Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mention'

The scientific literature is an important for source of knowledge about biological sys- tems and their constituent components. But the increase in the rate of new publications means that manual curation of the literature has become intractable. This has motivated the development and application of text mining methods to automatically extract the in- formation present in the scientific literature. Extracting information automatically from text is, however, an inherently noisy process and this uncertainty provides the rationale for the development of probabilistic methods for text mining. In this thesis, we concern ourselves with the task of identifying gene mentions in text and normalising these to unique Entrez gene identifiers, referred to as species-driven gene mention normalisation. We propose novel heuristics which improve the performance of species mention normalisation and reduce the number of ambiguous mentions found in the MEDLINE database. This directly impacts the performance down- stream components and we provide a novel probabilistic method for assigning a species to individual gene mentions. In order to avoid uncertainties and noise being propagated in text-mining approaches we develop a Bayesian network description of a text mining pipeline, which allows us to quantify uncertainties reliably and in an easily interpretable manner. Our results show the importance of incorporating as much information as possible into the text mining pipeline and the importance of viewing text mining as a noisy system.

L'objet de l&amp;etude doctorale est contitue par le regime juridique des interest de capitaux en droit prive, a la lumiere, notamment, de deux decisions fondamentales de la cour de cassation des 9 fevrier et 12 avril 1988. Pour ces deux arrets, la haute cour rappelle q'une inperative distinction est a effectuer entre stipulation d'interet, qui peut n'etre qu'expresse, et stipulation de taux d'interet, necessairement ecrite. Par ailleurs, l'analyse de l'anatocisme, ou capitalisation des interets, est reconsideree : cette operation, prevue a l'article 1154 du code civil, designe la production d'interets pour des interets deja echus, et non la reintegration, au capital frugifere, d'interets deja echus, en vue de la secretion d'interets supplementaires. Il en resulte une analyse nouvelle de la garantie hypothecaire de la creance d'interets, et de la prescription extinctive, prevue a l'article 2277 du code civil,applicable a l7action en paiement de la dette d'interets, en cas de stipulation ou decision d'anatocisme<br>The purposes of this doctoral study consists in analysing the regulation of the interests yielded by capital, within civil ; and in the particular light of two fudamental decisions rendered by cassation court on the 9th of february and the 12th of april of 1988. By these two decisions, the highest jurisdiction reminds that a distinction is to be made necessarily between a stipulation of interest, which can be simply express, and a stipulation of interest rate, that must be written down. On another hand, analysis of the capitalisation of interests shall be considered over : this process, as prolided by in article 1154 of the civil code, refers to interest generated by the interests already fallen due, and not to a reintegation of these due interests to the capital in order to yield profit. Accordingly, a new analysis is needed of the mortgage security for the debt of interest, as well as of its extinguishment by prescriotion, prolided by in article 2277 of the civil code, applying to the lawsuit for payment of the debt of interest, in the case of a stipulation or a decision of capitalisation

Master of Science<br>Department of Computing and Information Sciences<br>Doina Caragea<br>With the rising trend in social networking, more people express their opinions on the web. As a consequence, there has been an increase in the number of blogs where people write reviews about the products they buy or services they experience. These reviews can be very helpful to other potential customers who want to know the pros and cons of a product, and also to manufacturers who want to get feedback from customers about their products. Sentiment analysis of online data (such as review blogs) is a rapidly growing field of research in Machine Learning, which can leverage online reviews and quickly extract the sentiment of a whole blog. The accuracy of a sentiment analyzer relies heavily on correctly identifying associations between a sentiment (opinion) word and the targeted mention (token or object) in blog sentences. In this work, we focus on the task of automatically identifying sentiment-mention associations, in other words, we identify the target mention that is associated with a sentiment word in a sentence. Support Vector Machines (SVM), a supervised machine learning algorithm, was used to learn classifiers for this task. Syntactic and semantic features extracted from sentences were used as input to the SVM algorithm. The dataset used in the work has reviews from car and camera domain. The work is divided into two phases. In the first phase, we learned domain specific classifiers for the car and camera domains, respectively. To further improve the predictions of the domain specific classifiers we investigated the use of transfer learning techniques in the second phase. More precisely, the goal was to use knowledge from a source domain to improve predictions for a target domain. We considered two transfer learning approaches: a feature level fusion approach and a classifier level fusion approach. Experimental results show that transfer learning can help to improve the predictions made using the domain specific classifier approach. While both the feature level and classifier level fusion approaches were shown to improve the prediction accuracy, the classifier level fusion approach gave better results.

Qu'est-ce qui decide du choix d'un substantif? pourquoi est-ce, par exemple, le nom chien qui se trouve choisi, alors que l'on aurait tout aussi bien pu prendre caniche ou animal? quoique cette question ne soit pas nouvelle, les reponses donnees restent rares et peu explicites. Notre travail se propose de combler, en partie, cette lacune en etudiant, du point de vue hierarchique, le choix du nom en discours a travers l'etude d'une sous-classe de noms bien definie et certains usages caracteristiques des determinants. Partant de previsions psycholinguistiques developpees ces dernieres annees a partir des travaux de e. Rosch, il soumet, a l'epreuve des faits discursifs, certains postulats psycholinguistiques de la semantique du prototype, l'objectif general etant de degager les facteurs responsables du niveau hierarchique du nom employe en discours. Ce travail apporte ainsi une premiere reponse a une question cruciale qui interesse aussi bien la semantique lexicale que la semantique discursive et la psycholinguistique textuelle<br>WHAT DECIDES OF THE CHOICE OF THE NAME IN DISCOURSE? WHY, FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN THE NOUNS POODLE OR ANIMAL CAN BE USED, THE NOUN DOG IS CHOOSED? THIS QUESTION IS NOT NEW, BUT THE ANSWERS ARE FEW AND NOT VERY EXPLICIT. E. ROSCH ET AL (1976) HAVE SHOWN THAT BASIC NOUNS ARE MOST NECESSARY IN LANGUAGE AND MORE USED THAT THE SUPERORDINATE AND SUBORDINATE WORDS. THE AIM OF THE PRESENT research IS TO EXAMINE THIS PSYCHOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW UE IN THE FIELD OF THE DISCOURSE AND TO ELUCIDATE, PARTLY, THE MECHANISM BY WHICH A NOUN IS CHOOSEN MORE LIKELY THAN A OTHER IN DISCOURSE

Research, media interest, and political involvement around prisons and families have grown significantly in recent years, although there is scant evidence within the growing body of related literature of original work that documents the perceptions and experiences of families affected by a member’s imprisonment. This research attempts to redress this, taking a social constructionist perspective which uses unstructured interviews to gain a critical insight into why family members’, and in particular, children’s voices are often absent in this field. The research focuses predominantly on children’s experiences, expressed through their own words, or through the words of an adult. The findings complement and add value to the emerging literature in this relatively neglected area, suggesting that stigma, shame, guilt and frustration are commonplace for prisoners’ families. The findings also reveal that what is significant, but remains largely hidden in research to date, are the reasons why children often do not know what is happening when a parent is in prison. This thesis presents the results from interviews held with a sample of twenty-four families, including parents, children, prisoners, and practitioners. The interviews took place over a nineteen-month period, and involved, in many instances, a series of interviews with the same respondents. The phenomenon of ‘story telling’ where children are offered fictitious accounts to explain the absence of an imprisoned family member, thereby avoiding the necessity of mentioning ‘prison’ forms an important element of the thesis. Whilst these fictitious accounts were motivated by a desire to protect the children from the social harm and stigma commonly associated with prison, the children themselves often understood more than their parents realised or were prepared to realise. The research exposes parental anxieties and fears, evidenced in their narratives, and played out in their respectable, sometimes implausible, fictitious accounts they concocted for their children. What is uncovered is that, contrary to parental expectations, children can often deal with the imprisonment of a family member when they are presented with the facts, showing resilience, fortitude, and competence. 3 Additionally, the thesis shows how families struggle to navigate and make sense of the criminal justice system, frequently encountering hostility, incompetence, and a lack of empathy and understanding. Events such as the arrest of a family member or visiting a family member in prison can exacerbate the difficulties family members already face. By focusing the research around the experiences of children within these families, the thesis offers an original perspective and a valuable contribution to knowledge. The thesis demonstrates that it is prisoners’ families, and in particular the children in these families who are the real victims of prison.

La binarité sexuée est une vérité qui semblait, jusqu’à aujourd’hui incontestée et incontestable. Si bien que, mises à part les désignations genrées présentes dans le Code civil, ce dernier n’a pas jugé utile de préciser que les sexes qui devaient être inscrits sur les actes de l’état civil, devaient être exclusivement féminin ou masculin. Cependant, en pratique, l’appartenance exclusive à l’un des deux sexes consacrés n’est pas une règle universelle.C’est ainsi que les états d’intersexuation sont venus ternir le tableau, en affirmant que le sexe n’était pas une entité unique mais un bloc de différentes composantes, objectives et subjective, qui ne sont pas nécessairement concordantes entre elles. D’une part, l’intersexuation physique, se caractérisant par une variation du développement génital (V.D.G.) s’analyse comme une non concordance des composantes objectives du sexe, c'est-à-dire, toutes celles qui dépendent d’un déterminisme biologique. D’autre part, l’intersexuation psychique, autrement appelée transsexualisme, ou dysphorie de genre, ne sous-entend qu’une discordance entre les composantes objectives et la composante subjective, le sexe psychosocial. En d’autres termes, la personne est biologiquement d’un sexe déterminé, mais elle se sent appartenir à l’autre sexe.Ces deux états ont vocation à remettre en cause la place du sexe dans les actes de l’état civil à deux niveaux. D’un côté, les personnes dites « intersexes » vont nous faire nous interroger sur la véritable valeur de l’état civil si ce dernier ne prend pas en compte la variation dans ses énonciations. Seulement, cette interrogation semble être contrée par certaines pratiques médicales, qui, sous la contrainte à la fois des parents et de la société binaire, assignent des jeunes intersexes dans les jours qui suivent la naissance, alors même qu’aucune nécessité médicale ne vient justifier cet acte. De l’autre côté, les personnes transsexuelles remettent en cause les fondements de l’état des personnes et notamment le principe de l’immutabilité.De plus, les certitudes sur le sexe en Droit sont bouleversées par le développement des droits fondamentaux issus d’une interprétation toujours plus large de l’article 8 de la C.E.D.H. Ainsi, découle du droit au respect de la vie privée, le droit à l’épanouissement personnel, qui lui-même a rendu possible l’émergence des droits relatifs à l’identité, dont l’identité de genre. Ils se divisent en deux entités avec d’une part, le droit à la construction de l’identité de genre et d’autre, le droit à sa reconnaissance.Toutes ces considérations ont fait muter la mission de l’état civil, qui ne remplit plus uniquement une mission identifiante et de police civile au bénéfice de l’État et de l’intérêt général, mais qui devient le lieu privilégié des revendications identitaires, au bénéfice des individus. Dès lors, le genre devient admis en Droit, d’autant plus que la C.E.D.H. se positionne en faveur du développement de cette seconde mission.Au regard de ces éléments, nous pouvons affirmer qu’une réforme de la mention du sexe à l’état civil est opportune, ne serait-ce que pour éviter les probables condamnations de la Cour européenne. Cette réforme devrait assurer le respect dû à la vie privée des personnes en état d’intersexuation tant en limitant les situations stigmatisantes dont elles pourraient être victimes. Elle pourrait par ailleurs, prendre deux formes selon qu’elle se placerait en faveur d’un abandon ou de la mise en place d’une nouvelle mention. Dans la première hypothèse, une neutralisation du sexe serait envisagée et pourrait prendre deux formes. La première s’analyse en une neutralisation totale, c'est-à-dire, qu’aucune mention du sexe n’apparaitrait sur les actes de l’état civil. La seconde serait partielle dans la mesure où le sexe serait une mention cachée, ou rationnalisée, avec l’aide de nouvelles techniques d’identification, comme la biométrie<br>The sexed binarity is a truth which seemed, until now uncontested and undeniable. So that, put except for designations genrées present in the Civil code, this last considered to be useful to specify only the sexes which were to be registered on the acts of the civil status, were to be exclusively female or male. However, in practice, the exclusive membership of the one of the two devoted sexes is not a universal rule.Thus the states of intersexuation came to tarnish the table, by affirming that the sex was not a single entity but a block of various components, objective and subjective, which are not necessarily concordant between them. On the one hand, the physical intersexuation, being characterized by a variation of the genital development (V. G. D.) is analyzed like nonan agreement of the objective components of the sex, i.e., all those which depend on a biological determinism. In addition, the psychic intersexuation, otherwise called transsexualism, or dysphorie of kind, implies only one discordance between the objective components and the subjective component, the psychosocial sex. In other words, the person is biologically of a determined sex, but it feels to belong to the other sex.These two states have authority to call into question the place of the sex in the acts of the civil status on two levels. On a side, the people known as “intersexes” will make us wonder about the true value of the civil status if this last does not take into account the variation in its statings. This interrogation seems to be countered by certain practices medical, which, under the constraint at the same time of the parents and the binary company, assigns young people intersexes in the days which follow the birth, while at the same time any medical need does not come to justify this act. Other side, the people transsexuals call into question the bases of the state of the people and in particular the principle of immutability.Moreover, the certainty on the sex in Right are upset by the development of the basic rights resulting from an interpretation increasingly broader of article 8 of the C.E.D.H. Thus, rises from the right to the respect of the private life, the right to the personal blooming, which itself made possible the emergence of the rights relating to the identity, of which gender identity. They are divided into two entities with on the one hand, the right to construction of the gender identity and other, the right to its recognition.All these considerations made transfer the mission of the civil status, which does not fulfill only any more one identifying mission and of civil police for the benefit of the State and the general interest, but which becomes the privileged place of the identity claims, for the benefit of individuals. Consequently, the kind becomes allowed in Right, more especially as the C.E.D.H. positions in favour of the development of this second mission.Taking into consideration these element, we can affirm that a reform of the mention of the sex to the civil status is convenient, would be this only to avoid the probable judgments of the European Court. This reform should ensure the respect due to the private life of the people in a state of intersexuation so much by limiting the stigmatizing situations of which they could be victims. It could in addition, to take two forms according to whether it would be placed in favour of an abandonment or installation of a new mention. On the first assumption, a neutralization of the sex would be considered and could take two forms. The first is analyzed in a total neutralization, i.e., that no mention of the sex appears on the acts of the civil status. The second partial insofar as the sex would be a hidden mention, or would be rationalized, with the assistance of novel methods of identification, like biometrics

