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Journal articles on the topic 'Mental illness Nervous system Psychopharmacology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Morrison, Diana P., Andre F. Joubert, Dave Swingler, et al. "Psychopharmacology 2003 Conference, 10-13 September 2003." South African Journal of Psychiatry 9, no. 2 (2003): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v9i2.136.

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List of abstracts and authors:1. Comparative benefits of Atypical antipsychoticsDiana P Morrison2. Evidence-based management of depression in SchizophreniaAndre F Joubert3. Second generation Antipsychotics: An African updateDave Swingler4. The drug management of patients with HIV/Aids in the Mental Health Care setting: A therapeutic challengeDenise White5. New developments in the treatment of Bipolar depressionJospeh R Calabrese6. Dual action antidepressants: Faster onset, more remission, better value?Roger M Pinder7. Antisocial personality disorder: A reviewDonald W Black8. The South African

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Braslow, Joel T., and Stephen R. Marder. "History of Psychopharmacology." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 15, no. 1 (2019): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095514.

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We live in an age of psychopharmacology. One in six persons currently takes a psychotropic drug. These drugs have profoundly shaped our scientific and cultural understanding of psychiatric disease. By way of a historical review, we try to make sense of psychiatry's dependency on psychiatric drugs in the care of patients. Modern psychopharmacology began in 1950 with the synthesis of chlorpromazine. Over the course of the next 50 years, the psychiatric understanding and treatment of mental illness radically changed. Psychotropic drugs played a major part in these changes as state hospitals close

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Baruah, Jugajyoti, and Anju Vasudevan. "The Vessels Shaping Mental Health or Illness." Open Neurology Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874205x01913010001.

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The mammalian brain receives the lion’s share of the body’s blood supply and is a highly vascularized organ. The vascular and nervous systems arise at two distinct time points of embryogenesis; however, their functions tend to overlap or complement each other in the growth promoting milieu of the embryonic Central Nervous System (CNS). The pre-existing idea that mental disorders are a direct result from defects solely in neuronal populations and networks is gradually changing. Several studies have implicated blood vessel pathologies and blood flow changes in mental health disorders. Our own st

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Saugstad, Letten F. "Age at Puberty and Mental Illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 4 (1989): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.155.4.536.

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The hypothesis of a neurodevelopmental aetiology of manic-depressive psychosis and schizophrenia is based on the relation between onset of puberty and the final regressive events in the central nervous system (elimination of 40% of neuronal synapses), and the discrepancy in body build in the two disorders which is similar to that between early- and late-maturing individuals. The marked rise in manic–depressive psychoses and decline in schizophrenia, particularly the non-paranoid categories, accompanying the decline in mean pubertal age by some four years during the past hundred years are taken

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Goodwin, F. K., and S. N. Ghaemi. "Prospects for a scientific psychiatry." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 9, no. 2 (1997): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800036772.

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Herman van Praag has made major contributions to the scientific and conceptual development of psychiatry. Despite progress in delineating reliable diagnostic criteria, our classification system ignores clinical insights available from patients' subjective experiences of illness. Hence a ‘coarsening of diagnosis’ has occurred, weakening the nosologic infrastructure of scientific psychiatry. This paper will discuss these ideas and emphasize the central role of psychopharmacology in advancing psychiatry, with lithium's discovery as a paradigm.

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Hare, Edward. "The History of ‘Nervous Disorders' from 1600 to 1840, and a Comparison with Modern Views." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 1 (1991): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.1.37.

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In the 18th century the main varieties of nervous illness – hypochondria, hysteria, the spleen, the vapours and dyspepsia – became included under the general term ‘nervous disorders'. When no physical disorder of the nerves could be detected in such conditions, the hypothesis of nervous disorder was replaced by the more vague concept of ‘nervous temperament’. The fact that there is still no evidence of pathological change in such cases continues to expose physicians to the alternative hypothesis of a purely psychological cause. The modern era in our understanding of the nervous system may be s

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Quinn, Declan M. P. "Prevalence of Psychoactive Medication in Children and Adolescents." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 6 (1986): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100616.

