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1
Anonymous. "Fetal, birth complications increase mental illness risks." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 38, no. 3 (2000): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-20000301-07.
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Wise, Thomas N. "Medical Complications of Psychiatric Illness." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 191, no. 12 (2003): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000101153.45733.25.
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Chwastiak, Lydia. "Medical Complications of Psychiatric Illness." Psychiatric Services 54, no. 2 (2003): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.54.2.257.
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HILTY, DONALD M., and THOMAS S. NESBITT. "Medical Complications of Psychiatric Illness." American Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 8 (2003): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1535.
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Gaufberg, Elizabeth H. "Medical Complications of Psychiatric Illness." General Hospital Psychiatry 26, no. 3 (2004): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2004.03.002.
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Senanayake, Saumya Madhri, Iresha Perera, Janith Galhenage, and Raveen Hanwella. "Psychological morbidity and associated factors among perinatal patients referred for psychiatry assessments at a tertiary care centre in Sri Lanka." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (2021): S288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.766.
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AimsOur objective was to study the psychological morbidity and associated risk factors among antenatal and postnatal patients referred for the psychiatric assessment at University Psychiatry Unit of National Hospital of Sri Lanka.MethodAll the Clinic records of perinatal referrals from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019 were assessed. Sociodemographic details, delivery details, health of the newborn, past and present psychiatry illness related details were obtained using a questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS.ResultTotal of 161 perinatal referrals were studied. Mean age of the mothers were 28.7 years (SD = 6.60). About 18 (11.8%) were not legally married, partner passed away or estranged. Above Ordinary level education was having 34.5% of participants. Majority were postnatal mothers (61.5%). Some mothers (32.3%) have reported the pregnancy was unexpected whilst 20(32.3%) and 49(30.8%) have experienced delivery complications and neonatal illnesses respectively. Past mental illnesses were found among 31(20.7%) of mothers. Out of whole perinatal referrals maternity blues (28.9%) was the commonest current psychiatry diagnosis. Among antenatal mothers, adjustment disorder (28.8%) and depressive disorder (17.3%) were the commonest. Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform disorder and bipolar illness were found among 8(5%), 6(3.7%) and 3(1.9%) mothers respectively. Major psychoactive substance use disorder was found among 4 (2.5%) mothers. Presence of pregnancy related complications were significantly associated with postpartum metal illnesses(p = 0.008).ConclusionCommonest perinatal mental illness was the maternity blues. Depressive disorder was the commonest major mental illness and neonatal complications were associated with psychological morbidity in postnatal mothers.
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Lee, David S., Laura Marsh, Mauro A. Garcia-Altieri, Louisa W. Chiu, and Samir S. Awad. "Active Mental Illnesses Adversely Affect Surgical Outcomes." American Surgeon 82, no. 12 (2016): 1238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481608201233.
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Depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse are linked to higher rates of morbidity and mortality after various surgical procedures. Comparable data in general surgery are lacking. Records from 183 consecutive patients undergoing elective general surgery procedures at a single tertiary hospital were reviewed. Patients with depression, anxiety, PTSD, and substance abuse or any combination of these at the time of surgery were classified as having “active mental illness” (AMI). Thirty-day complications, readmissions, and emergency room (ER) visits were identified. Univariate analysis was performed followed by creation of multivariate regression models. 41.5 per cent (n = 76) met criteria for the AMI group and 58.5 per cent (n = 107) were without a mental illness (WAMI). The two groups had similar incidence of medical comorbidities and similar mean values of serum albumin and creatinine. The AMI group had higher rates of readmissions (14.5 vs 3.7 %, P = 0.009) and ER (19.7 vs 8.4 %, P = 0.025) visits compared with the WAMI group. Differences in length of stay and 30-day complications did not reach statistical significance. In patients undergoing elective general surgery, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and substance abuse are associated with higher rates of readmission and ER visits. These results suggest a need for further research on the impact of specific mental illnesses on postoperative complications.
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Maskey, Robin, DhanaRatna Shakya, SanjibKumar Sharma, Prahlad Karki, Poonam Lavaju, and JouslinKishore Baranwal. "Comparison of complications in diabetic outpatients with or without mental illness." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 17, no. 7 (2013): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.119643.
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Sacker, Amanda, D. John Done, Timothy J. Crow, and Jean Golding. "Antecedents of Schizophrenia and Affective Illness Obstetric Complications." British Journal of Psychiatry 166, no. 6 (1995): 734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.6.734.
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BackgroundThis exploratory study seeks to generate new hypotheses about the relationship between obstetric complications and schizophrenia.MethodThe British Perinatal Mortality Survey represents 98% of all births during one week in March 1958 in Great Britain. Present State Examination (PSE), Catego diagnoses of narrowly defined schizophrenia (n = 49), broadly defined schizophrenia (n = 79), affective psychosis (n = 44) and neurosis (n = 93) were derived from case notes for all cohort members. The remainder of the cohort, surviving the perinatal period, acted as controls (n = 16 812). Variables in the British Perinatal Mortality Survey were grouped into five categories: the physique/lifestyle of the mother (including demographic characteristics), her obstetric history, the current pregnancy, the delivery and the condition of the baby.ResultsThere were 7/17 significant differences in maternal physique/lifestyle and obstetric history between the births of schizophrenics and controls, compared to 4/40 comparisons of somatic variables relating to pregnancy, birth and the condition of the baby. This compares with 4/17 and 7/40 for affective psychotics and a total of 4/57 differences for all categories of variables when neurotics were contrasted with controls.ConclusionsThe purported increased risk of obstetric complications in schizophrenics may result from the physique/lifestyle of their mothers.
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Catani, Marco, and Roger Howells. "Risks and pitfalls for the management of refeeding syndrome in psychiatric patients." Psychiatric Bulletin 31, no. 6 (2007): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.106.009878.
