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12

Ford, M., C. Goddard, and R. Lansdall-Welfare. "The Dismantling of the Mental Hospital?" British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 4 (October 1987): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.4.479.

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Results of the sixth quinquennial survey of the resident population of Glenside Hospital, Bristol, are reported. The total population continues to fall, but the rate of decline has slowed; the implications of this are discussed. Many patients live in an emotionally impoverished state, friendless and rarely leaving the hospital. Few in-patients are employed, even within the hospital. Considerable provision is made, however, for the employment of day-patients. To effectively resettle and support in the community those currently remaining in hospital will require increasingly extensive provision.

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13

Upton, Mark W. M., G. Harm Boer, and Alastair J. Neale. "Patients or clients? – a hospital survey." Psychiatric Bulletin 18, no. 3 (March 1994): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.3.142.

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The use of the term client, rather than patient, has become frequent in psychiatric hospitals. There is little evidence to justify this change, so this study surveyed the views of the in-patients in a community based psychiatric hospital to establish the term they prefer. It concludes that a dear majority of people admitted to a psychiatric hospital think of themselves as patients, not clients.

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14

Cockburn, J. J. "Clinical decisions about patients." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 3 (March 1989): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.3.130.

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The structure of mental illness services is changing rapidly. Large hospitals are closing or preparing to close and the service will be provided in other ways, partly by smaller units, partly by increased care in the community outside hospital and partly by amalgamations of two or more large hospitals. Smaller units allow closer working relationships with GPs, social workers and other professionals.

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15

Wilkinson, Philip, and Michael Sharpe. "What happens to patients discharged by Mental Health Review Tribunals?" Psychiatric Bulletin 17, no. 6 (June 1993): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.6.337.

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Under the Mental Health Act (1983) Mental Hospital Review Tribunals act as a safeguard against unwarranted detention of patients in psychiatric hospitals. Detention, other than in special hospitals, is most commonly under section 2 (assessment order) or section 3 (treatment order) of the 1983 Act. Patients thus detained have the right to appeal to a Review Tribunal, which has the power to order their discharge.

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16

Ali, Saadia, Marshall J. Getz, and Heather Chung. "Bridging the gap for patients with mental illness." Mental Health Clinician 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2015.01.040.

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A metropolitan hospital system has developed and implemented a transition-of-care program focusing on patients with mental illnesses and high risk for hospital readmissions or emergency department visits. Currently, the transition period between care settings creates a state of vulnerability for patients and their caregivers. Poor care coordination negatively affects patient outcomes and results in a major economic burden. Patients with mental illnesses are particularly sensitive to transition-of-care issues including confusion about which medications to start and stop. This program aims to design, implement, and evaluate interventions to improve care transitions at 3 hospitals for individuals with a primary or secondary psychiatric diagnosis. In the inpatient setting, the clinical pharmacist, nurse practitioners, and social workers collaborate to identify medication-related problems. After patients are discharged from the hospital, nurse practitioners, the clinical pharmacist, and educators follow up with patients for 30 days via home health aide visits and telephone calls. Evidence-based tools and assessments are used to drive the program's interventions. From June 2014 to September 2014, 770 patients were identified as high risk. Readmissions data are pending. The patient outcomes data will fill the gap in the literature with essential information on transition-of-care issues within the mental health population. This program has implications to affect health care policy because it uses multiple evidence-based practices with the ultimate goal of decreasing economic burden for health systems and patients. New pharmacist roles in transition of care may emerge from this program.

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17

Leff, Julian. "Can We Manage Without the Mental Hospital?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 4 (August 2001): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00887.x.

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Objectives: Many developed countries, having invested massively in psychiatric hospitals in the past 150 years, are in the process of dismantling them. The central question is whether this change in the location of care from the psychiatric hospital to district-based services has benefited the patients. The objectives of this review are to examine the evidence on which an answer to the above question might be based. Method: Much of the relevant research comes from the 13-year programme of the Team for the Assessment of Psychiatric Services conducted in London, but other research will be reviewed as appropriate. Results and conclusions: Long-stay, non-demented patients, including the elderly, enjoy a better quality of life in the community homes compared with the psychiatric hospitals. Public attitudes constitute an obstacle to social integration into the healthy community, but can be ameliorated with local educational programmes. The provision of work has been unsatisfactory, but the development of social firms holds some promise. Patients with dementia receive better care in community nursing homes compared with hospital wards, according to their relatives' opinions, backed up by observational studies. The part of the service which is most unsatisfactory is the admission facilities. This is due to a variety of causes, including a failure to plan for the admission needs of discharged long-stay patients, the virtual absence of rehabilitation units in the community and an inadequate provision of a range of sheltered accommodation. However, these problems could be resolved with adequate investment in innovative facilities.