This thesis sets out to do mainly two things. On the one hand, I wish to provide an overview of scholarship on natural metalanguage. On the other, I want to tackle some of the most interesting problems that emerge from the recent literature on the subject. As far as my first goal is concerned, I discuss the origin of the term and the notion of 'metalanguage' in logic (Ch 1); I review and criticise the various theories of mention or quotation (Ch 2, 4, 5) because these are the main theoretical upshot, in the area of the study of natural languages, of the logicians' discussions of metalanguage. As for the second goal, I discuss the problems linked to the reference of quotational sequences (Ch 4); I devise a typology of metalinguistic utterances (Ch 6), based on a conception of semantics and pragmatics that is set out in Ch 3; I examine where a natural metalanguage "fits" with respect to the rest of the language and review a number of concerns regarding, notably, the infiniteness of the lexicon (Ch 7); I explore some of the issues raised by complex cases of alleged simultaneous use and mention (Ch 8).

The goal I have pursued in writing this dissertation has been to provide the most complete account that I could manage of the various aspects of language that can be labelled metalinguistic, both in the language-system and in discourse. On a rough characterisation, metalanguage is language about language. Since I understand language both as a ‘potential’ (the language-system) and as its actualisation (language as discourse), there are theoretically four situations that can be subsumed under the term ‘metalanguage’: 1. there are lexical items (units in the system) that denote aspects of the system (preposition, noun, conjugation, plural, etc.); 2. there are items that denote elements of discourse (words and phrases like the aforementioned, the latter, etc.). At the same time, there are 3. utterances about the system (e.g. ‘Boston’ is a noun), and 4. utterances about discourse (i.e. about other utterances or parts of utterances, e.g. The old cow said teddible instead of terrible). In both 3 and 4, we have words that reflexively mention linguistic sequences. Following Rey-Debove, I have chosen to call these ‘autonyms’.Note also that discourse about language can be combined with discourse about extralinguistic reality. An utterance about a situation in the world can secondarily say something, for example, about language use; such is the case in The U.S. advocates ‘military action’, as newspapermen call it now, where a comment about a euphemism is appended to a statement about ‘the world’.All in all, this amounts to a fairly large body of data that is varied in kind. My goal has been to bring some order to this variegated set, to highlight in what respects its elements are similar and dissimilar. Thus, I have sought to sort out a number of issues that had not, as far as I could judge, been treated satisfactorily on previous occasions, and to make my descriptions compatible with the theory that was gradually taking shape. In particular, I have underlined the strong connections between the system-level aspects of metalanguage and its discourse manifestations, and I have been led to suggest that the latter ‘leak into’ the system. Besides, I have tried to give a more thorough account of certain properties of metalinguistic discourse, notably the recursiveness of mention or quotation, and its referential diversity. When I felt that I had come to an adequate account of metalinguistic discourse, I have attempted to supply a typology of its various manifestations that would integrate most of the criteria brought up in previous attempts. In the final part of the dissertation, I have brought together what I regard as a series of genuine challenges to the best existing theories of metalinguistic discourse, and have attempted to frame what possible solutions could be.THINGS IN SENTENCES, INFINITE LEXICON? P-ÊÊ UNE CODA APRÈS RECA + CHAPTER 8***The very notion of metalanguage originated in formal logic in the first half of the 20th c. Soon, some of the concepts developed by logicians were taken over by philosophers of language (and subsequently by a few linguists). That was notably the case with the distinction between the use and the mention of a linguistic sequence; use designating the ordinary, transparent, employment of an expression to denote something outside language and mention its being chosen as a topic for discussion. When the subject came under the scrutiny of philosophers of language, the essentially prescriptive approach of the logician (the logician decreed which features his languages and metalanguages should possess), was turned into an attempt at describing actual linguistic mechanisms. It is in this tradition that I situate myself.Philosophers of language have turned out to be particularly interested in quotation (the mention of linguistic expressions), but I have thought it useful to introduce a term that covered not just quotation, but also mention-without-quote-marks, as well as hybrid cases like example 5. This term is reflexive metalinguistic demonstration, but for convenience’ sake I shall make do with metalinguistic demonstration.In Chapter 2, I have examined in detail the main theories of metalinguistic demonstration put forward in the course of the 20th c. namely the Name, Description, Demonstrative and Identity theories. In the process, I have been able to gradually identify the various properties of metalinguistic demonstrations that should be regarded as essential. And I have also formed a clearer idea of the body of data that a theory should be able to account for. In the end, I have been able to outline what I believe is a sound theory of metalinguistic demonstrations. This theory is chiefly informed by the proposals of François Recanati (2000, 2001), supplemented with insights of Paul Saka (1998), both of whom are indebted to the Demonstrative and Identity accounts.My reasons for using Recanati (2001) as the backbone of my own theory are the following. Recanati has successfully drawn the line between two types of meaning conveyed by metalinguistic demonstrations, namely ‘pictorial’ and ‘conventional linguistic’ meaning, something that had not been done with that clarity before. Besides, he has had the wisdom to give up the standard assumption that all metalinguistic demonstrations are referential, an assumption that inevitably led to theoretical dead ends. Moreover, drawing on the first two insights, Recanati has also separated out the syntactic and pragmatic aspects that were often confused in previous approaches.There is no doubt that the theory put forward by Recanati in 2001 is the most empirically adequate that can be found in the literature. Besides, it also accounts for an impressive range of key properties. Still, there are two interesting properties that received very little attention from Recanati, that is, referential diversity and recursiveness. Though Paul Saka has argued in favour of both in a 1998 paper, I believe his defence to have been somewhat clumsy. And therefore I have tried to offer more convincing evidence in favour of these properties.Let’s start with ReferenceAs Recanati has shown, not all metalinguistic demonstrations are referential expressions. But there is one aspect of reference that he says very little about: the sort or sorts of referents that a referential autonym can have. The theory implicitly suggests that autonyms can only refer to types. (Many writers have claimed more robustly and more explicitlythat there was only one sort of referents for autonyms, always either types or classes of tokens).I hold this view to be incorrect. As I’ve indicated in Chapter 4 of the thesis, I believe that several sorts of referents must be distinguished. Let us have a few examples:Run is a verbRun has three lettersShe said, “I ain’t EVER gonna tell ya”The first refers to a lexeme, since the predicate applies to runs, ran, running, as well.The second, only to a form (since not true of running or runs).Both could still be said to be abstract objects, and one might wish to call these ‘types’.The third, however, well and truly seems to refer to a token, the particular utterance produced by the woman behind she, witness the mimicry involved in the direct speech report.In my discussion of the next property, I offer a further argument in favour of referential diversity.2. Metalinguistic demonstrations can be iterated (repeated), a property usually described as recursiveness, and which has given rise to some controversies. Some demonstrativists, notably Cappelen & Lepore, because they hold the interior of a quotation to be semantically inert, have rejected the idea of recursiveness. I think, however, that their rejection comes from their failure to discern several types of recursiveness. In my dissertation, I have distinguished three; I shall only sketch two here.“ ‘Boston’ ” is an autonym.Typographical recursiveness: hardly very interesting, since it is a mechanical operation that can be repeated at will.The next pair of examples throws a more interesting light on the matter:‘Boston’ is a six-letter word.In each utterance of the previous example, “ ‘Boston’ ” is used to refer to an orthographic formBoston enclosed in two pairs of quote marks refers to particular tokens of Boston in a single pair of quote marks, as are produced when uttering a token of the first sentence, ‘Boston’ is a six-letter word. In each utterance of that sentence, the subject, ‘Boston’, itself refers, this time to the name Boston. This means that we have a situation in which an autonym refers to another autonym which also refers: reference here is iterated.This is actually no problem for the assumption of the inertness of the interior of the quotation, because reference is directed outwards: the interior of the quotation itself (the token displayed) remains inert. Note that referential recursiveness is only possible when one has a meta-quotation that refers to a token that is itself a referential autonym. This confirms the need for the theory to accommodate reference to particular tokens.I have made further use of the theory of metalinguistic demonstrations in Chapter 6 of the thesis, which is devoted to sketching a typology of metalinguistic demonstrations. In this connection, I have tried to bring together different types of discriminating factors that had been used in previous classifications (syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, typographical, lexical). These did not seem to be compatible from the outset, but then I realised that they might perhaps all be integrated into a single typology if I adopted an interpreter’s perspective. I reflected that that perspective provided a criterion for determining which characteristics of metalinguistic demonstrations would count as relevant variables for a typology: only those that made a ‘difference for the interpreter’ (i.e. affected his/her interpretative processes) would be retained.I also took advanatge of the general theory for the interpretation of utterances that has been set out in some recent publications, notably by Bach and Recanati (and which I outline in Chapter 3 of the thesis), and eventually reached what I regard as a decent result. Moreover, I also made a couple of interesting discoveries. The first one is that quite a bit of the interpretation of an utterance takes place at a ‘pre-interpretative’ level, that is, befor a sentence has been clearly identified (disambiguated). In particular, there are significant pictorial aspects of metalinguistic demonstrations that enter into the disambiguation process rather than into interpretation proper. The second one is that there is an impressive number of aspects of meaning that are linked to the speaker’s intentions, and should theoretically require access to the wide context of an utterance to be processed, that can be accessed at very low (semantic) levels of interpretation.In the final part of this presentation, I wish to examine a couple of instances of hybridity that face the theory with a more serious challenge than example 5 on the first slide. That example was easily explained in terms of simultaneous use and mention (the standard account in the literature): the same sequence, military action, was used ordinarily and, secondarily, demonstrated as being a particular form of euphemism. Other hybrids, on the other hand, do not lend themselves to such an analysis in a straightforward way. The first example I wish to bring up raises an interesting problem in connection with the notion of grammaticality:Robbe-Grillet describes himself in his introduction as “volontiers professeur de moi-même”.This can be rewritten as a pair of sentences, one for use the other for mention. We get:Use :Robbe-Grillet describes himself in his introduction as volontiers professeur de moi-même.Mention :Robbe-Grillet uses the expression “volontiers professeur de moi-même”.Although the mention line raises no special issues, there are great doubts as to the grammaticality of the ordinary-use line: a language-shift occurs in the middle of the sentence, and is not signalled by any marker, unlike in the initial hybrid. Though Recanati’s framework allows for language-shifts, and could therefore be relied on to argue that the correct interpretation can be ascribed to the French words in the example, it does not state rules determining at which spot in an utterance such a shift is acceptable grammatically. In other words, it says nothing about the possibility of a grammar that would straddle English and French. Fortunately, the idea of such grammars is supported by the limited research that has been carried out about code-switching. So, there may be theoretical backing for the assumption that the use line may after all be grammatical (with respect to a hybrid grammar).Note that these remarks are valid, I believe, not just for the use line of the twofold paraphrase, but for the initial hybrid too. Indeed, it is not clear — though some would be ready to say so — that the presence of quote marks is enough to alter the grammaticality of an utterance.Note also that an example like the previous one is a reminder of an essential fact about the work of language scholars: they start out to describe and/or explain some empirical data they find significant. But as things get more complicated, they must continually make decisions as to what must be acknowledged as relevant data for their research. Every step of the way, there may be a temptation to dismiss data — in the present case, on grounds of ungrammaticality — because these data threaten the validity of the theory being devised. Here, thanks to an analogy with grammatical accounts of code-switching, a case can be made for the grammaticality of utterances like the one under consideration. It is these kinds of extensions that broaden the linguist’s horizons and make research worthwhile.The second example I wish to examine raises interesting issues concerning iconicity. Though I have said nothing about it so far, iconicity is perhaps the single most important notion in any discussion of metalinguistic demonstration. In a nutshell, the basic assumption about ‘how such a demonstration makes sense’ is that the tokens displayed in a mentioning utterance are iconically related to the target of the demonstration. Iconicity can initially be understood as a matter of formal resemblance (cf the first batch of examples on Slide 1). The following example shows that the notion must be made more flexble than that:Descartes said that man “is a thinking substance”.Use: Descartes said that man is a thinking substance.Mention: Descartes said “is a thinking substance”.It can be seen that the mention line of the paraphrase is truth-conditionally incorrect: Descartes did not produce a token of is a thinking substance, since he was writing in Latin, not English. What Descartes said was est res cogitans. This might be taken to imply that the relation between the English tokens displayed and the Latin target is not a matter of iconicity. I would, with several other writers, suggest another direction: There is iconicity in this example, but the concept must be understood to be flexible and adaptable to contextual constraints. I believe such a conception to be necessary if one wants to be able to account for metalinguistic demonstrations within a single explanatory framework. There are too many instances of quotations that are not supported by formal identity to maintain a rigid notion of iconicity. I have added a last example on the slideConclusionAlthough I originally aspired to a comprehensive survey of things metalinguistic, I cannot but concede that there are still multiple aspects of the reflexive use of language that need looking into. I believe, however, that I have been able to shed some light on some areas of the debate. For instance, I believe that my discussion of the recursiveness and referential diversity of autonyms goes one step further than previous discussions. In particular, I hope to have been able to show convincingly that, contrary to a widespread opinion, an autonym can refer to various object, notably individual tokens. When these results are added to an excellent theory like Recanati’s, one ends up with a powerful explanatory apparatus. Moreover, this apparatus has the added advantage that it can easily be integrated into the general theory for the interpretation of utterances which I have alluded to before.I have taken advantage of this compatibility to outline my interpreter’s typology of metalinguistic demonstrations. Whether that effort was entirely successful or not, I think it has incidentally provided an excellent testing ground for the general theory. If only in that respect, the attempt was worth a try, since it shed light on the importance of pre-interpretative processes and on the conventional encoding of aspects of meaning that are otherwise heavily dependent on speaker’s intentions.Finally, I believe that the work doen in Chapter 8 has brought to the fore a number of question that deserve to be investigated at greater length in future. There are still dark areas in the study of world/language hybrids, but there also more general questions, e.g. regarding grammaticality and iconicity that need looking into.<br>Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Par opposition aux définitions actuelles des chaînes de référence, entendues comme "suite d'expressions coréférentielles d'un texte", la notion de chaîne sera definie sur la base de critères numérique (un minimun de trois maillons) et lexical. En effet, la substance des chaînes est typiquement à forte composante pronominale, le pronom étant considéré comme la forme non marquée de la reprise. Par contraste, les sn pleins symptomatisent un "incident de parcours référentiel". Dans ce cadre il faut distinguer le phénomène de la "repetition", i. E. Le cas ou le référent est redénomme par l'expression qui l'a introduit dans le texte. En effet, la redenomination présente un point d'ancrage stable, facilitant cognitivement le processus d'appariement, et nécessaire (le référent a pu être désactivé, faute d'avoir été re-instancie durant un intervalle donne, ou à cause d'un réfèrent concurrent, ou des risques d'ambiguité). De fait, la redénomination se présente comme une "borne" tout indiquée pour les chaînes : elle instruit l'interprétant qu'il peut faire abstraction des prédications antérieures concernant le référent et qu'il va devoir pouvoir le re-saisir dans un contexte situationnel nouveau. Bref, elle signale qu'une nouvelle chaîne va re-démarrer. L'analyse de la distribution du non propre (exemple type des expressions littéralement répétables) dans des situations multi-et monoreferentielles, et aux niveaux "macro-structurel", intra et interphrastique va confirmer cette hypothèse. Ainsi délimitees par la redénomination, les chaînes apparaissent comme un nouveau type d'unité textuelle, homogène et apte à "configurer" le texte<br>As opposed to the current difinitions of referntial chains meant as "series of the coreferntial terms of a text", the concept of chain will be defined on the basis of numerial (with a minimum of three links) and lexical criteria. In fact, typically, referential chains are mainly composed of pronouns, the pronoun being considered as the unmarked anaphoric form. By way of contrasts the full nps indicate a "referential incident". This being so we must distinguish the phenomenon of "repetition" or more exactly the case when the refernt is redenominated by the term wich it was introduced in the text. In fact, redenomination presents a stable referential tie-point (it makes the cognitive process easier) and an indispensable one (the referent might have been "disactivated" because it has not been reinstantiated within a given interval or because it has been supplanted by a competitor or because ambiguity might be possible). As a matter of fact redenomination looks like the most suitable "landmark" for referential chains : it would tell the reader that the could leave ther former statements made about the referent out of account and that he would have to could re-acquire it in the context of a new situation. Redenomination marks the re-starting of a new referential chain. The analysis of the sequencing of the proper name in multi-as well in monoreferential saliency situations - and in the latter case on the macro-structural, same and across sentence levels confirms this