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Prevalence studies in Psychopharmacology are few and have many methodological flaws. This study examines the prevalence of psychoactive drugs in children and adolescents. Contrary to other studies, central nervous system stimulants are not the most widely prescribed psychoactive drugs in childhood and adolescence, but rather, minor tranquilizers, sedatives and hypnotics are the most widely prescribed psychoactive drugs. While this study overcomes some of the flaws of previous studies further studies regarding the prevalence of use of psychoactive drugs in childhood and adolescence are recommen

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Ayoub, Aimina, William D. Fraser, Nancy Low, Laura Arbour, Jessica Healy-Profitós, and Nathalie Auger. "Risk of central nervous system defects in offspring of women with and without mental illness." Archives of Women's Mental Health 21, no. 4 (2018): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-018-0819-0.

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9

Birmingham, Marion K., Madhabananda Sar, and Walter E. Stumpf. "Dexamethasone target sites in the central nervous system and their potential relevance to mental illness." Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 13, no. 4 (1993): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00711578.

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10

Cowen, Philip J. "Serotonin – 100 words." British Journal of Psychiatry 203, no. 1 (2013): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.108506.

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Serotonin is a neurotransmitter conserved through at least 500 million years of nervous system evolution. Serotonin orchestrates adaptive responses to aversive stimuli in invertebrates and an analogous role can be discerned in the more complex behavioural repertoire displayed by mammals to adversity. However, this formulation fails to capture the range of human social behaviours influenced by serotonin, for example, affiliation, empathy and cooperation. In a psychopharmacology experiment I received paroxetine for three weeks. This boost in brain serotonin levels failed to alter my subjective r

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Kellett, John M. "Handbook of Psychopharmacology Vol. 20. Psychopharmacology of the Ageing Nervous System. Edited by L. L. Iverson, S. D. Iverson and S. H. Snyder New York: Blenheim. 1988. 482 pp. $75.00." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 05 (1989): 745–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007125000176007.

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12

Procter, Andrew. "Enhancement of Recovery from Psychiatric Illness by Methylfolate." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 2 (1991): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.2.271.

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“41 (33%) of 123 patients with acute psychiatric disorders (DSM III diagnosis of major depression or schizophrenia) had borderline or definite folate deficiency (red-cell folate below 200 μg/l) and took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of methylfolate, 15 mg daily, for 6 months in addition to standard psychotropic treatment. Among both depressed and schizophrenic patients methylfolate significantly improved clinical and social recovery. The differences in outcome scores between methylfolate and placebo groups became greater with time. These findings add to the evidence implicat

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Suanrueang, Passakorn, Yong‐Jiang Shen, Hsiao‐Fang Lin, Tze‐Kiong Er, Mein‐Woei Suen, and Fu‐An Shieh. "Gender differences in geriatric syndromes as mental illness and nervous system diseases in hospitalized Thai older patients." Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 4 (2021): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12679.

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Faisal, Hana Khairina Putri, Feni Fitriani Taufik, Tribowo Tuahta Ginting Sugihen, Prasenohadi, Tomu Juliani, and Faisal Yunus. "Brief psychotic disorder in COVID-19 patient with no history of mental illness." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 06 (2021): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.14830.

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Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic affects mental health globally. Reports showed the increase of mental illness as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the correlation between the COVID-19 and mental illness is not fully understood yet. Methodology: We reported a brief psychotic disorder in a COVID-19 patient with no history of mental illness who was hospitalized in Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Results: Psychotic symptoms appeared five days after COVID-19 onset and laboratory tests showed elevated levels of d-dimer and fibrinogen. Conclusions: Elevated le

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Adkins, Chris E., Kara R. Barber, and Paul R. Lockman. "Crossing the barrier: The role of the blood–brain barrier in treating mental illness." Biochemist 35, no. 3 (2013): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03503004.

