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KUM, Serdar, Masao FURUSHO, and Masaki FUCHI. "Assessment of VTS Operators' Mental Workload by Using NASA Task Load Index." Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 118 (2008): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.118.307.
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Setiawan, Heri, and Christofora Desi Kusmindari. "Redesain Metode Kerja Guna Reduksi Workload Fisik Dan Mental Pekerja Di Pt. Spu Palembang." Jurnal Tekno 17, no. 2 (2020): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/jtekno.v17i2.1081.
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PT. SPU Palembang is an industrial company that produces Hospital Furniture and Rehabilitation products with the trademark SHIMA. This study aims to reduce the physical and mental workload received by workers in the Machine Shop Department. This research is focused on the production process .Measurement of physical workload uses the calculation of the worker's heart rate by calculating the percentage of Cardiovascular Load (CVL). Measurement of mental workload using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) score calculation method. The results obtained based on the aspect of NASA-TLX before the proposal almost all workers receive a mental workload with a value of > 80 that is included in the category of heavy mental workloads except Milling-Drilling Workers (4) have a score < 80 in the category of moderate mental workload. After the proposal all workers have a score < 80 so that the mental workload received falls into the medium category. Based on the proposals applied to the Lathe Worker (1) and the Milling-Drilling Worker (4) namely the improvement of work methods in the process of turning, punching, and the proposed holding of a reminder as a tool to remember, the results obtained %CVL from both workers < 30%. Three other workers, although experiencing a decline, remained at > 30%. The category of mental workload received by workers from previously included in the category of heavy mental workload dropped to moderate
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Castro, Spencer, Joel Cooper, and David Strayer. "Validating Two Assessment Strategies for Visual and Cognitive Load in a Simulated Driving Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 1899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601432.
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With the emergence of vehicle-based technologies that could compete for attention due to visual and cognitive workloads in a driving environment, it is important to accurately assess the various components of potential distractions. Current Detection Response Task (DRT) measurements are sensitive to overall mental workload, but may not be useful for assessing visual workload. This study seeks to examine the ability of two unique extensions of DRTs to assess levels of cognitive and visual load in a lateral steering tracking task. Each DRT was tested in conditions that manipulated cognitive load, visual load, the combination of cognitive and visual load, and normal driving conditions. The data suggest that an altered design of the DRT may allow for reliable assessment of cognitive and visual loads simultaneously during a driving task. Measuring the components of different types of workload that lead to driver distraction may inform industry standards for assessing driver distraction in the vehicle.
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Hudaningsih, Nurul. "ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA MENTAL PADA STAF UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE NASA TLX (STUDI KASUS: UNIVERSITAS TEKNOLOGI SUMBAWA)." Jurnal TAMBORA 3, no. 3 (2019): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v3i3.401.
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Physical and mental activity is the main point that causes the workload to be commonly experienced by the staff. Therefore, the workload can be said to be a relationship between the ability of workers and the amount of pressure experienced in doing a job. Generally, workloads that are often experienced by technical service Unit staff (UPT) are mental workloads that are caused by working environment conditions (universities), tolerance in work and the amount of pressure experienced in the work. The scope that became the focus in this research is the Sumbawa University of Technology which has 10 UPT (UPT Library, UPT Language Center, UPT new student admissions, UPT International Office, UPT Scholarship, UPT Cooperation, UPT information technology, UPT Public relations and Protokoler, UPT creative spaces and UPT forest management education and research) which each UPT has different workloads. The measurement of mental workloads in this study uses The NASA TLX method (The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index) by means of The feeding and weight-bearing of The filling of the questionnaire by the staff in each UPT. The results showed that the UPT that has the lowest mental workload is the UPT Library (54.5), the moderate mental workload is the UPT Language Center (77.4), the highest mental workload i.e. UPT Scholarship (86.4).
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Lapai, Yolanda, Idham Halid Lahay, and Fentje Abdul Rauf. "Analisis Beban Kerja Mental Pada Mekanik Menggunakan Metode SWAT dan Metode QNBM." Jurnal Teknik 18, no. 1 (2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37031/jt.v18i1.61.
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Mental workload is the difference between the demands of a task workload with the maximum capacity of a person's mental capability in a motivated state. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of the mental burden of mechanics using the SWAT and QNBM methods. The results of the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique method for heavy service workload showed that the mechanics were 56.6% burdened. Mental workload dimensions for mechanics 1 and 3 are effort load, for mechanic 2 is time load. The category for light service is 11.11%, unburdened in the time load dimension for all mechanics. Nordic Body Map Questionnaire Method was 67%, with illness category included.
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Wanke, Eileen M., Mike Schmidt, Jeremy Leslie-Spinks, Axel Fischer, and David A. Groneberg. "Physical and Mental Workloads in Professional Dance Teachers." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 30, no. 1 (2015): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2015.1008.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the level of mental and physical workloads in professional dance teachers depending on the trained students’ age, technique level, or dance style. METHODS: A total number of 133 professional dance pedagogues responded to an online cross-sectional questionnaire survey on self-assessment of physical and mental workloads occurring during dance units. RESULTS: The majority of dance teachers estimated their level of physical and mental workload to be almost as high as that of their students, with differences in physical and mental workloads observed depending on dance style, age of students, and technical level. More than 60% of the teachers were convinced that their occupation implies positive effects on their own health in terms of self-realization (78.2%), musculoskeletal system (66.9%), and social relationships (61.7%). Of all respondents, 58.6% stated that their musculoskeletal system was jeopardized by the physically demanding activity. This is followed by the fear of financial insecurity (50.4%). The majority of all dance teachers (males 65.4%, females 63.9%) would like to obtain further education on prevention against or dealing with physical workload. CONCLUSION: Physical and mental workloads play an important role in dance teaching. Coping with or preventing these loads could be keys to a lifelong, healthy career as a professional dance teacher. Future trials should look at clinical parameters of physical and mental load.
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Saputra, Abadi Dwi. "PILOT MENTAL WORKLOAD IN FLIGHT OPERATION A Case study: Indonesian Civilian Pilot." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.6.1.5159.
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This type of activity or work with high stress level and requires more concentration and attention, in this case is the aircraft operation. Thereby mental workload is the most dominant than the physical workload. And this is what should have been a concern, because if mental workload endured by pilot is excessive, it will lower down the quality of work and lead to work safety; in this case the aircraft operation. Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) method is used to measure mental workload value, this method consists of three dimensions with their levels, there are: time, mental effort, and psychological stress load. The aim of this study was to know the mental workload of the pilot of an aircraft in flight dimensions: phases of time, phase of flight, terrain condition, and weather, and identifies what factors the most dominant for build of mental workload. The results of studies showed that pilot mental workload will increase when a pilot faced with flight conditions do at early morning (00.00-05:59 am), during weekend and enters the peak season period, and the aircraft will be landing procedures, and also in case of change of wind conditions in flight, and will increasingly when pilot exposed to aircraft operating with route condition which has a land surface is mountainious. This study also showed that the time dimension factor (T) significantly affects the mental workload of pilots, indicating that they put more emphasis on this factor when they are considering workloads.
