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Academic literature on the topic 'Mental retardation. Mental status examination. Psychodiagnostics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mental retardation. Mental status examination. Psychodiagnostics"
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Mitsea, A., A. Karidis, C. Donta-Bakoyianni, and N. Spyropoulos. "Oral health status in Greek children and teenagers, with disabilities." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 26, no. 1 (2002): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.26.1.705x15693372k1g7.
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Nowadays there is a sharp increase of population with disabilities. The aim of this investigation was a) to survey the dental health status, estimate the treatment requirements of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, mental retardation and visual disorders and b) to compare the oral health status of these groups of individuals. The investigation entailed the clinical examination of 170 individuals, between 6 and 15 years old, who were attending four special schools in Athens, Greece. In conclusion, our investigation documented the following: The treatment needs regarding both dentitions are extremely high in all groups of individuals. The oral hygiene status is in general, moderate to low-grade, especially in the individuals with mental retardation. The highest rate of malocclusion is observed in the group of individuals with cerebral palsy.
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Raina, Sunil Kumar, Shailja Sharma, Ashok Bhardwaj, Mitasha Singh, Sanjeev Chaudhary, and Vipasha Kashyap. "Malnutrition as a cause of mental retardation: A population-based study from Sub-Himalayan India." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 07, no. 03 (2016): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.182776.
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ABSTRACT Background: Mental retardation is one of the most common disabilities of childhood. The research on childhood malnutrition and its relationship with cognitive functioning suggests that malnutrition alone does not cause mental retardation. Objective: To identify the relation between malnutrition and cognition among children from a Sub-Himalayan state in North India. Materials and Methods: A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural, urban, and slum area of district Kangra. A 30-cluster sampling technique was used to screen a population of children 1–10 years of age from five randomly selected panchayats (village government units) of district Kangra. The screening was based on a modified version of the ten questions screen, adapted to the local population. In the first phase, a door-to-door survey was done to identify suspects of mental retardation. In the second phase, the children found positive in the first phase were called for clinical examination to confirm mental retardation. Anthropometric assessment of all study children was done by measuring weight and height. The nutritional assessment was done by categorizing them according to Waterlow classification for malnutrition. Results: Out of the total 5300 children, 1.7% were diagnosed as mentally retarded. No positive association was reported with different types of malnutrition and mental retardation. A weakly positive association existed between nutritional status and mental retardation (correlation coefficient-0.04). Children who were both wasted and stunted had the highest risk (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval - 5.57, 2.29–10.36) of mental retardation as compared to normal. Conclusion: Malnutrition may be one of the causes but certainly not the only cause of mental retardation. Other causes may be contributing more significantly toward it.
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Sharma, Shailja, Sunil Kumar Raina, Ashok Kumar Bhardwaj, Sanjeev Chaudhary, Vipasha Kashyap, and Vishav Chander. "Socio demography of mental retardation: A community-based study from a goitre zone in rural sub-Himalayan India." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 6, no. 02 (2015): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.153220.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Mental retardation is one of the most common disabilities of childhood which can be prevented by timely identification of the causative agent and an adequate management accordingly. District Kangra lies in the sub-Himalayan belt and forms a part of the 2400 km long goitre belt along the southern slopes of the Himalayas. Objective: To study the prevalence of mental retardation among children (1-10) years of age. Materials and Methods: A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural area of district Kangra. A 30-cluster sampling technique was used to screen a population of children 1-10 years of age from five randomly selected panchayats (village government units) of district Kangra. The screening was based on a modified version of the ten questions screen, adapted to the local population. In the first phase a door to door survey was done to identify suspects of mental retardation. In the second phase, the children found positive in the first phase were called for examination by the pediatrician to confirm mental retardation. Results: A total of 2420 children were screened in the first phase of which 95 tested positive. About 52 of these children were found to be mentally retarded in the second phase giving a prevalence of 2.15%. The 69% of these children belonged to the lower middle class and 28.3% belonged to middle class families using the Uday Parekh scale for assessment of the socio-economic status. Conclusion: Prevalence of mental retardation is high in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh in comparison to other states of India. This could be attributed to the good primary health care in Himachal Pradesh where institutional deliveries are about 70%. This may have led to better survival of children with congenital disorders and those that suffer perinatal trauma.