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To treat mental illness effectively with pharmacological agents, a drug must be able to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) at sufficient amounts to provide therapeutic concentrations within brain tissue at a desired target. The challenge of drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) has been a longstanding problem, which has resulted in more than 98% of CNS drugs failing to enter the clinical setting because of poor BBB penetration1. This article discusses first how the BBB generally limits drug delivery to the CNS; secondly, the role the BBB plays, if any, in limiting antidepressants

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Holmes, Alex C. N., Sophia J. Adams, Scott Hall, Mark A. Rosenthal, and Katharine J. Drummond. "Liaison psychiatry in a central nervous system tumor service." Neuro-Oncology Practice 2, no. 2 (2015): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npv001.

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AbstractBackgroundTumors of the central nervous system (CNS) have physical and psychological effects that commonly interact and change over time. Although well suited to addressing problems at the interface between physical and psychological medicine, the role of the consultation-liaison psychiatrist has not been previously described in the management of these patients. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the experience of psychiatry liaison attachment within a CNS tumor service and to reflect on its utility within a complex multidisciplinary environment.MethodsA retrospective file revie

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Darby, Padraig L., and Peter J. Schmidt. "Psychiatric Consultations in Rheumatology: A Review of 100 Cases." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 4 (1988): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378803300411.

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Consultation-liaison psychiatry has contributed much to our understanding of the psychological complications of physical illness, both in general responses to illness and in particular problems related to specific diseases. We reviewed 100 psychiatric consultations from a specialized rheumatology unit. Eighty percent of the consultations consisted of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (36%), rheumatoid arthritis (29%), and fibrositis (15%). The majority of S.L.E. patients had organic brain syndromes related to central nervous system involvement or corticosteroids, while the majority of

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Nami, Mohammad, Bharathi S. Gadad, Li Chong, et al. "The Interrelation of Neurological and Psychological Symptoms of COVID-19: Risks and Remedies." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8 (2020): 2624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082624.

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COVID-19 has catastrophically affected the world’s panoramic view of human well-being in terms of healthcare and management. With the increase in the number of cases worldwide, neurological symptoms and psychological illnesses from COVID-19 have increasingly upsurged. Mental health illness and affective disorders, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, phobia, and panic disorders, are highly impacted due to social distress. The COVID-19 pandemic not only affected people with pre-existing mental and affective illnesses, but also healthy individuals with anxiety, worrying,

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Martinez-Ales, G., A. Fraga, V. Bonan, et al. "Psychiatric symptoms as a presentation of central nervous system involvement in Chagas disease, a case report." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S149—S150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.268.

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IntroductionPsychiatric symptoms set forth brain dysfunction at several levels. Behavioral disturbances, although frequently associated to primary psychiatric disorders, call for a previous discard of neurologic treatable causes.Case reportWe report the case of a 30-year-old gentleman, receiving outpatient psychological treatment and follow-up for a 3-month history of low mood, abulia, apathy, generalized malaise, weight loss and insomnia. Non-structured jealous delusions were also present. No neurological deficit was found. After CT of the brain, a space occupying lesion, suggestive of gliobl

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Boast, Neil, and W. Jeremy Coid. "Homosexual Erotomania and HIV Infection." British Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 6 (1994): 842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.6.842.

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A case of homosexual erotomania is described in a patient with AIDS-related complex. Direct involvement of the central nervous system was thought an unlikely cause, as specific stressors appeared to have precipitated a reactive psychosis. A psychodynamic understanding of these factors and their interaction with the patient's masochism, fetishism, and personality disorder provided an alternative explanation for the onset of the paranoid illness and its symptom content. The psychodynamic aspects of acute psychotic disorders without evidence of cognitive impairment in patients with HIV infection

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Fichter, M. M., J. Rehm, M. Elton, H. Dilling, and F. Achatz. "Mortality risk and mental disorders: longitudinal results from the Upper Bavarian Study." Psychological Medicine 25, no. 2 (1995): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700036199.

