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Luc Roelandt, Jean, Aude Caria, Imane Benradia, and Simon Vasseur Bacle. "De l’autostigmatisation aux origines du processus de stigma- tisation. A propos de l’enquête internationale « Santé mentale en population générale : images et réalités » en France et dans 17 pays." Psychology, Society, & Education 4, no. 2 (2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v4i2.487.
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Resume: L’archétype du « fou » représente le paradigme du processus de stigmatisation et l’histoire de la folie apparaît comme une tentative de la faire disparaître en la médicalisant au profit de la notion de « maladie mentale ». Les résultats de l’enquête internationale SMPG nous montrent l’échec de la médicalisation de la folie à réduire la stigmatisation. Cette enquête décrit les représentations sociales associées aux archétypes du « fou », du « malade mental » et du « dépressif ». Réalisée en France (67 sites d’enquête) et dans 17 pays (20 sites internationaux), elle décrit les variants et invariants de ces trois archétypes. Elle décrit les facteurs d’une stigmatisation importante pour le groupe « fou / malade mental » : non responsabilité, non contrôlabilité, médicalisation, mauvais pronostic et dangerosité. Quel que soit le pays, le noyau dur des représentations associant folie et danger est enraciné dans l’imaginaire collectif et le « malade mental » porte les attributs d’un « fou » médicalisé. A l’inverse, l’étiquette « dé- pressif » semble plus acceptable et moins exposée à la stigmatisation. Très peu de personnes se reconnaissent dans la représentation collective du « fou » ou du “malade mental”, même celles qui ont des troubles mentaux diagnostiqués. Dès lors, comment sortir de la dichotomie folie/raison, eux/nous à la base du processus de stigmatisation, si pour tout le monde, et même les personnes qui ont des troubles, le fou c’est l’autre? Ce sera peut-être le rôle des patients eux-mêmes de lutter contre la stigmatisation et l’auto stigmatisation dans les années à venir. From the self-stigmatization to the origins of the stigmatization process. With regard to the survey «Mental health in the general population: images and realities» in France and 17 countries Abstract: The archetype of the ‘mad’ represents the paradigm of the stigmatization process and the history of madness appear as an attempt to make it disappear by their medicalization for the benefit of the concept of ‘mental illness ‘. The SMPG international survey results show the failure of the medicalization of madness to reduce stigma. This investigation describes the social representations associated to the archetypes of the ‘mad’, the “mentally ill” and the “depressed”. Made in France (67 sites) and in 17 countries (20 international sites), she describes the variants and invariants of these three archetypes. It describes the factors of significant stigmatization for the group ‘ mad / mentally ill ‘: non-responsibility, non-controllability, medicalization, poor prognosis and dangerousness. Regardless of the country, the hard core of representations combining madness and danger is rooted in the collective imagination and the “mentally ill” bears the attributes of a ‘mad’ medicalized. Conversely, the “depressive” label seems more acceptable and less exposed to stigma. Very few people recognize themselves in the collective representation of the ‘mad’ or the ‘mentally ill’, even those who have diagnosed mental disorders. Therefore, how to exit to the dichotomies madness/reason, us /them that are at the base of the process of stigmatization, if for all the people, and even people who have mental disorders, mad it is the other? This may be the role of the patients themselves to combat the stigma and self-stigma in the years to come.
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Ricciardelli, Rosemary, R. Nicholas Carleton, Taylor Mooney, and Heidi Cramm. "“Playing the system”: Structural factors potentiating mental health stigma, challenging awareness, and creating barriers to care for Canadian public safety personnel." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 24, no. 3 (2018): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318800167.
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There are growing concerns about the impact of public safety work on the mental health of public safety personnel; as such, we explored systemic and individual factors that might dissuade public safety personnel from seeking care. Public safety personnel barriers to care-seeking include the stigma associated with mental disorders and frequent reports of insufficient access to care. To better understand barriers to care-seeking, we thematically analyzed the optional open-ended final comments provided by over 828 Canadian public safety personnel as part of a larger online survey designed to assess the prevalence of mental disorders among public safety personnel. Our results indicated that systematic processes may have (1) shaped public safety personnel decisions for care-seeking, (2) influenced how care-seekers were viewed by their colleagues, and (3) encouraged under-awareness of personal mental health needs. We described how public safety personnel who do seek care may be viewed by others; in particular, we identified widespread participant suspicion that coworkers who took the time to address their mental health needs were “abusing the system.” We explored what constitutes “abusing the system” and how organizational structures—systematic processes within different public safety organizations—might facilitate such notions of abuse. We found that understaffing may increase scrutiny of injured public safety personnel by those left to manage the additional burden; in addition, cynicism and unacknowledged structural stigma may emerge, preventing the other public safety personnel from identifying their mental health needs and seeking help. Finally, we discuss how system-level stigma can be potentiated by fiscal constraints when public safety personnel take any leave of absence, inadvertently contributing to an organizational culture wherein help-seeking for employment-related mental health concerns becomes unacceptable. Implications for public safety personnel training and future research needs are discussed.
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Pescosolido, Bernice A. "The Public Stigma of Mental Illness." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 54, no. 1 (2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146512471197.
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By the 1990s, sociology faced a frustrating paradox. Classic work on mental illness stigma and labeling theory reinforced that the “mark” of mental illness created prejudice and discrimination for individuals and family members. Yet that foundation, coupled with deinstitutionalization of mental health care, produced contradictory responses. Claims that stigma was dissipating were made, while others argued that intervention efforts were needed to reduce stigma. While signaling the critical role of theory-based research in establishing the pervasive effects of stigma, both claims directed resources away from social science research. Yet the contemporary scientific foundation underlying both claims was weak. A reply came in a resurgence of research directed toward mental illness stigma nationally and internationally, bringing together researchers from different disciplines for the first time. I report on the general population’s attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral dispositions that targeted public stigma and implications for the next decade of research and intervention efforts.
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Kaur, Ramanpreet. "Mental Illness in India." Defence Life Science Journal 2, no. 1 (2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.2.10819.