Il y aujourd'hui a un intérêt croissant pour la relation entre les matériaux textiles et les êtres humains, et le confort est devenu beaucoup plus important pour les consommateurs au cours des dernières années.Pour cette raison notre travail est basé sur l’optimisation de la caractérisation du confort (confort au porter) pour des étoffes utilisées principalement pour fabriquer des chemises d’homme.A cet effet, plusieurs méthodes ont été utilisées :- Analyse instrumentale : nous avons utilisé des méthodes instrumentales habituelles afin de mesurer les propriétés : - mécaniques en (cisaillement, flexion, compression, frottement et état de surface) ainsi - thermique (sensation chaud-froid)Physique (perméabilité à l'air, absorption capillaire...etc.).- Analyse sensorielle: nous avons utilisé à cet effet, le panel sensoriel développé au sein du LPMT depuis 2001. Elle a permis de réaliser l'évaluation quantitative descriptive des produits sélectionnés et fournis par notre partenaire industriel. - Analyse hédonique: Evaluation du confort ressenti de la chemise confectionnée grâce à une enquête « consommateurs ».- Etude marketing Evaluation de l’influence de la notion de « marque » ou une mention « traitement innovant » sur l’évaluation du confort des étoffes utilisée en comparaison avec l’évaluation du confort par le toucher et le touche-vue. - Etude patronage : Optimisation du processus de « développement produit » en prenant en compte la satisfaction attendue du consommateur en particulier en termes de confort. Elle consiste en l’étude des relations entre les paramètres physique du patron et les caractéristiques mécaniques des tissus utilisés obtenues dans la première partie de cette recherche.Cette combinaison d’analyse nous a permet de proposer une nouvelle procédure de conception de produit confectionné prenant en compte le confort et les attentes du consommateur et en particulier dans le cas du développement de « chemise d’homme »<br>Nowadays there is a growing interest in the relation between the textile materials and human being, and the comfort has become much more important to consumers. For this reason our work is based on optimization of the characterization of the comfort (wearing comfort) in relation with the fabrics used to produce men’s shirts. To achieve this study, several methods of analysis have been used:- Instrumental analysis: To measure mechanical properties, classical characterization tools have been used to measure:Mechanical properties (shear, bending, compression, friction and surface) Thermal comfort (warm-cool sensation)Physical properties (air permeability, capillary absorption ... etc. . .). - Sensory analysis: Thanks to the trained panel that has been developed and used since 2001 at LPMT, the quantitative descriptive evaluation of the selected product using has been carried out.- Hedonic Analysis: Evaluation of comfort by consumer surveys.- Marketing study: To investigate the influence of the brand or some innovative mention like “anti-sweat ring” on the comfort evaluation of fabrics, in comparison with the evaluation realized by touching or by touching-seeing.- Blocks analysis: it aims to optimize the processes of product development, taking in consideration the requested consumer’s satisfactions especially in term of comfort. It consists of studying the relation between the block parameters and the mechanical properties of the fabric used to produce the product.This combination of analysis allows us to have a new conception procedure for the development of clothing product taking in account the comfort and the consumer’s expectation particularly in the men shirt development

This paper analyses the construction of environmental governance in Peru. Framed in a systems approach and focused on water and conflicts associated to the expansion of extractive industries in the Andes, the paper suggests that this process is being defined by confrontation between the discourses (Peru, a minning country and the neoextractivism) on the relationships between society, economy and nature and the power relationships that underlies the social construction of environmental institutions.<br>Este artículo presenta un análisis del proceso de construcción del sistema de gobernanza ambiental en el Perú. Usando un marco conceptual sistémico y centrado en el tema del agua y de los conflictos en torno al acceso y control de recursos hídricos asociados a la expansión de industrias extractivas en los Andes, el artículo sugiere que dicho proceso está siendo definido por la confrontación de los discursos ‘Perú país minero’ y ‘el neoextractivismo’ en torno a la relación entre sociedad, economía y naturaleza; y, por las relaciones de poder que se encuentran inmersas en la definición de instituciones ambientales.