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Feng, Chuanyan, Xiaoru Wanyan, Shuang Liu, Hao Chen, and Damin Zhuang. "Study on Situation Awareness under Different Mental Workloads." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 38, no. 3 (2020): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20203830610.
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The aim of the present study was to examine the situation awareness (SA) changes under various mental workloads and to explore the sensitive physiological indicators to SA under this circumstance. Twenty-four participants were recruited to perform tasks under three kinds of mental workload based on the Multi Attribute Task Battery (MATB) Ⅱ platform. Performance measures, situational awareness global assessment technology (SAGAT), three dimensions situation awareness rating technology (3D-SART), eye movement and electroencephalograph (EEG) data were recorded. Results indicated that, the SAGAT scores and 3D-SART scores decreased significantly with the increasing of mental workload. In addition, the two scores both have a medium negative relationship with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) scores. The SAGAT scores have a medium positive relationship with the high alpha relative power at C4 electrode site. What's more, The SAGAT scores have a medium negative relationship with the Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) under high mental workload condition. In conclusion, under different mental workload levels, (1) Mental workload has a medium negative relationship with SA. (2) NNI and high alpha relative power may be possible sensitive indicators to SA. The present study can provide a reference for designing the display and control interface in cockpit and for optimization of man-machine functional allocation.
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Astin, Angela, and Maury A. Nussbaum. "Interactive Effects of Physical and Mental Workload on Subjective Workload Assessment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 13 (2002): 1100–1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601320.
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Relatively little research has investigated subjective workload assessment during tasks involving both physical and mental demands. Development of more comprehensive workload assessment tools depends on understanding the effects of physical and mental activity on an individual's perception of workload. This study investigated the interaction between the two types of demands and the potential effects of such interactions on subjective workload assessment and performance. Common subjective workload assessment tools (Borg CR-10 Scale, Visual Analog Scale, NASA Task Load Index) were used to record changes in perceived workload during varying levels of physical and mental demands. Thirteen participants completed all conditions with the results summarized to identify potential trends in the data. The results suggest that a physical demand component did not affect subjective mental workload assessment (p = 0.9916). in addition, the presence of mental demands did not affect physical workload assessment (p = 0.9183). High correlations were found between the subjective mental workload assessment scores and mental performance (r = −0.8 and–0.9).
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Zuev, A. V., M. M. Nekrasova, and T. N. Vasiyleva. "Pilot study of office employee informational mental workload." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 1, no. 10 (2019): 866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-10-866-870.
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Introduction. Development of methodical base of information hygiene, systematization of data on levels of information loadings and degree of their influence on working conditions of workers is actual.The purpose of the study was to measure and evaluate the levels of information mental load of office workers, to study the patterns of development of adverse functional States in this professional group.Materials and methods. The pilot study included 25 employees of scientific and educational institutions aged 25 to 65 years. Measurement of information mental load of workers was carried out on the basis of a point assessment. Psychodiagnostics of performance of participants of research was carried out by means of a package of standard techniques. Heart rate telemetry was carried out in employees in the conditions of professional activity.Results. The integral indicator of information mental load of the studied professional group was 37.3±7.2 points and was in direct connection with the coefficient of comfort of the workplace (r=0.5, p=0.01). A reliable dependence of the speed of information processing on the length of work experience (r=0.71, p=0.0001) was also established. In the low-stress group, high indices of stress, fatigue, monotony were recorded in the workers, in the senior group — signs of chronic fatigue. The employees during the shift registered an increase in sympathetic activation.Conclusions. The results of the psychophysiological survey of employees indicate the need to regulate the information load, the development and implementation of preventive measures to reduce professional stress.
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Zeitlin, Lawrence R. "Micromodel for Objective Estimation of Driver Mental Workload from Task Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1631, no. 1 (1998): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1631-05.
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Observation of driver performance during a 58 000-km (36,000-mile) field study of van pooling indicates that a good estimate of mental workload can be made from an analysis of objective performance data alone. Drivers traversed a mix of rural secondary roads, limited-access expressways, high-density, limited-access urban drives, and downtown city streets on a daily commute from upstate New York to New York City. Data included road characteristics, time, traffic density, speed, weather, brake applications, subsidiary task performance, and subjective difficulty ratings. Driving workload had two components, a steady-state load dictated by road conditions, speed, and traffic density and a transient load determined by the degree of uncertainty in the driving situation. Brake actuations represent the uncertainty inherent in driving while the log2 of the speed is a first approximation of the steady-state information processing load imposed by tracking requirements of vehicle control. Unpredictability of traffic appeared to be the major determinant of perceived difficulty. Workload homeostasis occurred as drivers modified their performance to keep workload within a comfortable range. An objective workload index of the general form, workload = f (brake actuation rate + log2 speed) based on this micromodel of driver behavior predicts subjective driving difficulty. An analysis of variance shows that the workload index distinguished between road types at the p < .0001 level of significance. The workload index correlates at r = .74, 18(df), with the subjective driving degrees of freedom difficulty ratings and at r = .81, 18 df, with the mental workload estimates of the best subsidiary task.
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Restuputri, Dian Palupi, Anindia Karunia Pangesti, and Annisa Kesy Garside. "The measurement of Physical Workload and Mental Workload Level of Medical Personnel." Jurnal Teknik Industri 20, no. 1 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol20.no1.34-44.
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As the primary health reference center, a hospital is required to provide excellent quality services to each patient. The impact of the extreme physical and mental workload cause negligence in activities. It affects the quality of services provided by medical personnel. This study investigated the level of mental workload and physical workload in medical staff in a hospital. This study was conducted at 15 units in the hospital. The mental workload was assessed using the NASA-TLX Questionnaire. The physical workload analysis was carried out with the Heart Rate reserve percentage of medical personnel. The results of this study show that the mental workload on nurses in the ICU is higher than the other units. Whereas the calculation of physical load using% HR reserve turns out the head of the nurse in-unit class 1 has the highest value compared to the others unit. The statistical analysis showed there was a difference in the general practitioner workload toward the Head of the NursingAs the primary health reference center, a hospital is required to provide excellent quality services to each patient. The impact of the extreme physical and mental workload cause negligence in activities. It affects the quality of services provided by medical personnel. This study investigated the level of mental workload and physical workload in medical staff in a hospital. This study was conducted at 15 units in the hospital. The mental workload was assessed using the NASA-TLX Questionnaire. The physical workload analysis was carried out with the Heart Rate reserve percentage of medical personnel. The results of this study show that the mental workload on nurses in the ICU is higher than the other units. Whereas the calculation of physical load using% HR reserve turns out the head of the nurse in-unit class 1 has the highest value compared to the others unit. The statistical analysis showed there was a difference in the general practitioner workload toward the Head of the Nursing.
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Kutafina, Ekaterina, Anne Heiligers, Radomir Popovic, et al. "Tracking of Mental Workload with a Mobile EEG Sensor." Sensors 21, no. 15 (2021): 5205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155205.