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18

Walker, Phyllis J., and Graham J. Naylor. "The quality of life of severely mentally handicapped patients in hospital." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 1 (January 1990): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.1.4.

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It is unclear how much the profound changes which have occurred in mental handicap hospitals in the last decade have improved the lot of the profoundly handicapped, since Baker & Urquhart (1987), in a national survey of Scottish Mental Handicap Hospitals, found that 45% of all hospital residents had no set occupation and that there was a relationship between occupation and ability level. Between 14% and 32% of all patients were without occupation and unable, or not allowed, to leave the ward without a member of staff.

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19

Toms, Rhinedd. "Meeting the Need—from Institutional to Community Care." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 11, no. 11 (November 1987): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0140078900018447.

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Severalls Hospital is a large psychiatric hospital, established in 1913 and originally designed for about 2000 patients. With the changes in attitudes to mental health over the last 70 years the hospital's aims and objectives have altered several times. Now, with the number of in-patients already reduced to approximately 650 and the movement to run down large hospitals such as this, preparation needs to be made for the shift to the community as the main future base for psychiatric services. Over the years the hospital has recognised the importance of preserving close links with the patient's home and has always maintained that regular activity and work is vital in the process of re-establishing patients in the community and in employment.

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20

McCrabb, Sam, Amanda L. Baker, John Attia, Zsolt J. Balogh, Natalie Lott, Kerrin Palazzi, Justine Naylor, et al. "Who is More Likely to Use the Internet for Health Behavior Change? A Cross-Sectional Survey of Internet Use Among Smokers and Nonsmokers Who Are Orthopedic Trauma Patients." JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.7435.

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Background eHealth presents opportunities to provide population groups with accessible health interventions, although knowledge about Internet access, peoples’ interest in using the Internet for health, and users’ characteristics are required prior to eHealth program development. Objective This study surveyed hospital patients to examine rates of Internet use, interest in using the Internet for health, and respondent characteristics related to Internet use and interest in using the Internet for health. For patients who smoke, preferences for types of smoking cessation programs for use at home and while in hospital were also examined. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was used to survey 819 orthopedic trauma patients (response rate: 72.61%, 819/1128) from two public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Logistic regressions were used to examine associations between variables. Results A total of 72.7% (574/790) of respondents had at least weekly Internet access and more than half (56.6%, 357/631) reported interest in using the Internet for health. Odds of at least weekly Internet usage were higher if the individual was born overseas (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.27-3.82, P=.005), had a tertiary education (OR 3.75, 95% CI 2.41-5.84, P<.001), or was a nonsmoker (OR 3.75, 95% CI 2.41-5.84, P<.001). Interest in using the Internet for health increased with high school (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.09-3.15, P=.02) or tertiary education (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.66-3.70, P<.001), and if household incomes were more than AUS $100,000 (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.25-4.97, P=.009). Older individuals were less interested in using the Internet for health (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99, P<.001). Conclusions Online interventions may be a potential tool for health care in this hospitalized population. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12614001147673; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=366829&isReview=true (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6qg26u3En)

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21

Nenadovic, Milutin. "Development of hospital treatment of persons with mental disorders." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 139, suppl. 1 (2011): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh11s1006n.

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Discordances of harmonic mental functioning are as old as the human kind. Psychopathological behaviour of an individual in the past was not treated as an illness. That means that psychopathology was not considered an illness. In all past civilizations discordance of mental harmony of an individual is interpreted from the physiological aspect. Psychopathologic expression was not considered an illness, so social attitudes about psychiatric patients in the past were non-medical and generally speaking inhuman. Hospitals did not follow development of medicine for admission of psychiatric patients in past civilizations, not even in the antique era. According to historic sources, the first hospital that was meant for mental patients only was established in the 15th century, 1409 in Valencia (Spain). Therefore mental patients were isolated in a special institution-hospital, and social community rejected them. Only in the new era psychopathological behavior begins to be treated as an illness. Therefore during the 19th century psychiatry is developed as a special branch of medicine, and mental disorder is more and more seen according to the principals of interpretation of physical illnesses. By the middle of the 19th century psychiatric hospitals are humanized, and patients are being less physically restricted. Deinstitutialisation in protection of mental health is the heritage of reforms from the beginning of the 19th century which regarded the prevention of mental health protection. It was necessary to develop institutions of the prevention of protection in the community which would primarily have social support and characteristics.

