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Journal articles on the topic 'Mental Retardation, classification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Yuksel, Adnan, Hulya Kayserili, Gozde Yesil, and MemnuneYuksel Apak. "Evaluation of mental retardation - Part 1: Etiologic classification of 4659 patients with mental retardation or multiple congenital abnormality and mental retardation." Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences 2, no. 2 (2007): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1817-1745.36762.

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Navarro, B., and M. Torres. "Clinical and functional impact of differences between the diagnostic criteria of DSM IV-TR and DSM V for mental retardation: A case report." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1305.

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IntroductionThe new edition of the DSM has introduced some changes involving differences, sometimes significant, in the conceptualization and classification of mental pathology. One of the most important has been the case of mental retardation.Objectives and aimsDiscuss, with a clinical and pragmatic perspective, the relevance of those changes in the diagnosis and classification of mental retardation in DSM.MethodsA 45-year-old woman diagnosed with mental retardation is admitted in a psychiatric rehabilitation unit for behavioral disorders and psychotic symptoms. Once controlled the symptoms a

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3

Maris, Angelica Francesca, Ingrid Tremel Barbato, Alexis Trott, and Marco Aurélio Echart Montano. "Familial mental retardation: a review and practical classification." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 18, no. 6 (2013): 1717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232013000600023.

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Mental retardation (MR) is a definition which comprises a series of conditions whose common feature is an intellectual handicap that develops before the age of 18, afflicting 2-3% of the world's population. The classification of MR into different categories is determined by the extent of the handicap instead of its cause, which often remains unrecognized. Sometimes, MR runs in a family, characterizing familial MR, and those cases permit an in-depth look into the genetic causes and consequences of the problem. However, almost no work is available on the prevalence of familial MR among the regis

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Maris, Angelica Francesca, Ingrid Tremel Barbato, Alexis Trott, and Marco Aurélio Echart Montano. "Familial mental retardation: a review and practical classification." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 18, no. 6 (2013): 1717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232013001400023.

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5

Nettelbeck, Ted. "Mental Retardation: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Support." Intelligence 31, no. 4 (2003): 425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-2896(03)00012-6.

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6

Saunders, Muriel D. "Mental retardation: Definition, classification, and systems of supports." Psychological Record 53, no. 2 (2003): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03395448.

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7

Bellini, James. "Mental Retardation: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports." Mental Retardation 41, no. 2 (2003): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2003)041<0135:br>2.0.co;2.

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8

Zupanc, Mary. "Mental retardation: Definition, classification and systems of support." Pediatric Neurology 9, no. 5 (1993): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-8994(93)90122-s.

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9

Nova, Sausan Hidayah, Budi Warsito, and Aris Puji Widodo. "The Combination of C4.5 with Particle Swarm Optimization in Classification of Class for Mental Retardation Students." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika 9, no. 1 (2023): 107–18. https://doi.org/10.26555/jiteki.v9i1.25520.

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Mental retardation or brain weakness is a condition of children who experience mental disorders. There are several characteristics to know the child has mental retardation. When entering a school, teachers are expected to be able to determine the right class for mental retardation students according to their category. Data mining is the process of finding patterns in selected data using artificial intelligence and machine learning. Algorithm C4.5 is one of the classification techniques in data mining. C4.5 can be used to create decision trees and classify data that has numeric, continuous, and

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10

Foreman, Phil. "Mental retardation: definition, classification and systems of support, 10th edn. American Association on Mental Retardation. Washington, DC. 2002." Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability 28, no. 3 (2003): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1366825031000150928.

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11

Belozerskaya, Anna V. "The specifics of the formation of arbitrary self-regulation in preschool children with mental retardation." SMALTA, no. 4 (December 24, 2023): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2312-1580.2304.07.