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The aim of the present investigation was to assess if a mobile electroencephalography (EEG) setup can be used to track mental workload, which is an important aspect of learning performance and motivation and may thus represent a valuable source of information in the evaluation of cognitive training approaches. Twenty five healthy subjects performed a three-level N-back test using a fully mobile setup including tablet-based presentation of the task and EEG data collection with a self-mounted mobile EEG device at two assessment time points. A two-fold analysis approach was chosen including a standard analysis of variance and an artificial neural network to distinguish the levels of cognitive load. Our findings indicate that the setup is feasible for detecting changes in cognitive load, as reflected by alterations across lobes in different frequency bands. In particular, we observed a decrease of occipital alpha and an increase in frontal, parietal and occipital theta with increasing cognitive load. The most distinct levels of cognitive load could be discriminated by the integrated machine learning models with an accuracy of 86%.
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Colle, Herbert A., and Gary B. Reid. "Context Effects in Subjective Mental Workload Ratings." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40, no. 4 (1998): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872098779649283.
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The impact of performance context on subjective mental workload ratings was assessed with the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) and the NASA Task Load Index (TLX). In Experiment 1, a strong context effect was demonstrated. A low range of task difficulty produced considerably higher ratings on a common set of difficulty levels than did a high range of task difficulty. In Experiment 2, increasing the participants′ range of experiences during practice eliminated the context effect. We recommend that methods for standardizing context, such as providing experience with the complete difficulty range, be developed for subjective mental workload evaluations. Actual or potential applications of this research include providing methodologies for controlling context effects in practical assessments of mental workload to increase the validity of subjective measures.
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Klein, Martina I., Michael A. Riley, Joel S. Warm, and Gerald Matthews. "Perceived Mental Workload in an Endocopic Surgery Simulator." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 11 (2005): 1014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901103.
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Endoscopic surgery–a procedure wherein a target organ is displayed on a monitor and physicians use graspers to manipulate the tissue - has benefits for patients in terms of reduced blood loss, infection, and pain. However, physicians' informal reports indicate that this type of surgery is challenging to perform. These challenges arise from the need to view the target tissue on a monitor, resulting in reduced depth information as well as a disruption of the normal hand-eye mapping. This study represents the initial experimental effort to assess the workload demands experienced in an endoscopic surgery simulator using the NASA-Task Load Index (TLX), a well validated workload measure, and the Multiple Resource Questionnaire (MRQ), a newly developed workload scale. The TLX revealed that the workload experienced in the simulator was indeed high. Additionally, the MRQ revealed different workload profiles associated with different levels of handeye mapping disruption.
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Fahamsyah, Dikky. "ANALISIS HUBUNGAN BEBAN KERJA MENTAL DENGAN STRES KERJA DI INSTALASI CSSD RUMAH SAKIT UMUM HAJI SURABAYA." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 6, no. 1 (2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v6i1.2017.107-115.
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ABSTRACT Mental workload is a workload which is the difference between the demands of the workload of a task with a maximum capacity load of a person's mental condition motivated, excessive workload will lead to the incident of stress. Work stress is distress experienced by employees when facing job. The purpose of this research was to study the picture of mental workload and stress on employees who work in CSSD Installation General Hospital Haji Surabaya. This research was a descriptive cross sectional approach. The subjects of this research were employees in the Installation CSSD General Hospital Haji Surabaya. The variables of this research were the mental workload and job stress. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and observation. Secondary data obtained from the General Hospital Haji Surabaya. Furthermore the data was processed by descriptive and described in narrative form. The results showed that the CSSD employees experiencing mental workload which was divided into seven employees experiencing medium metal workload and four employees experiencing low mental workload . In addition there was a relationship between mental workload with the incidence of workplace stress. overall it can be described that mental workload and workplace stress were in the medium level. It was recommended that employees can used the time off well and getting used to exercise to increase endurance. Keywoard : mental workload, workplace stress, installation sterilization center
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Seftiyana, Via Choirul. "MENTAL WORKLOAD OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC) PERSONNEL AT ADISUTJIPTO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT." Vortex 2, no. 2 (2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/vortex.v2i2.1008.
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Air traffic controllers are under excessive stress because of their job. This has been linked to aspects of ATC work such as high job demands, time or responsibility pressure, or inadequate equipment. Types of work that require more vigilance, such as air traffic controllers at airports, are closely related to mental jobs that require high concentration. Because there is a negative impact on a company if it gives mental workload too high or too low for its employees, it is necessary to measure it to find out the right mental workload for its employees. This study aims to calculate the mental workload felt by ATC personnel in the APP unit. Measurement of mental workload in this study using the NASA-TLX (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index). This method measures 6 (six) dimensions of workload size, namely Mental Demand, Physical Demand, Temporal Demand, Performance, Effort and Frustation Level
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Fathimahhayati, Lina Dianati. "ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA MENTAL PADA OPERATOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER (ATC) DENGAN METODE SUBJEKTIF DAN OBJEKTIF (STUDI KASUS : AIRNAV BANDAR UDARA XYZ)." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 10, no. 1 (2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v10i1.205.
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An Air Traffic Controller (ATC) operator is required to always concentrate on monitoring navigation, radiation as well as supervising and implementing aircraft guidance. Obviously such work can lead to a mental workload on the worker. Based on these problems, it is necessary to do a research on the analysis of mental workload on the operator ATC at XYZ Airport. Measurement of mental workload can be done in two ways: subjective measurement and objective measurement. Subjective measurements of the mental workload can be done with NASA-TLX method. While the objective measurement can be done by doing the measurement physiologically such as through the heart rate. The results showed that the metal workload of ATY operator of XYZ Airport was in high category and very high base on subjective measurement. Performance level is the dominant factor causing high mental work load perceived by ATC operator. While based on the objective measurement found that the mental workload of ATC operators are in the medium category.
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van den Oetelaar, Wilhelmina F. J. M., Corné A. M. Roelen, Wilko Grolman, Rebecca K. Stellato, and Willem van Rhenen. "Exploring the relation between modelled and perceived workload of nurses and related job demands, job resources and personal resources; a longitudinal study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0246658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246658.