Le football moderne est caractérisé par des efforts intermittents de très haute intensité. Pendant un match, les joueurs réalisent des performances, qu'elles soient physiques ou techniques, en lien direct avec la spécificité de leur poste de jeu, leur rôle tactique et leur positionnement sur le terrain. Un match de football de haut niveau induit des variations de fréquence cardiaque, une baisse de réserves énergétiques, une augmentation des dommages musculaires, du stress oxydatif et une affectation du statut immunitaire. Incidences physiologiques auxquelles se rajoutent des modifications de perception de la fatigue, des douleurs musculaires, du bien-être, de la qualité du sommeil, du stress psychologique et de l'humeur. Toutes ces incidences se mesurent, se quantifient et s'analysent en lien direct avec des facteurs contextuels comme le lieu du match, le moment de la journée, le système de jeu, …, et les périodes d'enchainement de match (e.g. deux à trois matchs par semaine) qui peuvent avoir une influence significative. La présente thèse a pour objectif principal l'étude de l'influence de l'enchainement de matchs sur les performances physiques et sur les cinétiques de récupération mesurées sur des marqueurs sanguins, salivaires et des questionnaires de perception, sur des joueurs de football de haut-niveau<br>Modern football is characterized by very high-intensity intermittent efforts. During a match, players perform technical and physical tasks in relation to their specific positions on the field. A high-level football match induces heart-rate variations, energetic storage lowering, muscular damage and oxidative stress increase and immune status alteration. These physiological variations are accompanied by modifications of fatigue perceived, muscle soreness, wellness, sleep quality, psychological stress and overall mood. All these incidences can be measured, quantified and analyzed, in direct relation to contextual factors like game location, time of the day, playing system, …, and congested period of matches (e.g. two to three matches per week). The present thesis aims to report all the ways to monitor match load and fatigue and aims to analyze the influence of playing matches during congested periods on physical activity and on physiological post-match kinetics, over high-level football players

L’étude est centrée sur l’obligation pour l’employeur d’informer le salarié. La première partie met en évidence les diverses raisons d’être de ces informations obligatoires. Certaines sont liées à l’activité interne de la pensée. Elles visent soit à instaurer une discussion préalable à une prise de décision de l’employeur soit à donner au salarié la possibilité de faire preuve de discernement dans ses choix. D’autres informations sont, en revanche, liées à l’activité externe sur le monde. Certaines lui donnent au travailleur la possibilité de contrôler l’action de l’employeur tandis que d’autres lui confèrent une autonomie d’action. Cette diversité de fonctions se conjugue avec une relative unité dans les règles applicable à ces différentes obligations d’informer. L’employeur devant effectuer un acte de langage pour exécuter son obligation d’informer, il est ainsi toujours soumis aux mêmes exigences de précision, d’exactitude et de sincérité quelque soit la finalité de l’information. De même, il est parfois contraint de respecter certaines règles de forme. La diversité des sanctions de l’inexécution découle également de la nature particulière de l’information. Le salarié peut demander réparation pour le préjudice subi du fait d’un défaut d’information. Mais il peut aussi invoquer l’inopposabilité des éléments non communiquées. Enfin, il peut demander à ce que ses attentes légitimes soient protégées soit via l’interdiction de se contredire au détriment d’autrui, soit via l’effet obligatoire de l’information<br>The study focuses on obligations of the employer to inform each one of its employee. The first part outlines the various roots of the obligations to inform. Some pieces of information are related to the internal activity of thought. The aim is to create a discussion prior to the employer’s decision either to give the employee the opportunity to exercise discretion. Additional information is, however, related to the activity on the external world. Some give the worker the ability to exercise a control on the employer’s action, whereas some others give an autonomy to the action. However the diversity in the functions of the oblitgaiton to inform, the rules are on the whole the same. In order to perform its obligation must express itself. This expression is always subjected to the same precision, accuracy and fairness regardless its purpose. Similarly, the employer may be forced to follow certain rules of form. The sanctions are different. Indeed, the employee may claim compensation for damages due to lack of information. But he can also invoke the unenforceability of undisclosure. Finally, he may request that his legitimate expectations are protected either through estoppel or via the binding effect of the information

This thesis examines how the British Labour Party, the French Socialist Party (PS) and the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) have ‘Europeanised' their organisations in three different arenas: (1) in the electorate and party system; (2) in central government and parliament; and (3) in their internal procedures and activities. ‘Europeanisation' is defined as ‘a shorthand term for a complex process whereby national actors (in this case, parties) adapt to, and also seek to shape, the trajectory of European integration in general, and EU policies and processes in particular' (Bomberg: 2002, 32). The underlying argument is that social democratic parties have to respond to challenges created by the European Single Market, which demands the reduction of state subsidies, and by the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), which sets limits to public spending. Social democratic parties are expected to react to these challenges by Europeanising their organisations. This thesis draws on the academic literature, party documents and contemporary newspaper articles, together with insights gained from 70 semi-structured interviews with EU experts at the European and national levels. The central claim is that Labour, the PS and SPD have not become as Europeanised as might have been supposed for three ostensibly pro-European parties. Whilst successive party leaderships have paid lip service to the increasing importance of European integration, their party organisations have barely been involved in the formulation of European policy. The findings have serious implications for the three parties and domestic politics in Britain, France and Germany, since the memberships lack the enthusiasm and expertise to lead well-informed, critical, Europeanised debates and election campaigns.

The thesis examines the direct reference theory of proper names and natural kind terms as expounded by Saul Kripke, Hilary Putnam and others and finds that it has not succeeded in replacing some kind of description theory of the reference of such terms - although it does concede that the traditional Fregean theory is not quite correct. It is argued that the direct reference theory is mistaken on several counts. First of all it is question-begging. Secondly, it is guilty of a 'use/mention' confusion. And thirdly, and most importantly, it fails to deal with the notion of understanding. The notion of understanding is crucial to the present thesis - specifically, what is understood by a proper name or natural kind term. It is concluded that sense (expressed in the form of descriptions) is at least necessary for reference, which makes a significant difference to Kripke's claim that there are necessary a posteriori truths as well as contingent a priori truths. It is also argued that sense could be sufficient for reference, if it is accepted that it is speakers who effect reference. In this sense, sense determines reference. The thesis therefore not only argues against the account of reference given by the direct reference theorists, it also gives an account of how proper names and natural kind terms actually do function in natural language. As far as the epistemology of necessity is concerned the thesis concludes that Kripke (along with many others) has not succeeded in establishing the existence of the necessary a posteriori nor the contingent a priori from the theory of direct reference. Whether such truths can be established by some other means, or in principle, is not the concern of the thesis; although the point is made that, if a certain view of sense is accepted, then questions of necessity and a priority seem inappropriate.

Vierzig Jahre, von 1578 bis 1618, versah Frantz Schmidt das Amt des Scharfrichters in der Reichsstadt Nürnberg und vollstreckte in dieser Zeit 394 Todesurteile. Was ihn zum wohl berühmtesten deutschen Scharfrichter der Frühen Neuzeit machte, war sein Journal, in dem er akribisch seine Taten verzeichnete. Mehrfach ist dieses „Tagebuch“ bereits ediert und nachgedruckt worden – eine interessante, aber doch eher spröde Quelle. Joel Harrington beweist nun, wie viele Informationen und Interpretationen man dieser Quelle trotzdem abringen kann. Das hat seinen Grund nicht zuletzt in der erweiterten Materialgrundlage.

Maintaining health and quality of life into old age is a critical issue facing society today. Language, and in particular language comprehension, is vulnerable to the processes of ageing (Au, Albert, & Obler, 1989; Kynette & Kemper, 1986; Nicholas, Obler, Albert, & Goodglass, 1985; Shewan & Henderson, 1988). An improved understanding of language processing and ageing will assist in distinguishing language difficulties in normal ageing from those in pathological ageing and aphasia (Maxim & Bryan, 1994) and, potentially, optimises communication throughout life. The current thesis focuses on a specific component of language comprehension - anaphora resolution . Anaphora resolution occurs frequently in everyday discourse and has been reported to decline with ageing (Cohen, 1979; Light & Capps, 1986; Ulatowska, Hayashi, Cannito, & Fleming, 1986). This thesis explored anaphora resolution relative to two key variables: ageing and working memory. Ageing was chosen as a variable as anaphora resolution has been shown to be affected by age (Cohen, 1979; Light & Capps, 1986; Ulatowska et al., 1986). Working memory was chosen as working memory is thought to underlie key aspects of discourse comprehension such as building a mental structure of discourse and updating the information (Brébion, 2003; Hasher & Zacks, 1988; Radvansky, Copeland, & Hippel, 2010; Radvansky, Lynchard, & von Hippel, 2009). Anaphora resolution was investigated using two key paradigms. The first focussed on anaphora resolution in a reading comprehension task. Performance was assessed using accuracy of response. The second employed Gernsbacher's (1989) probe-response paradigm. The probe- response paradigm allowed examination of specific working memory processes underlying discourse comprehension, namely; a) storing and maintaining information in working memory (i.e., laying the foundation of the discourse structure); and b) updating information stored in working memory through suppressing the irrelevant discourse information. Storage and maintenance of the information was assessed by examining whether participants utilised “advantage of first mention” (Gernsbacher, 1990). Suppression was evaluated by investigating whether the accessibility of nonreferent names decreased in participants' working memory after they read anaphoric pronouns in sentences. This approach aimed to answer the following questions: 1) Do age and working memory capacity affect anaphora resolution in a comprehension task?; 2) Do age and working memory affect advantage of first mention in a probe recognition task?; and 3) Does age affect suppression of irrelevant information in an anaphora resolution task? In Chapter 3, Gernsbacher's (1989) original study was replicated. In Chapter 4 the same questions were examined, with the addition of a higher working memory load. For both studies, 30 younger and 30 older participants completed two comprehension experiments followed by an assessment of working memory capacity (reading span task). The comprehension experiments each contained a reading comprehension task and a probe recognition task. The reading comprehension task introduced two discourse characters (either a male or female name), one of which was referred to later in the text, using an anaphoric pronoun. Comprehension questions always asked about the referents of the anaphoric pronouns. Participants' accuracy in answering each comprehension question was indicative of their ability to resolve anaphora. Response times in the recognition task provided measures of the accessibility of: a) first and second mentioned names, and b) referent and nonreferent names. Chapters 3 and 4 found that, regardless of the tasks' working memory storage demands, older adults were less accurate than younger adults in the comprehension of anaphoric pronouns. Comprehension accuracy was related to working memory capacity, such that individuals with higher working memory capacity exhibited higher accuracy of response in the comprehension task. In addition, working memory capacity affected the accessibility of first and second mentioned names in the discourse suggesting that working memory capacity might influence the process of laying the foundation for the mental representation of comprehension. An ageing effect was observed on the suppression process during anaphora resolution under high working memory load only. When working memory load was low, neither younger nor older participants suppressed the accessibility of the nonreferents by the time they finished reading the sentences. This suggested that anaphora resolution might be postponed in less demanding tasks. However, under higher working memory load, younger adults, but not older adults, suppressed the accessibility of the nonreferents by the time they finished reading the sentence. It was therefore suggested that age-related changes in anaphora resolution abilities might be mediated by a decline in inhibitory functions that are responsible for suppressing the already-activated information that are no longer relevant to the task goals. The final study of the thesis (Chapter 5) aimed to determine why younger adults delayed the process of anaphora resolution in Experiment 1 (See Chapter 3), but completed the process by the time they finished reading the sentences in Experiment 2 (See Chapter 4). Specific questions addressed were: 1) Was comprehension accuracy affected by working memory storage load and the syntactic structure of the sentences?; 2) Do younger adults suppress the accessibility of the nonreferents by the time they reach the end of the sentence, in simpler sentences with increased storage load and late disambiguation?; and, 3) Do younger adults suppress the accessibility of nonreferents by the time they reach the end of the sentence, in more syntactically complex sentences with low storage load and prior disambiguation?. Forty younger participants completed four separate comprehension experimental tasks followed by a reading span test. A similar experimental approach was employed to that described in Chapters 3 and 4; however working memory storage load, syntactic complexity, and time-course for providing contextual information were manipulated. Results of Chapter 5 found that participants' accuracy declined in more syntactically complex sentences. A decline in accuracy appeared indicative of the tasks' higher processing demands and demonstrated that prior disambiguation was not facilitating the resolution of anaphora. Results from the recognition task showed that in sentences of increased syntactic complexity, participants suppressed the accessibility of nonreferents by the time they finished reading the sentence. It was suggested that higher processing demands of syntactically complex sentences, rather than a facilitating effect of earlier disambiguation in these sentences, contributed to the earlier suppression of nonreferents. In summary, this thesis demonstrated that older adults were less accurate than younger adults in comprehending anaphoric pronouns. Moreover, working memory capacity positively influenced comprehension accuracy and affected the advantage of first mention of discourse entities. It was suggested that individual differences in working memory capacity might affect the ability to lay foundations for discourse comprehension. Furthermore, older adults showed no suppression of nonreferents during processing of anaphora, regardless of working memory storage load. It appears possible that older adults' difficulty in anaphora resolution might be due to an inability to suppress irrelevant discourse information. Findings from the present study suggest that ageing may negatively affect the comprehension of linguistic structures for which more than one meaning could be inferred. While further exploration of this finding is required, it is possible that communication strategies could be devised to minimise the use of structures with more than one meaning - with the aim of improving and maintaining communication in older adults. Ultimately, determining the underlying causes of language impairments in both healthy ageing and neurological disease will help to improve speech-language therapy methods for these populations.