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<p>The armed territorial conflicts, terror activities, and failing economies in several countries are breeding mental health issues. Mental illness, shrouded by stigma is the elephant in the room here which is finally acknowledged by the society and the policy makers. Both the military as well as the civilian society are affected. The rigours of military life and the daily anxiety of civilian society, both appear to be leading to mental health issues in defence personnel and the civilians. In India, with limited medical resources, the situation is even grim. In this review paper, the focus remains on the issues of mental health and mental illness, which have recently come to the fore on account of many national happenings in last few years. The paper explores the extant literature on mental illness in India and outlines the meaning of mental illness, discusses the legislations and Government’s programmes and initiatives regarding the promotion of mental health. The issue of mental health is discussed in light of rising suicide incidence in our soldiers which is a cause of concern. The paper culminates with the suggestions for further research and remedial measures.</p><p> </p><p align="right"><em> </em></p><p align="right"><em> </em></p>
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Marques, A. J., T. Barbosa, and C. Queiros. "Stigma in mental health: perceptions of students who will be future health professionals." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73144-3.
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IntroductionActually, in society, stigma against mental illness stills strong, making difficult to develop recovery and social integration of people suffering from mental illness, witch affects their well-being and quality of life. Studies indicates that stigma can be elicited by different social groups, which include, in addition to the general population, the relatives, the individuals with mental illness and event health professionals (Schulze, 2007).AimsCompare attitudes and stigma against mental illness from students who will work in mental health teams.MethodsData were collected using a translation of Attribution Questionnaire - AQ 27 (Corrigan, 2003), fulfil in an anonym way from 486 Portuguese students of Medicine, Psychology, Occupational Therapy and Nursing. The sample was composed by 22% male and 78% female; mean age 20.4 years, 65% at begging of the course and 35% finishing.ResultsThe data reveal that the sample has little contact with mentally ill individuals (only 19% have relatives with mental illness). Students from Medicine and Psychology present higher values in stigma dimensions, while Occupational Therapy and Nursing show lower values. Students begging the course shows higher stigma than those finishing. Having regular contact with mentally ill individuals seems to decrease stigma attitudes.ConclusionsSome attitudes related to stigma were found, contradicting the actual knowledge about mental illness and politics of social inclusion. It seems necessary to modify theoretical topics about mental illness learned by students, and also pedagogical methods. Therefore, stigma and social exclusion will be discuss and avoid since the beginning of the courses.
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Bryan, Craig J., David Wood, Michael Applegarth, and AnnaBelle O. Bryan. "Subtypes of Mental Health Stigma and Barriers to Care Among National Guard Personnel: Results of a Latent Class Analysis." Armed Forces & Society 46, no. 3 (2019): 424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x19842220.
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U.S. National Guard (NG) military personnel experience many barriers to care such as limited access to health-care services and geographic separation from service providers. Although stigma and barriers to mental health care have been examined in the military, little is known about how different facets of stigma and barriers to care might impact different military subgroups. In a sample of 965 NG personnel, latent class analysis was used to identify distinct subgroups of stigma and barriers to care. Four groups were identified: no stigma or barriers (31%), mild stigma and barriers (30%), high stigma and career concerns (20%), and moderate stigma and barriers (20%). Classes significantly differed with respect to several demographic characteristics, rates of mental health conditions, and rates of previous suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Results suggest that different subgroups of NG personnel vary with respect to levels of perceived stigma, barriers to care, and mental health needs.
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Vogt, Dawne, Brooke A. L. Di Leone, Joyce M. Wang, Nina A. Sayer, Suzanne L. Pineles, and Brett T. Litz. "Endorsed and Anticipated Stigma Inventory (EASI): A tool for assessing beliefs about mental illness and mental health treatment among military personnel and veterans." Psychological Services 11, no. 1 (2014): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032780.
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Rubio-Valera, Maria, Ignacio Aznar-Lou, Mireia Vives-Collet, Ana Fernández, Montserrat Gil-Girbau, and Antoni Serrano-Blanco. "Reducing the Mental Health–Related Stigma of Social Work Students." Research on Social Work Practice 28, no. 2 (2016): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731516641492.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a social contact and education intervention to improve attitudes to mental illness in first-year social work students. This was a 3-month cluster randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms: intervention (87) and control group (79). The intervention was a workshop led by an OBERTAMENT activist (a person with a mental illness trained in communication skills and empowerment by a social worker). We assessed intended future behavior toward people with mental illness, personal and perceived stigma, and mental health–related attitudes (self-reported questionnaire). The intervention improved social work students’ attitudes ( d ≈ 0.50, p < .05) and reduced personal stigma toward people with mental illness ( d = 0.35, p = .04) as well as improving their future intended behavior 2 weeks after the intervention ( d = 0.51, p = .01). The intervention impact on authoritarian attitudes toward people with schizophrenia was maintained after 3 months ( d = 0.94, p = .01). Long-term impact needs to be improved.
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Evans-Lacko, S., E. Brohan, R. Mojtabai, and G. Thornicroft. "Association between public views of mental illness and self-stigma among individuals with mental illness in 14 European countries." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 8 (2011): 1741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711002558.
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BackgroundLittle is known about how the views of the public are related to self-stigma among people with mental health problems. Despite increasing activity aimed at reducing mental illness stigma, there is little evidence to guide and inform specific anti-stigma campaign development and messages to be used in mass campaigns. A better understanding of the association between public knowledge, attitudes and behaviours and the internalization of stigma among people with mental health problems is needed.MethodThis study links two large, international datasets to explore the association between public stigma in 14 European countries (Eurobarometer survey) and individual reports of self-stigma, perceived discrimination and empowerment among persons with mental illness (n=1835) residing in those countries [the Global Alliance of Mental Illness Advocacy Networks (GAMIAN) study].ResultsIndividuals with mental illness living in countries with less stigmatizing attitudes, higher rates of help-seeking and treatment utilization and better perceived access to information had lower rates of self-stigma and perceived discrimination and those living in countries where the public felt more comfortable talking to people with mental illness had less self-stigma and felt more empowered.ConclusionsTargeting the general public through mass anti-stigma interventions may lead to a virtuous cycle by disrupting the negative feedback engendered by public stigma, thereby reducing self-stigma among people with mental health problems. A combined approach involving knowledge, attitudes and behaviour is needed; mass interventions that facilitate disclosure and positive social contact may be the most effective. Improving availability of information about mental health issues and facilitating access to care and help-seeking also show promise with regard to stigma.
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WonPat-Borja, Ahtoy J., Lawrence H. Yang, Bruce G. Link, and Jo C. Phelan. "Eugenics, genetics, and mental illness stigma in Chinese Americans." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 47, no. 1 (2010): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0319-7.