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22

Stokes, Marjorie, and Art O'Connor. "Deaths in the Central Mental Hospital." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 6, no. 2 (September 1989): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700015500.

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AbstractAll deaths occurring in the in-patient population of the Central Mental Hospital during the period 1963 to 1987 inclusive were examined. The death rate during the total period was 11.7 per 1,000 admissions. The suicide rate during the total period was 3.9 per 1,000 admissions – there had been no suicides during the most recent five year period. Although the admission rate has been rising since the mid-1970s, the death rate over the last fifteen years has remained stable.Many of the deaths prior to 1970 were in elderly long stay patients who died from natural causes. Five deaths in young patients are described separately – in two of these anticholinergic side effects of medication may have contibuted to the deaths. Seven suicides occcuring during the study period are described separately – four of these occurred in the months soon after admission.

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23

Simpson, J., E. McFarland, and GJ Calvert. "Sudden deaths of patients in a mental handicap hospital." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 7, no. 2 (September 1990): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700016682.

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AbstractOne Hundred and two sudden or traumatic deaths of mental handicap inpatients were examined retrospectively over a 28 year period. Data was obtained on each case from medical and nursing case notes and death certificates. Post-mortem results were available for half of the deaths. Cardio-vascular causes accounted for 50% of the total. Sudden deaths of profoundly handicapped patients occurred at a significantly younger age than severely, moderately or mildly handicapped patients. In the latter half of the 28 year period there was an increased incidence of traumatic deaths and sudden deaths due to asphyxia. There was also a significant increase in the mean age of sudden deaths due to epilepsy. Probable explanations for these findings are discussed. In particular, recent accidental traumatic deaths may be related to the process of increased reintegration of patients into the community; a relationship between neuroleptic and anticholingeric medication and asphyxial deaths is proposed.

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24

Spencer, Douglas A. "Moving patients within a mental handicap hospital: the practicalities." Journal of the British Institute of Mental Handicap (APEX) 13, no. 1 (August 26, 2009): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1985.tb00270.x.

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25

Khan, Asaf M., Stuart Cumella, Vallepur Krishnan, Mohamed Iqbal, John Corbett, and David Clarke. "NEW LONG-STAY PATIENTS AT A MENTAL HANDICAP HOSPITAL." Mental Handicap Research 6, no. 2 (March 25, 2010): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.1993.tb00108.x.

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26

Jones, K., M. Robinson, and M. Goughtlev. "Long-term Psychiatric Patients in the Community." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 5 (November 1986): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.5.537.

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The reduction of mental hospital populations in Britain and the United States has generated a considerable amount of literature on policy, but detailed studies of the effects on patients and the conditions under which they live after discharge are rare. In the United States, a National Institute of Mental Health review of the literature commented that “the question of what actually happens to patients who leave mental hospitals and re-enter the community is largely unanswered” (Bachrach, 1976).

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27

Chong, L. S., and P. M. Abbott. "Relocation of long-stay general psychiatric in-patients." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 01 (January 1992): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0955603600106543.

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The need for severely disabled long-stay general psychiatric in-patients to be resettled within their own districts is likely to arise increasingly as area mental hospitals close. The White Paper, Caring for People, acknowledges that some of these patients will continue to require hospital care. Transfer between hospitals might be considered a major life event for these patients, some of whom will have spent many years in the area mental hospital. Conflicting results have been found in studies of mortality rate following relocation (Morriss et al, 1988). Pryce's (1977) study with long-stay chronic schizophrenic patients and other more recent studies with new long-stay patients yielded data suggesting optimal environmental factors in keeping with Wing & Brown's (1970) observations.

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28

Swinton, Mark, and Sarah Smith. "Costs of physical health care for self-injuring patients." Psychiatric Bulletin 21, no. 9 (September 1997): 538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.21.9.538.

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Self-injury is a major clinical problem on the women's wards at Ashworth Hospital. Ashworth Hospital is one of three special hospitals within England and Wales that provides assessment, treatment and rehabilitation for those legally detained patients under the Mental Health Act (1983) who suffer from a mental disorder and require conditions of special security because of their dangerousness. There is extensive literature on the psychological aspects of serf-injury. However, since patients with self-injury present with damage to the body, it is surprising that there is little information on the physical health care and associated resource costs of this behaviour.