Un paradoxe a suscité la recherche entreprise :en dépit de leur aspect intrinsèquement normatif, les notions rendues en langue française par le substantif ‘mensonge’ et le verbe ‘mentir’ apparaissent très rarement dans les textes de droit positif des systèmes juridiques d’inspiration romano-germanique et, dans leur dimension élémentaire de ‘propos sciemment inexact formulé dans l’intention d’induire en erreur’, ne correspondent à aucun terme technique du lexique juridique. Elles participent certes de certaines figures juridiques complexes – telles que celles de ‘faux’ ou de ‘dol’ – mais, au titre d’éléments, demeurent en-deçà du seuil d’incrimination propre auxdites notions complexes :ainsi leur faut-il entrer en composition avec d’autres éléments pour entraîner la condamnation juridique que leur condamnation morale uniforme paraissait appeler a priori. Réduites à leur dimension élémentaire, elles révèlent ainsi une contradiction entre un principe moral de prohibition et un principe juridique de tolérance. Une tentative d’élucidation de cette contradiction emprunte la voie de l’examen des sources romaines des normes qui en dérivent historiquement. Tant les sources juridiques proprement dites que les sources littéraires latines antiques en général :il s’est imposé d’interroger les secondes en raison du faible nombre d’occurrences du verbe 'mentiri' et du substantif 'mendacium' dans les premières.<p><p>Une première partie de l’essai s’attache à identifier la terminologie latine du mensonge. La tradition nous a légué les définitions et acceptions rigoureuses retenues par saint Augustin, sans égard à une subtile distinction qu’Aulu-Gelle avait puisée chez Nigidius Figulus :'mentiri' et 'mendacium' empruntent leurs étymologies distinctes respectivement à la pensée (racine *men-) et à l’erreur ('mendum' ou 'menda'), mais l’absence de parenté étymologique n’a guère affecté une étroite alliance sémantique dans l’usage, et ce aussi loin que remontent nos sources, en l’espèce l’œuvre du dramaturge Plaute, œuvre où abondent ces deux mots qu’aucun écrit antérieur n’atteste.<p><p>La deuxième partie de l’essai confronte l’alliance sémantique des deux mots à leur absence dans les textes conservés du droit archaïque, en vue de tenter d’expliquer leur rareté dans les textes ultérieurs. Une œuvre fait l’objet d’un examen approfondi, en raison de la remarquable représentativité de la mentalité d’âge républicain qui doit lui être reconnue :la comédie du Pseudolus de Plaute. La valeur de témoignage de ce texte ne peut cependant être mise en avant qu’en écartant deux préventions :1) l’inattendue irrigation du texte comique par la doctrine épicurienne – la canonique (ou discipline du raisonnement) bien plus que l’éthique – n’y réduit pas la thématique du mensonge à une parodie de la notion du clinamen, notion alors anachronique si l’on s’en tient aux seuls textes attribués à Epicure ;2) il convient de ne prêter au dramaturge aucune intention subversive comparable à celle qui avait peu auparavant valu la censure au poète Naevius. L’analyse du texte, dans sa perspective historique éclairée par les récits de Polybe et de Tite-Live, conduit à relier l’hommage de Plaute aux facultés intellectuelles de discernement qu’il prête aux Romains – alors à l’apogée de leur condition juridique de 'ciuis/miles' ou citoyen/légionnaire – à la promotion politique des vertus du raisonnement et de la circonspection, promotion symbolisée par la dédicace d’un temple à Mens au cours de la deuxième guerre punique. Le droit civil – au sens de droit objectif propre à la cité – apparaît alors, dans la rigueur de son formalisme originel, comme le corollaire, dans les rapports juridiques entre citoyens, de la discipline imposée au légionnaire dans sa confrontation à l’ennemi extérieur ('hostis/inimicus') :un impératif civique d’exercice constant de la vigilance et de la 'prudentia'. Aussi n’est-ce pas la faute morale du menteur qui doit être juridiquement sanctionnée, mais bien la coupable imprudence de l’interlocuteur qui verse dans l’erreur et succombe à l’'animus fallendi' du menteur. Encore l’étymologie retrouve-t-elle ses droits lorsque s’opère une distinction entre, d’une part, la neutralité du substantif 'mendacium' – son aspect ‘métallique’ d’arme susceptible d’être maniée en bien ou en mal selon la qualité civique de l’utilisateur – et, d’autre part, la stigmatisation du verbe déponent de sens médio-passif 'mentiri'. Ce verbe, immédiatement dérivé de la racine *men-, aurait pu ne viser que le fait de ‘penser’ s’il n’avait, comme l’analysera Varron, été réservé par l’usage qu’à une pensée strictement égoïste, excluant comme telle tout partage, donc à l’encontre des devoirs inhérents à la participation aux débats dans les assemblées publiques caractéristiques de la vie républicaine :être animé d’une pensée susceptible de partage se dit 'cogitare'.<p><p>La troisième partie de l’essai s’attache à décrire l’évolution de la mentalité héritée de la deuxième guerre punique à la mesure de l’extension du domaine de l’ancien droit civil à une société cosmopolite, au sein de laquelle les attentes placées dans la figure emblématique du citoyen romain sincère doivent composer avec les nécessités nouvelles de relations juridiques plus complexes, relations que les vertus civiques prêtées au citoyen/légionnaire ne peuvent plus suffire à régir. Evolutions contrastées du 'ius publicum' et du 'ius priuatum' :tandis que, sur la voie du Principat, les rapports de force politiques cantonnent le devoir de sincérité à une morale personnelle bien aléatoire au cours des conflits qui altèrent le dernier siècle de la République, le droit privé s’enrichit du 'ius gentium' pour s’efforcer, dans les 'iudicia bonae fidei', de substituer à la vigilance formaliste une conscience substantielle des devoirs de sincérité des cocontractants. C’est toutefois en vain que Cicéron suggère de transposer à la scène politique l’éthique du droit civil, ou que Virgile (en particulier dans un épisode-clé du deuxième livre de l’Enéide, manifestement inspiré aussi par la canonique épicurienne) tente de ressusciter une éthique collective de la vigilance face au mensonge. Etrangers donc au droit public de l’Empire, les termes mendacium et mentiri n’apparaissent qu’en ordre dispersé dans un nombre restreint de notices du Corpus iuris ciuilis et, faute d’y être érigés en termes techniques, ne participent que de transpositions ponctuelles aux rapports de droit civil de sanctions inspirées par un devoir de sincérité jadis enraciné dans des notions républicaines de la responsabilité personnelle et de la solidarité.<p><p>Aux termes extrêmes de nos sources latines antiques, le mensonge, dans sa dimension élémentaire d’affirmation délibérément trompeuse, a été entendu de deux façons apparemment diamétralement opposées :d’un impératif républicain de sanction de la crédulité à la condamnation uniformément rigoureuse prononcée par saint Augustin. Cette opposition se mue cependant en synthèse si l’on veut bien considérer que la conception augustinienne tend à conférer la dimension métaphysique de la Cité de Dieu au devoir romain de sincérité autrefois et autrement promu dans les limites de la seule cité républicaine. Entre deux conceptions absolument fondées sur la norme éthique, la norme juridique romaine, seulement appelée à régir l’altérité avec réalisme, n’a traité qu’avec une parcimonieuse prudence de cette perversion de la pensée qu’est le mensonge.<br>Doctorat en Sciences juridiques<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Le premier chapitre de ce travail est consacré à une analyse détaillée de la mention de l’origine ethnique ou nationale des criminels dans le cas de l’affaire Joe Van Holsbeeck et à la réception de cette information par le public belge. Nous y analysons dans une perspective temporelle les titres d’article et les éditoriaux publiés sur l’affaire Joe Van Holsbeeck par six quotidiens belges ainsi qu’un échantillon de témoignages prélevés sur un blog créé en mémoire de la victime. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous proposons une analyse secondaire des données présentées dans le premier chapitre avec une nouvelle question à l’esprit :Quel est le sens de la relation entre discours médiatique et discours public à l’ère des médias sociaux et dans un contexte de concurrence accrue entre les médias ?Le troisième chapitre a pour objectif d’examiner les représentations sociales élaborées par le public belge dans le but de donner sens à l’agression de Joe Van Holsbeeck et d’identifier les liens qui pouvaient exister entre représentations sociales et participation à des actions en lien avec l’affaire, sur base d’entretiens menés auprès d’une trentaine de personnes mobilisées à des degrés divers dans l’affaire. Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous rapportons les résultats de quatre études expérimentales sur l’exposition sélective à des extraits d’article de presse en fonction de l’origine ethnique ou nationale des criminels. La qualité perçue des extraits, le degré de préjugé des participants, le degré de crédibilité attribuée aux médias ont été mesurés. De plus, afin de favoriser l’émergence de l’effet d’exposition sélective, l’étude 3 visait à restreindre la quantité d’articles auxquels les participants pouvaient s’exposer tandis que l’étude 4 imposait des contraintes temporelles à la lecture. Les résultats pris dans leur ensemble mettent en évidence le rôle actif joué par le public dans la (non) transmission des stéréotypes par les médias.<br>Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Avant de constituer un concept juridique ou de faire reference a la notion d'ecrit ou d'ecriture. Le contrat a d'abord ete symbolise par un signe, une parole ou un simple echange de biens. L'expression d'une volonte libre et eclairee est toujours apparue comme l'un des fondements de sa validite. Le principe de l'autonomie de la volonte a ainsi entraine celui du consensualisme. Ce dernier se trouve en pratique attenue par les exigences que posent certaines regles de forme ou de preuve en rendant necessaire l'etablissement d'un contrat ecrit. C'est ainsi qu'apparaissent diverses mentions manuscrites dont l'influence sur le contrat, negotium comme instrumentum est variable. On releve l'existence de telles mentions des la haute antiquite. A l'heure actuelle, ces mentions manuscrites, parmi lesquelles la signature est la plus connues contribuent toutes a l'expression de la volonte des contractants et a la protection de leur consentement, mais certaines d'entre elles tendent davantage a l'expression du consentement des parties au contrat alors que les autres visent plus precisement la protection du consentement ainsi exprime. La signature apparait comme la mention manuscrite de base. Elle est notamment "completee" par des additions et des renvois, par la mention manuscrite de l'article 1326 du code civil, ou par les mentions manuscrites du droit de la consommation. Si l'apposition de telles mentions peut apparaitre justifiee en matiere d'actes sous seing prive, elle ne l'est pas s'agissant des actes authentiques. Dans un tel cas, le notaire eclaire suffisamment le debiteur sur la portee de son engagement et l'exigence d'une mention manuscrite dans un acte notarie, a l'exception de la signature, ferait double emploi. Il convient de rehabiliter la valeur de la signature, mention manuscrite "supreme", qui devrait d'ailleurs etre la seule a figurer sur un acte instrumentaire, a l'exception de la mention manuscrite de l'article 1326 du code civil et des autres renvois et additions. Cette restauration doit s'imposer a l'heure de l'informatique ou le maintien et le developpement meme de mentions manuscrites complementaires ne sont plus que des concepts de protection depasses et ou le conseil apparait comme la valeur a fortifier pour permettre aux parties d'exprimer une volonte eclairee et fiable.

Orientador: Josue Pereira da Silva<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T01:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_MarcioAlexandreBarbosa_M.pdf: 724619 bytes, checksum: 8798e64ddb9f4ce118515ea25c85fcb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003<br>Resumo: A partir da análise de entrevistas com pessoas que relataram casos de mentiras contadas a elas ou por elas, identificamos o uso da mentira como uma estratégia de resistência e, ao mesmo tempo, de adaptação a situações de dominação. A mentira foi entendida como expressão de uma consciência social incapaz de, através do seu uso, transformar as condições sociais contra as quais os indivíduos que dela se utilizam lutam. Ao contrário, concluímos que seu uso reproduz da lógica de dominação contra a qual tenta resistir<br>Abstract: Based on the analysis of interviews with people that have related cases in which a lie was told to them or by them, we identified the use of lying as a strategy of resistence and at the same time an adaptation to situations of domination. Lying was understood as an expression of a social conscience uncapable of change the social conditions that, those who are lying, are trying to fight against. On the contrary, we concluded that its use reproduces the logic of the domination that one tries do resist<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Sociologia

Can words create worlds? My fiction thesis, El mundo es mentira (The World Is a Lie), explores different voices and points of view to examine the ways in which they not only tell stories, but also generate spaces, atmospheres and, ultimately, worlds of their own. Moreover, the book aims to be a meeting ground where these voices dialogue with the voices of the literary tradition, reinterpreting and rewriting it. This collection was conceived as an experimental laboratory as well: it is comprised by short and micro-stories which question and challenge conventional forms of storytelling by incorporating poetic, memoiristic and essayistic devices.