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The article presents a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of the formation of arbitrary self-regulation in ontogenesis. The difficulties associated with the development of arbitrary self-regulation in preschool children with mental retardation are analyzed. The classification of psychophysiological peculiarities of children with mental retardation in preschool age and their influence on the formation of self-control and readiness for educational activities is given. Based on the study and analysis of sources, the importance of the development of voluntary self-regulation in preschool age i

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12

Lamont, M. A., and N. R. Dennis. "Diagnostic classification of the aetiology of mental retardation in children." BMJ 294, no. 6574 (1987): 772–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6574.772-d.

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13

Turk, Vicky. "Mental Retardation: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports, 10th edn." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 47, no. 4-5 (2003): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00481.x.

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14

Deuel, Ruthmary K. "Mental retardation: definition, classification, and systems of supports (10th ed)." Pediatric Neurology 29, no. 1 (2003): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-8994(03)00213-3.

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15

Newell, S. J., and S. H. Green. "Diagnostic classification of the aetiology of mental retardation in children." BMJ 294, no. 6565 (1987): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6565.163.

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16

Raina, Sunil Kumar, Shailja Sharma, Ashok Bhardwaj, Mitasha Singh, Sanjeev Chaudhary, and Vipasha Kashyap. "Malnutrition as a cause of mental retardation: A population-based study from Sub-Himalayan India." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 07, no. 03 (2016): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.182776.

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ABSTRACT Background: Mental retardation is one of the most common disabilities of childhood. The research on childhood malnutrition and its relationship with cognitive functioning suggests that malnutrition alone does not cause mental retardation. Objective: To identify the relation between malnutrition and cognition among children from a Sub-Himalayan state in North India. Materials and Methods: A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural, urban, and slum area of district Kangra. A 30-cluster sampling technique was used to screen a population of children 1–10 years of age fro

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17

Tassé, Marc J. "What's in a Name?" Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 51, no. 2 (2013): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-51.2.113.

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Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) is in the process of developing the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD–11). Part of this process includes replacing mental retardation with a more acceptable term to identify the condition. The current international consensus appears to be replacing mental retardation with intellectual disability. This article briefly presents some of the issues involved in changing terminology and the constraints and conventions that are specific to the ICD.

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Foreman, Phil. "Mental retardation: definition, classification and systems of support, 10th edn. American Association on Mental Retardation. Washington, DC. 2002. 238 pp." Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability 28, no. 3 (2003): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13668250305761.

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19

Burack, Jacob A., Robert M. Hodapp, and Edward Zigler. "ISSUES IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL RETARDATION: DIFFERENTIATING AMONG ORGANIC ETIOLOGIES." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 29, no. 6 (1988): 765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00752.x.

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20

Meadows, Tawnya. "Book Reviews: Mental Retardation: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports, by American Association on Mental Retardation. Published in 2002 by American Association on Mental Retardation, Washington, DC, 192 pages, $79.95." Journal of Child Neurology 18, no. 4 (2003): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08830738030180040103.

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21

Malaniiuk, Mariia. "THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 36, no. 5 (2019): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3612.

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The article is focused on the problem of disability as a general mental disease and mental retardation as a kind of intellectual disorder and possible alternative ways of teaching English as a foreign language. The authors define a mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, as a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. They claim that abilities and limitations of mentally handicapped children are presented by defining mental retardation. The article also presents the classification of mental disabilities, a

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22

Inlow, Jennifer K., and Linda L. Restifo. "Molecular and Comparative Genetics of Mental Retardation." Genetics 166, no. 2 (2004): 835–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/166.2.835.

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Abstract Affecting 1-3% of the population, mental retardation (MR) poses significant challenges for clinicians and scientists. Understanding the biology of MR is complicated by the extraordinary heterogeneity of genetic MR disorders. Detailed analyses of &gt;1000 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database entries and literature searches through September 2003 revealed 282 molecularly identified MR genes. We estimate that hundreds more MR genes remain to be identified. A novel test, in which we distributed unmapped MR disorders proportionately across the autosomes, failed to elimin

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23

Stybaуeva, А. Sh, and E. Zh Amirkenova. "DEVELOPMENT OF LOGIC IN CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION." DULATY UNIVERSITY BULLETIN 3, no. 11 (2023): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.55956/xkbb8655.

