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Lin, Chong Seow, Ramizu Shaari, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, and Shaifulizan Abdul Rahman. "Photogrammetric Analysis of Nasolabial Angle and Mentolabial Angle norm in Malaysian Adults." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 12, no. 2 (2013): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14951.
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Introduction: While measurement of nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle is an important clinical examination in pre-orthognathic surgery assessment, data on non-western population is limited. This study was therefore conducted to determine the range of nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle in normal Malaysian adult with comparison of males and females. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 Class I males and 52 Class I females aged 19-30 years from three main ethnic groups were randomly selected from dental students, medical students and staffs in dental clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The photographic set-up consisted of a 50mm Nikon DAT camera held in position by a tripod. The photos taken in JPEG format were digitalized and analysed using ProVixwin software. Independent t-test was used to compare any possible gender difference in nasolabial and mentolabial angles. Results: The mean of nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle for male was 92.99? and 130.44? whereas for females it was 95.04? and 130.73? respectively. Gender differences were found to be insignificant for both nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle. Conclusion: Despite having great variation in our population, the nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle are gender independent. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April13 Page 209-214 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14951
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Ilyas, Muhammad, Asmi Shaheen, and Tayyeba Zubair. "Angular Photogrammetric Analysis of Nasiolabial and Mentolabial Angle in Pakistani Adults." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 12 (2021): 4008–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115124008.
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Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the range of nasiolabial and mentolabial angles in normal Pakistani adult and to establish any sexual dimorphism if present. Method: Five hundred objects 500 were selected from the indoor of the de’Mont morency College of dentistry, Lahore. Written consent was obtained from all the participants and were guaranteed that secrecy of all the data was kept up. They were selected using following criteria 1)subjects aged between 18-30 years both males and females 2)skeletal class 1,2 and 3 using ANB of Stenier’s analysis with no or minor crowding, good facial asymmetry and full dentition irrespective of third molar. Gender wise difference was found using independent sample t test. Results: The results of Independent sample t test revealed that there was a significant gender wise difference with regards to nasiolabial (t= 3.827, P<.001) and mentolabial angle (t= -2.733, P<.007). Conclusion: The results showed wider nasiolabial angle in males while no significant difference in terms of skeletal classes. However, mentolabial angle was less in males than females and highest in class 3 than class 1 which was greater than class 2.The impact of sex was significant in both angles Keywords: Nasiolabial angel, Mentolabial angle, Sexual Dimorphism, Angular photogrammetric analysis
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Tiwari, Rahul, P. Srinivas Chakravarthi, Vivekanand S. Kattimani, and Krishna Prasad Lingamaneni. "A Perioral Soft Tissue evaluation after Orthognathic Surgery Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scan." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812010366.
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Background: Facial appearance is an important factor, affects social and psychological well-being. The ideal positioning of jaws and soft tissues is crucial during orthognathic surgery for a better outcome, but the response of facial soft tissues does not always reflect the exact movements of the underlying jaws in 1:1 ratio. So, soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery require utmost attention during surgical correction to make successful treatment. Aims and Objectives: Evaluation of perioral soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgical procedures. The objectives of the study were to assess and compare pre and post-operative perioral soft tissue changes of lip width, nasolabial and mentolabial angle using Three Dimensional Computed Tomography scan (3DCT). Patient and Methods: The study involved ten patients for evaluation requiring orthognathic surgical procedures (maxillary or mandibular anteroposterior excess or deficiency, transverse deformities, vertical maxillary excess and facial asymmetry) presented to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery during 2014-2016. Pre and post-operative 3DCT scan were taken after 12 months using iCT 256 slice whole body CT scanner and evaluated for changes using Dicom PMS D view. Results: Significant changes were observed in nasolabial angle after maxillary advancement (1.81°) and maxillary setback procedure (2.73°). The mentolabial angle was significantly increased with mandibular setback procedures (3.27°). Mandibular advancement procedures showed both increase (3.6°) and decrease (7.6°) in mentolabial angle. Conclusion: 3DCT showed a significant difference in perioral soft tissue changes in nasolabial and mentolabial angle but no significant change was observed in lip width. 3DCT is a reliable tool for 3D assessment. The conventional thought of changes in Nasolabial angle after surgery is changing due to the underlying factors which should be considered for prediction.
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Srivastava, Neelesh Kumar, Tarun Sharma, P. Narayana Prasad, Anupa Rawat, and Sumit Joshi. "Angular Photogrammetric Analysis for a Young Adult Garhwali Population." Current Trends in Dentistry 1, no. 1 (2024): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ctd.ctd_4_24.
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Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study is to quantify the average parameters that define the soft-tissue facial profile of a young adult Garhwali population of age 18–21 by means of angular measurement on standardized photographs. Materials and Methods: A sample of 50 Garhwali individuals (25 males and 25 females) between 18 and 21 years of age was obtained with a class I dental relationship. The photographic set-up consisted of a tripod that held a digital SLR camera. The photographic records of the subjects were taken in natural head posture. The obtained records were digitized and analyzed using the Digimizer software program. Twelve measurements were digitally analyzed on each photograph. For statistical evaluation, Student’s-t-test was performed and reliability of the method was analyzed. The results were compared with established soft-tissue profile photogrammetric norms. Results: The Student’s t-test was applied to all variables to determine the influence of sex in the measurements. Two of the angles showed sexual differences: nasofrontal (G–N–Prn, P = 0.001) and mentolabial angle (Li–Sm–Pg, P = 0.002). Nasofrontal angle was found wider in the females while mentolabial angle was found be wider in the males. Conclusion: Orthodontist has the ability to alter facial features and must analyze the soft-tissue facial profile and compare it with standard measurements of the soft- tissue facial profile. The sample’s mean values can be compared against records of participants using the same photogrammetric technique and sharing the same attributes. The results showed sexual differences in two of the measurements: the nasofrontal and mentolabial angle.