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Aims and MethodWe present two patients who developed refeeding syndrome following admission to a general psychiatry ward. The practical implications of assessing and managing medical consequences in patients with mental illness who start refeeding after a period of starvation are discussed.ResultsPatients presented with overlapping clinical manifestations of mental illness and refeeding syndrome that were difficult to recognise and manage.Clinical ImplicationsAwareness of refeeding syndrome in patients with mental illness may prevent fatal physical complications.
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Mitchell, Alex J., Sheila Hardy, and David Shiers. "Parity of esteem: Addressing the inequalities between mental and physical healthcare." BJPsych Advances 23, no. 3 (2017): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.114.014266.
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SummaryParity of esteem means valuing mental health as much as physical health in order to close inequalities in mortality, morbidity or delivery of care. There is clear evidence that patients with mental illness receive inferior medical, surgical and preventive care. This further exacerbated by low help-seeking, high stigma, medication side-effects and relatively low resources in mental healthcare. As a result, patients with severe mental illness die 10–20 years prematurely and have a high rate of cardiometabolic complications and other physical illnesses. Many physical healthcare guidelines and policy recommendations address parity of esteem, but their implementation to date has been poor. All clinicians should be aware that inequalities in care are adversely influencing mental health outcomes, and managers, healthcare organisations and politicians should provide resources and education to address this gap.Learning Objectives• Understand the concept of parity of esteem• Be aware of the current inequalities in mental healthcare• Appreciate how parity of esteem may be improved
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Fink, Per. "Physical disorders associated with mental illness. A register investigation." Psychological Medicine 20, no. 4 (1990): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700036515.
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SynopsisOn the basis of nationwide patient register data the diagnostic pattern of the medical admissions of a general population (17–49 year-olds; N = 30427) during an 8-year period was studied by comparing those individuals who had been admitted to the psychiatric department (i.e. psychiatric patients) with those individuals who had not. The results suggest that the high utilization of medical admissions by psychiatric patients could not be explained simply by coincident chronic physical illness or particular types of physical disease including the somatic complications of mental disorders. It is more likely to be attributable to other factors such as an increased general susceptibility to physical illness, different forms of illness behaviour, and the process of somatization.
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McCreadie, Robin G., David J. Hall, Ian J. Berry, Lesley J. Robertson, James I. Ewing, and Michael F. Geals. "The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys X: Obstetric Complications, Family History and Abnormal Movements." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 6 (1992): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.160.6.799.
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Obstetric histories of 54 schizophrenic patients and 114 siblings were obtained from their mothers and scored using the Obstetric Complications Scale. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of schizophrenic patients (35%) and siblings (29%) who had at least one definite obstetric complication. There was no evidence that schizophrenic patients with a history of obstetric complications were less likely to have a first-degree relative with a history of psychiatric illness leading to in-patient care. Schizophrenic patients with a history of obstetric complications were more likely to have drug-induced Parkinsonism. There was a trend for tardive dyskinesia to be more common in those schizophrenic patients with no obstetric complications but a family history of schizophrenia.
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Holt, R. I. G., and R. C. Peveler. "The high prevalence of undiagnosed metabolic complications in people with severe mental illness." European Psychiatry 22 (March 2007): S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.367.
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Bhimanadham, Narmada N., Pranita Mainali, Chris A. Robert, et al. "Hospital Outcomes in Antepartum Mental Disorders: A Study on 897,397 Pregnant Inpatients." Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs9100105.
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Objective: To evaluate the impact of antepartum mental disorders (AMD) in medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and inpatient outcomes during hospitalizations for pregnancy/birth-related complications. Methods: We used the national inpatient sample (NIS) data and included 19,170,562 female patients (age, 12–40 years) with a principal diagnosis of pregnancy/birth-related complications and grouped by co-diagnoses of AMD (N = 897,397). We used a binomial logistic regression model to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) for major severity of illness and adjusted for demographic confounders. Results: The hospitalizations with AMD increased by 22.1% (p < 0.001) from 2010 to 2014. White females (66.1%) and those from low-income families (<25th percentile, 31.8%) majorly had comorbid AMD. Depression (43.8%) and drug abuse (27%) were prevalent psychiatric disorders in AMD inpatients. Comorbid AMD inpatients had a higher likelihood for major severity of illness (OR 2.475, 95% CI 2.459–2.491, p < 0.001). They also had a longer hospitalization stay with a mean difference of 0.486 days (95% CI 0.480–0.491) and higher total charges by $1889.420 per admission (95% CI 1852.670–1926.170) than non-AMD inpatients. Conclusions: AMD is associated with worsening of severity of illness in pregnancy/birth-related complications and require acute inpatient care. Mental health assessment and treatment of AMD, and education about efficacy and safety of psychiatric medications may help to improve outcomes in these patients.
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Thornton, Dorothy, Sylvia Guendelman, and Nap Hosang. "Obstetric Complications in Women with Diagnosed Mental Illness: The Relative Success of California's County Mental Health System." Health Services Research 45, no. 1 (2010): 246–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2009.01058.x.
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Guth, Christian, Peter Jones, and Robin Murray. "Familial Psychiatric Illness and Obstetric Complications in Early-Onset Affective Disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 4 (1993): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.4.492.
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Early-onset affective disorder is associated with obstetric complications and a high familial risk of psychiatric illness, in particular psychosis. In a matched case-control study, we investigated 47 adult in-patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar 1 disorder, who had earlier in life presented to a child psychiatry department. Cases were matched on sex, social class and ethnic group with 47 controls, who were admitted to hospital for affective disorders in adult life but had no psychiatric contact before the age of 21. We found that both psychiatric disorder in first-degree relatives and a history of obstetric complications were associated with early onset. Childhood symptoms did not predict the type of adult affective disorder.
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Zaslove, Marshall O., Richard L. Russell, and Else Ross. "Effect of Caffeine Intake on Psychotic In-patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 4 (1991): 565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.4.565.
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Psychotic in-patients who consume caffeine may present complications in the course of their illness. Two cases are described which illustrate the clinical profile of such patients, whose caffeine-associated complications are often misdiagnosed.