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Varker, Tracey, Olivia Metcalf, David Forbes, et al. "Research into Australian emergency services personnel mental health and wellbeing: An evidence map." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 2 (2017): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417738054.
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Background: Evidence maps are a method of systematically characterising the range of research activity in broad topic areas and are a tool for guiding research priorities. Aims: ‘Evidence-mapping’ methodology was used to quantify the nature and distribution of recent peer-reviewed research into the mental health and wellbeing of Australian emergency services personnel. Methods: A search of the PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases was performed for primary research articles that were published between January 2011 and July 2016. Results: In all, 43 studies of primary research were identified and mapped. The majority of the research focused on organisational and individual/social factors and how they relate to mental health problems/wellbeing. There were several areas of research where very few studies were detected through the mapping process, including suicide, personality, stigma and pre-employment factors that may contribute to mental health outcomes and the use of e-health. No studies were detected which examined the prevalence of self-harm and/or harm to others, bullying, alcohol/substance use, barriers to care or experience of families of emergency services personnel. In addition, there was no comprehensive national study that had investigated all sectors of emergency services personnel. Conclusion: This evidence map highlights the need for future research to address the current gaps in mental health and wellbeing research among Australian emergency services personnel. Improved understanding of the mental health and wellbeing of emergency services personnel, and the factors that contribute, should guide organisations’ wellbeing policies and procedures.
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Weiss, Marc Franchot. "Children's Attitudes toward Mental Illness as Assessed by the Opinions about Mental Illness Scale." Psychological Reports 57, no. 1 (1985): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.1.251.
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Research on attitudes toward mental illness held by the public, by mental health professionals and personnel, and by psychiatric patients and their families is substantial. Little attention has been given to children's attitudes toward mental illness and the mentally ill, so this exploratory-descriptive study examined the developmental trends of children's attitudes toward the mentally ill. An adaptation of the Opinions About Mental Illness Scale was given to 512 elementary school age children who were placed in Grades 2, 4, 6, and 8. It was determined that with increasing grade/age children took a less authoritarian attitude toward the mentally ill and viewed mentally ill persons as more like themselves. Children rook an increasingly parernalistic view of the mentally ill, were less likely to see mental illness as an illness like any other, perceived mental patients as less of a threat to society and needing fewer restrictions. Finally, with increasing age/grade children perceived mental illness as less likely attributable to inadequate, deprived or interpersonal experiences. Results were discussed in terms of a relatively increased “positive attitude” and the relative acceptance and rejection of the mentally ill.
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Merhej, Rita. "Stigma on mental illness in the Arab world: beyond the socio-cultural barriers." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 12, no. 4 (2019): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-03-2019-0025.
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Purpose Research on mental illness stigma in the Arab world has traditionally focused on socio-cultural barriers that deprive persons with mental illness from their fundamental human right for privacy and informed consent. The purpose of this paper is to address the question whether or not mental health legislations in a number of Arab countries effectively safeguard the human rights of people with mental illness and protect them from stigmatizing and discriminatory practices. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative review of literature was performed over two rounds of search, targeting published research on mental illness stigma in the Arab world from year 2000 until now and existing national mental health legislations in the Arab world, using English and Arabic databases. Findings The review reveals that beyond society and culture, persistence of mental illness stigma in the Arab world may be explained by absent or inefficient monitoring mechanisms of mental health legislations and policies within the health-care setting. Although integration of mental health services into the primary health care system is being gradually implemented as a step toward de-stigmatization of mental illness, more remains to be done to change the stigmatizing behavior of the health personnel toward mental illness. Originality/value Mental health authorities in the Arab world need to be more aware of the public perceptions explaining people’s fear and reluctance to seek mental health care, so as to ensure that the control and monitoring mechanisms at both the primary and mental health care levels foster a human rights, culturally competent, patient-friendly and non-stigmatizing model of mental health care.
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Thompson, Mark G., Allison Naleway, Sarah Ball, et al. "Subjective social status predicts wintertime febrile acute respiratory illness among women healthcare personnel." Health Psychology 33, no. 3 (2014): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032764.
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Chee, Cornelia Y. I., Tze Pin Ng, and Ee Heok Kua. "Comparing the stigma of mental illness in a general hospital with a state mental hospital." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 40, no. 8 (2005): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0932-z.
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Rüsch, Nicolas, Elaine Brohan, Jheanell Gabbidon, Graham Thornicroft, and Sarah Clement. "Stigma and disclosing one’s mental illness to family and friends." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 49, no. 7 (2014): 1157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0871-7.
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DuPont-Reyes, Melissa J., Alice P. Villatoro, Jo C. Phelan, Kris Painter, and Bruce G. Link. "Media language preferences and mental illness stigma among Latinx adolescents." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 55, no. 7 (2019): 929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01792-w.
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Rukavina, Tea Vukušić, Alexander Nawka, Ognjen Brborović, et al. "Development of the PICMIN (picture of mental illness in newspapers): instrument to assess mental illness stigma in print media." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 47, no. 7 (2011): 1131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0419-z.
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Li, Jing, Yongcong Shao, Mingdong Yun, Zhang Yan, Ke Yu, and Minggao Li. "The Mental Health Status of Chinese Medical Peacekeepers in Lebanon." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 40, no. 3 (2012): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.3.375.
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We investigated the mental health status of Chinese medical peacekeepers in Lebanon. In total, 59 peacekeepers completed the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS; Zung, 1965), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS; Zung, 1971), and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90; Wang, 1984) 1 week after their arrival in Lebanon. These data were compared with those of 62 military personnel (control group 1) and 58 medical workers (control group 2). Significant differences were found between the peacekeeping group and control group 1 concerning sum scores on the SDS and SAS, and a number of SCL-90 factors. Although peacekeepers had good mental health status 1 week after arrival, this needs to be assessed longitudinally in future research.
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Michaels, Patrick J., Marcelino López, Nicolas Rüsch, and Patrick W. Corrigan. "Constructs and concepts comprising the stigma of mental illness." Psychology, Society, & Education 4, no. 2 (2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v4i2.490.