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SynopsisThe object of the study was the assessment of the mortality risk for persons with a mental disorder in an unselected representative community sample assessed longitudinally. Subjects from a rural area in Upper Bavaria (Germany) participated in semi-structured interviews conducted by research physicians in the 1970s (first assessment) and death-certificate diagnoses were obtained after an interval up to 13 years later. The sample consisted of 1668 community residents aged 15 years and over.Cox regression estimates resulted in an odds ratio of 1·35 (confidence interval 1·01 to 1·81) for

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Shell, William E., Marcus Charuvastra, Mira Breitstein, et al. "Administration of an Amino Acid–Based Regimen for the Management of Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction Related to Combat-Induced Illness." Journal of Central Nervous System Disease 6 (January 2014): JCNSD.S13793. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/jcnsd.s13793.

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The etiology and pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains poorly understood. The nutritional deficiencies associated with the altered metabolic processes of PTSD have not previously been studied in detail. This pilot study measured the reduction in symptoms in 21 military veterans reporting moderate to severe symptoms associated with PTSD. Two amino acid-based medical foods specifically formulated with biogenic amines and other nutrients were administered to study subjects targeting specific neurotransmitter deficiencies resulting from altered metabolic activity associat

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Lopes, Rui Pedro, Bárbara Barroso, Leonel Deusdado, et al. "Digital Technologies for Innovative Mental Health Rehabilitation." Electronics 10, no. 18 (2021): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182260.

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Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness, characterized by the loss of the notion of reality, failing to distinguish it from the imaginary. It affects the patient in life’s major areas, such as work, interpersonal relationships, or self-care, and the usual treatment is performed with the help of anti-psychotic medication, which targets primarily the hallucinations, delirium, etc. Other symptoms, such as the decreased emotional expression or avolition, require a multidisciplinary approach, including psychopharmacology, cognitive training, and many forms of therapy. In this context, this paper

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Snaith, Philip. "Anxiety Control Training." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 1, no. 2 (1994): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.1.2.57.

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Anxiety pervades every aspect of human activity and experience. It is a normal state and a spur to action, but readily exceeds normal limits in intensity, duration and appropriateness to the stimulus or situation. Anxiety is manifest by the mood of fearfulness, behaviour marked by restlessness and avoidance of situations, increased arousal with insomnia, excessive preoccupation with thoughts on the theme of insecurity, and a wide range of somatic symptoms which are based on muscular tension, hyperventilation leading to paraesthesiae and faintness, and symptoms based on overactivity of the auto

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Post, Robert M., Susan R. B. Weiss, Gabriel S. Leverich, Mark S. George, Mark Frye, and Terence A. Ketter. "Developmental psychobiology of cyclic affective illness: Implications for early therapeutic intervention." Development and Psychopathology 8, no. 1 (1996): 273–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400007082.

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AbstractThe recurrent affective disorders are discussed from the perspective of accumulating inherited and experiential effects on gene expression. Stress and episodes of affective illness are viewed as leaving biochemical and microstructural residues in the central nervous system (CNS) in relation to their patterning, severity, and recurrence. Comorbid factors such as substance abuse and developmental disturbances may also interact with these illness-related variables. In addition to the primary pathological processes, secondary adaptive changes can also be induced, which, in concert with pha

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Spirtov, I. "The volume of changes in the cells of the brain under the influence of carbon monoxide poisoning." Neurology Bulletin VII, no. 4 (2020): 198–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb51124.

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The effect of carbon monoxide on the nervous system, obvious and in everyday, not particularly severe cases of poisoning with this gas, is illustrated by the extensive literature, growing from year to year, of cases where, after poisoning with carbon monoxide, severe pathological phenomena from the nervous system developed; At the same time, in one number of cases, such phenomena constituted a direct continuation of the poisoning, in other cases they developed after the first aftermath of poisoning passed and proceeded more or less prolonged, so to speak, a light difference, during which the s

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Westbom, Lena, and Ragnhild Kornfält. "Chronic Illness among Children in a Total Population." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 15, no. 2 (1987): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349488701500206.