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Firyal, Muhammad Rizqi. "The Outcomes of Patients with Mental Illness Undergoing Surgical Procedures." Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews 1, no. 5 (2021): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/oaijmr.v1i5.570.
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Mental illness influences 3 % of the populace and incorporates handicapping types of despondency and uneasiness, just as maniacal issues, for example, bipolar and schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia were known to have a higher risk of complications during hospitalization. Quality of care has become the key factor in reducing their potential mortality afterwards. Patients with SMI were substantially less liable to have significant medical procedure, in the wake of controlling for age, other segment measures, and illness trouble. For patients of a similar age, sex, race and comorbidity status, having a previous genuine psychological instability passed on a significantly diminished probability of careful mediation. Clinical and careful hospitalizations for people with schizophrenia had in some measure double the chances of a few kinds of unfriendly occasions than those for people without schizophrenia. These antagonistic occasions were related with poor clinical and financial results during the emergency clinic confirmation. Endeavors to decrease these unfriendly occasions should turn into an examination need.
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Gottsch, Henry P., Richard E. Berger, and Claire C. Yang. "Priapism: Comorbid Factors and Treatment Outcomes in a Contemporary Series." Advances in Urology 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/672624.
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Objective. The goal of this study is to describe comorbid characteristics in patients who have priapism, and their treatment outcomes.Methods. Chart review was undertaken on men who had a diagnosis of priapism from a tertiary medical center, from 2000–2010. Men with priapism due exclusively to the use of prescription erectile aids and medications were not included in the review.Results. We identified 79 patients with the priapism. The most common type of priapism was the low flow variant. High flow priapism was identified in 2 patients. The most common general comorbid condition associated with priapism was mental illness (including substance abuse), which was present in 56% of the patients. Neurogenic priapism accounted for 19% of the total priapism events. Psychopharmaceutical agents and recreational drugs were commonly associated with ischemic priapism. Acute complications of priapism treatment were not common, but long-term complications, especially erectile dysfunction, were frequent.Conclusions. We describe the characteristics and outcomes of a large group of patients with priapism. Our experience at a tertiary care center indicates that mental illness, including substance abuse disorders, is a highly prevalent comorbid condition in men who experience priapism. Consistent with previous reports, erectile dysfunction is the most common complication from priapism and its treatment, occurring in the majority of men.
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Morgan, Vera A., Patsy Di Prinzio, Giulietta Valuri, Maxine Croft, Thomas McNeil, and Assen Jablensky. "Are familial liability for schizophrenia and obstetric complications independently associated with risk of psychotic illness, after adjusting for other environmental stressors in childhood?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 11 (2019): 1105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419864427.
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Objective: The interplay between genetic and environmental factors on risk for psychotic illness remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to estimate independent and combined effects of familial liability for schizophrenia and exposure to obstetric complications on risk for developing psychotic illness, covarying with exposure to other environmental stressors. Methods: This whole-population birth cohort study used record linkage across Western Australian statewide data collections (midwives, psychiatric, hospital admissions, child protection, mortality) to identify liveborn offspring ( n = 1046) born 1980–1995 to mothers with schizophrenia, comparing them to offspring of mothers with no recorded psychiatric history ( n = 298,370). Results: Both maternal schizophrenia and pregnancy complications were each significantly associated with psychotic illness in offspring, with no interaction. Non-obstetric environmental stressors significantly associated with psychotic illness in offspring included the following: being Indigenous; having a mother who was not in a partnered relationship; episodes of disrupted parenting due to hospitalisation of mother, father or child; abuse in childhood; and living in areas of greatest socioeconomic disadvantage and with elevated rates of violent crime. Adjustment for these other environmental stressors reduced the hazard ratio for maternal schizophrenia substantially (from hazard ratio: 5.7, confidence interval: 4.5–7.2 to hazard ratio: 3.5, confidence interval: 2.8–4.4), but not the estimate for pregnancy complications (hazard ratio: 1.1, confidence interval: 1.0–1.2). The population attributable fraction for maternal schizophrenia was 1.4 and for pregnancy complications was 2.1. Conclusion: Our finding of a substantial decrease in risk of psychotic illness associated with familial liability for psychosis following adjustment for other environmental stressors highlights potentially modifiable risk factors on the trajectory to psychotic illness and suggests that interventions that reduce or manage exposure to these risks may be protective, despite a genetic liability.
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Stevens, Tom, Samantha Spavin, Samantha Scholtz, and Lisa McClelland. "Your patient and weight-loss surgery." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 18, no. 6 (2012): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.111.008938.
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SummaryObesity is common in patients with mental illness. Weight-loss surgery, known as bariatric surgery, is becoming a familiar intervention for treating people who are morbidly obese and for whom other weight-reduction methods have failed. This article offers guidance for mental health professionals on the assessment and management of patients with mental illness undergoing such treatment. Assessment is of the patient's suitability for surgery, taking into account their mental health diagnosis, expectations, knowledge and insight into the psychological impact of surgery, and ability to address and cope with lifestyle changes before and after surgery. The patient's capacity and ability to cooperate and engage with services are also assessed. Potential risks and complications of bariatric surgery and how the weight-loss procedures may affect patients' mental health and management of their medication are addressed.
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Carolan, Aoife, Dolores Keating, Judith Strawbridge, and Cristin Ryan. "Optimising prescribing for patients with severe mental illness: the need for criteria." Evidence Based Mental Health 22, no. 4 (2019): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmental-2019-300099.
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The life expectancy of people with severe mental illness (SMI) is considerably shorter than those without SMI. Multimorbidity and poorer physical health outcomes contribute significantly to this health inequality. Psychotropic medicines, including antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilisers and anxiolytic medicines, are the mainstay of treatment for SMI, and overall improve life expectancy and quality of life. Optimising medicines is required to ensure adequate control of symptoms while avoiding complications and negative physical health outcomes. Screening tools would offer an opportunity to assist clinicians in decision making and optimising medicines for people with SMI, who are particularly vulnerable to medication-related problems and poorer physical health.