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Aim Calculating a modelled workload based on objective measures. Exploring the relation between this modelled workload and workload as perceived by nurses, including the effects of specific job demands, job resources and personal resources on the relation. Design Academic hospital in the Netherlands. Six surgical wards, capacity 15–30 beds. Data collected over 15 consecutive day shifts. Methods Modelled workload is calculated as a ratio of required care time, based on patient characteristics, baseline care time and time for non-patient related activities, and allocated care time, based on the amount of available nurses. Both required and allocated care time are corrected for nurse proficiency. Five dimensions of perceived workload were determined by questionnaires. Both the modelled and the perceived workloads were measured on a daily basis. Linear mixed effects models study the longitudinal relation between this modelled and workload as perceived by nurses and the effects of personal resources, job resources and job demands. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used to identify differences in modelled workload between wards. Results Modelled workload varies roughly between 70 and 170%. Significant differences in modelled workload between wards were found but confidence intervals were wide. Modelled workload is positively associated with all five perceived workload measures (work pace, amount of work, mental load, emotional load, physical load). In addition to modelled workload, the job resource support of colleagues and job demands time spent on direct patient care and time spent on registration had the biggest significant effects on perceived workload. Conclusions The modelled workload does not exactly predict perceived workload, however there is a correlation between the two. The modelled workload can be used to detect differences in workload between wards, which may be useful in distributing workload more evenly in order prevent issues of over- and understaffing and organizational justice. Extra effort to promote team work is likely to have a positive effect on perceived workload. Nurse management can stimulate team cohesion, especially when workload is high. Registered nurses perceive a higher workload than other nurses. When the proportion of direct patient care in a workday is higher, the perceived workload is also higher. Further research is recommended. The findings of this research can help nursing management in allocating resources and directing their attention to the most relevant factors for balancing workload.
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Zhang, Jianyang, Shenglin Liu, Qingmin Feng, et al. "Ergonomic Assessment of the Mental Workload Confronted by Surgeons during Laparoscopic Surgery." American Surgeon 84, no. 9 (2018): 1538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481808400964.
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Although the mental workload confronted by laparoscopic surgeons is rather high, there is presently no reliable, established method for evaluating this workload. In the present study, four evaluation indices of eye movement metrics were applied to evaluate surgeons’ mental workload. Correlations between these indices and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) scores were also explored. Sixteen participants were recruited to complete four laparoscopic procedures. Eye movement was recorded during the tasks, and NASA-TLX scales were also introduced for subjective evaluation. The data were analyzed using R 3.3.2. Significant differences in the mental workload of each task were observed. Statistically significant correlations between mean pupil diameter change and NASA-TLX scores were also observed. The correlation coefficients were 0.763, 0.675, 0.405, and 0.547, and the P values correspondingly were 0.001, 0.004, 0.12, and 0.028, respectively. The results clarify that the mental workload of laparoscopic surgeons is dependent on the specific demands of the operation. Appropriate objective physiological indices can be used to identify the mental workload state of the surgeon.
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Zoaktafi, Mojgan, Reza Kazemi, Alireza Choobineh, AliAkbar SaboorYaraghi, Samane Nematolahi, and Seyed Abolfazl Zakerian. "Relationship between mental workload and salivary cortisol levels: A field study." Work 67, no. 2 (2020): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203287.
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BACKGROUND: Mental workload (MW) assessment is a key point in research and development of human-machine interfaces in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the relationship between mental workload and the amount of salivary cortisol amongst technicians of an Iranian combined cycle power plant. METHODS: A total of 18 technicians participated in this pilot study. First, task analysis was carried out to determine operation steps that forced us to separate them in to two groups. Next, the Visual, Auditory, Cognitive, and Psychomotor (VACP) technique and NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire were used to examine their mental workload. Then, the operator’s salivary samples were collected at four specific times of both off and working days. Finally, the relationship between mental workload and salivary cortisol was examined with the analysis of Pearson correlation. RESULTS: The results of mental workload assessment with subjective methods showed a high level of mental workload amongst all technicians. No significant association was observed between the NASA-TLX questionnaire and VACP technique with concentration of salivary cortisol (p = 0.081). CONCLUSION: Based on the results, it can be concluded that salivary cortisol might not be an appropriate physiological method to assess mental workload, since cortisol levels are highly dependent on individuals’ circadian rhythm.
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Nygren, Thomas E., Susan Schnipke, and Gary Reid. "Individual Differences in Perceived Importance of SWAT Workload Dimensions: Effects on Judgment and Performance in a Virtual High Workload Environment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 11 (1998): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201110.
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The Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) is a numerical conjoint scaling procedure that is often used to construct estimates of overall perceived workload and the importance of component dimensions of time, effort, and stress load demands in evaluating workload. In this study initial SWAT scales were first constructed for 124 individuals who were then classified into one of six “workload prototype” groups based on a cluster analysis of their derived SWAT dimension weights. Individuals were then placed into three different virtual environment scenarios for which the task had either a high time, high mental effort, or high stress load component, respectively. Workload judgments and performance scores were obtained for each scenario. Results indicated that how individuals weighted the SWAT dimensions influenced both their judged workload for the scenarios and their performance measures in each scenario.
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Meldrum, Lenore, and Peter Yellowlees. "The Measurement of a Case Manager's Workload Burden." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 4 (2000): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00760.x.
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Objective: The aim of this activity was to develop an appropriate scale to accurately assess the level of clinical load carried by each case manager at the Royal Brisbane Hospital Integrated Mental Health Service. Method: A survey of, and consultation with, case managers over a period of 15 months was used to gather data and modify the monitoring tool for future use in the service. Results and Conclusion: Analysis of the data gathered revealed the level of case managers' work load burden and the depth of need required by clients. Professionally the Clinical Load Monitoring scores have been used in the allocation of additional cases for case management and in the supervision by discipline seniors. Service management has used the Clinical Load Monitoring Scale by dividing individual caseloads into low, medium and heavy service users – with low service users being further investigated for discharge from the service. Heavy service users were assessed for entry into more intensive treatment areas.
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Rivera, Miguel Macías, and Raúl Rocha Romero. "Medición De Carga Mental De Trabajo En La Industria Automotriz En México." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 26 (2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n26p92.
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The primary objective of this research was to determine and show the relationship that exists between the mental workload perceived by personnel in the automotive assembly industry and the labor activity performed. The sample was constituted of fifty-six workers and the evaluation consisted of the application of the SCAM Test (Díaz, Hernández, Rolo, Galván, Fraile and Loayssa, 2009), in the employee´s workplace, as well as observation of the activities performed and interviews with some of the workers. This instrument evaluates five dimensions of workload: cognitive demands and information complexity, health consequences for workers, task characteristics, temporal organization of work and work rate. Results show that professionals perceive higher levels of mental workload, in the dimensions of cognitive demands, task complexity, as well as characteristics of the task. In addition to these findings, technicians perceived higher levels in work rate and corresponding health consequences. There is also a relationship between demographic and labor characteristics with the mental load perceived in workers. Furthermore, the environmental characteristics at work were not a significant factor in the perception of mental load in this research.
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Prastawa, Heru, Novie Susanto, and Try Nofri. "Mental workload of undergraduate student (a case study in Industrial Engineering Department of Diponegoro University)." SHS Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184902017.
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High competition in the era of globalization requires repair and improvement over all of the academic community in Indonesia, including the students. This makes the students compete in their studies and potentially cause mental studyload which could have implications for many things. This study aims to determine the level of mental load among the students of the Department of Industrial Engineering Undip in semesters 3 and 5 using the NASA-TLX, with respondents as many as 50 students. In addition, this study try to find out the NASA-TLX’s dominant scale perceived by students and trying to prove, whether external factors such as previous semester grade point, study hours per day, entrance selection exam and free-time activities affect the score of mental load or not. The results of the mental study load measurement shows that the average score of mental study load of 80.04 (ponderable). For the dominant scale, the scale is Temporal Demand. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for external factors indicate that these factors do not have a significant influence on the existing score of the mental study load.