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The article deals with the problem of logic development in children with mental retardation in a comprehensive school, as the modern education system is designed to create conditions that meet the capabilities and needs of students with special educational needs. The development of thinking, including logical thinking, plays a special role in the senior preschool and school age. With the beginning of school, thinking becomes one of the key aspects among other cognitive processes. The lack of consistency of logical thinking leads to the fact that the knowledge acquired by the child turns out to

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24

Bodensteiner, John B. "Book Review: Mental Retardation: Definition, Classification and Systems of Support, 9th edition, by American Association on Mental Retardation. Published in 1992 by American Association on Mental Retardation, Washington, DC, 180 pages, $65.00." Journal of Child Neurology 9, no. 3 (1994): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088307389400900340.

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25

Nafikadini, Iken, and Driya Paramarta. "Pola Asuh Ibu dalam Kebersihan Organ Reproduksi selama Menstruasi pada Remaja Tunagrahita." Jurnal Kesehatan 8, no. 3 (2021): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/j-kes.v8i3.193.

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Mentally retarded children are children who have limitations in intellectual abilities. The classification of mental retardation based on intellectual classification is divided into three classes, namely debil/moron, moderate, and idiot. Mentally retarded children will step into adolescence which will be marked by physical changes but not in line with their thinking abilities. Reproductive health problems arise in children with mental retardation, especially during menstruation. Personal hygiene during menstruation should be noticed by mentally disabled children that have mental retardation. T

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26

E., Sukarova-Angelovska, Kocova M., Sabolich V., Palcevska S., and Angelkova N. "Phenotypic Variations in Wolfhirschhorn Syndrome." Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics 17, no. 1 (2014): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2014-0021.

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Abstract Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a rare chromosomal disorder caused by terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4. The clinical picture includes growth retardation, severe mental retardation, characteristic “Greek helmet” like face, seizures and midline defects in the brain, heart, palate and genitalia. Recently-used molecular techniques increase the number of diagnosed cases due to the detection of smaller deletions. The severity of the clinical presentation is variable depending on the haploinsufficiency of genes in a deleted region. We present six children with WHS with va

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27

Bennabi, Djamila, Pierre Vandel, Charalambos Papaxanthis, Thierry Pozzo, and Emmanuel Haffen. "Psychomotor Retardation in Depression: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic, Pathophysiologic, and Therapeutic Implications." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/158746.

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Psychomotor retardation is a central feature of depression which includes motor and cognitive impairments. Effective management may be useful to improve the classification of depressive subtypes and treatment selection, as well as prediction of outcome in patients with depression. The aim of this paper was to review the current status of knowledge regarding psychomotor retardation in depression, in order to clarify its role in the diagnostic management of mood disorders. Retardation modifies all the actions of the individual, including motility, mental activity, and speech. Objective assessmen

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28

Giasuddin, Noor Ahmed, and Shazadi Farha Diba. "Pattern of Child and Adolescent Patients Attending Psychiatric Outpatient Department of the Mental Hospital in Bangladesh." Faridpur Medical College Journal 7, no. 2 (2013): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13501.

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Bangladesh has only one mental hospital which is situated in Pabna district of the country. People from the nearby locality as well as from distant regions of the country come here for psychiatric service. Clinical records of all the children who attended the outpatient department of 'Mental Hospital, Pabna' (MHP) during January, 2009 to June, 2009 were analyzed. Of the 143 children, 125 (88%) were of school going age (i.e., ?6 years of age). The majority (63%) of the patients were male. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) classification revealed that the patients came with mental r

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Mandita, Fridy, and Muhammad Syaiful Arif. "SISTEM PAKAR IDENTIFIKASI TUNAGRAHITA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY SUGENO." KONVERGENSI 18, no. 2 (2022): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/konv.v18i2.6640.