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Jaiman, Richa, Neelabh Agrawal, Devpriya Mitra, Vikram Yadav, Gyan Prakash Verma, and Shashank Sharma. "An unusual case of multiple intestinal perforations secondary to pica." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 1 (2016): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20164491.
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Habitual ingestion of non-nutritive substances is the characteristic feature of a medical condition known as pica. It is usually associated with nutritional deficiency state, mental illness and at times with pregnancy. Most of the ingested foreign bodies pass through the digestive tract without causing complications however in about 1% cases, it can result in fatal complications such as intoxication, gastrointestinal perforation etc. Here we report a case of multiple intestinal perforations in a 28 year old patient secondary to his psychiatric illness Pica. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate its unusual presentation and to discuss the management of this rare case.
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Andrade, M., C. Rodrigues, C. Cardoso, and V. Palma. "Motherhood – a disturbed beginning: A review of a case series." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2326.
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IntroductionPerinatal mental illness is one of the most frequent complications of pregnancy and the postpartum period. During the puerperium, the risk of developing a mental disease, such as a psychotic episode, is higher than in any other time in a woman's life.ObjectivesThe two main objectives are to describe a case series of 4 patients diagnosed with pospartum psychosis, and to synthesize the most important facets of this mental illness based on a literature review.AimsThe aim is to provide an overview of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of postpartum psychosis.MethodsThe four clinical cases are presented by describing the similar as opposed to the differential aspects between all patients, using the information obtained through successive clinical interviews and the case file. Research was accomplished through Clinical Key and PubMed (2005-2015) using the keywords: postpartum psychosis.ResultsIn all four cases, the patients developed symptoms of sleep disturbance, mood fluctuation, altered thinking process with delusions or obsessions, and bizarre behaviours. This occurred within the first four weeks after labour, which was in all cases an obstrutced labour. The data suggests that postpartum psychosis is a presentation of bipolar disorder. Clinical aspects and risk factors related to this perinatal complication all coincide with the cases presented.ConclusionsPostpartum psychosis is a rare presentation of perinatal mental illness. However, it presents itself, as a psychiatric emergency, and the early and correct assessment are crucial to reset the development of the mother–child bond.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Zolese, G., and C. V. R. Blacker. "The Psychological Complications of Therapeutic Abortion." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 6 (1992): 742–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.160.6.742.
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Psychological or psychiatric disturbances occur in association with therapeutic abortions but they seem to be marked, severe, or persistent in only a minority (approximately 10%) of women. These consist mostly of caseness depression and anxiety. Psychoses are very uncommon, being repotted in only 0.003% of cases – most of whom have a history of previous psychiatric illness. Certain groups are especially at risk from adverse psychological sequelae; these include those with a past psychiatric history, younger women, those with poor social support, the multiparous, and those belonging to sociocultural groups antagonistic to abortion. This is not to overlook the fact that, adopting a crisis-resolution framework, subsequent termination of an unwanted pregnancy is itself ‘therapeutic‘. A better understanding of the nature of the risk factors would enable clinicians to identify vulnerable women for whom some form of psychological intervention might be beneficial.
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Howe, Allyson S., and Barry P. Boden. "Heat-Related Illness in Athletes." American Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 8 (2007): 1384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507305013.
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Heat stroke in athletes is entirely preventable. Exertional heat illness is generally the result of increased heat production and impaired dissipation of heat. It should be treated aggressively to avoid life-threatening complications. The continuum of heat illness includes mild disease (heat edema, heat rash, heat cramps, heat syncope), heat exhaustion, and the most severe form, potentially life-threatening heat stroke. Heat exhaustion typically presents with dizziness, malaise, nausea, and vomiting, or excessive fatigue with accompanying mild temperature elevations. The condition can progress to heat stroke without treatment. Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat illness and is characterized by core temperature >104°F with mental status changes. Recognition of an athlete with heat illness in its early stages and initiation of treatment will prevent morbidity and mortality from heat stroke. Risk factors for heat illness include dehydration, obesity, concurrent febrile illness, alcohol consumption, extremes of age, sickle cell trait, and supplement use. Proper education of coaches and athletes, identification of high-risk athletes, concentration on preventative hydration, acclimatization techniques, and appropriate monitoring of athletes for heat-related events are important ways to prevent heat stroke. Treatment of heat illness focuses on rapid cooling. Heat illness is commonly seen by sideline medical staff, especially during the late spring and summer months when temperature and humidity are high. This review presents a comprehensive list of heat illnesses with a focus on sideline treatments and prevention of heat illness for the team medical staff.
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Armando, Gerry. "Surgical Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Serious Mental Illnes." Open Access Indonesian Journal of Medical Reviews 1, no. 4 (2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/oaijmr.v1i4.563.
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Serious mental illness (SMI) influences 3 % of the populace and incorporates handicapping types of despondency and uneasiness, just as maniacal issues, for example, bipolar and schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia were known to have a higher risk of complications during hospitalization. Quality of care has become the key factor in reducing their potential mortality afterwards. Patients with SMI were substantially less liable to have significant medical procedure, in the wake of controlling for age, other segment measures, and illness trouble. For patients of a similar age, sex, race and comorbidity status, having a previous genuine psychological instability passed on a significantly diminished probability of careful mediation. Clinical and careful hospitalizations for people with schizophrenia had in some measure double the chances of a few kinds of unfriendly occasions than those for people without schizophrenia. These antagonistic occasions were related with poor clinical and financial results during the emergency clinic confirmation. Endeavors to decrease these unfriendly occasions should turn into an examination need.
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Shah, Nisha, and Louise Howard. "Screening for smoking and substance misuse in pregnant women with mental illness." Psychiatric Bulletin 30, no. 8 (2006): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.30.8.294.