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Schryver, Jack C. "Experimental Validation of Navigation Workload Metrics." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 4 (1994): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403800432.
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Advanced computer interfaces in the control room provide limited display area, and information is represented in large-scale display networks. Display navigation may generate disorienting effects, require additional resources for window management, and increase memory and data integration requirements. An experiment was conducted using an elementary Safety Parameter Display System for Pressurized Water Reactors to validate fourteen proposed metrics of navigation workload. Participants were asked to monitor one or two parameters, and answer questions after navigating a prescribed distance in the network. Analyses of variance of a modified task load index and subscales (confidence, disorientation, effort) supported the claim that navigation of large-scale display networks can impose additional mental load. Eye-gaze and other objective metrics were not validated, indicating needs for more refined probes and data reduction algorithms.
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Galy, Edith, Magali Cariou, and Claudine Mélan. "What is the relationship between mental workload factors and cognitive load types?" International Journal of Psychophysiology 83, no. 3 (2012): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.023.
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James, Joseph J. J., Chen Ling, Christopher D. Karstens, et al. "Forecasters’ Cognitive Task Analysis and Mental Workload Analysis of Issuing Probabilistic Hazard Information (PHI) during FACETs PHI Prototype Experiment." Weather and Forecasting 35, no. 4 (2020): 1505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0194.1.
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AbstractDuring spring 2016 the Probabilistic Hazard Information (PHI) prototype experiment was run in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) as part of the Forecasting a Continuum of Environmental Threats (FACETS) program. Nine National Weather Service forecasters were trained to use the web-based PHI prototype tool to produce dynamic PHI for severe weather threats. Archived and real-time weather scenarios were used to test this new paradigm of issuing probabilistic information, rather than deterministic information. The forecasters’ mental workload was evaluated after each scenario using the NASA-Task Load Index (TLX) questionnaire. This study summarizes the analysis results of mental workload experienced by forecasters while using the PHI prototype. Six subdimensions of mental workload: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration were analyzed to derive top contributing factors to workload. Average mental workload was 46.6 (out of 100, standard deviation: 19, range 70.8). Top contributing factors to workload included using automated guidance, PHI object quantity, multiple displays, and formulating probabilities in the new paradigm. Automated guidance provided support to forecasters in maintaining situational awareness and managing increased quantities of threats. The results of this study provided understanding of forecasters’ mental workload and task strategies and developed insights to improve usability of the PHI prototype tool.
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Sarsangi, Vali, Hamid Salehiniya, Mitra Hannani, et al. "Assessment of workload effect on nursing occupational accidents in hospitals of Kashan, Iran." Biomedical Research and Therapy 4, no. 08 (2017): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i08.226.
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Background: Nurses often experience occupational accidents and injuries. The mental workload is one of the factors that often cause tiredness. Perilous behaviors possibly occur more in tired persons resulting in injuries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between mental workload and nursing occupational accidents in public hospitals of Kashan, as well as factors affecting them.
 Methods: The analytic-descriptive study described herein consisted of nursing staff from public hospitals of Kashan, Iran. Information was collected using a three-part questionnaire from a selected clustery of 406 nursing personnel in 2016. The questionnaire was used to collect demographics, assess mental workload (per the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX)), and assess frequency of accidents. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.
 Results: A total of 455 occupational accidents were recorded for 2016 with about 2.27±1.21 accidents per nurse. The minimum and maximum scores for frustration and effort were 47.82 ± 30.91 and 78.61 ± 18.15, respectively. The mental workload mean was calculated as 69.49 ± 15.69. In total, 120 (32%) nurses experienced occupational accidents. There was a significant positive correlation between mental workload, mental need and physical need with occupational accidents (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: Occupational accidents are affected by mental workload. Taking actions to decline mental workload may result in a decrease of occupational accidents.
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Haas, Ellen C., Rene de Pontbriand, Robert Mello, John Patton, and Alexander Solounias. "The Effect of Auditory Display Configuration and Physical Load on Message Intelligibility for the Dismounted Soldier." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 22 (2000): 706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402255.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which different types of audio display technology affected the ability of the physically active, load-carrying dismounted soldier to understand and respond to multiple radio communications in the battlefield. Independent variables were different types of auditory display configuration (existing monaural and spatial audio), number of simultaneous talkers in each simulated radio message (two, three, or four), and soldier rucksack load (22 kg or 33 kg). The dependent variables included the response time and number of accurate responses to the radio messages, soldier ratings of mental workload, and soldier physiological workload. Subjects were nine (9) male Marine Corps Infantry personnel and three (3) male Army Infantry personnel. Results indicated that spatial auditory displays enabled soldiers to identify a significantly greater number of simulated radio communications, and respond to these communications more quickly. Message response time increased and identification accuracy decreased as the number of simultaneous talkers increased. Rucksack weight was a predominant variable in physical and mental workload. Soldiers showed significantly greater physiological energy expenditure and significantly greater mental workload when they carried the heavier rucksack. The results indicated that whatever the load carried by the soldier, the speed and accuracy of understanding and responding to multiple radio communications were enhanced by presentation in different spatial locations.
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Paravattil, Bridget, and Kyle John Wilby. "Optimizing assessors’ mental workload in rater-based assessment: a critical narrative review." Perspectives on Medical Education 8, no. 6 (2019): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40037-019-00535-6.
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Abstract Introduction Rater-based assessment has resulted in high cognitive demands for assessors within the education of health professionals. Rating quality may be influenced by the mental workload required of assessors to complete rating tasks. The objective of this review was to explore interventions or strategies aimed at measuring and reducing mental workload for improvement in assessment outcomes in health professions education. Methods A critical narrative review was conducted for English-language articles using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar from conception until November 2018. To be included, articles were eligible if they reported results of interventions aimed at measuring or reducing mental workload in rater-based assessment. Results A total of six articles were included in the review. All studies were conducted in simulation settings (OSCEs or videotaped interactions). Of the four studies that measured mental workload, none found any reduction in mental workload as demonstrated by objective secondary task performance after interventions of assessor training or reductions in competency dimension assessment. Reductions in competency dimensions, however, did result in improvements in assessment quality across three studies. Discussion The concept of mental workload in assessment in medical education needs further exploration, including investigation into valid measures of assessors’ mental workload. It appears that adjusting raters’ focus may be a valid strategy to improve assessment outcomes. Future research should be designed to inform how to best reduce load in assessments to improve quality, while balancing the type and quantity of data needed for judgments.
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Vidulich, Michael A., and Parimal Pandit. "Training and Subjective Workload in a Category Search Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 11 (1986): 1133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603001122.
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This study examined automaticity as a means by which training influences mental workload. Two groups were trained in a category search task. One group received a training paradigm designed to promote the development of automaticity; the other group received a training paradigm designed to prohibit it. Resultant performance data showed the expected improvement as a result of the development of automaticity. Subjective workload assessments mirrored the performance results in most respects. The results supported the position that subjective mental workload assessments may be sensitive to the effect of training when it produces a lower level of cognitive load.