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An expert system for Identification of mentally impaired using fuzzy Sugeno method mental retardation is a state of mental retardation, this condition is also known as mental retardation. Mentally retarded children are children where mental development does not take place normally, so as a result there is an inability in intellectual field, will, taste, social adjustment and so on. Identification of mental retardation is usually carried out by an expert or expert in the field of child growth and development, but actually parents can also carry out early identification of possibility mental ret

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30

Tassé, Marc J., Ruth Luckasson, and Margaret Nygren. "AAIDD Proposed Recommendations for ICD–11 and the Condition Previously Known as Mental Retardation." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 51, no. 2 (2013): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-51.2.127.

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Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) is in the process of seeking input from professional stakeholder groups and consumers regarding the draft proposals of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD–11). The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) convened a small group of distinguished interdisciplinary expert professionals in intellectual disability to review the ICD–11 proposal regarding revisions of the condition previously known as “mental retardation.” This article presents the recommendations made by the AAIDD to the

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Kottorp, A., B. Bernspång, A. G. Fisher, and K. A. Bryze. "IADL Ability Measured with the AMPS: Relation to two Classification Systems of Mental Retardation." Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy 2, no. 3-4 (1995): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038129509106804.

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32

Brown, Elaine C., Michael G. Aman, and Luc Lecavalier. "Empirical Classification of Behavioral and Psychiatric Problems in Children and Adolescents With Mental Retardation." American Journal on Mental Retardation 109, no. 6 (2004): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2004)109<445:ecobap>2.0.co;2.

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33

McCreary, Bruce D. "Book Review: Mental Retardation: Intellectual Disability: Understanding its Development, Causes, Classification, Evaluation and Treatment." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 2 (2007): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370705200213.

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34

Prystiananta, Nostalgianti Citra. "Teacher’s Strategies and Classroom Management Techniques in Teaching English at SMP Inklusi TPA Jember." Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 4, no. 1 (2020): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/leea.v4i1.1417.

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The research aims at explaining the teacher’s strategies and classroom management techniques applied in teaching English to mental retardation students at SMP Inklusi TPA Jember. This is a descriptive qualitative research. The subject of the research was an English teacher at SMP Inklusi TPA Jember. The data were collected through a non-participant observation and interview. The data were analyzed through identification, classification, data reduction, and description. The findings were: 1) the teacherused three kinds of strategies, i.e. imitation and modeling strategy, demonstration strategy,

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35

Shulman, Cory, Nurit Yirmiya, and Charles W. Greenbaum. "From categorization to classification: A comparison among individuals with autism, mental retardation, and normal development." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 104, no. 4 (1995): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.104.4.601.

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36

Alekhin, A. N., and S. I. Belyaeva. "Features of Thinking of Modern Preschool Children with Mental Retardation." Клиническая и специальная психология 12, no. 3 (2023): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2023120303.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">The mental development of modern children takes place in a social and cultural environment that is radically different from the conditions of development of past generations. This is due to the intensive introduction of digital technologies in all areas of the child's activity &mdash; communication, play, study. The shift of children's activity into a virtual environment, from real interaction with people and things to the manipulation of media images, cannot but affect the formation of a child's mental processes. However, this question still remains d

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37

Peterkova, V. A., O. B. Bezlepkina, E. V. Nagaeva, et al. "Clinical guidelines “Congenital hypothyroidism”." Clinical and experimental thyroidology 20, no. 2 (2024): 48–68. https://doi.org/10.14341/ket12799.

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Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an important issue of pediatric endocrinology. Early detection of this disease and timely initiation of treatment can prevent the development of severe mental retardation. Neonatal screening for CH in Russian Federation has been conducted since 1993. Updated in 2024 clinical guidelines are the main tool of a physicians. They briefly and structurally present main information about congenital hypothyroidism, its epidemiology and modern classification, methods of diagnosis and treatment, based on the principles of evidence-based medicine.