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Abstract: People with mental illness frequently confront public stigma and may experience self-stigma. This review discusses the concepts of mental illness stigma and its consequences for those with mental illness. After a conceptual overview of stigma prominent consequences pertaining to public stigma (i.e., employment, health care quality) and self-stigma (i.e., self-confidence, quality of life, “why try” effect) are reviewed. We discuss the three main public stigma change strategies - protest, education, and contact – as well as current selfstigma change strategies (e.g., psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy). We conclude by noting that anti-stigma initiatives with more tailored content for specific groups (e.g., police officers vs. general public) may diminish the negative consequences of mental illness stigma by providing more concrete ways to help stigmatized people.Constructos y conceptos abarcativos del estigma sobre la enfermedad mental Resumen: Las personas con enfermedades mentales con frecuencia se enfrentan al estigma público y pueden experimentar autoestigma. Esta revisión analiza los conceptos referidos al estigma de las enfermedades mentales y sus consecuencias para las personas que las padecen. Después de una visión global de carácter conceptual sobre el estigma, se examinan las consecuencias más importantes del estigma público (por ejemplo empleo y calidad de la atención) y del auto-estigma (por ejemplo auto confianza, calidad de vida o el efecto “por qué intentarlo”). Se discuten también las tres principales estrategias de cambio del estigma público - protesta, educación y contacto – así como las estrategias actuales de intervención sobre el auto-estigma (por ejemplo, psicoeducación y terapia cognitiva-conductual). Concluimos señalando que iniciativas anti-estigma con contenidos específicamente adaptados para grupos específicos (por ejemplo, agentes de policía frente al público en general) pueden disminuir las consecuencias negativas del estigma de la enfermedad mental proporcionando vías más concretas para ayudar a las personas estigmatizadas.
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Frey, Laura M., Jason D. Hans, and Julie Cerel. "Perceptions of Suicide Stigma." Crisis 37, no. 2 (2016): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000358.
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Abstract. Background: Previous research has failed to examine perceptions of stigma experienced by individuals with a history of suicidal behavior, and few studies have examined how stigma is experienced based on whether it was perceived from treatment providers or social network members. Aims: This study examined stigma experienced by individuals with previous suicidal behavior from both treatment providers and individuals in one’s social and family networks. Method: Individuals (n = 156) with a lifetime history of suicidal behavior were recruited through the American Association of Suicidology listserv. Results: Respondents reported the highest rates of perceived stigma with a close family member (57.1%) and emergency department personnel (56.6%). Results indicated that individuals with previous suicidal behavior were more likely to experience stigma from non-mental health providers and social network members than from mental health providers. A hierarchical regression model including both source and type of stigma accounted for more variance (R2 = .14) in depression symptomology than a model (R2 = .06) with only type of stigma. Prevalence of stigma perceived from social network members was the best predictor of depression symptom severity. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for future research on how social network members react to suicide disclosure and potential interventions for improving interactions following disclosure.
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Phelan, Jo C. "Geneticization of Deviant Behavior and Consequences for Stigma: The Case of Mental Illness." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 46, no. 4 (2005): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002214650504600401.
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One likely consequence of the genetics revolution is an increased tendency to understand human behavior in genetic terms. How might this “geneticization” affect stigma? Attribution theory predicts a reduction in stigma via reduced blame, anger, and punishment and increased sympathy and help. According to “genetic essentialist” thinking, genes are the basis of human identity and strongly deterministic of behavior. If such ideas are commonly accepted, geneticization should exacerbate stigma by increasing perceptions of differentness, persistence, seriousness, and transmissibility, which in turn should increase social distance and reproductive restrictiveness. I test these predictions using the case of mental illness and a vignette experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey. There was little support for attribution theory predictions. Consistent with genetic essentialism, genetic attributions increased the perceived seriousness and persistence of the mental illness and the belief that siblings and children would develop the same problem. Genetic attribution did not affect reproductive restrictiveness or social distance from the ill person but did increase social distance from the person's sibling, particularly regarding intimate forms of contact involving dating, marriage, and having children.
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Tavarez, Maria I., Helen Chun, and Michael P. Anastario. "Correlates of Sexual Risk Behavior in Sexually Active Male Military Personnel Stationed Along Border-Crossing Zones in the Dominican Republic." American Journal of Men's Health 5, no. 1 (2010): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988310362097.
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Context: A survey was conducted of sexually active male military personnel stationed along major border-crossing zones between the Dominican Republic (DR) and Haiti, taking an applied scientific approach, to better inform prevention programming with military personnel in the region. Design and method: A subsample of 470 sexually active male military personnel was drawn from a stratified systematic sample of military personnel stationed along the three largest border-crossing zones on the western border of the Dominican Republic. Using a verbally administered questionnaire, an examination of how foci of current HIV prevention programming with military personnel correlated with key sexual risk behavioral outcomes was conducted. Results: Mental health factors such as probable alcohol abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder showed consistent associations with sexual risk behaviors. Participants showed a relatively high level of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, a moderate level of negative attitudes toward condoms, and a moderate level of stigma toward people living with HIV/AIDS. Psychosocial factors, which are typically preventive in nature, were not associated with decreased sexual risk behaviors. Conclusion: Gaps were identified in HIV prevention programming that need to be addressed in this population of sexually active male military personnel. Although knowledge, attitudes, and psychosocial factors are important foci of HIV prevention programming, they were not associated with sexual risk behaviors, particularly after controlling for mental health factors. The authors suggest that prevalent psychiatric disorders in military personnel, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, should be factored in to the development of HIV prevention programs for military personnel.
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Carleton, R. Nicholas, Tracie O. Afifi, Tamara Taillieu, et al. "Assessing the Relative Impact of Diverse Stressors among Public Safety Personnel." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041234.
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Public Safety Personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional workers and officers, firefighters, paramedics, police officers, and public safety communications officials (e.g., call center operators/dispatchers)) are regularly exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs). PSP also experience other occupational stressors, including organizational (e.g., staff shortages, inconsistent leadership styles) and operational elements (e.g., shift work, public scrutiny). The current research quantified occupational stressors across PSP categories and assessed for relationships with PPTEs and mental health disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression). The participants were 4820 PSP (31.7% women) responding to established self-report measures for PPTEs, occupational stressors, and mental disorder symptoms. PPTEs and occupational stressors were associated with mental health disorder symptoms (ps < 0.001). PSP reported substantial difficulties with occupational stressors associated with mental health disorder symptoms, even after accounting for diverse PPTE exposures. PPTEs may be inevitable for PSP and are related to mental health; however, leadership style, organizational engagement, stigma, sleep, and social environment are modifiable variables that appear significantly related to mental health.