In this dissertation I examine some of the most relevant proposals of common solutions to the Liar and the Sorites paradoxes. In order to do that, I present first a definition of what a paradox is so that, with this at hand, I can characterize in detail what should we expect from a common solution to a given collection of paradoxes. Next, I look into the reasons we might have to endorse a common solution to a group of paradoxes and some consequences are drawn with respect to Vann McGee's and Graham Priest's proposals to cope with both the Liar and the Sorites paradoxes, In the next chapters, three authors are examined in some detail. First, Jamie Tappenden's account is judged inappropriate, specially in the case of the Liar paradox. With respect to the Sorites, it is showed to be at least as problematic as Supervaluational approaches. Second, Paul Horwich's epistemicist proposal is examined with a special focus on the treatment of the Liar paradox. Horwich's account about how to construct his theory of truth is formalized and critically discussed with the use of a fixed-point construction. In the last chapter, I introduce and discuss some logics based on the work of Hartry Field that use two conditionals in a language with a truth predicate and vague predicates.<br>En aquesta tesi examino algunes de les propostes mes importants de solució comuna a les paradoxes del Mentider i la Sorites. Per tal de fer-ho, introdueixo, primer, una definició de la noció de paradoxa i, amb ella, caracteritzo en detall que cal esperar d'una solució comuna a un grup de paradoxes. A continuació, considero quines són les raons que podem tenir per tal d'adoptar una solució comuna a una col·lecció de paradoxes i extrec algunes conclusions respecte les propostes de Vann McGee i Graham Priest per fer front al Mentider i la Sorites. En els tres capítols següents, examino tres autors en detall. Primer, rebutjo la proposta de Jamie Tappenden per inapropiada, especialment en el cas del Mentider. Pel que fa a la Sorites, mostro que la teoria que Tappenden defensa es, al menys, tan problemàtica com les propostes superavaluacionistes. En segon lloc, examino la teoria epistemicista de Paul Horwich, amb especial atenció a la seva aplicació al mentider. A traves d'una construcció de punt fixe, formalitzo i discuteixo críticament la proposta de Horwich sabre com construir la seva teoria de la veritat. En l'últim capítol, introdueixo i discuteixo algunes lògiques, basades en les propostes de Hartry Field, que usen dos condicionals en llenguatges amb un predicat de veritat i predicats vagues.

Orientador: Edson Antunes<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T08:00:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ramos-Filho_AntonioCelsoSaragossa_D.pdf: 3024613 bytes, checksum: a03a80c65d863acd441249f461461216 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: Os receptores TRPV4 e TRPM8 são expressos no urotélio e em fibras aferentes sensitivas da bexiga. Fisiologicamente, a ativação mecânica do receptor TRPV4 na parede da bexiga participa do controle miccional. Em doenças de origem inflamatória, esses receptores adquirem funcionalidade importante. As disfunções da bexiga no diabetes podem estar associadas a alterações ao nível de detrusor, inervação e urotélio. A disfunção urotelial parece ser a responsável por desencadear as alterações neurais e musculares da bexiga. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da ativação dos receptores TRPV4 e TRPM8 no estado diabético em camundongos. Para tanto, dividimos o estudo em duas etapas, sendo que na primeira avaliamos a participação dos receptores TRPV4 e TRPM8 nos mecanismos contráteis e relaxantes do detrusor isolado de animais controles e knockout para esses canais. Em uma segunda etapa estudamos a ativação desses canais em camundongos diabéticos pela injeção intraperitoneal de estreptozotocina (180 mg/Kg) por 4 semanas. Em fragmentos do detrusor isolados de camundongos mostramos que o agonista do receptor TRPV4, GSK1016790A, causou resposta contrátil dependente da concentração. Por outro lado, quando os tecidos foram contraídos com solução despolarizante de KCl, o GSK1016790A causou relaxamento da preparação. No detrusor isolado de animais TRPV4-/- verificamos hipercontratilidade ao carbacol (agonista muscarínico) e à estimulação elétrica, assim como redução no relaxamento ao agonista ?-adrenérgico não-seletivo, isoprenalina. Estes efeitos não foram obtidos com os antagonistas dos receptores TRPV4, RN1734 e HC067047. A indução do diabetes causou nocicepção mecânica e aumento da proporção entre bexiga e peso corpóreo após 4 semanas da injeção. A avaliação miccional dos animais diabéticos mostrou aumento da capacidade, frequência urinária e das contrações involuntárias da bexiga. Observamos ainda hipercontratilidade do detrusor ao carbacol, à estimulação elétrica e ao KCl. A indução do diabetes em animais TRPV4-/- não modificou as disfunções "in vivo" e "in vitro" observadas nos animais wyld type diabéticos, mostrando que a ausência crônica dos receptores TRPV4 desencadeia alterações miccionais que são anteriores as causadas pelo diabetes. Também verificamos que os animais TRPM8-/- não apresentam alteração na resposta contrátil ao carbacol e à estimulação elétrica. Por outro lado, o mentol, mas não a icilina, reduziu significativamente as respostas contráteis nestes animais. O mentol inibiu o influxo de cálcio extracelular em cultura de células da musculatura lisa da bexiga por mecanismo inibitório direto nos canais Cav1.2. O tratamento agudo com mentol, intraperitoneal e intravesical, atenuou as disfunções miccionais observadas nos camundongos diabéticos. "In vitro" o pré-tratamento com mentol reduziu a hipercontratilidade ao carbacol no grupo diabético, sem alterar a resposta no grupo controle. Concluímos que o mentol impede a resposta contrátil da bexiga por mecanismo independente do receptor TRPM8 bloqueando o influxo de cálcio extracelular nos canais Cav1,2, podendo ser utilizado como tratamento na hiperatividade de bexiga de origem miogênica<br>Abstract: The TRPV4 and TRPM8 receptors are expressed in bladder urothelium and sensitive afferent fibers. Physiologically, the mechanical activation of TRPV4 receptor in the bladder wall is involved in micturition control. In inflammatory diseases, these receptors may have important roles. The bladder dysfunction in diabetes may be associated with changes at the level of detrusor, innervation and urothelium. The urothelial dysfunction triggers neural changes, modifying consequently the smooth muscle contractility. Thus, the goal of the present study was to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of TRPV4 and TRPM8 receptor activation in physiological and diabetic conditions in mice. For this purpose we divided the study in two phases, the first of which we evaluated the participation of TRPV4 and TRPM8 receptors in detrusor contractile and relaxing mechanisms in control and knockout animals for these channels. In the second phase we studied the activation of these channels in diabetic mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 180 mg / kg, 4 weeks). The TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A produced concentration-dependent detrusor contractions. On the other hand, in detrusor pré-contracted with KCl (80 mM), GSK1016790A caused relaxation responses. In TRPV4-/- animals, we verified hypercontractility to carbachol (muscarinic agonist) and electrical-field stimulation, as well as a decreased relaxation to isoprenaline (non-selective ?-adrenergic agonist). These effects were not obtained with the TRPV4 antagonists, RN1734 and HC067047. Induction of diabetes with STZ caused hyperglycemia, mechanical nocicepton, and increased ratio between bladder and body weight after 4 weeks. The miccturition evaluationin diabetic animals showed increased capacity, urinary frequency, and non-voiding contractions. Hypercontractility to carbachol, electrical-field stimulation and KCl in isolated detrusor were lso observed. The induction of diabetes in TRPV4-/- animals did not change the urinary dysfunctions. Our data are consistent with the proposal that TRPV4 receptor has a physiological function in micturition control by decreasing muscarinic-induced contractions and increasing ?-adrenergic-mediated relaxations. Moreover, the bladder contractions to carbachol and EFS in TRPM8-/- did not significantly change compared to TRPM8+/+. However, menthol (300 ?M), but not icilin (1 ?M), significantly inhibited these contractile responses. The menthol (300 ?M) inhibited extracellular calcium influx in bladder smooth muscle cell culture by direct mechanism though Cav1.2 channels. In addition the acute treatment with menthol, intraperitoneal and intravesical, atenuated the micturition dysfunctions observed in diabetic mice. Also, detrusor preparations pre-treated with menthol decreased carbachol hypercontractility, without changing the responses in normoglycemic group. Menthol reduces bladder contractions by mechanisms independent of TRPM8 receptor activation, inhibiting extracellular calcium influx through Cav1.2 channel, thus been considered as treatment for bladder overactivity of myogenic origin<br>Doutorado<br>Farmacologia<br>Doutor em Farmacologia

Mestrado em Psicologia Forense<br>Muitas são as estratégias estudadas e implementadas na deteção de mentira. Estratégias que variam entre a observação do sujeito, a análise do seu discurso e o estudo de medidas psicofisiológicas. A estratégia de utilizar o desenho como detetor de mentira, sendo este utilizado como ferramenta complementar à entrevista de recolha de informação (ERI), tem-se mostrado útil pelo aumento da precisão na discriminação entre mentirosos e inocentes. Principalmente, pelo seu uso estratégico de questão inesperada em interrogatório. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em verificar a utilidade do uso do desenho, como ferramenta de deteção de mentira, em indivíduos com diferentes níveis de ansiedade social (baixo ou elevado). As pistas de nervosismo são tidas, em inúmeros casos, como pistas de mentira, sendo os indivíduos com maior ansiedade social propícios as serem identificados erradamente como mentirosos, devido a essas pistas de nervosismo. Para isso, as hipóteses prendem-se com o esperar que os indivíduos com maior ansiedade social sejam percecionados como menos verdadeiros, menos plausíveis e com um discurso menos detalhado, comparativamente com os de baixa ansiedade social. Da mesma forma, espera-se que no método desenho esses níveis de plausibilidade e detalhe aumentem, devido à menor interação entre entrevistado e entrevistador, comparativamente com a entrevista de recolha de informação. Neste estudo participaram 83 entrevistados e 166 observadores, alunos da Universidade de Aveiro. Os 83 entrevistados foram, individualmente, chamados a realizar uma tarefa experimental - preparar (inocentes), ou não (mentirosos), um gabinete para receber um novo Professor Universitário. Posterior a essa tarefa, foram entrevistados (entrevista filmada) sobre o que fizeram e como ficou o gabinete depois de ser preparado, assim como, solicitado esse mesmo registo em papel com recurso a um desenho. O objetivo seria convencer as entrevistadoras de que tinham, de facto, preparado o gabinete, mesmo quando isso era mentira. Os 166 observadores avaliaram, posteriormente, uma entrevista ou um desenho nas dimensões: plausibilidade, detalhe e veracidade. Como principais resultados, discutidos e interpretados no final, a discriminação entre mentirosos e inocentes revelou-se significativa com o uso da entrevista e próxima de significativa com o desenho, quando os observadores tinham conhecimento das instruções (o que fazer para preparar o gabinete) recebidas pelos entrevistados. Os resultados das taxas de acerto revelaram-se superiores para inocentes, independentemente do seu nível de ansiedade ou do método utilizado. No método entrevista é percebido uma maior plausibilidade e detalhe, comparativamente com o desenho.<br>There are a variety of strategies which have been studied and implemented in lie detection. These strategies vary in subject observation, speech analysis and psychophysiological measures study. The strategy of using the draw as a lie detector, used as a complementary tool for the information-gathering interview, has become useful since it shows an increase in the accuracy of liar and innocent detection. Mainly because of its strategic use in an unexpected question during an interrogation. The main objective of this study consists in the verification of the draw benefits as a lie detection tool in individuals with different levels of social anxiety (high and low). In most cases, the nervousness clues are taken as lie clues, the individuals with great anxiety are the most propitious to be incorrectly identified as liars due to these clues. For this to happen, the hypothesis are to expect that individuals with higher social anxiety should be perceived as the less trues, less plausible and with a less detailed speech comparing with those with low social anxiety. It’s in the same way expected that in the draw method these levels of plausibility and detail increase, due to the lower interaction between the interviewee and the interviewer, when comparing with the information gathering interview. In this study we had the participation of 83 interviewees and 166 observers, students from University of Aveiro. The 83 interviewees were individually called to do an experimental task – to prepare (innocents), or not (liars), an office to receive a new College teacher. Afterwards, they were interviewed (filmed interview) about what they did and how the office looked like, this information was also requested in paper by using a draw. The main objective was to convince the interviewers that they had in fact prepared the office, even if this was a lie. The 166 observers evaluated afterwards, an interview or a draw in the following dimensions: plausibility, detail and veracity. After the analysis and discussion of the main results, the discrimination between liars and innocents revealed significant when using the interview and near to significant with the draw, when the observers were aware of the instructions (what to do to prepare the office) received by the interviewees. The results of the settlement rates revealed higher for the innocents, regardless their anxiety level or the used method. It can be concluded that the interview method shows higher plausibility and detail when comparing with the draw.