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38

A’tiana, Zuhrina Irma, Reliani Reliani, Mundakir Mundakir, and Era Catur Prasetya. "The Influence of Playing with Number Blocks on the Increase in Counting Ability in Class 4 Mental Retardation Children in SDLB/C Aditama Surabaya." MAGNA MEDICA Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 1, no. 3 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/magnamed.1.3.2016.1-13.

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Background: The number block is a media that Montessori created in 1909. This block media is made of a wooden square and consists of 10 blocks with red and blue colors. Each red and blue segment represents the sum of 1 block. According to Fridani in Kompas Daily (2010), the block game itself has several advantages, including that children can recognize mathematical concepts because by playing blocks, children get to know more concepts - less, the same and not the same, the concepts of numbers and numbers and science. Such as calculating, classification, gravity, and stabilization.Objective: To

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39

Ghali, Anmar jumaa, Khalid Ayad Al-Majmae, and Ahmed Adnan Nabat. "Clinical patterns of cerebral palsy with complications and neurodisabilities associated with cerebral palsy." Muthanna Medical Journal 8, no. 2 (2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/1/2410-4590/2021-54-61.

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Cerebral palsy was a primary neuromotor disorder that affects the development of movement, muscular tone and posture due to injury to the developing brain in prenatal, natal, or post-natal period. cp is non progressive disease but it is changeable features with period. The objective of this study is to identify clinical types of cerebral palsy and neuro-disabilities associated with cerebral palsy patient. Data (2019-2020) on 100 children of cerebral palsy in central teaching hospital in Baghdad analysis include clinical patterns of cerebral palsy and topographic classification of spastic cereb

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40

Yacubian-Fernandes, Adriano, Aristides Palhares, Alcir Giglio, et al. "Apert syndrome: factors involved in the cognitive development." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, no. 4 (2005): 963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000600011.

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Apert syndrome is characterized by craniosynostosis, symmetric syndactyly and other systemic malformations, with mental retardation usually present. The objective of this study was to correlate brain malformations and timing for surgery with neuropsychological evaluation. We also tried to determine other relevant aspects involved in cognitive development of these patients such as social classification of families and parents’ education. Eighteen patients with Apert syndrome were studied, whose ages were between 14 and 322 months. Brain abnormalities were observed in 55.6% of them. The intellig

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41

Kameyama, Shigeki, Hiroatsu Murakami, Hiroshi Masuda, and Ichiro Sugiyama. "MINIMALLY INVASIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING-GUIDED STEREOTACTIC RADIOFREQUENCY THERMOCOAGULATION FOR EPILEPTOGENIC HYPOTHALAMIC HAMARTOMAS." Neurosurgery 65, no. 3 (2009): 438–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000348292.39252.b5.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To validate the safety and efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation (SRT) for epileptogenic hypothalamic hamartoma (HH), we evaluated surgical outcomes and revised the MRI classification. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 25 consecutive patients with HH (age range, 2–36 years; mean age, 14.8 years) with gelastic seizures. Other seizure types were exhibited in 22 patients (88.0%), precocious puberty in 8 (32.0%), behavioral disorder in 10 (40.0%), and mental retardation in 14 (56.0%). We classified HH into 3 subtypes

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42

Schultz, Gary Steven. "Taxonomy of rights: A proposed classification system of rights for individuals with mental retardation or developmental disabilities." Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 8, no. 3 (1996): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02578395.

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43

Wilantika, Wilantika. "FOTOGRAFI DOKUMENTER ORANG DENGAN KETERBELAKANGAN MENTAL DI DESA KREBET DAN DESA SIDOHARJO, JAMBON, PONOROGO, JAWA TIMUR." spectā : Journal of Photography, Arts, and Media 4, no. 2 (2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/specta.v4i2.3746.