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Benson, Jill, Dimity Pond, Michelle Funk, Frances Hughes, Xiangdong Wang, and Len Tarivonda. "A New Era in Mental Health Care in Vanuatu." International Journal of Family Medicine 2011 (April 5, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/590492.
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Inequity in health-care delivery for those with mental illness is widespread throughout low- and middle-income countries. In the Pacific Island countries there are many barriers to addressing the growing mental health burden. In an effort to address this problem, the WHO is coordinating the Pacific Islands Mental Health Network involving 18 countries in the Pacific region with the financial support of New Zealand Aid (NZAid). JB and DP have developed and presented mental health training to health professionals, community leaders, and social service personnel in an environment in Vanuatu that is very different from that of their usual Australian-based general practices. They discuss evidence for their work, an outline of the programme, some difficulties working across different cultures, and the enthusiasm with which the training has been greeted. Vanuatu is now well on its way to addressing the inequity of access to mental health care with a culturally appropriate and self-sustaining mental health workforce.
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Crone, Diane M., Mustafa Sarkar, Thomas Curran, et al. "Mental health first aid for the UK Armed Forces." Health Promotion International 35, no. 1 (2019): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day112.
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Abstract Education programmes in mental health literacy can address stigma and misunderstanding of mental health. This study investigated self-rated differences in knowledge, attitudes and confidence around mental health issues following participation in a bespoke Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training course for the Armed Forces. The mixed methods approach comprised quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. A survey, administered immediately post-training (n = 602) and again at 10-months post-attendance (n = 120), asked participants to rate their knowledge, attitudes and confidence around mental health issues pre- and post-training. Quantitative findings revealed a significant increase in knowledge, positive attitudes and confidence from the post-training survey which was sustained at 10-months follow-up.Semi-structured telephone interviews (n = 13) were conducted at follow-up, 6-months post-attendance. Qualitative findings revealed that participation facilitated an ‘ambassador’ type role for participants. This study is the first to have investigated the effect of MHFA in an Armed Forces community. Findings show participants perceived the training to increase knowledge regarding mental health and to enhance confidence and aptitude for identifying and supporting people with mental health problems. Results suggest that such an intervention can provide support for personnel, veterans and their families, regarding mental health in Armed Forces communities.
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Carr, Erika R., Ranjit Bhagwat, Rebecca Miller, and Allison N. Ponce. "Training in Mental Health Recovery and Social Justice in the Public Sector." Counseling Psychologist 42, no. 8 (2014): 1108–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000014555200.
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Individuals who experience serious mental illness (SMI) frequently encounter stigma and disenfranchisement. Attention to this concern necessitates a social justice focus within the mental health field. This article explores the significance and critical foundations of a psychology training experience grounded in a social justice and recovery-oriented perspective to answer the call for a focus on social justice and empowerment for individuals with SMI in mental health recovery. A specific training program is highlighted as an example of how social justice and recovery-oriented psychology training can be conducted. It includes theoretical foundations, trainee and supervision factors, a training model, and a description of didactic, clinical, consultation, interdisciplinary, and recovery-initiative training experiences. Last, specific successes and challenges of this type of training experience, as well as recommendations for future program development, are shared.
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Manning, Cressida, and Peter D. White. "Attitudes of employers to the mentally ill." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 9 (1995): 541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.9.541.
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Patients often ask psychiatrists for advice on how to answer questions about their health, when seeking employment. They fear not being employed if they declare that they have suffered from a mental illness. The attitudes of personnel directors of 200 randomly chosen public limited companies were measured. This confirmed significant reluctance, stigma and ignorance about employing and believing the mentally ill. Employers decided whether to employ someone by considering the fob description, the standard of previous work, whether the applicant was receiving treatment, previous time off sick, and the particular illness suffered. Those with depression were more likely to be employed than those with schizophrenia or alcoholism. The largest companies were significantly more likely to employ patients and were less likely to seek dismissal than the smallest. Employers would welcome more information about mental ill health. Potential employees should approach large firms and seek treatment.
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Zinzow, Heidi M., Thomas W. Britt, Cynthia L. S. Pury, Mary Anne Raymond, Anna C. McFadden, and Crystal M. Burnette. "Barriers and Facilitators of Mental Health Treatment Seeking Among Active-Duty Army Personnel." Military Psychology 25, no. 5 (2013): 514–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mil0000015.
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Nakash, Ora, and Itzhak Levav. "Mental health stigma in a multicultural society: the case of Israel." Psychology, Society, & Education 4, no. 2 (2017): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v4i2.491.
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Abstract: The paper reviews the available information on the stigma associated with mental health in a multicultural society such as that of Israel, where as usually, no group of the population is free of this complex and ubiquitous social phenomenon. To try to understand the process is reviewed the available scientific literature on the prevalence of stigma in mental health in different population sectors, putting it in relation with the knowledge that social psychology offers on social mechanisms of production and perpetuation of the stigma. Finally suggests some directions to face the heavy burden of stigma in people with mental illness. Salud Mental en una sociedad multicultural: el caso de Israel Resumen: El artículo revisa la información disponible sobre el estigma relacionado con problemas de salud mental en una sociedad multicultural como es la de Israel, en la que como sucede habitualmente, ningún grupo de la población está libre de este complejo y ubicuo fenómeno social. Para intentar entender el proceso se revisa la literatura científica disponible sobre prevalencia del estigma en salud mental en distintos sectores poblacionales, poniéndola en relación con los conocimientos que la psicología social ofrece sobre los mecanismos sociales de producción y perpetuación del estigma. Finalmente se sugieren algunas direcciones para enfrentar la pesada carga del estigma en las personas con enfermedad mental.
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Rajhans, Pallavi, Koushik Sinha Deb, and Rakesh Kumar Chadda. "COVID-19 Pandemic and the Mental Health of Health Care Workers: Awareness to Action." Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) 56, no. 03 (2020): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715285.