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The prevalence of chronic illness of all 60800–15-year-old children in a defined geographical area in southern Sweden was studied. Information on the health status of the children was obtained from health and medical records, interviews with the district and school nurses and questionnaires to the parents. Chronic illness was defined as a disability interfering with normal life and/or demanding treatment for at least three months during the year 1981 and was revealed in 510 children corresponding to the period prevalence 84/1000 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 60–108/1000. Boys predominated.

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Yang, Hyun-Jeong, Eugene Koh, and Yunjeong Kang. "Susceptibility of Women to Cardiovascular Disease and the Prevention Potential of Mind–Body Intervention by Changes in Neural Circuits and Cardiovascular Physiology." Biomolecules 11, no. 5 (2021): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11050708.

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Women have been reported to be more vulnerable to the development, prognosis and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, yet the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and strategies to overcome them are still relatively undeveloped. Studies show that women’s brains are more sensitive to factors affecting mental health such as depression and stress than men’s brains. In women, poor mental health increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, and conversely, cardiovascular disease increases the incidence of mental illness such as depression. In connection with mental health and cardiovascular

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Parisi, Lucia, Teresa Di Filippo, and Michele Roccella. "The quality of life in girls with Rett syndrome." Mental Illness 8, no. 1 (2016): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi.2016.6302.

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Nowadays, quality of life is receiving an increasing attention in all scientific areas. Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurological development, affecting mainly females. The congenital disease affects the central nervous system, and is one of the most common causes of severe intellectual disability. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of RTT on the quality of life of people who are affected. Both parents of 18 subjects, all female, diagnosed with RTT, took part in the research. Quality of life was assessed using the Italian version of the Impact of Childhood Illness Scale. This scal

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Morris, Julia, Soddy Sau Yu Leung, Mark E. S. Bailey, et al. "Exploring the Role of Contactins across Psychological, Psychiatric and Cardiometabolic Traits within UK Biobank." Genes 11, no. 11 (2020): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11111326.

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Individuals with severe mental illness have an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases compared to the general population. Shared risk factors and medication effects explain part of this excess risk; however, there is growing evidence to suggest that shared biology (including genetic variation) is likely to contribute to comorbidity between mental and physical illness. Contactins are a family of genes involved in development of the nervous system and implicated, though genome-wide association studies, in a wide range of psychological, psychiatric and cardiometabolic conditions. Contactins a

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Walterfang, Mark, and Dennis Velakoulis. "Cortical Release Signs in Psychiatry." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 5 (2005): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01578.x.

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Objective: To review the role of cortical release signs (CRS) in neuropsychiatry. Method: A thorough literature review was conducted using Medline and Psychlit databases, and other relevant references available to the authors. Results: A number of neurological abnormalities are reported at elevated rates in neuropsychiatric conditions. CRS are a group of primitive reflexes that are present in the neonate but become inhibited as the infant central nervous system (CNS) develops, only to later re-emerge in the context of CNS disease. The clinical elicitation and interpretation of each CRS is desc

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Skaper, Stephen D., and Vincenzo Di Marzo. "Endocannabinoids in nervous system health and disease: the big picture in a nutshell." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1607 (2012): 3193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0313.

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The psychoactive component of the cannabis resin and flowers, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), was first isolated in 1964, and at least 70 other structurally related ‘phytocannabinoid’ compounds have since been identified. The serendipitous identification of a G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor at which THC is active in the brain heralded an explosion in cannabinoid research. Elements of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprise the cannabinoid receptors, a family of nascent lipid ligands, the ‘endocannabinoids’ and the machinery for their biosynthesis and metabolism. The function of the

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Zarra, J., and L. Schmidt. "The evolution of memory disorder in the ederly people: do you recover, will remain stationary or dementia?" European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72215-5.