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Soleimani, Robabeh, Zahra Gol, and Seyede Melika Jalali. "The Association Between Ginseng and Mania: A Case Report and Literature Review." Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences 6, no. 1 (2020): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/cjns.6.20.217.1.
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Background: Ginseng has long been used as a tonic and panacea, a dietary supplement, or a therapeutic agent in different countries. Among many common side effects for this herbal, the affective disorder is one of the rare ones. Case presentation and Intervention: We present a case of mania with psychotic features. The patient was an 18-year-old male who consumed Asian red ginseng for five months to treat his overweight. His physical examination was normal except for mild mental retardation. Mental status examination revealed increased psychomotor activity, anxious mood, unstable affect, irritability, aggression, pressured speech, grandiosity, auditory hallucinations, and persecutory delusions. After the admission, he was ordered to stop ginseng taking and supportive care and treatment with risperidone, lorazepam, and valproate sodium started. After 15 days, all symptoms were treated. Conclusion: Despite the widespread use of herbal and dietary supplements, physicians and health care providers should be concerned about the side effects of these products, such as mania and psychosis.
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Savic-Stankovic, Tatjana, Milica Jovanovic-Medojevic, and Slavoljub Zivkovic. "Dental status of institutionalized persons with special needs who live in Special institution “Srce u jabuci” in Pancevo." Serbian Dental Journal 58, no. 1 (2011): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1101016s.
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Introduction. Dental status of most people with special needs is not satisfactory. Many of them are edentulous or toothless, with acute extensive caries lesions present, high DMFT index and severe periodontal disease. The objective of this study was to examine the dental status of mentally impaired persons who live in the special institution ?Srce u jabuci? in Pancevo. Material and Methods. Clinical examination was performed on 114 institutionalized patients (68 male and 46 female), age 22 to 71 years. Patients were divided in two groups; the first group consisted of 71 persons who had a moderate mental disorder (F71), while the second group included 43 respondents with severe mental retardation (F72). Oral examination revealed: the number of present teeth, caries lesions, the presence of restorations, the number of extracted teeth, the presence of residual roots, fractures and the presence and number of fixed restorations. Results. The mean DMFT of total examined teeth was 20.33?7.63. The greatest percentage found for extracted teeth (63.76%): in the first group 63.23%, and in the second 64.06%. The percentage of teeth that had caries lesions of all examined teeth was 33.48%, while the lowest percentage was for restored teeth (2.76%). In majority of examined people, initial caries, deep caries, or tooth with the exposed pulp (K1 - 51.74% K2 - 40.35%, K3 - 51.75%) were not found. A high percentage of examined people had more than 10 extracted teeth (52.63%). Most of them did not have any restoration in the mouth (81%) and only three persons had fixed denture. Conclusion. Dental status of institutionalized mentally impaired persons showed high prevalence of extracted teeth, significant presence of carious lesions and small percentage of restored teeth with inadequate oral hygiene.
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Survilaite, A. "Forensic Psychiatric Assessment of Individuals with Mental and Behavioral Disorders Due to Use of Alcohol, who Committed Homicide." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2016.
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IntroductionThe rate of pure alcohol consumption per capita in Lithuania is reported to be one of the highest in Europe Union. Many studies illustrate the relationship between alcohol and violent crimes. Though dual diagnosis of severe mental disorder and alcohol dependency is common.AimTo evaluate peculiarities of mental status of individuals with mental disorders due to use of alcohol, who had committed homicide.MethodsForensic psychiatry examination reports in alcohol consumption cases and homicide acts (n 110) were taken from archive of national service of forensic psychiatry in Lithuania, 2010–2014.ResultsIn total, 93% (n 91) men and 100% (n 12) women at the time of homicide act were under the influence of alcohol. A total of, 83% (n 91) of cases reported impulsiveness, emotional lability and personality degradation due to long term of alcohol consumption; 52% (n 57) of cases motives for violence remained unclear: offenders indicated they remember nothing because of alcohol intoxication, also possible malingering was evaluated. In total, 100% women (n 12) and 97% men (n 95) were criminally responsible. Only 2 individuals committed homicide as a result of psychosis due to paranoid schizophrenia and 1 individual had significant intellectual deficiency due to moderate mental retardation, which lead them to inability to appreciate the dangerous nature of their acts and to control their behavior. Compulsory medical treatment was recommended to all three of them.ConclusionImpulse control deficiency and emotional lability are prevalent amongst homicide offenders with mental disorders due to use of alcohol. Only 3 individuals were irresponsible for their criminal acts as a result of severe mental disorders.