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Syafei, M. Yani, Burhan Primanintyo, and Syaefuddin Syaefuddin. "Pengukuran Beban Kerja Pada Managerial Level Dan Supervisory Level Dengan Menggunakan Metode Defence Research Agency Workload Scale (DRAWS) (Studi Kasus Di Departemen UHT PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Co, TBk )." Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Industri 5, no. 2 (2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jrsi.v5i2.2214.69-78.
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<em>Measurement of workload is a technique to get information about the efficiency and effectiveness of an organizational unit, or office holders through a process of research and assessment. It is conducted by using job analysis, workload analysis or other management techniques. PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry &amp; Trading Co., Tbk is manufacturer of the food and beverage. The company is always trying to meet the needs of consumers by creating products with high quality and competitive price. The high stress level perceived by Managerial Level and Supervisory Level become an important reason for the Department of Ultra High Temperature (UHT) to conduct workload analysis. By measuring the employees workload, it will be known whether the workload of an employee is optimal load or overload. This situation will affect the human-performance (employee). Based on calculations by the DRAWS method is yielded the average workload score for Managerial Level of 67.37% (in the overload category), while the dominant workload variable in Central Demand (CD) is 41.60%, the distribution of the mental workload is 72.60% and physical workload is 27.40%. While for </em><em>Supervisory Level </em><em>is yielded the average workload score of 64.59% (in the overload category) ), where the dominant workload variable in Central Demand (CD) is 33.63%, the distribution of the mental workload is 55.10% and physical workload is 44.90%. Therefore the perceived mental workload of Supervisory Level is still relatively comparable compared to physical workload, and in contrast to the perceived Managerial Level which is dominated by mental workload.</em>
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Almghairbi, Dalal S., Takawira C. Marufu, and Iain K. Moppett. "Anaesthesia workload measurement devices: qualitative systematic review." BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning 4, no. 3 (2018): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2017-000263.
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BackgroundManagement of mental workload is a key aspect of safety in anaesthesia but there is no gold-standard tool to assess mental workload, risking confusion in clinical and research use of such tools.ObjectiveThis review assessed currently used mental workload assessment tools.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed on the following electronic databases; Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Screening and data extraction were performed individually by two authors. We included primary published papers focusing on mental workload assessment tools in anaesthesia.ResultsA total of 2331 studies were screened by title, 32 by full text and 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Six mental workload measurement tools were observed across included studies. Reliability for the Borg rating scales and Vibrotactile device was reported in two individual studies. The rest of the studies did not record reliability of the tool measurements used. Borg rating scales, NASA-TLX and task-oriented mental work load measurements are subjective, easily available, readily accessible and takes a few minutes to complete. However, the vibrotactile and eye-tracking methods are objective, require more technical involvement, considerable time for the investigator and moderately expensive, impacting their potential use.ConclusionWe found that the measurement of mental workload in anaesthesia is an emerging field supporting patient and anaesthetist safety. The self-reported measures have the best evidence base.
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Nagyné Elek, Renáta, and Tamás Haidegger. "Non-Technical Skill Assessment and Mental Load Evaluation in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery." Sensors 21, no. 8 (2021): 2666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082666.
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BACKGROUND: Sensor technologies and data collection practices are changing and improving quality metrics across various domains. Surgical skill assessment in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (RAMIS) is essential for training and quality assurance. The mental workload on the surgeon (such as time criticality, task complexity, distractions) and non-technical surgical skills (including situational awareness, decision making, stress resilience, communication, leadership) may directly influence the clinical outcome of the surgery. METHODS: A literature search in PubMed, Scopus and PsycNet databases was conducted for relevant scientific publications. The standard PRISMA method was followed to filter the search results, including non-technical skill assessment and mental/cognitive load and workload estimation in RAMIS. Publications related to traditional manual Minimally Invasive Surgery were excluded, and also the usability studies on the surgical tools were not assessed. RESULTS: 50 relevant publications were identified for non-technical skill assessment and mental load and workload estimation in the domain of RAMIS. The identified assessment techniques ranged from self-rating questionnaires and expert ratings to autonomous techniques, citing their most important benefits and disadvantages. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the systematic research, only a limited number of articles was found, indicating that non-technical skill and mental load assessment in RAMIS is not a well-studied area. Workload assessment and soft skill measurement do not constitute part of the regular clinical training and practice yet. Meanwhile, the importance of the research domain is clear based on the publicly available surgical error statistics. Questionnaires and expert-rating techniques are widely employed in traditional surgical skill assessment; nevertheless, recent technological development in sensors and Internet of Things-type devices show that skill assessment approaches in RAMIS can be much more profound employing automated solutions. Measurements and especially big data type analysis may introduce more objectivity and transparency to this critical domain as well. SIGNIFICANCE: Non-technical skill assessment and mental load evaluation in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery is not a well-studied area yet; while the importance of this domain from the clinical outcome’s point of view is clearly indicated by the available surgical error statistics.
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Pace, Francesco, and Giulia Sciotto. "The Effect of Emotional Dissonance and Mental Load on Need for Recovery and Work Engagement among Italian Fixed-Term Researchers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010099.
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Although many studies have been conducted to evaluate the risk and protective factors on psychological health among academic staff, little attention has been paid to fixed-term researchers, the weakest figures in the academic context. By using the Job Demands–Resources model as theoretical framework, we investigated: (1) the role of some job demands (workload, mental load, and emotional dissonance) in predicting the need for recovery; (2) the role of some job resources (independence, career opportunities, and work–life balance) in predicting work engagement; and (3) the moderating role of the contract type (more or less precarious). We focused in particular on emotional dissonance (the discrepancy between emotions that need to be displayed and what is really felt), assuming its unique role in predicting fatigue. Results of structural equation modeling analysis generally supported our hypotheses and highlighted a so far undiscovered path between mental load and work engagement. Specifically, mental load leads to fatigue only indirectly through workload and emotional dissonance, while significantly predicting the absorption and the dedication of fixed-term Italian researchers. The latter relationship was also moderated by the contract type, so that mental load predicts dedication especially among researchers in the most precarious condition.
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Nurmasari, Ellena, Mirwan Ushada, and Endy Suwondo. "Analysis of the influence of physical and mental workload on worker productivity in bakery SME." Digital Press Life Sciences 1 (2018): 00004. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.21248.