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IntroductionEven though most than a hundred years have passed since we know Alzheimer's disease today it's considered as the human's frightful flagellum. While most of mental disease seem to be losing its evilness, the neurocognitives disorders caused by Alzheimer's disease, far from attenuating has duplicated it's appearance every each five years. And its symptoms are still being more depriving.So, in opposition to the rest of the illness that affect the nervous system and the psychic apparatus, which due to the new treatment has been attenuated the clinical forms’ Alzheimer. With its severe

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Martins, M., and R. Fernandes. "A case of neurosyphilis in a patient presenting with bipolar mixed episode suggestive symptoms." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.318.

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IntroductionSyphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. Early invasion of the central nervous system might occur early in the course of the disease. Clinical manifestations may include acute meningeal syphilis, meningovascular syphilis, paretic neurosyphilis and tabetic neurosyphilis. Psychiatric symptoms are often the presenting symptoms of this illness and the correct diagnosis involves both a high degree of suspicion and adequate diagnostic tests.ObjectivesThe authors report a case of a patient, with no previous history of mental illness, initially admitted in a

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Raison, Charles L., Michael Marcin, and Andrew H. Miller. "Antidepressant treatment of cytokine-induced mood disorders." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 14, no. 6 (2002): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.140607.x.

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Significant evidence suggests that the immune system is capable of profoundly affecting central nervous system (CNS) functioning in ways that may contribute to the development and expression of neuropsychiatric disorders, including disorders of mood. This paper reviews evidence that the production of proinflammatory cytokines, whether in the context of therapeutic administration (e.g. interferon-α-2b for hepatitis C infection) or medical illness, induces a state of sickness behavior that closely resembles major depression. Antidepressants have been shown to abolish or attenuate cytokine-induce

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Li, Qian-Qian, Guang-Xia Shi, Xin-Xing Fu, et al. "Effects of Deqi on Autonomic Balance in Adult Tinnitus Patients: Study Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/756012.

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Background. Recent reports suggest that a proportion of tinnitus patients suffer from mental illness. Autonomic nervous system plays a useful role in tinnitus therapy since electrical vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been frequently used to alleviate tinnitus-induced depression in clinic. heart rate variability (HRV), which is reflective of autonomic nervous system function, has been proved to be modulated by acupuncture. In the present study, we aim to compare the effect of deqi sensation on heart rate variability in adult tinnitus patients.Methods. Thirty participants are randomly assigned

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Anisman, Hymie. "Stress, immunity, cytokines and depression." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 14, no. 6 (2002): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5215.2002.140601.x.

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The current issue of Acta Neuropsychiatrica presents a series of papers which together provide a broad overview relating stress, immunity, cytokine activity and depressive illness, as well as the influence of cytokines on other neurological disorders. This introduction to the issue presents a broad perspective of the impact of stressors on immune functioning in animal studies and in humans, considering the potential effects of acute, subchronic and chronic stressors, as well as the contribution of previous stressor experience in promoting neurochemical and immunological alterations. Given the

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Nascimento, S., M. Mendes, C. Solana, M. Croca, and J. Reis. "Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of HIV antiviral medication." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S697—S698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1230.

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IntroductionHIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection is related to several neuropsychiatric complications, such as dementia, encephalopathy, psychosis, as well as, opportunistic infections of the central nervous system (CNS). The discovery of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has limited these conditions and extended the life span of infected patients into a chronic illness, but it is also associated with neuropsychiatric adverse effects.ObjectivesTo review the literature on the most common neuropsychiatric complications of the ART, since it can be difficult to distinguish drugs toxicity, the e

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Ortega Garcia, M., V. Marti Garnica, C. Martinez Martinez, et al. "Huntington's disease-comorbidity." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1366.