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29

Herman, Nancy J., and Colin M. Smith. "Mental Hospital Depopulation in Canada: Patient Perspectives." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 5 (June 1989): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400505.

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This paper reviews briefly the history of mental health depopulation in Canada over the past 30 years. The term “deinstitutionalization” is often used but is unsatisfactory. Using an exploratory, qualitative, methodological approach, data were collected on the problems encountered by a disproportionate, stratified random sample of 139 formerly institutionalized patients living in various geographical locales in Eastern Canada. Adopting a symbolic interactionist theoretical approach, this study, in an effort to fill a neglect in the literature, attempted to discover what the everyday world(s) of Canadian ex-mental patients was really like. Problems encountered related to stigma, poor housing, lack of back living skills, poverty, unemployment and aftercare. Quotations from patients are provided to illustrate such themes. The findings are discussed.

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30

Priest, R. G. "Hospital Beds for Psychiatric Patients." Psychiatric Bulletin 10, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.10.11.322.

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31

Larkin, Emmet P. "Deaf patients at Rampton Hospital." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 1 (January 1991): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.1.45-a.

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32

Arifin, Isep Zaenal, and Lilis Satriah. "Model Dakwah bi al-Irsyãd untuk Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Mental Spiritual Pasien di Rumah Sakit." Ilmu Dakwah: Academic Journal for Homiletic Studies 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/idajhs.v12i1.1908.

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This study reveals the mental spiritual needs of patients, the patterns of Islamic spiritual counselors, and the results of Islamic spiritual guidance in five hospitals namely Yarsi Hospital in Pontianak, Yarsi Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital in Padang, R. Syamsudin, SH Hospital in Sukabumi, Al-Ihsan Hospital in Baleendah, and Ujungberung Hospital, Bandung. This research formulated da'wah bi al-Irsyad model that can maintain the spiritual mental health of patients in hospital. The results of this qualitative descriptive study with the Research and Development approach showed that the spiritual mental needs of patients in hospitals included: motivation to recover and be healthy, guidance in sickness, prayer in sick condition, nadza '(sakaratul maut) and positive assistance from patient's family. From the results of the study found constructs of bi al-Irsyād da'wah models in the form of general basic services, responsive services, individual planning services and system support services. This study recommends further research to develop more feasible and applicable models and need further collaboration between related parties to formulate policies in the maintenance of the patient's mental spiritual health. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan kebutuhan mental spiritual pasien rawat inap, pola kerja pembimbing rohani Islam, dan hasil dari bimbingan rohani Islam di lima rumah sakit yaitu Rumah Sakit Umum Yarsi Pontianak, Rumah Sakit Islam Yarsi Ibnu Sina Padang, Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah R. Syamsudin, SH Kota Sukabumi, Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Al-Ihsan Baleendah, dan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ujungberung Kota Bandung. Dari penelitian ini dirumuskan model dakwah bi al-Irsyād yang dapat memelihara kesehatan mental spiritual pasien rawat inap di rumah sakit. Hasil penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan Reseach and Development ini menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan mental spiritual pasien rawat inap di rumah sakit meliputi: motivasi untuk sembuh dan sehat, bimbingan dalam keadaan sakit, salat dalam keadaan sakit, nadza’ (sakaratul maut) dan pendampingan yang positif dari keluarga pasien. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan konstruk model dakwah bi al-Irsyād berupa layanan dasar umum, layanan responsif, layanan perencanaan individual dan layanan dukungan sistem. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengembangkan model ke arah yang lebih feasible dan teruji, serta perlu kerjasama antar pihak terkait untuk merumuskan kebijakan dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan mental spiritual pasien.

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Turkington, Douglas, Emmet Larkin, and David Kingdon. "Patient and relative attitudes to mental hospital closure and transfer into a hospital hostel." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 12 (December 1990): 717–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.12.717.

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Mental hospital closure and the resultant discharge of patients with chronic psychiatric disabilities into the community has led to public concern (Wallace, 1989). Currently it would seem important to collect as much pertinent data as possible on all aspects of mental hospital closure and the resultant effects on patients and communities. This study focuses on a relatively neglected area in the research literature on community psychiatry and mental health planning, i.e. the opinions of the consumers.