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<p class="Abstract">The worker is one of the important factors in Small Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) because of manual production. Workload and daily production target influence worker productivity. The research objectives are: 1) To measure worker physical and mental workload in Bakery SMEs; 2) To analyze the relationship between physical, mental workload and productivity. The case study of research is in SME an anonymous bakery SME in Sleman. Physical workload indicator was based on heart rate. Heart rate was measured using wrist pulsemeter. Cardiovascular load percentage was calculated using measured heart rate work and leisure time. Mental workload indicator was measured NASA-TLX questionnaire. It had six indicators as mental, physical, temporal demand, performance, effort<span lang="IN">,</span> and frustration level. Productivity was identified by the dough output. The relationship between physical, mental workload and productivity were analyzed using polynomial quadratic regression. The result concluded the worker productivity in bakery SME was influenced by physical and mental workload as much as 80.8 % and 19.2 % influenced by other factors. The result of 80<span lang="IN">.</span>8 % was significant compared to the other one in SMEs. This result provided the linear model opportunity to be used easily instead of non-linear to define the worker and production system interaction in SMEs.<o:p></o:p></p>
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Saikia, Manob Jyoti, Walter G. Besio, and Kunal Mankodiya. "The Validation of a Portable Functional NIRS System for Assessing Mental Workload." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113810.
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Portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) systems have the potential to image the brain in naturalistic settings. Experimental studies are essential to validate such fNIRS systems. Working memory (WM) is a short-term active memory that is associated with the temporary storage and manipulation of information. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) brain area is involved in the processing of WM. We assessed the PFC brain during n-back WM tasks in a group of 25 college students using our laboratory-developed portable fNIRS system, WearLight. We designed an experimental protocol with 32 n-back WM task blocks with four different pseudo-randomized task difficulty levels. The hemodynamic response of the brain was computed from the experimental data and the evaluated brain responses due to these tasks. We observed the incremental mean hemodynamic activation induced by the increasing WM load. The left-PFC area was more activated in the WM task compared to the right-PFC. The task performance was seen to be related to the hemodynamic responses. The experimental results proved the functioning of the WearLight system in cognitive load imaging. Since the portable fNIRS system was wearable and operated wirelessly, it was possible to measure the cognitive load in the naturalistic environment, which could also lead to the development of a user-friendly brain–computer interface system.
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Harris, David, Mark Wilson, and Samuel Vine. "Development and validation of a simulation workload measure: the simulation task load index (SIM-TLX)." Virtual Reality 24, no. 4 (2019): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10055-019-00422-9.
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AbstractVirtual reality (VR) simulation offers significant potential for human factors training as it provides a novel approach which enables training in environments that are otherwise dangerous, impractical or expensive to simulate. While VR training has been adopted in many environments, such as heavy industry, surgery and aviation, there remains an inadequate understanding of how virtual simulations impact cognitive factors. One such factor, which needs careful consideration during the design of VR simulations, is the degree of mental or cognitive load experienced during training. This study aimed to validate a newly developed measure of workload, based on existing instruments (e.g. the NASA-TLX), but tailored to the specific demands placed on users of simulated environments. While participants completed a VR puzzle game, a series of experimental manipulations of workload were used to assess the sensitivity of the new instrument. The manipulations affected the questionnaire subscales (mental demands; physical demands; temporal demands; frustration; task complexity; situational stress; distraction; perceptual strain; task control; presence) as predicted in all cases (ps < .05), except for presence, which displayed little relationship with other aspects of task load. The scale was also found to have good convergent validity with an alternate index of task load. The findings support the sensitivity of the new instrument for assessing task load in virtual reality. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of mental workload in simulated environments and provides a practical tool for use in both future research and applications in the field.
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Young, Mark S., and Neville A. Stanton. "Taking the load off: investigations of how adaptive cruise control affects mental workload." Ergonomics 47, no. 9 (2004): 1014–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140130410001686348.
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Riono, Riono, Suparno Suparno, and Adi Bandono. "ANALYSIS OF MENTAL WORKLOAD WITH INTEGRATING NASA TLX AND FUZZY METHOD." JOURNAL ASRO 9, no. 1 (2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v9i1.57.
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ABSTRAK
 In carrying out its main duty as a guardian of the territorial water sovereignty republic Indonesia, the strength of the Navy is directed as a strategic force developed under the SSAT. The strength of the Navy can be measured by the arsenal and the quality of the personnel who are responsible for it. The performance, quality of personnel is strongly influenced by the work load it receives. Measurement of personnel workload in Indonesian Warship to determine the class of his current position using the Factor Evaluation System (FES) method that is more oriented on the volume of work and work time. While the mental workload has not been accommodated in the measurement of workload using this method. In this research will carry out the measurement of mental workload of Indonesian Warship personnel for each type of work when the Indonesian Warship operates, using the NASA TLX method integrated with the Fuzzy method. The questionnaire data collection was obtained from 82 respondents Indonesian Warship personnel. From the research results obtained data that of 11 (eleven) types of work in Indonesian Warship at the time of operation, Main Engine Operators work is the work that has the highest mental workload with a value of 74.33. While the type of work that most low-level mental work is to electronics Operators with a value of 58.83. 
 Keywords: Workload, NASA TLX, FUZZY Method, FES
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Galoyan, Tamara, Kristen Betts, Hovag Abramian, Pratusha Reddy, Kurtulus Izzetoglu, and Patricia A. Shewokis. "Examining Mental Workload in a Spatial Navigation Transfer Game via Functional near Infrared Spectroscopy." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010045.
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The goal of this study was to examine the effects of task-related variables, such as the difficulty level, problem scenario, and experiment week, on performance and mental workload of 27 healthy adult subjects during problem solving within the spatial navigation transfer (SNT) game. The study reports task performance measures such as total time spent on a task (TT) and reaction time (RT); neurophysiological measures involving the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS); and a subjective rating scale for self-assessment of mental workload (NASA TLX) to test the related hypothesis. Several within-subject repeated-measures factorial ANOVA models were developed to test the main hypothesis. The results revealed a number of interaction effects for the dependent measures of TT, RT, fNIRS, and NASA TLX. The results showed (1) a decrease in TT and RT across the three levels of difficulty from Week 1 to Week 2; (2) an increase in TT and RT for high and medium cognitive load tasks as compared to low cognitive load tasks in both Week 1 and Week 2; (3) an overall increase in oxygenation from Week 1 to Week 2. These findings confirmed that both the behavioral performance and mental workload were sensitive to task manipulations.
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McAlindon, Peter, and Gene C. Lee. "Perceived Workload between the Keybowl and the Qwerty Keyboard." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 4 (1995): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503900415.
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The Keybowl alphanumeric input device was designed and developed to totally eliminate finger movement and drastically reduce wrist motion. Typing without finger movement requires a typist to adapt to a new method of key activation. This new method requires new mental, physical, and temporal demands, associated with new levels of performance, effort, and frustration. Together these requirements are measured to produce an overall measure of workload. Keybowl workload requirements are somewhat different than QWERTY keyboard workload requirements. With the significant reduction of finger and wrist motion comes concern over how much workload is expected in re-learning to type with the Keybowl. Typing workload was analyzed via the NASA Task Load Index. Typing workload analyses were performed to determine how the two groups of subjects (Keybowl and QWERTY) compared in terms of overall workload.
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Azemil, Nur. "THE WORKLOAD ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYEE BY USING NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION-TASK LOAD INDEX METHOD (NASA-TLX)." Dinamika Rekayasa 13, no. 2 (2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.dr.2017.13.2.181.