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AbstractThe enormity of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has overwhelmed most health services and has placed health care service providers under unprecedented stress. The rapidity of spread, uncertain clinical course, and unavailability of effective treatment make clinical decisions cognitively demanding. Extended work hours inside uncomfortable protective gears, improper hydration, with conflictual health systems and patients at work; and social stigma and isolation after it ends, have created an unending downward spiral of mental health in care providers. Care providers are at increased risk of developing mental health problems in form of burnout, stress reactions, anxiety, depression, and post trauma stress. Concerted strategies for managing the mental health of care providers are urgently needed at individual and systems level. A plethora of strategies, developed from previous experience of crisis management, need to be made available to care providers through accessible mediums of delivery. This paper explores the mental health problems encountered by health care personnel and examines various strategies which need to be implemented to manage them.
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Merritt, Cullen C. "Do personnel with lived experience cultivate public values? Insights and lessons from mental healthcare managers." Healthcare Management Forum 32, no. 3 (2019): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470419830709.
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Health organizations charged with addressing public problems sometimes employ persons with relevant lived experience in meaningful organizational roles. Because of their prior experience, these individuals have intimate knowledge of the subject matter that professional training and education cannot replicate. Mental health treatment facilities in particular have demonstrated a growing trend toward incorporating staff members with lived experience. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with senior-level managers of organizations in this field to gain insight into the public values associated with this practice. Findings reveal that several public values, including dialogue, social cohesion, sustainability, productivity, and altruism, are cultivated when treatment facilities incorporate staff members with lived experience into service delivery. This study concludes with lessons for mental health leaders seeking to address mental illness.
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Krendl, Anne C., and Bernice A. Pescosolido. "Countries and Cultural Differences in the Stigma of Mental Illness: The East–West Divide." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 51, no. 2 (2020): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022119901297.
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Mental illness is a global public health crisis. Although rates of untreated cases stand as a primary problem, stigma is a significant obstacle. Yet, global differences in levels and roots of stigma remain poorly understood. Using the Stigma in Global Context–Mental Health Study (SGC-MHS) data, we analyzed data on two components of stigma—prejudice and discriminatory potential—attached to clinically diagnostic cases of depression and schizophrenia. We examined whether stigma was higher in the East than West. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the link between prejudice and discriminatory potential in the East was due, in part, to cultural differences in the attributions about mental illness. With SGC-MHS’ nationally representative vignette data from over 11,000 respondents in 11 relevant countries (four Eastern, seven Western), analyses replicated past research of higher levels of stigma and more moral attributions in Eastern countries, particularly for depression. Moreover, prejudice-related disclosure spillover concerns predicted discriminatory potential (social distance) in the East, but not the West; this was driven by a greater emphasis on moral attributions in the East. Finally, exploratory analyses found that Western respondents endorsed higher discrimination for minority (vs. majority) group members with mental illness. In Eastern countries, the same pattern emerged for schizophrenia, but the reverse occurred for depression—greater stigma for majority as compared with minority group members. Together, these findings suggest that cultural differences in the sources of prejudice and attributions about the etiology of mental illness contribute, at least in part, to global differences in the profile of stigma.
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Mansour, Sylvie. "A Week in Jenin: Assessing Mental Health Needs Amid the Ruins." Journal of Palestine Studies 31, no. 4 (2002): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2002.31.4.35.
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In the days after the Israelis ended their siege on 18––19 April 2002, a veritable army of visitors descended on Jenin refugee camp——journalists, human right activists, NGO representatives, international aid workers, parliamentarians, UN personnel, solidarity delegations——for visits of varying length and objectives not always clear to the residents. My own mandate was very specific: As a psychologist who had worked in Palestine for a number of years, I was to help put together a preliminary evaluation of mental health needs and mobilizable human resources, mainly through "debriefing" sessions both with residents most directly affected by the events (e.g., the newly homeless and internally displaced) and with local personnel (e.g., medical and paramedical teams, teachers, youth workers). I was part of a team that included representatives of UNICEF and the Jerusalem Coalition for Psychology (Palestinian Counseling Center, Women's Center for Legal and Social Counseling, Spafford) sent to help UNRWA and local NGOs working in the psychosocial field.
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Neto, David Dias, Inês Rocha, Maria João Figueiras, and Ana Nunes Da Silva. "Measuring Mental Health Literacy : Adaptation and Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS)." European Journal of Mental Health 16, no. 1 (2021): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5708/ejmh.16.2021.1.5.
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Understanding mental health literacy is essential for promoting empowerment and proactivity in patients, reducing stigma, and increasing population awareness. The constitutive dimensions of mental health literacy are still being researched, and instruments’ research can shed light on the involved processes. The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) is a self-report measure of mental health literacy. This study aimed to adapt the MHLS to Portuguese and evaluate mental health literacy in a broad sample. A broad sample of 337 individuals participated in the adaptation. Besides filling out the MHLS, the participants were invited to fill out a general lifestyle measure. The global results reveal a good internal consistency of the MHLS. A three-factor structure (i.e., attitudes towards mental illness, knowledge about mental illness, and the ability to recognize symptoms) explained 35% of the total variance. Despite not finding an association with the general lifestyle measure, the MHLS scored higher in women and individuals with higher schooling, as expected. The results reinforce the role of MHLS as a useful measure of mental health literacy. The identified structure is discussed in light of the current understanding and implications of this essential process.
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Rüsch, Nicolas, and Markus Kösters. "Honest, Open, Proud to support disclosure decisions and to decrease stigma’s impact among people with mental illness: conceptual review and meta-analysis of program efficacy." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 56, no. 9 (2021): 1513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02076-y.
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Abstract Purpose Honest, Open, Proud (HOP; formerly “Coming Out Proud”/COP) is a peer-led group program to support people with mental illness in their disclosure decisions and in their coping with stigma. The aims of this study were to provide (i) a conceptual review of HOP, including versions for different target groups and issues related to outcome measurement and implementation; and (ii) a meta-analysis of program efficacy. Methods Conceptual and empirical literature on disclosure and the HOP program was reviewed. Controlled trials of HOP/COP were searched in literature databases. A meta-analysis of HOP efficacy in terms of key outcomes was conducted. Results HOP program adaptations for different target groups (e.g. parents of children with mental illness; veterans or active soldiers with mental illness) exist and await evaluation. Recruitment for trials and program implementation may be challenging. A meta-analysis of five HOP RCTs for adults or adolescents with mental illness or adult survivors of suicide attempts found significant positive effects on stigma stress (smd = − 0.50) as well as smaller, statistically non-significant effects on self-stigma (smd = − 0.17) and depression (smd = − 0.11) at the end of the HOP program. At 3- to 4-week follow-up, there was a modest, not statistically significant effect on stigma stress (smd = − 0.40, 95%-CI -0.83 to 0.04), while effects for self-stigma were small and significant (smd = − 0.24). Long-term effects of the HOP program are unknown. Conclusion There is initial evidence that HOP effectively supports people with mental illness in their disclosure decisions and in their coping with stigma. Implementation issues, future developments and public health implications are discussed.