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Beer, Dominic. "Measuring levels of behavioural disturbance in long stay patients." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 10 (October 1991): 598–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.10.598.

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Large mental hospitals are gradually being emptied. Patients return to the community. But often their prospective carers have little idea of what to expect when they arrive. Hospital staff often cannot give information regarding how disturbed patients might be.

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Bickle, Andy, Tarek Abdelrazek, Anne Aboaja, and Kim Page. "Audit of Statutory Urgent Treatment at a High Security Hospital." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law 1, no. 17 (September 8, 2014): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v1i17.273.

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<p>The aim of the audit which is the subject of this article was to measure the use of statutory urgent treatment at one of England’s three high security hospitals (Rampton Hospital) against the standards set out in the Code of Practice (2008) and by the Mental Health Act Commission. Rampton Hospital is a large hospital which averaged around 400 beds during the audit period and has a catchment area of approximately one third of England. The hospital accommodates patients who suffer from a wide range of mental disorders, having directorates for mental illness, learning disability, personality disorder, women and (from 2004) ‘Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder’. All patients are detained under the Mental Health Act 1983. It was submitted that the proper use of statutory urgent treatment is important to Rampton Hospital as an institution which accommodates patients presenting with the highest security needs owing to their risk to others.</p>

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Góngora Alonso, Susel, Beatriz Sainz-De-Abajo, Isabel De la Torre-Díez, and Manuel Franco-Martin. "Health Care Management Models for the Evolution of Hospitalization in Acute Inpatient Psychiatry Units: Comparative Quantitative Study." JMIR Mental Health 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): e15776. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15776.

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Background Mental health disorders are a problem that affects patients, their families, and the professionals who treat them. Hospital admissions play an important role in caring for people with these diseases due to their effect on quality of life and the high associated costs. In Spain, at the Healthcare Complex of Zamora, a new disease management model is being implemented, consisting of not admitting patients with mental diseases to the hospital. Instead, they are supervised in sheltered apartments or centers for patients with these types of disorders. Objective The main goal of this research is to evaluate the evolution of hospital days of stay of patients with mental disorders in different hospitals in a region of Spain, to analyze the impact of the new hospital management model. Methods For the development of this study, a database of patients with mental disorders was used, taking into account the acute inpatient psychiatry unit of 11 hospitals in a region of Spain. SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp), was used to calculate statistical values related to hospital days of stay of patients. The data included are from the periods of 2005-2011 and 2012-2015. Results After analyzing the results, regarding the days of stay in the different health care complexes for the period between 2005 and 2015, we observed that since 2012 at the Healthcare Complex of Zamora, the total number of days of stay were reduced by 64.69%. This trend is due to the implementation of a new hospital management model in this health complex. Conclusions With the application of a new hospital management model at the Healthcare Complex of Zamora, the number of days of stay of patients with mental diseases as well as the associated hospital costs were considerably reduced.

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Close, A. A., and E. P. Larkin. "A survey of referrals to a special hospital (Rampton Hospital)." Psychiatric Bulletin 18, no. 4 (April 1994): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.4.221.

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The three special hospitals of England and Wales are provided for patients subject to detention on account of their dangerous, violent or criminal properties. Special hospital psychiatrists cannot admit patients directly to hospital – the psychiatrist's recommendations can be overturned by a local admissions panel. A two year retrospective study in Rampton Hospital compared the outcomes of the psychiatrists' recommendations to admit or not to admit, with the decisions of the local admissions panel. There was complete agreement in over 90% of cases. This survey lends support to the view that special hospital psychiatrists could admit patients directly to hospital.

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Shawcross, Charles R., Huw Davies, and Susan Taylor. "The Effect of Community Care on Long-Stay Patients at Knowle Hospital." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 11, no. 12 (December 1987): 414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.11.12.414.

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It was in 1961 at the Annual Conference of MIND that Enoch Powell first announced that the traditional mental hospitals were to be run down. Since then it has been government policy to emphasise the value of a transfer of care from hospital to the community. Concern was soon being widely expressed at the growing gap between statements of proposed government policy and their realisation. It has long been the intention to close Knowle Hospital, which originally served the city of Southampton, and over the last ten years there has been a gradual transfer of some of the services away from the main hospital site. A major problem in successfully implementing the closure of any mental hospital is the appropriate relocation of the long-stay population. The problems this involves have been much debated recently.