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Aims and MethodSmoking and substance misuse adversely affect the outcome of pregnancy and psychiatric patients are known to smoke more than other patients. Data collected at the time of routine antenatal booking were analysed to investigate whether pregnant women with mental health problems smoke more than other pregnant women.ResultsData were collected from 156 women. Those with a psychiatric diagnosis (n=76) were significantly more likely to smoke (P<0.001). Associations were also found with illicit drug use and previous termination of pregnancy. The most common psychiatric diagnosis was depression (62%). A diagnosis of schizophrenia was not recorded for any of the women.Clinical ImplicationsThe strong association between smoking and psychiatric diagnosis results in an increased risk of obstetric complications in psychiatric patients. Anti-smoking interventions might be delivered by adequately trained midwives and opportunistically during contact with mental health professionals.
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Crow, T. J. "Twin studies of psychosis and the genetics of cerebral asymmetry." British Journal of Psychiatry 175, no. 5 (1999): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.175.5.399.
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Kläning (1999, this issue) reports that dizygotic twins are at increased risk of schizophrenia relative to the general population. Any departure from the first assumption of twin studies that the illness has the same origin in twins as it does in the general population might tell us something about aetiology. Kläning's expectation that monozygotic twins would be at increased risk because such pairs are at increased risk of perinatal complications was not confirmed, adding to the weight of evidence that such complications are unrelated to the origins of psychotic illness. The contrary finding that dizygotic twins are at increased risk draws attention to the nature of dizygotic twinning. Is there something about this process that yields a clue to the origins of psychosis?
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El-Badri, Selim M., Heather C. Ashton, I. Nicol Ferrier, and P. Brian Moore. "Family Illness History, Obstetric Complications and Age of Onset in Bipolar Patients." Open Neuropsychopharmacology Journal 2, no. 1 (2009): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876523800902010011.
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Detmer, William M., and Francis G. Lu. "Neuropsychiatric Complications of AIDS: A Literature Review." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 16, no. 1 (1987): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/nucl-gpka-gt8w-5grt.
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a major public health problem with over 12,000 cases and 6,000 deaths reported to date. Although there has been an explosion of knowledge in the virology, immunology and pathology of AIDS, relatively little has been written on the neuropsychiatric aspects. This report reviews the existing literature on the neuropsychiatric complications of AIDS. As many as 40 percent of patients with AIDS have neurologic complications at some point in their illness. These complications include either focal deficits attributable to opportunistic organisms infecting the CNS or diffuse encephalopathy caused by viral infection or lymphoma infiltration. Psychiatric complications include major depression, adjustment disorder with depressed mood, and organic brain syndrome with affective, delusional or demented features. Inpatient and consulting psychiatrists must be alert to these complications of AIDS so as to make accurate diagnoses and deliver appropriate therapy. Further studies, integrating both psychiatric and neurologic perspectives, are needed to better elucidate the neuropsychiatric complications of AIDS and help plan appropriate therapeutic interventions.
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O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, Conall Larkin, Anthony Kinsella, and John L. Waddington. "Obstetric Complications, the Putative Familial-Sporadic Distinction, and Tardive Dyskinesia in Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 4 (1990): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.4.578.
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Obstetric complications were more common in the histories of those schizophrenic outpatients without a family history of psychiatric disorder, and were associated with an earlier onset of their illness. Those patients with tardive dyskinesia were more likely to have a family history of psychiatric disorder, less likely to have experienced obstetric complications, and showed greater cognitive deficit. Obstetric complications should be considered in juxtaposition with genetic factors in evaluating the putative familial-sporadic distinction in schizophrenia. Additionally, familial/genetic factors appear to contribute to vulnerability to tardive dyskinesia.
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Scott, Jan, W. A. Barker, and D. Eccleston. "The Newcastle Chronic Depression Study." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 1 (1988): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.1.28.
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Chronic depression is defined as “symptomatic non-recovery for a period of 2 or more years”. Chronic primary major depressives (n = 24) were compared retrospectively with a control group of primary major depressives (n = 20) who had recovered from their illness episode within 2 years. The former had a significantly higher familial loading for affective disorder and showed an increased incidence of independent undesirable life events during the 6 months prior to and 2 years after the onset of their illness. Female chronic depressives also had a significantly greater number of previous illness episodes and a more frequent history of thyroid dysfunction. Personality as measured on the EPQ, psychiatric problems arising as secondary complications of the depressive illness, and developmental object loss did not differentiate chronic from non-chronic depressives.
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Hamidi, Ava, Behnam Sabayan, Frazaneh Sorond, Alexander J. Nemeth, and Afshin Borhani-haghighi. "A Case of Covid-19 Respiratory Illness with Subsequent Seizure and Hemiparesis." Galen Medical Journal 9 (July 12, 2020): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1915.
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Background: Neurological manifestations and complications are common in viral infections, and they are significant sources for clinical deterioration and poor clinical outcomes. Case report: The current report presents a 38year-old man with Covid-19 respiratory illness who subsequently developed neurological complications and clinical worsening leading to death. This patient sought medical attention after five days of progressive cough, fever, and dyspnea. On arrival in the emergency room, he was found to have hypoxic respiratory failure resulting in intubation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Chest CT scan was characteristic for Covid-19 infection, and PCR test on tracheal samples confirmed the diagnosis. On day nine of admission, he developed generalized tonic colonic seizure associated with deterioration of mental status and hemiparesis. Repeated brain CT scans showed subcortical hypoattenuation with associated sulcal effacement in the left occipital and posterior parietal lobes concerning for ischemic changes. The patient passed away on day 17 despite supportive measures. Conclusion: This observation and recent evidence on Covid-19 CNS involvement highlight the need for further studies on early recognition of neurological complications in Covid-19 patients. [GMJ.2020;9:e1915]
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Mccreadie, R. G., M. A. Connolly, D. J. Williamson, R. W. B. Athawes, and D. Tilak-Singh. "The Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys." British Journal of Psychiatry 165, no. 3 (1994): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.3.340.