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Gajic, Zoran, Jovan Milatovic, Boris Golubovic, Josip Dadasovic, Sladjana Ralevic, and Jagos Golubovic. "Sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics among homicide offenders in Serbia - the province of Vojvodina (1996-2005)." Medical review 69, no. 7-8 (2016): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1608224g.
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Introduction. Recent studies have shown a growing correlation between violence and mental illness, but there is a higher risk of violent crimes only in certain cases of mental disorders. This study presents sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of homicide offenders in Serbia, in the Province of Vojvodina in a 10-year period (1996-2005). Material and Methods. The obtained data are based on performed forensic and psychiatric expert investigations of 154 homicide offenders in preceding period, considering sociodemographic data, personal history and current psychiatric status. Data were analyzed using the statistical John?s Macintosh programe. Results. The male offenders were in the great majority (92%) as well as a low level of education (87%). A positive history of criminal acts was found in 24% of the subjects. Minority of subjects (21%) consumed alcohol on a daily basis. At the time of committing the crimes, 57% of homicide offenders were under the influence of alcohol, and just 2% of other psychoactive substances. Among the offenders who had previously received psychiatric treatment (31.2%), the most frequent diagnosis was alcohol addiction (25%) and anxiety disorders (22.9%). During the psychiatric examination 70.8% of the subjects were diagnosed with mental disorder: personality disorders (41%), alcohol addiction (84%), neurotic disorders (65%), schizophrenic psychosis (5.2%), affective disorders (3.2%), paranoid psychosis (2.6%), organic disorders (19%), psychoactive drug addiction (13%) and mental retardation (0.6%). Emotionally unstable personality disorder was dominant among personality disorders (55.6%). Diminished mental competency was established in 77.9% of subjects at the time of the homicide, being rather sever in most of them. All those diagnosed to have a psychotic disorder were mentally incompetent. Conclusion. Emotionally unstable disorders were the most common among the offenders who underwent forensic evaluation. A relatively low presence of psychotic disorders imposes the need for destigmatization particularly of the patients suffering from major mental illnesses.
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Orsolini, L., A. Valchera, R. Vecchiotti, M. Panichi, and D. De Berardis. "Psychosis and polydrug abuse in a patient with Dandy-Walker variant." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1061.
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Background and purposeDandy Walker “syndrome” (DWS) was firstly defined by Dandy and Blackfan, and then described by Hart et al. [1] as a series of neurodevelopmental anomalies in the posterior fossa, including Dandy-Walker (DW) malformation, DW variant (cerebellar hypoplasia/aplasia of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle), mega-cisterna magna and posterior fossa arachnoid cyst. Mental symptoms have been associated with DWS in previous reports, but the spectrum of mental symptomatology widely varies between clinical cases, ranging from psychotic/schizophrenia-like to mood/cognitive symptoms [2].MethodsHere we describe a case of psychosis and polydrug abuse in a 27-year-old man with DW variant a 4-year history of polydrug abuse, sporadic alcohol abuse, epilepsy and psychotic symptoms including delusions of reference/persecution, suspiciousness, associated with obsessive thoughts, mood lability and persistent anxiety.ResultsHe was recovered for a 28-day program of detoxification from drug addiction/stabilization of psychiatric symptoms. Family history of Bipolar Disorder, gambling disorder (father) and depression (mother). The mental status examination at baseline revealed slowness of thought, psychomotor retardation, aboulia/anhedonia/apathy/hypomimic facies/asthenia/social withdrawal/deflected mood/poor thought content/blunted affect/self-neglect/poor insight, cognitive impairment and oppositive and partially collaborative attitude and behaviour. Borderline intelligence activity was found on WAIS-R (IQ = 79). At the baseline, he was taking carbamazepine 400 mg BID (baseline serum level: 6.720 μg/ml), gabapentin (400 mg BID), paroxetine (20 mg/d), olanzapine (10 mg/d) and methadone (70 ml/d), with a poor response/control both on psychotic and seeking drug symptomatology.References not available.ConclusionsFurther DWS clinical cases should be evaluated in order to better investigate the role of this variant to addictive and psychotic symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Goodey, C. F. "“Foolishness” in Early Modern Medicine and the Concept of Intellectual Disability." Medical History 48, no. 3 (2004): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002572730000764x.