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Semple, Margaret M., Brian R. Ballinger, and Elizabeth Irvine. "Prescribing for patients attending old age psychiatry day hospitals." Psychiatric Bulletin 20, no. 6 (June 1996): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.20.6.335.

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A review of the drug treatment of 163 patients attending two old age psychiatric day hospitals showed that 29 received medication from the day hospital, 44 from general practitioners and 60 from both sources. Many of the patients' knowledge of their drug treatment was incomplete. Of those individuals interviewed, approximately equal numbers expressed a preference for day hospital and general practitioner prescriptions. The origin of the prescription did not bear any obvious relationship to subsequent admission to hospital or continued attendance at the day hospital.

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Al Sayed, Mostafa Mohamed, and Michael Elnemais Fawzy. "Correlates of lengthy stay in a mental health hospital." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 11, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-02-2017-0006.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the role of social factors that determine the length of stay in a mental hospital and also understand the main factors leading to the phenomena as a step to solve it. Design/methodology/approach A case-control cross-sectional observational study is performed which studies correlates for the lengthy stay in a mental hospital. The study population consists of two groups: Group A (94 patients), taken from the patients hospitalized for more than one year, further subdivided into schizophrenia and schizoaffective inpatient group and bipolar affective inpatient group; and Group B (94 patients), receiving their treatment at the outpatient clinic after being admitted for less than six months, this group was further subdivided into same categories as Group A. Findings The study showed that the positive score in positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) showed highly statistically significant (p<0.01) correlation with the length of hospital stay for the schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients in the inpatient group. The results showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the inpatient schizophrenic cases and the inpatient affective cases regarding the length of hospital stay. Research limitations/implications The linear regression model was used to understand the predictors of increased length of hospital stay. The linear regression analyzing the scale data of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients found that the length of hospital stay for the schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients depends on the patient’s age and his positive PANSS score. On the other hand, linear regression model for bipolar affective patients in the study found no statistically significant attributes of the length of hospital stay. Practical implications The study found that the length of hospital stay for schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients depends on the patient’s age and his positive PANSS score. Social implications The need for this study stems from the large numbers of mental inpatients who have been lengthily admitted in mental health hospitals in Egypt, while trying to understand main factors leading to the phenomena as a step to solve it. The study found that there is a highly significant difference between inpatient group and outpatient group regarding the marital status, education level, and psychosocial class, with inpatient group having more single, illiterate, and very low social class cases. Originality/value Research in the area of chronic psychiatric hospitalization and its effect on the course and prognosis of mental illness is still scarce, especially in the Arab world; therefore, the research will open the door for further research efforts in the future with a larger sample of patients to study the pros and cons of deinstitutionalization taking into account the past experience of health systems in other countries.

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Rossiter, J. C. "Suicidal patients — the effect on staff." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 9 (September 1989): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.9.495.

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Although psychiatric hospitals contain a population at risk of suicidal behaviour compared to the community at large, suicide in hospital in-patients and recently discharged patients is relatively rare. It has been suggested that hospital admission itself reduces the risk of suicide (Tenroche et al, 1984). Factors considered important are a calm ward routine carried out by staff confident in the immediate future, and the opportunities for social contract offered by the ward environment.

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Amaddeo, Francesco, and Michele Tansella. "Mortality among people with mental disorders." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 19, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00001512.

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Mortality among psychiatric patients has been found to be higher than the general population, not only in those long-term residents in old-fashioned psychiatric hospitals or attending hospital-based psychiatric services (Harris & Barraclough, 1998) but also in those treated in modern community-based systems of care (Amaddeo et al., 1995; Grigoletti et al., 2009).

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McCreadie, R. G., Mary Stewart, Lesley Robertson, and J. M. Dingwall. "The Scottish Survey of Old Long-Stay In-patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 3 (March 1991): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.3.398.

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A total of 2605 old long-stay patients, defined as those admitted to hospital before the age of 65 years and in hospital more than six years, were identified in psychiatric hospitals serving 83% of the Scottish population. The bed occupancy was 59 per 100 000 of the general population, with a range among hospitals of 19–123 per 100 000. Of all patients, 64% were schizophrenic and 15% had organic brain disease; most patients were male, single and over 60 years of age; 41 % had been in hospital more than 30 years; 61 % had either florid psychotic symptoms or symptoms of a deficit state in marked or severe degree, and the rehabilitation potential for 70% was low. An increasing prevalence of deficit symptoms in schizophrenics was associated with increasing length of stay in hospital; the difference was most marked between those admitted before and after 1953.