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BackgroundThe aim was to examine in a population of schizophrenic patients the clinical correlates of ‘neurodevelopmental’ schizophrenia and their relationship to putative aetiological factors.MethodPremorbid social adjustment, premorbid schizoid and schizotypal personality traits, and the obstetric history of 40 schizophrenic patients and their 102 sibs were assessed through interviews with their mothers. Patients' premorbid level of intelligence was assessed by the National Adult Reading Test and current symptoms by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Subjective Deficit Syndrome Scale.ResultsPatients had more schizoid and schizotypal traits than their sibs. They showed a deterioration in social adjustment between childhood and adolescence; sibs' social adjustment improved. There were statistically significant associations between current negative schizophrenic symptoms, premorbid deterioration in social adjustment, and schizoid and schizotypal personality traits, and between an early age of onset of illness and the same premorbid assessments. There was no evidence that patients with a family history of severe mental illness leading to hospitalisation, or a history of definite obstetric complications, had poorer premorbid functioning or more severe current symptoms.ConclusionsWe have confirmed clinical correlates of ‘neurodevelopmental’ schizophrenia but found no association between these and obstetric complications or a family history of severe mental disorder.
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Manjrekar, Shivani, and Sandeep Patil. "Perception and Attitude toward Mental Illness in Antenatal Mothers in Rural Population of Southern India: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 09, no. 04 (2018): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_535_17.
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ABSTRACT Background: Mental health disorders globally are on a rise due to various reasons. Gender differences have been one of the reasons. Pregnancy is a stressful event in mothers and it can either exacerbate preexisting mental illness or can give rise to other mental health disorders. Studies have shown that women residing in rural areas are at higher risk of developing mental health problems. Mental health problems have detrimental effects in post-partum period. Most of the complications can be prevented if psychiatric symptoms are detected in early part of pregnancy and if women are aware of these symptoms. Aim: To find the awareness, attitude and perception towards mental illness in antenatal mothers residing in rural area of India. Setting and Design: It's a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at primary health care centers. Methods and Materials: Total of 300 antenatal mothers attending primary health care centers were recruited into the study after a written informed consent was obtained. Statistical Analysis: Basic socio demographic data were collected and a semi structured questionnaire was designed. The participants were interviewed according to the questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS software. Results and Conclusion: The mean age of the study participants was 24+5. Of the 300 study participants more than 90% were unaware that mental illness can occur during pregnancy and only around 07% could agree say that it can occur in pregnancy. There is poor awareness of mental health problems amongst pregnant women residing in rural part of southern India. The reasons for the same are lack of awareness, low levels of education, lower socio economic status, cultural beliefs and practices, lack of mental health services and stigma associated with mental illness. There is no routine screening for mental health problems during antenatal visits. If done otherwise could bring down adverse maternal outcome.
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Leask, Stuart J. "Environmental influences in schizophrenia: the known and the unknown." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 10, no. 5 (2004): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.10.5.323.
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Despite much research, environmental influences that can be said to cause a schizophrenic illness remain elusive. When the effects of an (often prolonged) prodromal syndrome are taken into account, the first episode appears to come from nowhere. However, over the past couple of decades a number of factors have emerged that can be argued to influence, and not merely reflect, the illness onset. The possible effects of season and geography of birth, urbanisation, immigration, substance misuse, prenatal influenza, famine and other stresses, and obstetric complications are summarised. These varied findings, often of small effect and borderline significance, present a challenge to clinicians attempting to make sense of their patients' life experiences. Any hard conclusions still depend largely on how one formulates the illness.
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Johnson, Angela, and Kyaien Conner. "It Gets Better with Time: The Perception of Stigma Among Older Adults with Chronic Physical Illness and in Recovery from Mental Health Condition." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 15, no. 4 (2019): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2019.009.
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Older adults are a vulnerable population who are more susceptible to developing mental health conditions, and the symptoms are often exacerbated by the co-occurrence of various physical health complications. Despite available evidence-based interventions, many older adults neglect to utilize mental health services, due to the stigmatization of mental health conditions. Limited research has focused on the unique experiences of older adults who have overcome the adverse effects of stigma, have sought help for their mental health condition and are currently in recovery. There are even fewer studies that have addressed perceptions of stigma among older adults in recovery from a mental health condition who are currently living with a chronic physical illness. The present study investigated the unique experiences of seeking professional mental health services and the perceptions of stigma among nine older adults living with a chronic physical illness and currently in recovery from a mental health condition utilizing semi-structured interviews. Through an in-depth thematic analysis of the data, four over-arching themes were identified: Resilience from the Stigma of a Mental Illness, Community Engagement, Cultural Barriers and Social Support System. Findings from the current study suggest that older adults who have previously experienced a mental health condition and were able to overcome the stigma of their condition, were more likely to seek professional help. Additionally, engaging in community engagement programs to help other older adults who are currently experiencing acute mental health conditions seemed to reduce perceptions of stigma and positively impacted participants self-esteem and overall outlook on life.
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Easter, Abigail, Jane Sandall, and Louise M. Howard. "Obstetric near misses among women with serious mental illness: data linkage cohort study." British Journal of Psychiatry 219, no. 3 (2021): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.250.
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BackgroundInvestigating obstetric near misses (life-threatening obstetric complications) provides crucial information to prevent maternal mortality and morbidity.AimsTo investigate the rate and type of obstetric near misses among women with serious mental illness (SMI).MethodWe conducted a historical cohort study, using de-identified electronic mental health records linked with maternity data from Hospital Episode Statistics. The English Maternal Morbidity Outcome Indicator was used to identify obstetric near misses at the time of delivery in two cohorts: (1) exposed cohort – all women with a live or still birth in 2007–2016, and a history of secondary mental healthcare before delivery in south-east London (n = 13 570); (2) unexposed cohort – all women with a live or still birth in 2007–2016, resident within south-east London, with no history of mental healthcare before delivery (n = 223 274).ResultsThe rate of obstetric near misses was 884.3/100 000 (95% CI 733.2–1057.4) maternities in the exposed group compared with 575.1/100 000 (95% CI 544.0–607.4) maternities in the unexposed group (adjusted odds ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.3–2.0, P < 0.001). Highest risks were for acute renal failure (adjusted odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.8, P = 0.022); cardiac arrest, failure or infarction (adjusted odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.8, P = 0.028); and obstetric embolism (adjusted odds ratio 3.1, 95% CI 1.6–5.8, P < 0.001).ConclusionsFindings emphasise the importance of integrated physical and mental healthcare before and during pregnancy for women with SMI.