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Perry, Brea L. "The Labeling Paradox." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 52, no. 4 (2011): 460–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146511408913.
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Although research supports the stigma and labeling perspective, empirical evidence also indicates that a social safety net remains intact for those with mental illness, recalling the classic “sick role” concept. Here, insights from social networks theory are offered as explanation for these discrepant findings. Using data from individuals experiencing their first contact with the mental health treatment system, the effects of diagnosis and symptoms on social networks and stigma experiences are examined. The findings suggest that relative to those with less severe affective disorders, individuals with severe diagnoses and more visible symptoms of mental illness have larger, more broadly functional networks, as well as more supporters who are aware of and sympathetic toward the illness situation. However, those with more severe diagnoses are also vulnerable to rejection and discrimination by acquaintances and strangers. These findings suggest that being formally labeled with a mental illness may present a paradox, simultaneously initiating beneficial social processes within core networks and detrimental ones among peripheral ties.
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Johnson, Sonia, and Martin Orrell. "Insight and psychosis: a social perspective." Psychological Medicine 25, no. 3 (1995): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700033432.
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SYNOPSISThe last 5 years have seen a resurgence of interest in insight, with better definitions and operationalizations of the concept. However, recent work has paid little attention to the ways in which patients' understanding of their illnesses may be shaped by perceptions of mental illness and treatment prevailing in their cultures and social groups. We review work by social scientists on cultural and social variations in lay perceptions of mental illness and on the stigma attached to mental illness, and argue that these varying views are likely to be one of the influences on insight, requiring further exploration in research on this subject.
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Tillman, Douglas R., David D. Hof, Aiste Pranckeviciene, Auksė Endriulaitienė, Rasa Markšaitytė, and Kristina Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė. "Social Distance from Mental Illness Among Counseling, Social Work, and Psychology Students and Helping Professionals." Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology 10, no. 1 (2018): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/jsacp.10.1.24-37.
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Negative stereotypes of people with mental illness may lead to stigma of those with mental illness, impacting their self-confidence and willingness to seek mental health treatment. Few studies have looked at the health professional’s role and the impact they may have on the stigmatization process of people with mental illness. The purpose of this article was to better understand the concept of social distance among individuals in the helping professions of counseling, social work, and psychology. A total of 305 students and 95 professionals from counseling, social work and psychology participated in this study. Results revealed that counseling, social work, and psychology students, and helping professionals do not differ in their need for social distance from people with mental illness. Helping professionals reported significantly more social distance from people with mental health problems in close personal relationships, compared to their social relationships. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in social distance observed as a function of professional experience.
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Chronister, Julie, Chih-Chin Chou, and Hsin-Ya Liao. "THE ROLE OF STIGMA COPING AND SOCIAL SUPPORT IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF SOCIETAL STIGMA ON INTERNALIZED STIGMA, MENTAL HEALTH RECOVERY, AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PEOPLE WITH SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS." Journal of Community Psychology 41, no. 5 (2013): 582–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21558.
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McMillan, Julie M., and Jane M. Jarvis. "Mental Health and Students with Disabilities: A Review of Literature." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 23, no. 2 (2013): 236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2013.14.
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Students with disabilities are at increased risk of experiencing mental health difficulties, but may not be recognised as an at-risk population in the design of school-based prevention and intervention efforts. Understanding the link between disability and mental health is important for school psychologists and guidance counsellors, teachers, and special education personnel who are in a position to provide targeted opportunities for social and emotional learning and to ameliorate the potential for marginalisation and isolation. This article reviews research related to mental health in students with disabilities, with a focus on understanding potential pathways between disability and mental health difficulties and examining the evidence for effective universal and targeted interventions. The research reviewed highlights the need for mental health promotion in schools to incorporate targeted approaches for at-risk students within the context of universal, whole-school approaches, and in particular to consider the mental health needs of students with disabilities.
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Crișan, Cătălina, and Bianca Suciu. "Covid-19 Mental Health Impacts. Challenges for Psychiatrists." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Bioethica 66, Special Issue (2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbioethica.2021.spiss.26.
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"COVID19 a new appeared virus determined a major impact worldwide on economic and social aspects and also on the mental state level. All countries are confronting with different behaviors of coping mechanism in particular buying excessive amounts of food, being more suspicious even with the family members, explained by an exacerbated surviving instinct, making stocks of unnecessary disinfectant sanitary products, even a chase for protective masks in some cases. Some of these aspects can be considered the effect of a mass psychosis, people being misinformed by television news, such as the concept of fake news having the intention of manipulation; others misinterpret the clear message, with severe consequences over the state of calm. During this crisis, all psychiatrists are facing new challenges such as sustaining the well-being of healthcare personnel, looking over the need of patient’s mental well-being, taking care of the psychological impact of quarantine, self-isolation and social stigma associated with COVID 19. An important aspect in Romania is represented by different cultural beliefs that are not usually present in other cultures but are characteristic in our population and can influence the outcome of the virus evolution. Protection from God, believing that spirituality and religiosity can become a fence in the confrontation with the virus, and these convictions could become a real impediment in understating and respecting the protocols and the rules of prevention. The ethical issue for psychiatrists is how to take into account patients’ beliefs in time of restrictive measures imposed by COVID19 pandemic? All in all, the COVID19 pandemic spread represents a real challenge for all employees in the medical system, but especially to psychiatrists, who should deal with patients whose capacity to understand the real/whole picture is deteriorated. "
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Young, Daniel Kim-Wan, Petrus Y. N. Ng, Jia-Yan Pan, and Daphne Cheng. "Validity and Reliability of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (Cantonese)." Research on Social Work Practice 27, no. 1 (2016): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731515576209.