Na área forense, a discriminação de inocentes e mentirosos é ainda um desafio. Um aspeto importante a considerar, no sentido de prevenir erros, são as características individuais. Neste estudo atentamos ao nível de ansiedade social, uma característica relevante a considerar, uma vez que pessoas com elevada ansiedade social se tornam suscetíveis de serem consideradas menos credíveis, podendo ser interpretadas como estando a mentir, mesmo dizendo a verdade. Pretendíamos ainda comparar os efeitos de dois tipos de entrevista na discriminação destes indivíduos. Deste modo, na amostra foram incluídas pessoas com diferentes níveis de ansiedade social. Foram entrevistadas a dizer a verdade ou a mentir, com recurso e comparação da entrevista de recolha de informação e da entrevista acusatória. Várias dimensões associadas à mentira (esforço mental, nervosismo, controlo do comportamento, detalhe e plausibilidade do discurso) foram avaliadas por observadores, aos quais foi pedido que discriminassem a veracidade dos discursos. Os resultados sugerem que os níveis de ansiedade social têm influência na avaliação do esforço mental, nervosismo e detalhe do discurso. Contrariamente ao esperado, os entrevistados inocentes com elevada ansiedade social foram nos dois tipos de entrevista mais corretamente discriminados do que os mentirosos com baixo nível de ansiedade social. As taxas de acerto foram mais favoráveis para os relatos obtidos com a entrevista acusatória, para todos os grupos exceto os entrevistados inocentes com baixa ansiedade social. Verificou-se que os níveis de ansiedade social podem influenciar a opinião sobre características relacionadas com a deteção da mentira o que em última instância pode afetar a tomada de decisão sobre a inocência dos suspeitos.<br>In the forensic field the discrimination of innocents and liars still is a challenge. A significant aspect to be considered to prevent errors are the individual characteristics. In this study, we included social anxiety levels, as a strong part of human behaviour and individual characteristic, in order to prevent wrongfully accusations or judgments. Since socially anxious people, despite their truth telling, are often consider less credible, and interpreted as being lying. Also intended to compare the effects of two types of interview in the categorization of these individuals. Therefore, the sample included people with different levels of social anxiety (high and low). They were interviewed telling the truth or lying, using the information-gathering interview, and accusatory interview methods. Several lying associated dimensions (mental effort, behaviour control, nervousness, plausibility and speech detail) were evaluated by observers, which were asked to judge the veracity of those statements. The results suggests that the social anxiety levels have influence in the evaluation of mental effort, nervousness and speech detail. Innocent interviewees with high social anxiety, contrary to expectations, were, in both interview styles, more accurately categorized than liars with low social anxiety. The accuracy rates were higher to the accusatory interview reports, for all groups except for the truth tellers with low social anxiety. It was observed the social anxiety levels may influence the opinion of characteristics related to lie detection which can ultimately affect the decision on the innocence of suspects.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-09-12T11:16:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 71034772 bytes, checksum: 9c21531ff7d7e2de79d846d056ac6485 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T11:16:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 71034772 bytes, checksum: 9c21531ff7d7e2de79d846d056ac6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The monoterpenes found in essential oils from plants act on transient receptor potential channels (TRP). Some TRP channels with altered expression in hypertensive rats may be new therapeutic targets for the control of hypertension. Aim: Compare the responses induced by Essential Oil of Mentha x villosa Hudson (OEMV), rotundifolone and menthol in Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY), evaluating the role of TRP channels. Methods and Results: In vivo (blood pressure measurement and heart rate), in vitro (measure of the frequency and force of contraction in the atria and the isometric tension in superior mesenteric arteries) and biochemical (PCR and Western blot) studies were used. The OEMV (3, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), the rotundifolone (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) and the menthol (3, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) induced significant hypotensive and bradycardic response in non-anesthetized SHR and WKY rats. The reduction in the diastolic blood pressure was significantly greater than the decrease in the systolic blood pressure, suggesting a greater action on the vascular component of blood pressure. However, the significant bradycardic effect and reduction in the systolic blood pressure also suggest an action on the cardiac component. Furthermore, the decrease in the blood pressure and heart rate induced by rotundifolone and by menthol were significantly more potent in SHR. The action of OEMV, the rotundifolone and menthol in the right atrium (with spontaneous activity) and left (electrically stimulated) showed negative inotropic and chronotropic effects and culminating in complete inhibition of cardiac activity. Moreover, the negative inotropic effect was more potent in SHR and protein TRPM8 channel showed increased expression in the ventricles (left > right) and atria (left > right) of SHR rats. Also, OEMV, rotundifolone and menthol induced vasorelaxant response in superior mesenteric arteries of SHR and WKY rats, precontracted with PHE. The major mechanism involves the endothelium-independent route, which was more potent in SHR. The mechanism of the endothelium-independent vasorelaxant response induced by rotundifolone and menthol probably involves TRPM8 channels, which showed increased expression in SHR, and TRPC1, TRPC3 and TRPC6 channels. However, the response induced by menthol in WKY rats involves other TRP channels (probably TRPM6 and TRPM7). In addition, the flow cytometry showed an increase in [Ca2+]i induced by rotundifolone in SHR vascular myocytes, probably by activating of the TRPM8 channel. Conclusions: The hypotensive, bradycardia, negative inotropic and vasorelaxant responses induced by OEMV, rotundifolone and menthol were significantly more potent in SHR than in WKY rats. The mechanism of the endothelium-independent vasorelaxant response induced by rotundifolone and menthol involves TRPM8, TRPC (probably TRC1, TRPC3 and TRPC6), BKCa and CaV channels, but menthol may be acting in other TRP channels (probably TRPM6 and TRPM7) in WKY rats. The TRPM8 channel showed increased expression in SHR rats. Thus, the action of OEMV, rotundifolone and menthol on these channels can be related with the higher potency observed in SHR rats.<br>Os monoterpenos presentes em óleos essenciais de plantas atuam sobre canais Potencial Receptor Transiente (TRP). Alguns canais TRP com expressão alterada em ratos hipertensos podem ser novos alvos terapêuticos para o controle da hipertensão arterial. Objetivo: Comparar as respostas induzidas pelo Óleo Essencial de Mentha x-villosa Hudson (OEMV), pela rotundifolona e pelo mentol em Ratos Espontaneamente Hipertensos (SHR) e normotensos Wistar Kyoto (WKY), avaliando o papel de canais TRP. Métodos e Resultados: Estudos in vivo (medida de pressão arterial e freqüência cardíaca), in vitro (medida da freqüência e força de contração em átrios e da tensão isométrica em artérias mesentéricas superiores) e bioquímicos (PCR e Western blot) foram usados. O OEMV (3, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg), a rotundifolona (10, 20 e 30 mg/kg), e o mentol (3, 5, 10 e 20 mg/kg) induziram significativa resposta hipotensora e bradicárdica em ratos SHR e WKY não-anestesiados. A redução na pressão arterial diastólica foi significativamente maior do que a redução na pressão arterial sistólica, sugerindo uma maior ação sobre o componente vascular da pressão arterial. Entretanto, o significativo efeito bradicárdico e a redução na pressão arterial sistólica sugerem também uma ação sobre o componente cardíaco. Além disso, a diminuição na pressão arterial e freqüência cardíaca induzida por rotundifolona e por mentol foram significativamente mais potentes em ratos SHR. A ação do OEMV, da rotundifolona e do mentol em átrios direito (com atividade espontânea) e esquerdo (estimulado eletricamente) mostrou efeitos cronotrópico e inotrópico negativos e culminando na completa inibição da atividade cardíaca. Além disso, o efeito inotrópico negativo foi mais potente em ratos SHR e a proteína do canal TRPM8 mostrou expressão aumentada nos ventrículos (esquerdo > direito) e nos átrios (esquerdo > direito) de ratos SHR. O OEMV, a rotundifolona e o mentol também induziram resposta vasorrelaxante em artérias mesentéricas superiores de ratos SHR e WKY, pré-contraídos com FEN. O mecanismo majoritário envolve a via independente do endotélio, que foi mais potente em ratos SHR. O mecanismo da resposta vasorrelaxante independente do endotélio induzida por rotundifolona e mentol envolve provavelmente canais TRPM8, que apresentaram expressão aumentada em ratos SHR, e canais TRPC1, TRPC3 e TRPC6. Entretanto, a resposta induzida por mentol em ratos WKY envolve outros canais TRP (provavelmente TRPM6 e TRPM7). Além disso, a citometria de fluxo mostrou um aumento na [Ca2+]i induzido por rotundifolona em miócitos vasculares de ratos SHR, provavelmente por ativação de canais TRPM8. Conclusões: As respostas hipotensora, bradicárdica, inotrópica negativa e vasorrelaxante induzidas por OEMV, rotundifolona e mentol foram significativamente mais potentes em ratos SHR do que em ratos WKY. O mecanismo da resposta vasorrelaxante independente de endotélio induzida por rotundifolona e mentol envolve canais TRPM8, TRPC (provavelmente TRPC1, TRPC3 e TRPC6), BKCa e CaV, porém o mentol pode estar atuando em outros canais TRP (provavelmente TRPM6 e TRPM7) em ratos WKY. Os canais TRPM8 mostraram expressão aumentada em ratos SHR. Dessa forma, a ação do OEMV, da rotundifolona e do mentol sobre esses canais pode estar relacionada com a maior potência observada em ratos SHR.

Submitted by Henry Silva Vieira (henry@icomp.ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-15T15:55:24Z No. of bitstreams: 3 tese-henry-vieira.pdf: 1191114 bytes, checksum: b10400a0fae82d5f844e9bb1c5ec4519 (MD5) folha-de-aprovacao.pdf: 315239 bytes, checksum: b497a7ed9186152c12bd92a9cc4c206e (MD5) ata-de-defesa.pdf: 482952 bytes, checksum: 62340b99b961e7b1d17cdbf1ae2621a2 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Secretaria PPGI (secretariappgi@icomp.ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-15T18:52:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 tese-henry-vieira.pdf: 1191114 bytes, checksum: b10400a0fae82d5f844e9bb1c5ec4519 (MD5) folha-de-aprovacao.pdf: 315239 bytes, checksum: b497a7ed9186152c12bd92a9cc4c206e (MD5) ata-de-defesa.pdf: 482952 bytes, checksum: 62340b99b961e7b1d17cdbf1ae2621a2 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T17:41:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 tese-henry-vieira.pdf: 1191114 bytes, checksum: b10400a0fae82d5f844e9bb1c5ec4519 (MD5) folha-de-aprovacao.pdf: 315239 bytes, checksum: b497a7ed9186152c12bd92a9cc4c206e (MD5) ata-de-defesa.pdf: 482952 bytes, checksum: 62340b99b961e7b1d17cdbf1ae2621a2 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T17:41:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 tese-henry-vieira.pdf: 1191114 bytes, checksum: b10400a0fae82d5f844e9bb1c5ec4519 (MD5) folha-de-aprovacao.pdf: 315239 bytes, checksum: b497a7ed9186152c12bd92a9cc4c206e (MD5) ata-de-defesa.pdf: 482952 bytes, checksum: 62340b99b961e7b1d17cdbf1ae2621a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-25<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas<br>A mídia social online tornou-se uma parte essencial de nossa vida diária. Por meio dessas mídias, os usuários trocam informações que geram usando diversos mecanismos de comunicação. Nesse contexto, mais e mais usuários transmitem e confiam em informações publicadas por outros usuários sobre uma grande variedade de tópicos, incluindo opiniões e informações sobre produtos. A extração e o processamento automáticos de informações geradas pelo usuário nas mídias sociais podem fornecer informações e conhecimento relevantes para uma variedade de aplicativos interessantes. Em particular, uma das técnicas de análise de conteúdo mais aplicadas às mídias sociais é a de mineração de opinião. Uma das tarefas básicas associadas à mineração de opinião é extrair e categorizar as entidades de destino, ou seja, identificar as menções de entidade no texto e vincular essas menções de entidade a entidades do mundo real sobre as quais as opiniões são feitas. Em nosso trabalho, nos concentramos em entidades-alvo de um tipo específico e atualmente relevante: produtos eletrônicos de consumo. Tais produtos são o principal assunto de opiniões postadas pelos usuários em várias postagens em fóruns de discussão e sites de varejo na Web. Neste trabalho, estamos interessados ​​em usar o conteúdo textual não estruturado gerado por usuários de mídia social para permitir continuamente enriquecer o conhecimento sobre produtos representados em catálogos de produtos. Portanto, a tarefa que abordamos aqui é como reconhecer e vincular menções a produtos em conteúdo textual gerado pelo usuário para o produto, de um catálogo, ao qual eles se referem. Afirmamos que duas sub-tarefas básicas surgem: primeiro, a extração de entidades alvo mencionada em conteúdo textual não-estruturado; segundo, a desambiguação de entidades extraídas, isto é, ligação menções extraídas à sua contraparte do mundo real. Neste trabalho, desenvolvemos métodos para abordar essas duas subtarefas. Esta tese detalha essas tarefas, discute nossas ideias para os métodos que desenvolvemos e apresenta nossas contribuições e resultados para esse objetivo.<br>Online social media has grown into an essential part of our daily life. Through these media, users exchange information that they generate by using many different communication mechanisms. In this context, more and more users pass on and trust information published by other users on a large variety of topics, including opinion and information about products. Automatically extracting and processing user-generated information in social media can provide relevant information and knowledge to a variety of interesting applications. In particular, one of the content analysis techniques most often applied to social media is that of opinion mining. One of the basic tasks associated with opinion mining is extracting and categorizing target entities, i.e., identifying entity mentions in text, and linking these entity mentions to unique real world entities about which the opinions are made. In our work, we focus on target entities of a specific, and currently relevant, type: consumer electronic products. Such products are the main subject of opinions posted by users on a number of posts in discussion forums and retail sites over the Web. In this work, we are interested in using the unstructured textual content generated by social media users to continuously allow enriching the knowledge about products represented in product catalogs. Therefore, the task we address here is how to recognize and link mentions to products in user generated textual content to the product, from a catalog, they refer to. We claim that two basic sub-tasks arise: first, extraction of target entities mentions from unstructured textual content; second, disambiguation of extracted entities, i.e., linking extracted mentions to their real world counterpart. In this work, we developed methods to address these two sub-tasks. This thesis details these tasks, discusses our ideas for the methods we developed, and presents our contributions and results towards this goal.<br>Não tive dificuldades, tudo funcionou corretamente.