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Patil, Vaibhav, Ankit Gupta, and Rakesh Kumar Chadda. "Mental Health Issues in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Evolving a Strategy." Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) 56, no. 03 (2020): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714441.
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AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global health emergency in a short span of time. Novel kind of the disease, highly infectious nature, rapid progress with serious medical complications and risk of death, and absence of effective treatment and vaccine have all added to a community fear. Need for social distancing, social isolation, and quarantine in contacts further contributes to the fear and also creates a stigma. Declaration of lockdown in many parts of the world to prevent spread of illness has been associated with socioeconomic consequences with great loss to the world economy as well unemployment in a large section of the population. All these factors impose a high risk of mental health problems like anxiety, fear, worries, sleep disturbances, depression, etc. in the general population, and also worsening of the existing symptoms in persons with existing mental illness. The impact of the pandemic on mental health is likely to be long lasting, and a great challenge to the mental health professionals and the policy makers. This paper discusses various strategies to effectively manage the mental health issues in the light of limited availability of mental health resources and restricted access to health services due to lockdown in low-resource settings.
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Caradoc-Davies, Gillian. "Feigned Alcohol Abuse." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 3 (1988): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.3.418.
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A man presenting with factitious alcohol abuse and its alleged complications is described. It is argued that chronic factitious disorders are more logically viewed as part of that spectrum of conditions where there is abnormal illness behaviour, including somatoform disorders and other related conditions, than as separate nosological or diagnostic entities.
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McKibbin, Christine L., Aaron Lee, Dale Glaser, et al. "Functional health status of adults with serious mental illness and diabetes mellitus: A latent profile analysis." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 54, no. 1 (2018): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091217418791437.
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Objective Adults with serious mental illness are at increased risk for diabetes mellitus and diabetes-related complications. This article classifies subgroups among people with serious mental illness and comorbid diabetes with respect to functional status and examines differences among those groups. Methods This analysis used a baseline sample of 157 adults with serious mental illness and diabetes mellitus enrolled in a National Institute of Health-funded research study. Latent profile analysis was used to distinguish health status profiles and investigate how these subgroups differed across assessment domains. Results Participants with depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder (n = 157) were included in the study. Mean age was 52.9 years (standard deviation = 9.8), and 62 (40%) were African American. From the latent profile analysis, a three-class model appeared to provide the best fit. Class 1 (34.9%) had a very low functional health status approximately two standard deviations below the general population mean. Class 2 (43.7%) had a low functional status approximately one standard deviation below the general mean. Class 3 (21.4%) had moderate functional status with scores near population mean. Groups differed on measures of personal characteristics, clinical status and symptom severity, self-care behaviors, and environmental characteristics. Conclusions Although individuals with schizophrenia generally have poor prognosis once they develop diabetes, latent profile analysis identified distinct health status subgroups. Although all three groups demonstrated illness burden, the pattern of differences between these groups across measures may suggest the need for different interventions for highly diverse adults who received care within safety-net primary care.
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Darby, Padraig L., and Peter J. Schmidt. "Psychiatric Consultations in Rheumatology: A Review of 100 Cases." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 4 (1988): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378803300411.
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Consultation-liaison psychiatry has contributed much to our understanding of the psychological complications of physical illness, both in general responses to illness and in particular problems related to specific diseases. We reviewed 100 psychiatric consultations from a specialized rheumatology unit. Eighty percent of the consultations consisted of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (36%), rheumatoid arthritis (29%), and fibrositis (15%). The majority of S.L.E. patients had organic brain syndromes related to central nervous system involvement or corticosteroids, while the majority of rheumatoid arthritis patients had a depressive diagnosis. Fibrositis patients showed no specific psychiatric diagnosis. Some future areas of research for consultation-liaison psychiatry in this area are suggested.
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Shah, Ishan, Christopher Wang, Nick Jain, Blake Formanek, Zorica Buser, and Jeffrey C. Wang. "Postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity patients with a mental illness undergoing reconstructive thoracic or thoracolumbar spine surgery." Spine Journal 19, no. 4 (2019): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2018.10.003.
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Sole, Eva, Juan Ignacio Duran, Sara Lera, et al. "S206. ARIPIPRAZOLE LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA DURING PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (2020): S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.272.
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Abstract Background Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics provide some advantages in treatment compliance of psychotic disorders. However, information about their effects during pregnancy is still very limited. We expose a clinical case of aripiprazole LAI use in a pregnant woman diagnosed of schizophrenia. Methods A non-systematic review using Pubmed was conducted using the following terms: schizophrenia, pregnancy, aripiprazole and aripiprazole LAI. A clinical record review was performed for the clinical case report. Results We report the case of a 30-year-old woman diagnosed of schizophrenia. She required several hospital admissions in the past because of the mental disorder and the lack of treatment adherence, what was the consequence of having no insight of illness and her pregnancy desires. She was initially treated with risperidone, suffering from some adverse effects like prolactine elevation and amenorrhea. In the last hospital admission, she started treatment with aripiprazol 20mg, having a good tolerability and being finally changed into aripiprazole LAI 400mg/28days. No incidences were reported and stability was achieved. After five months, she became pregnant and started being followed up in the Perinatal Mental Health Unit that belongs to the same hospital. The severity of the mental disorder and her stability at that moment made psychiatrists; obstetricians and patient decide to keep the antipsychotic treatment with subsequent appointments. The goal was to supervise psychopathology and blood tests during pregnancy. Prolactine was in physiologic levels and there were no obstetric complications. She finally delivered at 41 gestational weeks to a 3465g baby girl (Apgar 1’: 9 Apgar 5’: 10). No neonatal complications were reported. The Stafford interview was also administered in order to explore her social, obstetric and psychological background as well as possible psychiatric complications due to pregnancy and puerperium. No psychiatric complications were reported. Postpartum Bounding Questionnaire was also administered. No bounding disorder was detected. Discussion Pregnancy and postpartum are periods that carry a high risk of illness onset or recurrence in women with severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Having a good control of the symptoms may prevent from risks to both patient and child, due to the important influence that exists on the development of the baby and the mother-infant relationship.