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The texts by Paracelsus, Felix Platter and Thomas Willis under consideration here have two things in common, despite their separate historical and cultural settings. First, they describe people who seem to relate both to their own world and to the external world in problematical ways which the authors variously call stultitia, fatuitas or stupiditas: “foolishness”. My translation is intentionally imprecise and will, I hope, restrain the reader from jumping to the conclusion that it signifies any clinical concept recognizable in modern medicine; it is, rather, an algebraic x whose content needs further investigation. The second common factor is that these are precisely the texts which some commentators do indeed believe to contain “early” diagnoses of a modern concept of intellectual disability (“mental retardation”, “learning disability” etc.). This belief, of axiomatic status, presupposes that some such concept has existed across different historical periods in a more or less mutually recognizable form, and therefore that “foolishness”, in the medical writers discussed here, just is, if primitively, our “intellectual disability”. However “foolishness” needs closer examination, which I attempt to provide here.
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Herrera Ortiz, Andrés Felipe, and Héctor Eduardo Ortiz Sandoval. "Open Lip Schizencephaly: A Case Report." Revista Cuarzo 26, no. 2 (2021): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26752/cuarzo.v26.n2.510.
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Schizencephaly is an extremely rare congenital structural disorder presented in 1.54/100,000 births. In this article, we present one of the few cases of schizencephaly reported in Colombia, in which the linguistic barrier and the lack of resources made the differential diagnosis a challenge. The patient presented to the emergency department with focal impaired-awareness seizures associated with an inability to speak since birth. On physical examination, it was evident the loss of cephalic support, mental retardation, and left- sided hemiparesis for which a non-contrast brain computed tomography was performed showing findings that are in relation to open- lip schizencephaly (right frontoparietal brain cleft lined by gray matter which is connecting the subarachnoid space to the ventricular system, polymicrogyria and absence of septum pellucidum). Neuro-rehabilitation and antiseizure therapy were established with good outcomes. It is important to understand that nowadays does not exist any curative procedure, the mainstay of treatment is based on neuro- rehabilitation which should be initiated as soon as possible because it improves the cognitive and motor status of patients.
Books on the topic "Mental retardation. Mental status examination. Psychodiagnostics"
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1958-, Baker Robert W., ed. The psychiatric mental status examination. Oxford University Press, 1993.
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William, Black F., ed. The mental status examination in neurology. 2nd ed. F.A. Davis, 1985.
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William, Black F., ed. The mental status examination in neurology. 4th ed. F.A. Davis Co., 2000.
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Berger, Joseph. The independent medical examination in psychiatry. Butterworths Canada, 2002.
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C, Yudofsky Stuart, and MacKinnon Roger A. 1927-, eds. Principles of the psychiatric evaluation. Lippincott, 1991.
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C, Yudofsky Stuart, ed. The psychiatric evaluation in clinical practice. Lippincott, 1986.
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Pridmore, Saxby. Psychiatric Interview: A Guide to History Taking and the Mental State Examination. Taylor & Francis, 2000.
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1972-, Christner Ray W., ed. Guide to early psychological evaluation: Children & adolescents. W.W. Norton & Company, 2010.
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