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Huntington's Korea or Huntington's disease is a pathology of the nervous central system that provokes involuntary movements those who are named Korea or San Vito's evil, changes of conduct, psychiatric alterations and dementia. It thinks that it is a slightly frequent disease among the caucasian ones (1 every 100,000 or 200,000 persons), except in Venezuela that has the highest rate of the world (1 every 10,000). It is named badly of San Vito because he was the saint, the one that was evoked to treat this type of disease. It is a neurodegenerative disease and is accompanied of atrophy of the f

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MACLEOD, A. D. (SANDY). "Delirium: The clinical concept." Palliative and Supportive Care 4, no. 3 (2006): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147895150606038x.

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Delirium is a common syndrome complicating terminal illness. It is underrecognized partly because it is a difficult clinical concept. Consciousness, awareness, alertness, arousal, awakeness, vigilance, and attention are some of the terms used to describe the deficits occurring in delirium. Though interconnected, they are often loosely defined. Alertness is the primary impairment, and attentional deficits are objective clinical indices of the cognitive impairments of delirium. Simple bedside assessments of delirium are considered. The “deliriant” threshold and the symptomatic fluctuations of de

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Rybakowski, Janusz K. "Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)—A Mediating Enzyme in Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders." Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology 2009 (August 31, 2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/904836.

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Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) has been implicated in numerous somatic illnesses, including cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Recently, MMP9 has been shown to be increasingly important in several aspects of central nervous system activity. Furthermore, a pathogenic role for this enzyme has been suggested in such neuropsychiatric disorders as schizophrenia, bipolar illness, and multiple sclerosis. In this paper, the results of biochemical and molecular-genetic studies on MMP9 that have been performed in these pathological conditions will be summarized. Furthermore, I hypothesize that the

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Zhou, Yan-Fang, Jun-Chao Huang, Ping Zhang, et al. "Choroid Plexus Enlargement and Allostatic Load in Schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, no. 3 (2019): 722–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbz100.

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Abstract Although schizophrenia is a brain disorder, increasing evidence suggests that there may be body-wide involvement in this illness. However, direct evidence of brain structures involved in the presumed peripheral-central interaction in schizophrenia is still unclear. Seventy-nine previously treatment-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients who were within 2-week antipsychotics initial stabilization, and 41 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Group differences in subcortical brain regional structures measured by MRI and the subclinical cardiovascular, met

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Paulus, Martin P., Justin S. Feinstein, and Sahib S. Khalsa. "An Active Inference Approach to Interoceptive Psychopathology." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 15, no. 1 (2019): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095617.

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Interoception refers to the process by which the nervous system senses and integrates signals originating from within the body, providing a momentary mapping of the body's internal landscape and its relationship to the outside world. Active inference is based on the premise that afferent sensory input to the brain is constantly shaped and modified by prior expectations. In this review we propose that interoceptive psychopathology results from two primary interoceptive dysfunctions: First, individuals have abnormally strong expectations of the situations that elicit bodily change (i.e., hyperpr

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Ahmad, Zaki, Yara W. Moustafa, John W. Stiller, et al. "Sleep onset insomnia, daytime sleepiness and sleep duration in relationship to Toxoplasma gondii IgG seropositivity and serointensity." Pteridines 28, no. 3-4 (2017): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2017-0010.

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AbstractToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infects central nervous tissue and is kept in relative dormancy by a healthy immune system. Sleep disturbances have been found to precipitate mental illness, suicidal behavior and car accidents, which have been previously linked to T. gondii as well. We speculated that if sleep disruption, particularly insomnia, would mediate, at least partly, the link between T. gondii infection and related behavioral dysregulation, then we would be able to identify significant associations between sleep disruption and T. gondii. The mechanisms for such an association may

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Post, Robert M., Susan R. B. Weiss, and Gabriele S. Leverich. "Recurrent affective disorder: Roots in developmental neurobiology and illness progression based on changes in gene expression." Development and Psychopathology 6, no. 4 (1994): 781–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004788.