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Trindade, I. A., C. Ferreira, and J. Pinto-Gouveia. "Chronic illness-related shame and experiential avoidance mediate the impact of IBD symptomatology on depression." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.297.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is group of chronic diseases that cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, urgent diarrhoea and fatigue, as well as associated complications (e.g., arthritis). Literature has pointed that IBD may cause depressive symptomatology, which seems to aggravate physical symptoms in a cycle of depression and inflammation. This study's aims to examine the mediator roles of chronic illness-related shame and experiential avoidance in the relationship between IBD symptomatology and depression, while controlling for associated medical complications. The sample comprised 161 adult IBD patients (52 males and 109 females), with a mean age of 36.73 (SD = 10.93), that completed validated measures. The hypothesised model was tested through path analyses. Results (see Fig. 1) showed that although IBD symptomatology presented a direct effect of .13 on depression, the majority of its impact was mediated through chronic illness-related shame and experiential avoidance with an indirect effect of 0.22. Indeed, IBD symptomatology seemed to lead to higher chronic illness-related shame, which presented a direct effect on depression of .15 and an indirect effect mediated by experiential avoidance of 0.37. This model presented excellent goodness-of-fit indices. These findings suggest that targeting shame and experiential avoidance in IBD patients would have beneficial outcomes for patients’ well-being. It thus seems that compassion and acceptance-based psychotherapies should be included in treatment programs for IBD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Gureje, Oye, and Rotimi W. Bamidele. "Gender and Schizophrenia: Association of Age at Onset with Antecedent, Clinical and Outcome Features." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 3 (1998): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809065536.
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Objective: There is evidence that gender and age at onset may have a bearing on schizophrenia. The extent to which this differential age at onset influences the clinical features of schizophrenia and its outcome in males and females is not clear. Method: One hundred and twenty outpatients with DSM-III-R schizophrenia were studied to determine the association of antecedent, historical, clinical and 13–year outcome features with age at onset in females (n = 64) and in males (n = 56). Results: Males were significantly younger at illness onset but were not otherwise different from females in antecedent features of illness. For males, age at onset bore little relationship to outcome after 13 years. Females with early onset of illness were more likely to have experienced obstetric complications, to evidence poorer premor-bid functioning, and to have a worse clinical, social and functional outcome than females with late onset. Conclusions: Even though females may have a more benign illness than males, among females, those with early age at onset may be characterised by neurodevel-opmental deviance and worse illness outcome.
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Zohra, Fatima, Md Faruq Alam, Mekhala Sarkar, Shahriar Faruque, and Mohammad Waliul Hasnat Sajib. "Perinatal factors among children with neurodevelopmental disorders attending tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka city." Bangladesh Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 2 (2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpsy.v32i2.55126.
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Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are public health burden worldwide. NDD causes disabilities and reduces the quality of life. Perinatal factors like maternal age, stress, maternal physical illnesses, birth complications, preterm birth, low birth weight and neonatal infections are the important risk factors for NDD. The objectives of the study were to determine the proportion of perinatal factors among children with neurodevelopmental disorders attending tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka city. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in outpatient department of National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka and Institute of Paediatric Neurodisorder and Autism (IPNA), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from January 2017 to July 2018. Among 115 children with NDD aged 0-17 years satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria who were conveniently selected as sample. After diagnosing NDD using DSM- 5 criteria by psychiatrists and paediatric neurologists, a semi structured questionnaire was applied by researcher herself that included socio-demographic and perinatal factors as well. Results showed that majority of the respondents (29.6%) were 5-8 years with male predominance (78.3%). The most common perinatal factors were maternal factors like maternal stress (68.7%), maternal physical illness (66.1 %), inadequate food/rest intake (53.9%) and inadequate weight gain during pregnancy (50.4%). Fetal and neonatal factors like birth complication (82.6%), preterm birth (80%), low birth weight (75.6%), neonatal illness (69.6%) and birth asphyxia (61.7%). Most common neonatal illness were pneumonia (30.0 %) followed by neonatal Jaundice (20%). Early identification of possible perinatal factors and providing safe perinatal period can give a positive impact in prevention of NDD in children.
 Bang J Psychiatry 2018;32(2): 26-31
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Morgan, V., P. Di Prinzio, G. Valuri, et al. "A life course perspective on familial and environmental risks for schizophrenia using a western Australian E-cohort." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.868.
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IntroductionFamilial risk for psychosis may interact with environmental risk factors.ObjectivesWe are studying a large birth cohort of children of mothers with psychotic disorders, themselves at high risk of developing a psychotic illness, to understand the developmental aetiology of psychotic illness.AimsOur aim is to examine whether exposure to environmental stressors in childhood, including timing of exposure, is a risk factor for psychotic illness, independent of familial liability. Specificity to maternal schizophrenia is explored.MethodsWe used record-linkage across state-wide registers (midwives, psychiatric, child protection and mortality, among others) to identify 15,486 offspring born in Western Australia 1980–2001 to mothers with a lifetime history of psychotic illness (case children) and compared them with 452,459 offspring born in the same period to mothers with no known psychiatric history (comparison children).ResultsA total of 4.1% of case children had developed a psychotic illness compared to 1.1% of comparison children. Exposure to environmental risk factors including obstetric complications, aboriginality, lower socioeconomic status, discontinuity in parenting and childhood abuse significantly increased risk of psychotic illness in offspring. Length and age at time of discontinuity in parenting impacted on risk. At the same time, case children were also significantly more likely than comparison children to be at risk of experiencing these adverse life events.ConclusionsExposure to environmental stressors is associated with psychotic illness, and timing of exposure is important. However, children already at increased familial risk for psychotic illness are also at increased risk of experiencing these environmental stressors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.