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Documentary Photography Of People With Mental Retardation In Krebet Village And Sidoharjo Village, Jambon, Ponorogo, East Java.Documentary photography of people with mental illness in the village of Sidoharjo and Krebet in the District of Ponorogo tries to visualize the life of people with mental illness. This creation is based on the classification of people with mental illness according to the Tribowo Tuahta Ginting in Guidelines for Diagnosis Classification of Mental Disorders (PPDGJ III) consisting of: mental illness with the category of mild, moderate, severe, and very severe. Visualizati

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Reschly, Daniel J. "Minority MMR Overrepresentation and Special Education Reform." Exceptional Children 54, no. 4 (1988): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440298805400405.

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The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) panel recommendations are examined critically in view of past and current classification and placement practices for exceptional students. The NAS panel emphasis on instructional validity is strongly endorsed. However, the NAS panel was perhaps naive in certain other recommendations, particularly those dealing with use of biomedical data and learning-process assessment. Special problems in mild mental retardation and inaccurate interpretation of overrepresentation phenomena are discussed, as well as the use of prereferral interventions, cross categorical

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45

Wiratsiwi, Wendri, and Sumadi Sumadi. "Efektifitas Pengenalan Nilai-Nilai Karakter pada Anak Tunagrahita Ringan di SD Inklusi Melalui Game Interaktif." Media Penelitian Pendidikan : Jurnal Penelitian dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Pengajaran 16, no. 1 (2022): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/mpp.v16i1.12088.

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The introduction of character values in students is very important to equip them with good character and to be able to distinguish between good behavior and bad behavior. Character education itself has a main function, namely developing the basic potential of students, both in thinking and behaving in society and improving the nation's civilization that is competitive in world relations. Once the importance of character education in providing positive input for the progress of the nation, so it must be used as a basis for learning. No exception for children with mild mental retardation in incl

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Smith, J. David, and Alison L. Mitchell. "“Me? I'm not a drooler. I'm the Assistant”: Is it Time to Abandon Mental Retardation as a Classification?" Mental Retardation 39, no. 2 (2001): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2001)039<0144:mimnad>2.0.co;2.

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47

Moog, Ute. "The outcome of diagnostic studies on the etiology of mental retardation: Considerations on the classification of the causes." American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 137A, no. 2 (2005): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30841.

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Bertelli, Marco O., Kerim Munir, James Harris, and Luis Salvador-Carulla. "“Intellectual developmental disorders”: reflections on the international consensus document for redefining “mental retardation-intellectual disability” in ICD-11." Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities 10, no. 1 (2016): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/amhid-10-2015-0050.

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Purpose – The debate as to whether intellectual disability (ID) should be conceptualized as a health condition or as a disability has intensified as the revision of World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is being finalized. Defining ID as a health condition is central to retaining it in ICD, with significant implications for health policy and access to health services. The purpose of this paper is to include some reflections on the consensus document produced by the first WHO Working Group on the Classification of MR (WHO WG-MR) and on the process th

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Danilova, S. "Expert Evaluation of «Another Unhealthy Conditions»." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71057-0.

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Patients who have had chronic mental disorders, another unhealthy conditions, mental retardation are considered to be irresponsible. Special interest represent is disorders, which expect as “another unhealthy conditions”. Mental disorders consider without process basis (pathokinesis have has chronic or acute psychosis), dementia. Another unhealthy conditions is quality differences from mental standard, but it does happen expressive that does irresponsible.56 men have been examined in the department of Personality Disorders and psyhogenias. Age: 20-60 years old. Disorders experts as “another un

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Winnick, Joseph P., and Francis X. Short. "A Comparison of the Physical Fitness of Nonretarded and Mildly Mentally Retarded Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 8, no. 1 (1991): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.8.1.43.

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In order to compare their physical fitness, the UNIQUE Physical Fitness Test was administered to 203 retarded and nonretarded subjects with cerebral palsy from both segregated and integrated settings throughout the United States. The test was administered to subjects between the ages of 10 and 17 by professional persons prepared as field testers. Subjects were free from multiple handicapping conditions other than mild mental retardation and cerebral palsy. Regardless of intellectual classification, older subjects significantly exceeded the performance of younger subjects on dominant grip stren

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