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Wildemeersch, Davina, Lisa Bernaerts, Michiel D’Hondt, and Guy Hans. "Preliminary Evaluation of a Web-Based Psychological Screening Tool in Adolescents Undergoing Minimally Invasive Pectus Surgery: Single-Center Observational Cohort Study." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): e45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.9806.

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Background Preoperative anxiety and depression are predominant risk factors for increased postoperative pain. Thoracic wall deformities in adolescents often cause low self-esteem, which contributes to psychological concerns. Several studies have suggested a relationship between preoperative mental health support and enhanced recovery after surgery. Objective This study investigated the validity of screening questionnaires concerning psychological trait and state characteristics via a patient-specific online platform. Methods Patients scheduled for elective pectus surgery between June 2017 and August 2017 were invited to participate in clinical interviews and online self-report questionnaires. All patients were recruited in the Anesthesiology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium. This single-center observational cohort study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the International Council for Harmonisation–Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki after obtaining study approval by the Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee of the Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium (study identifier: 17/08/082). An online preoperative psychological inventory was performed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Postoperatively, pain intensity and interference were assessed using the Multidisciplinary Pain Inventory, Coping With Pain Questionnaire, and numeric pain rating scale assessment. Patient satisfaction of the Web-based platform was evaluated. Results A total of 21 adolescent patients used our Web-based psychological perioperative screening platform. Patients rated the mobile phone app, usability, and accessibility of the digital platform as good or excellent in 85% (17/20), 89% (17/19), and 95% (20/21) of the cases, respectively. A total of 89% (17/19) of the patients rated the effort of generating answers to the online questionnaires as low. The results from the completed questionnaires indicated a strong negative correlation between self-esteem and the anxiety trait (R=–0.72, P<.001) and overall anxiety characteristics (R=–0.49, P=.04). There was a positive correlation between depressive and anxiety characteristics and the anxiety trait (R=0.52, P=.03 and R=0.6, P=.02, respectively) measured by the online self-report questionnaires. Moreover, preoperative anxiety was positively correlated with postoperative pain interference (R=0.58, P=.02). Finally, there was a negative correlation between self-esteem and pain interference (R=–0.62, P=.01). Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03100669; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03100669 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zPvHDhU5)

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Abdullah, H. "Quality of life between two groups of psychiatric patients in Baghdad, Iraq." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.658.

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ObjectivesTo assess and compare the subjective rating of quality of life (QOL) in psychiatric patients who attended two psychiatric outpatient clinics in Baghdad city [Al-Rashad psychiatric teaching hospital and Baghdad teaching hospital]. In addition, it also aims at studying the effect of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics on the patients’ life qualities.MethodA sample of one hundred patients divided equally into two groups (fifty patient) from each hospital were interviewed and diagnosed in accordance with the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, for the period (from the 1st of March to the 1st of September 2011). The Arabic modified version of WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire (modified by WHO) was applied on each patient.ResultsData gathered from completed hundred forms showed that 50% of patients from Baghdad teaching hospital responded and scored (fair, acceptable) to describe their satisfaction in overall QOL, while (38%) of patients from Al-Rashad teaching mental hospital scored (bad) and (16%) scored (very bad). There was no significant difference in the four domains of QOL between the two studied groups. The findings were discussed accordingly.ConclusionsThis study showed that although the overall satisfaction of the patients’ life quality was higher in patients from Baghdad teaching hospital than those of Al-Rashad teaching mental hospital, a non-significant difference in the four domains between the two hospitals was found. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were not significantly correlated to the QOL domains except for the educational level, which was significantly correlated, with the physical health domain in patients from Al-Rashad teaching mental hospital.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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Hanif, Irfan, and Bhupendra Rathod. "Delays in discharging elderly psychiatric in-patients." Psychiatric Bulletin 32, no. 6 (June 2008): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.106.014100.