En partant des indications de jeu sur les premières partitions de Satie, nous pouvons relever en quoi elles répliquent à l'ambiance musicale de l'époque et à certains de ses héritages esthétiques. Pour mieux mesurer la charge de ces indications et à la suite du travail de Françoise Escal sur la notion de «paratexte » dans le champ éditorial de la musique, nous prenons en considération toutes les mentions verbales des partitions pour piano de Satie et relevons les aspects sous lesquels elles saturent l'héritage romantique d'une part, les pratiques éditoriales qui lui sont contemporaines d'autre part. En examinant comment la relation entre le compositeur et l'interprète est ainsi reconfigurée, nous envisageons la projection de la partition dans un espace éditorial élargi. Ainsi, nous cherchons à traiter des mentions verbales sur les partitions de Satie solidairement au positionnement social du compositeur et aux orientations esthétiques de sa musique. En cherchant des communautés de posture et de fond entre les lettres de Satie et les mentions verbales, nous montrons que le changement de morphologie de la partition permet d'ouvrir un éclairage sur ses modalités de sortie du romantisme et son articulation avec les innovations poétiques d'Apollinaire et Cendrars. C’est en scrutant les subtilités énonciatives qui s'y produisent spécifiquement que nous pouvons produire une image plus nuancée du compositeur dans ses textes et rafraîchir les tenants de sa réputation d'ironiste. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons une bibliographie aussi bien philosophique (Platon, Canetti, Jankélévitch, Foucault), qu'artistique (Chopin, Schumann, Picasso), que sémiologique (Barthes, Genette)<br>Based on the play instructions of the first scores by Satie, we can identify how they replicate the musical atmosphere of the period and some of his aesthetic heritage. To better quatify the content of following the work of Françoise Escal on the concept of "paratext" in the editorial field of music, we consider all verbal notes of piano scores by Satie and find aspects under which they saturate the romantic heritage' of one hand, the editorial practices that are contemporary to the other. By examining how the relationship between composer and player is so reconfigured, we consider the projection of the score in an editorial space expanded. Thus, we seek to be about verbal notes on scores by Satie jointly social positioning of the composer and aesthetic trends of his music. Seeking communities in posture and substance between the letters of Satie and verbal notes, we show that the change of morphology of the score broadens on its exit modalities of Romanticism and its articulation with the poetic innovations of Apollinaire and Cendrars. It is scrutinizing the enunciative subtleties which occur specifically that we can produce a more nuances picture of the composer in his lyrics and refresh the issues of his reputation as ironist. To do this, we draw a bibliography as well philosophical (Platon, Canetti, Jankélévitch, Foucault), as artistic (Chopin, Shumann, Picasso), as semiotic(Barthes, Genette)

Background: Traditionally text mention normalization corpora have normalized concepts to single ontology identifiers ("pre-coordinated concepts"). Less frequently, normalization corpora have used concepts with multiple identifiers ("post-coordinated concepts") but the additional identifiers have been restricted to a defined set of relationships to the core concept. This approach limits the ability of the normalization process to express semantic meaning. We generated a freely available corpus using post-coordinated concepts without a defined set of relationships that we term "compositional concepts" to evaluate their use in clinical text. Methods: We annotated 5397 disorder mentions from the ShARe corpus to SNOMED CT that were previously normalized as "CUI-less" in the "SemEval-2015 Task 14" shared task because they lacked a pre-coordinated mapping. Unlike the previous normalization method, we do not restrict concept mappings to a particular set of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) semantic types and allow normalization to occur to multiple UMLS Concept Unique Identifiers (CUIs). We computed annotator agreement and assessed semantic coverage with this method. Results: We generated the largest clinical text normalization corpus to date with mappings to multiple identifiers and made it freely available. All but 8 of the 5397 disorder mentions were normalized using this methodology. Annotator agreement ranged from 52.4% using the strictest metric (exact matching) to 78.2% using a hierarchical agreement that measures the overlap of shared ancestral nodes. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence that compositional concepts can increase semantic coverage in clinical text. To our knowledge we provide the first freely available corpus of compositional concept annotation in clinical text.

Reconhecida pela sua megadiversidade, mas também pelo alto nível de desmatamento e perda de espécies que vem ocorrendo nas últimas décadas, a Mata Atlântica é um dos biomas mais ameaçados do planeta, recebendo a denominação de hotspot mundial. As abelhas exercem papel fundamental para a manutenção da vegetação por meio da polinização e o conhecimento sobre a composição do táxon contribui para ações de conservação. Abelhas da tribo Euglossini podem atuar como bioindicadoras da qualidade ambiental e exercem uma estreita relação com determinadas plantas, principalmente da família Orchidaceae, sendo fundamentais para a perpetuação de muitas espécies desta família. A tribo Euglossini apresenta riqueza de espécies nas florestas tropicais decaindo em direção às latitudes altas. Este estudo propôs investigar e reconhecer a fauna de Euglossini presente na região norte do estado de Santa Catarina, no sul do Brasil, a partir de coletas mensais em seis localidades, distribuídas ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal entre o nível do mar e 800 metros, nos municípios de Joinville e São Francisco do Sul. Duas localidades são constituídas por morros remanescentes de Mata Atlântica, inseridos na malha urbana de Joinville, com extensões de aproximadamente 390 e 525 hectares. As demais localidades compõem áreas contínuas de floresta na costa litorânea e Serra do Mar. Em cada local houve um dia de coleta por mês nos períodos de setembro/2013 até abril/2014 e de setembro/2014 até abril/2015. As iscas odoríferas disponibilizadas foram: benzoato de benzila, cineol, eugenol e vanilina. Nos últimos seis meses do estudo foi testada uma nova fragrância à base de menta: o mentol. O estudo registrou 794 machos de Euglossini dos gêneros Eufriesea, Euglossa e Eulaema, distribuídos em dez espécies válidas e uma potencialmente nova. As localidades com maiores riquezas foram os remanescentes no Morro do Finder e Morro do Boa Vista, e as maiores diversidades ocorreram na Vila da Glória e Mutucas. As espécies Eufriesea violacea Blanchard 1840, Euglossa annectans Dressler 1982 e Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, 1841 foram registradas nas seis localidades estudadas. Ef. violacea, Eg. annectans Eg. stellfeldi representaram 91,56% da comunidade amostrada, sendo 66,87% somente da primeira espécie. O cineol atraiu 299 abelhas, o eugenol 190 e vanilina 165, mas em relação à riqueza, os mais atrativos foram o benzoato de benzila, cineol e vanilina, com seis espécies cada. O mentol mostrou eficácia, atraindo 75 abelhas de quatro espécies. A distribuição das abelhas em relação a variação altitudinal demonstrou que as maiores riqueza e abundância ocorreram entre o nível do mar e 200 metros de altitude com diminuição do número de indivíduos e espécies acima desta cota. Interações entre as abelhas e oito espécies de orquídeas foram registradas a partir de polinários aderidos às abelhas. Apesar da ocupação humana no entorno dos fragmentos da área urbana, os Morros do Finder e do Boa Vista apresentaram bom estado de conservação para a comunidade de Euglossini. Novos esforços e utilização de outras metodologias podem enriquecer os dados obtidos contribuindo para uma melhor caracterização ambiental da região. A partir dos dados existentes na literatura sobre a tribo Euglossini em Santa Catarina, nota-se uma riqueza significativa nos municípios de Joinville e São Francisco do Sul.<br>Recognized for its megadiversity, but also the high level of deforestation and species loss that has occurred in recent decades, the Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened biomes on the planet, getting the global name hotspot. Bees play a crucial role in the maintenance of vegetation through pollination and knowledge about the taxon composition contributes to conservation actions. The tribe Euglossini can act as bioindicators of environmental quality and exert a close relationship with certain plants, particularly the orchid family, being fundamental to the perpetuation of many species of this family. The tribe Euglossini has a species richness in tropical forests which decreases in the higher latitudes. This study aimed to investigate and identify the Euglossini fauna present in the northern state of Santa Catarina, in southern Brazil, from monthly collections in six locations distributed along an altitudinal gradient between sea level and 800 meters, in the cities of Joinville and São Francisco do Sul. Two locations are composed of remnants of Atlantic Forest hills, situated in the urban area of Joinville, with extensions of approximately 390 and 525 hectares. Other locations comprise continuous areas of forest on the coastline and Serra do Mar. At each site there was one collection day per month in the period from September / 2013 to April / 2014 and September / 2014 to April / 2015. The available scent baits were: benzyl benzoate, cineol, eugenol and vanillin. In the last six months of the study a new mint-based fragrance was tested : menthol. The study recorded 794 Euglossini males of the genera Eufriesea, Euglossa and Eulaema, distributed in ten valid species and one potentially new species. The localities with the greatest richness were in Morro do Finder and Morro do Boa Vista, and the largest diversity occurred in the Vila da Glória and Mutucas. The species Eufriesea violacea Blanchard 1840, Euglossa annectans Dressler 1982 e Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, 1841 were recorded in the six studied locations. Ef. violacea, Eg. annectans and Eg. stellfeldi represented 91.56% of the sampled community, with the first species making up 66.87% of that figure. The cineole attracted 299 bees, eugenol 190 and vanillin 165, but in relation to richness, the most attractive were the benzyl benzoate, cineole and vanillin, with six species each. The menthol was effective, attracting 75 bees from four species. The distribution of bees in relation to altitudinal variation showed that the greatest richness and abundance occured between sea level and an altitude of 200 metres, with a decrease in the number of individuals and species above this altimetry quota. Interactions between bees and eight species of orchids were recorded from pollinaria adhered to the bees. Despite the surrounding human occupation of urban fragments, Morros Finder and Boa Vista showed good conditions for the community of Euglossini. New efforts and using other methodologies can enrich the data, contributing to a better environmental characterization of the area. From the literature data on the tribe Euglossini in Santa Catarina, there is a significant richness in the cities of Joinville and São Francisco do Sul.