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Development of manufacturing and service institutions can not be separated from the role of human resources. Human resources have an important role in fulfilling vision and mission. University of A is one of the private educational institutions in East Java to achieve the goal must be managed properly that can be utilized optimally, this can be done by analyzing workload and performance or optimizing the number of employees. The purpose this research is measure workload and effect the employee’s performance. Measurement of workload is using National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) method, NASA-TLX method is rating multidimentional subjective mental workload that divides<em> </em>the workload based on the average load of 6 dimensions, and the measurement of performance is using questionnaire with 5 scales by likert scale. The results showed that employees who have Medium workload is 8%, High workload is 84% and Very high workload is 8%. The result of the questionnaire showed the category of employee’s performance, simply performance is 24% and satisfactory performance is 76%. From the statistical test by using <em>Chi Square</em> method, it is known that the value = 5,9915 and = 2,2225, the result shows <strong> &lt; </strong> , then is accepted and is rejected. Thus, there is influence between the workload of employees and the employees’s performance.
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Nickel, Peter, and Friedhelm Nachreiner. "Psychometric Properties of the 0.1 HZ Component of HRV as an Indicator of Mental Strain." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 12 (2000): 2–747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004401284.
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Legal regulations in the EU concerning the evaluation of mental workload require that suitable and practical methods for the assessment of mental workload at the workplace are needed. Currently the 0.1 Hz component of heartrate variability (HRV) is considered an attractive and promising measure of mental strain. However, systematic and comprehensive studies investigating the psychometric properties of this cardiovascular measure are still missing. Therefore this problem has been addressed experimentally: If the 0.1 component of HRV is a valid measure of mental strain it should discriminate between mental load produced by different types of tasks (diagnosticity) and different levels of difficulty (sensitivity). Comparing psychophysiological, performance, and subjective data the results for the psychophysiolgical data cannot be interpreted as support for a sufficient sensitivity and diagnosticity of the 0.1 component of HRV as a measure of mental strain. This cardiovascular indicator does not meet conventional requirements to be used in mental and especially cognitive workload evaluation. However, there is evidence that the 0.1 component of HRV is more likely to indicate emotional strain (stress reactions) or general activation.
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Spinelli, Raffaele, Natascia Magagnotti, and Eric R. Labelle. "The Effect of New Silvicultural Trends on Mental Workload of Harvester Operators." Croatian journal of forest engineering 41, no. 2 (2020): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2020.747.
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Close-to-nature (CTN) forestry offers many advantages, but makes management more complex and generally results in lower harvesting productivity and higher harvesting cost. While the higher harvesting cost of CTN is widely acknowledged, few ever consider the potential impact on operator workload, as the harvesting task becomes more complex. This study aimed to determine the mental workload of harvester operators under two silvicultural regimes: »pure conifer« stand and »mixwood« stand. In total, 13 harvester operators with varying experience levels were monitored for work performance and mental workload when operating a harvester simulator in two virtual stands designed according to the above-mentioned silvicultural regimes. Mental workload was assessed using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) interview method and heart rate variability measurements, during two 30-minute test sessions performed in the »pure conifer« and the »mixwood« stand, respectively. As expected, operating in a more diversified »mixwood« stand resulted in a marked productivity loss, estimated between 40 and 57%. The study also confirmed the increased aggravation of mental demand, effort and frustration experienced by the operators when passing from the »pure conifer« stand to the »mixwood« stand. Such increase in mental workload was independent of the age and experience of the operators. Results can be used to paint a more holistic picture of CTN forestry and its implications for harvester operators. Besides increasing the number of subjects being monitored, future studies should focus on live forest operations.
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Kale, Utku, József Rohács, and Dániel Rohács. "Operators’ Load Monitoring and Management." Sensors 20, no. 17 (2020): 4665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174665.
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Due to the introduction of highly automated vehicles and systems, the tasks of operators (drivers, pilots, air traffic controllers, production process managers) are in transition from “active control” to “passive monitoring” and “supervising”. As a result of this transition, the roles of task load and workload are decreasing while the role of the mental load is increasing, thereby the new type of loads might be defined as information load and communication load. This paper deals with operators’ load monitoring and management in highly automated systems. This research (i) introduces the changes in the role of operators and requirements in load management, (ii) defines the operators’ models, (iii) describes the possible application of sensors and their integration into the working environment of operators, and (iv) develops the load observation and management concept. There are some examples of analyses of measurements and the concept of validation is discussed. This paper mainly deals with operators, particularly pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCOs).
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Mustika Suci, Intan Sulistyana. "ANALISIS HUBUNGAN FAKTOR INDIVIDU DAN BEBAN KERJA MENTAL DENGAN STRES KERJA." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 7, no. 2 (2018): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v7i2.2018.220-229.
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Stress is the stimulation of the situation which could threaten the physical and psychological that cannot be tolerated by an individual because of limited ability. The general objective of this research is to analyze the individual factors and mental workload with stress. The research was done in observational. Population in this study are all the workers are there in packer PT. X amount of 10 workers and analysis of the data used is the spearman correlation test to known the correlation between education and mental workload with job stress, pearson correlation test to known the correlation between age and work period with job stress and contingency test to known the correlation between marital status with job stress. Based on the results of the statistical tests, a variable that has a strong relationship with stress is mental work load variable (0.667), while variables that have a relationship with stress is the level of education (-0.102), marital status (0.378),the period of employment (-0.102) and age (-0.408). From the results of this research it can be concluded that the majority of respondents in the age range 21–40 years (60%) and has a working time of 5–9 years (70%) by level of education finished high school (60%) and be married (60%). The relationship between mental workload with the stress of having strong correlation.Keywords: job stress, mental workload
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Arvidsson, Hans, Gunnar Larsson, Anders Larsolle, Gregory Neely, and Per-Anders Hansson. "Easily Applicable Methods for Measuring the Mental Load on Tractor Operators." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 26, no. 1 (2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.13223.
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Abstract. Agriculture technology is moving toward automation, placing operators in a supervisory role. This change in operator workload may lead to increased stress and higher mental load, resulting in reduced attention and hence greater risk of illness or injury to humans and damage to equipment. This study investigated the use of easily applicable equipment to measure mental load.Three methods were used to measure the mental load on machine operators: heart rate monitoring, two types of electroencephalograph (EEG) evaluation, and an assessment protocol. Three driving exercises (general driving, slalom driving, and loading) and a counting exercise were used in a driving simulator to create different levels of mental load. Due to the number of exercises, a single-scale assessment protocol was used to save time. We found that only the assessment protocol gave clear results and would work well as an evaluation tool. The heart rate and EEG measurements did not provide clear data for mental load assessment. Keywords: Agriculture, Awareness, Continuous measurement, EEG, Heart rate, Mental load, Simulator, Single-scale assessment, Tractor operator, Work machinery.
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Pauzié, A. "A method to assess the driver mental workload: The driving activity load index (DALI)." IET Intelligent Transport Systems 2, no. 4 (2008): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-its:20080023.
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