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Purpose: This study aims to translate and test the reliability and validity of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness-Cantonese (ISMI-C). Methods: The original English version of ISMI is translated into the ISMI-C by going through forward and backward translation procedure. A cross-sectional research design is adopted that involved 295 participants randomly drawn from a population of Chinese consumers participated in different kinds of community-based mental health services. Results: Results show that the Cronbach’s α coefficient of the ISMI-C is .93. With regard to validity test, the ISMI-C shows significant and negative correlation with measures on self-esteem and quality of life. Also, an explorative factor analysis yields five factors that are consistent with previous research results. Discussion: This study shows that the ISMI-C is a reliable and valid measure. ISMI-C can facilitate the development of interventions in reducing self-stigma for people with mental illness across Chinese societies.
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Tucker, Jeritt R., Joseph H. Hammer, David L. Vogel, Rachel L. Bitman, Nathaniel G. Wade, and Emily J. Maier. "Disentangling self-stigma: Are mental illness and help-seeking self-stigmas different?" Journal of Counseling Psychology 60, no. 4 (2013): 520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033555.
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Jithoo, Vinitha. "Contested meanings of mental health and well-being among university students." South African Journal of Psychology 48, no. 4 (2017): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246317731958.
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Emerging adults are an important group not only because their opinions and knowledge will determine future attitudes but also because of the emergence of mental health problems during young adulthood. In order to provide relevant support, academics, health care providers as well as policy makers need to be more cognisant of how emerging adults make meaning of their psycho-social developmental context. The objective of the study was to explore how a cohort of 150 university students made meaning of emotional well-being and mental illness, the causes of mental health problems, the negative connotations associated with mental ill health, help-seeking behaviours, and how culture was used as a lens through which mental well-being was understood. The main findings indicate that students struggle to fully understand these concepts mainly because it is shrouded in mystery and complexity and not engaged with freely because of stigma and stereotypical attitudes, and while culture provides a lens to understand the causes and interventions, emerging adults often adopt a level of scepticism and are beginning to vacillate between tradition and modernity. Emerging adults face many barriers to accessing health care services including limited knowledge and stigma related to services, lack of confidentiality, fear of mistreatment, location of facilities, and the high cost of services. Universities and government should actively engage with research evidence to inform policies and programmes to improve the health and well-being of emerging adults.
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Smith, Meghan L., Lawrence H. Yang, Debbie Huang, Kathleen M. Pike, Chengmei Yuan, and Zhen Wang. "Measuring internalized stigma of mental illness among Chinese outpatients with mood disorders." International Journal of Culture and Mental Health 11, no. 4 (2018): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1442484.
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Jones, Norman, Mary Keeling, Gursimran Thandi, and Neil Greenberg. "Stigmatisation, perceived barriers to care, help seeking and the mental health of British Military personnel." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 50, no. 12 (2015): 1873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1118-y.
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Erentzen, Caroline, Joshua A. Quinlan, and Raymond A. Mar. "Sometimes You Need More than a Wingman: Masculinity, Femininity, and the Role of Humor in Men's Mental Health Help-Seeking Campaigns." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 37, no. 2 (2018): 128–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.2.128.
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The clinical literature has consistently documented that men seek help for mental health less often than do women, although they suffer from mental illness at comparable rates. This is particularly troublesome as depression and anxiety in men are more likely to manifest in substance abuse and suicidal behavior. This gender discrepancy in help-seeking may be explained by the social psychological literature on traditional masculinity, which has been associated with stigmatizing thoughts about mental illness and opposition to help-seeking. The present research explored this link between masculinity and mental health help-seeking, including the use of affiliative humor in public awareness messages about help-seeking for mental health. We hypothesized that incorporating light humor into this campaign might reframe help-seeking in a less threatening way, effectively circumventing the defensive reactions of masculine men. Across three studies, we presented young men with ads encouraging them to reach out to a friend suffering from anxiety or depression. Consistently, the perceived funniness of the ads predicted their persuasiveness without increasing stigma or trivializing the issue of mental health. Masculinity did not in fact predict stigmatizing and defensive thoughts about mental illness; rather, men's femininity emerged as the strongest and most consistent predictor of these reactions.
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Young, Daniel Kim-Wan. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group for Reducing Self-Stigma for People With Mental Illness." Research on Social Work Practice 28, no. 7 (2016): 827–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731516681849.
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This research project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapeutic (CBT) group in reducing self-stigma for people with mental illness in Chinese society. In this study, a quasi-experimental research method was adopted involving 71 people with mental illness receiving community-based mental health services. In total, 33 treatment group participants were assigned to a 10-session CBT group, while 38 control group participants received treatment as usual. Standardized assessment tools were used to collect data in the pre- and posttreatment periods by a research assistant. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that the CBT group was significantly more effective than the control group in terms of reducing self-stigma and depressive mood, with a moderate effect size, even after controlling for differences in various demographic variables between the treatment and control groups. This study provides evidence to support the efficacy and effectiveness of a CBT group for reducing self-stigma for people with mental illness.
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Velazquez, Elizabeth, and Maria Hernandez. "Effects of police officer exposure to traumatic experiences and recognizing the stigma associated with police officer mental health." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 4 (2019): 711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-09-2018-0147.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review current research on police officer mental health and to explore the reasons why police officers do not seek mental health treatment. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive, systematic search of multiple academic databases (e.g. EBSCO Host) were used to identify studies conducted within the USA, identified definitions of first responders, identified the type of duty-related trauma expected by police officers, how influential stigma is amongst the police culture and what current intervention strategies are employed to assist police officer mental health wellness. Findings This research was conducted to identify police officer trauma-related mental health and the stigma behind seeking treatment. The research highlights job-related trauma and stress leads to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use disorder and suicide or suicide ideation. The stigma behind seeking mental health treatment is associated with law enforcement organizations and environmental factors. Organizational factors include occupational stress characteristics such as day-to-day of the job and environmental factors such as abiding by social and law enforcement culture ideologies. Further research should be conducted to understand why law enforcing agencies and personnel are unknowingly promoting stigmas. Originality/value This is the most current meta-review of research examining the severity of mental health in police officers, the stigma behind acquiring treatment and innovative treatment approaches in police officer mental health. This study will provide a useful resource for those researchers interested in continuing to examine the different aspects of police officer mental health and how to potently approach innovative interventions to help law enforcement personals mental wellness thrive in a field where trauma is experienced daily.