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AbstractElectrophysiological kindling and behavioral sensitization to psychomotor stimulants and stress provide paradigms for understanding how repeated acute events can leave neurobiological residues in gene expression, accounting for the observed long-lasting alterations in behavioral responsivity. Kindling helps conceptualize how repeated electrical stimulation of the brain can progressively evoke increased behavioral and convulsive responsivity, leading to spontaneous seizures in the absence of exogenous stimulation following sufficient stimulations. As kindling unfolds, a complex spatiote

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Tchernev, Georgi, Ilia Lozev, Ivanka Temelkova, Svetoslav Chernin, and Irina Yungareva. "Schizophrenia as Potential Trigger for Melanoma Development and Progression! The Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Oncology (P.N.E.O) Network!" Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 8 (2018): 1442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.276.

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BACKGROUND: Skin, nervous tissue, dopamine and melanoma share a common neuroectodermal origin. Hence, processes that modulate nervous tissue formation, patient mental status, motor regulation of individuals, and skin cancerogenesis are inextricably linked. Psycho-neuro-endocrine oncology (or dermato-oncology), i.e. P.N.E.O., is a new model or trend in medicine and science presented for the first time in the world literature by us, that aims to examine the relationship between the mental state, the hormones and the malignant transformation. Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease are the two main

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McCarthy, Stuart. "Malaria Prevention, Mefloquine Neurotoxicity, Neuropsychiatric Illness, and Risk-Benefit Analysis in the Australian Defence Force." Journal of Parasitology Research 2015 (2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/287651.

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The Australian Defence Force (ADF) has used mefloquine for malaria chemoprophylaxis since 1990. Mefloquine has been found to be a plausible cause of a chronic central nervous system toxicity syndrome and a confounding factor in the diagnosis of existing neuropsychiatric illnesses prevalent in the ADF such as posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. Overall health risks appear to have been mitigated by restricting the drug’s use; however serious risks were realised when significant numbers of ADF personnel were subjected to clinical trials involving the drug. The full extent of

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Pang, Dong, Saddaf Syed, Paul Fine, and Peter B. Jones. "No Association between Prenatal Viral Infection and Depression in Later Life—A Long-Term Cohort Study of 6152 Subjects." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 8 (2009): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400809.

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Objective: Previous studies have suggested a role for prenatal viral infections in the etiology of schizophrenia; however, little is known about depression. We examined whether in-utero viral infections result in increased risk of depression in later life. Method: We identified a cohort ( n = 3076) born between 1946 and 1980, whose mothers suffered known viral infections in pregnancy. Subjects were individually matched by birthdate, sex, and area of birth to another cohort ( n = 3076) from the UK National Health Service Central Register (NHSCR). These 2 cohorts, one exposed to viruses prenatal

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KIM, DAECHANG, SEUNGBONG LEE, SUNGMIN KIM, and JAEHOON JEONG. "CONFIRMATION OF THE CLINICAL VALUE AND THE EFFECT OF SOUND BIOFEEDBACK ON THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM THROUGH HEART RATE VARIABILITY ANALYSIS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 21, no. 04 (2021): 2150036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519421500366.

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The purpose of this study is to suggest sound biofeedback, which is a new technique of early stress relief effect by observing change in the heart rate variability (HRV). The sound biofeedback imitating heart rate of the comfortable and stress state is termed parasympathetic stimulation sound (PSS) and sympathetic stimulation sound (SSS), respectively. Twelve subjects were selected without previous history of cardiovascular diseases and mental illness, such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, depression and panic disorder. To confirm the changes in the low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF)

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Hys, Michał, Nikodem Skoczeń, Ewelina Soroka, and Marcin Olajossy. "Structural and functional changes in the central nervous system in the course of anorexia nervosa." Current Problems of Psychiatry 18, no. 4 (2017): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpp-2017-0025.

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AbstractNew achievements within structural and functional imaging of central nervous system offer a basis for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying many mental disorders. In everyday clinical practice, we encounter many difficulties in the therapy of eating disorders. They are caused by a complex psychopathological picture, varied grounds of the problems experienced by patients, often poor motivation for active participation in the treatment process, difficulties in communication between patients and therapeutic staff, and various biological conditions of eating disorders. In this

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