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Aims and MethodThe issue of elderly psychiatric patients remaining in hospitals after being declared medically fit is of concern to doctors, hospital managers and politicians alike. This article sets out the findings from a study involving elderly psychiatric patients at a district general hospital, undertaken to establish the actual lengths, reasons for and financial implications of delays in discharge. The study involved 50 in-patients, all of whom had been discharged over the 3-month study period.ResultsMore than half of the patients in the sample were subject to some delay in discharge and for patients waiting for Elderly Mentally Infirm (EMI) placements this averaged 50 days. Collectively, nearly 25% of the time spent in hospital was due to delay. The cost to the hospital was estimated at more than £700 000 in 1 year.Clinical ImplicationsPatients are being put at extra risk in terms of their health by being delayed in hospital. Issues of institutionalisation, nosocomial infections and falls are of primary concern.

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Wang, Qingtong, Yuzhu Gong, and Kezhen Niu. "The Yantai Model of Community Care for Rural Psychiatric Patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 165, S24 (August 1994): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000293069.

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The main characteristics of the Yantai model are (a) a three-tier (county, township, village) management structure; (b) the vertical integration of community mental health workers, including a professional advisory group of psychiatrists from the central psychiatric hospital, groups of community psychiatrists at small county psychiatric hospitals, non-psychiatric physicians who run psychiatric out-patient clinics at township general hospitals, and village paramedics (‘village doctors’) who supervise patients in the community; (c) ongoing training of all community mental health workers; (d) registration and yearly follow-up of all patients with mental illnesses in the community; (e) provision of home-care services to a proportion of acutely ill patients; and (f) most of the cost of the service is borne by the state. The network of services provided by this model makes it convenient for patients to obtain treatment and, if necessary, go into hospital; it reduces the economic burden on the family and the community; it combines treatment, prevention, rehabilitation, and supervision under one administrative network; and it decreases the overall level of psychopathology and psychosocial dysfunction in the community.

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Teesson, Maree, and Neil Buhrich. "Prevalence of schizophrenia in a refuge for homeless men: a five year follow-up." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 10 (October 1990): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.10.597.

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Until the mid 1950s, the management of persons suffering from chronic mental illness in Australia was the responsibility of the large mental hospital. With the advent of psychotropic drugs and concern about the ‘negative’ influence of the institutional environment on patients there was a shift to shorter but more frequent periods of hospital admission. As the pattern of shorter admissions increased, community services for the mentally ill were expanded in the early 1970s. Between 1950 and 1985 in the state of New South Wales, the numbers of patients in large mental hospitals decreased from 256 to 55 per 100 000 population. However, no special arrangements for accommodation, as distinct from treatment, were made for these ex-mental hospital patients. The decline in hospital numbers can be attributed to a general reduction in the length of hospital stays. Initially, there seemed to be no pressing need for extra accommodation in the community as the provision of social security benefits was adequate to allow patients without homes to afford basic accommodation, a situation different to that in the United States (Lamb, 1984).

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Myers, D. H., A. Leahy, H. Shoeb, and J. Ryder. "The Patients' View of Life in a Psychiatric Hospital." British Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 6 (June 1990): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.156.6.853.

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In any assessment of hospital life, the patients' view is indispensable, but there is no generally accepted way of seeking it. In this study, the views of 258 patients in four ‘traditional’ English psychiatric hospitals were obtained by a questionnaire of 45 items supplemented by freehand comments. Their experience of fellow patients, the staff and the material and institutional aspects of hospital care were explored. Some of the benefits and problems of questionnaire use in this realm are discussed.

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Eaton, Bill, M. J. Stones, and Ken Rockwood. "Poor Mental Status in Older Hospital Patients: Prevalence and Correlates." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 5, no. 4 (1986): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800008084.

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ABSTRACTSome older patients on treatment wards suffer from poor mental status in addition to a primary illness condition. This research 1) compared the relative prevalence of cognitive dysfunction when indexed by a mental status questionnaire (MSQ), physician reports, and nurse ratings, respectively, and 2) examined relationships of the MSQ to other variables. The sample was the entire inpatient population on medical and surgical wards at two general hospitals during a one-week period. Data were obtained from the patients (i.e., the MSQ), case notes by physicians (i.e., diagnoses or symptoms indicative of cognitive dysfunction), and ward nuses (i.e., ratings on several variables). The findings were that prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was greater by the MSQ than by physician reports, than by nurse ratings. Against the criterion of MSQ classification, both physicial reports and nurse ratings exhibited false positive and false negative errors; however, false negative errors were more frequent. The strong correlates of MSQ included capacity for independent living, use of geriatric chair, and physician evaluation. Other signs of normalcy or dysfunction were specific to only one MSQ category: tube feeding, restraint, and basic function capability.

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