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Chibelean (Cires-Marginean), Manuela, Anamaria Jurcă, Sorana-Maria Bucur, Monica-Cristina Muica (Nagy-Bota), and Mariana Păcurar. "Facial Profile Characteristics Evaluation in a Population of Central Romania Region." Acta Medica Marisiensis 60, no. 2 (2014): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amma-2014-0012.
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Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the variables that define the facial profile of a sample of the population in the centre of Romania, and to compare male’s and female’s soft tissue profile. These values could be useful in elaborating the aesthetic objectives for treating the population in this area. Material and methods: Fifty subjects were included in the study - patients and students of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureș (29 females and 21 males) between 18 to 28 years of age, having dental class I and a balanced profile. The photographs were taken in the natural head position (NHP). The anthropometric points were recorded and four of the angles that characterize a harmonious profile were traced and measured: the nasofrontal angle (G-N-Nd), the nasolabial angle (Cm-Sn-Ls), the mentolabial angle (Li-Sm-Pg), and the facial angle (G-Sn-Pg). Results: The values obtained for the two sexes were compared using the t-student test. All angles had values that were larger for females (nasofrontal: females 137.1 degrees, males 135.79 degrees, p = 0.0019; nasolabial: females 105.3 degrees, males 102.19 degrees, p = 0.00002; mentolabial angle: females 126.07 degrees, males 118.27 degrees, p = 0.000009; facial angle: females 170.32 degrees, males 168.85 degrees, p = 0.0033). Conclusions: Differences between the two sexes were obtained, all angles were statistically significant larger in females. These results show that for the population in the centre of Romania the treatment objectives are different for females and for males. The angular values range between those that characterize the Caucasian population.
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Akter, Lubna, and Md Zakir Hossain. "Angular Photogrammetric Soft Tissue Facial Profile Analysis of Bangladeshi Young Adults." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 7 (December 1, 2017): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.219434.
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Introduction Angular photogrammetric soft tissue facial profile analysis provides a permanent record for the actual appearance of a person, which would also serve to establish an ideal esthetic treatment goal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the average angular variables that define the soft tissue facial profile of a Bangladeshi sample. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Bangladesh, from July to December 2015. Soft tissue facial profiles of 200 participants (100 males and 100 females) between 18 and 25 years of age, with a dental Class I occlusal relationship and harmonious soft tissue profile, were selected by convenience sampling among students, doctors, and patients of Dhaka Dental College. Standardized photographs of 200 samples were taken in the natural head position. The photographic records were analyzed with the software for Windows, Microsoft Visio 2007, Standard Edition. All data were analyzed through standard methods using Statistical Package for the Statistical Package for Social Science Software (SPSS Version-20, IBM Corp, USA). Results The average angular measurements for nasofrontal, total facial angle, facial angle, upper lip angle, projection of lower lip to chin, and mentolabial angle were wider in females. The mean value for nose tip angle, nasolabial angle, nasomental angle, and projection of upper lip to chin angle was higher in males compared to females. Nasofrontal angle (G-N-Nd) (P = 0.000) and mentolabial angle (Li-Sm-Pg) (P = 0.001) showed statistically significant differences. The greatest variability was found for mentolabial angle. Conclusion The study of angular photogrammetric soft tissue facial profile analysis of Bangladeshi young adults contributes to the establishment of standardized normal values for the population. This study provides data which can be used in treatment planning by specialists such as orthodontists, prosthodontists, plastic surgeons, and maxillofacial surgeons, who have the capability to change the soft tissue facial features.
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Lisboa Macedo, Kemerson, and Helen Cristina Maurício Milagre Diniz. "AESTHETIC AND FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE MENTOLABIAL GROOVE IN THE OROFACIAL HARMONIZATION OF THE MENTAL REGION." Health and Society 2, no. 04 (2022): 224–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/hs.v2i04.1044.
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There have been many techniques and approaches in the treatment of orofacial harmonization of the lower third of the face, however, in many cases, the mentolabial sulcus area does not receive due attention in this process. Therefore, the objective of this study is to carry out a case report that analyzes the aesthetic and functional parameters of the mentolabial sulcus in the orofacial harmonization of the chin region for a more complete and efficient facial rejuvenation. In order to reach the proposed objective, a clinical case report was made with a female patient, with no history of alcoholism and smoking, in good health. The patient underwent anamnesis, clinical examination and proposed, for her case, the use of three syringes of hyaluronic acid of a known brand, in the middle and lower thirds of the face. At the end of the treatment, the patient presented greater luminosity in the filled areas, a good reduction of facial creases and an expressive rejuvenation of the chin region, where a decrease in shadows and an increase in the mentolabial angle can be observed. From that case, a detailed study of the aesthetic and functional parameters of the mentolabial sulcus in orofacial harmonization was carried out, from which important conclusions can be drawn.
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Celebi, Ahmet Arif, Enes Tan, Ibrahim Erhan Gelgor, Tugba Colak, and Erdem Ayyildiz. "Comparison of Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms between Turkish and European-American Adults." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/806203.
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One of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is the evaluation of the patient’s soft tissue profile. The main purpose of this study was to develop soft-tissue cephalometric standards for Turkish men and women and compare them with the cephalometric standards of normal European-American white people. The sample included 96 Turkish adults (48 women, 48 men), aged 20 to 27 years. Turkish subjects have increased facial convexity associated with retruded mandible, more obtuse lower face-throat angle, increased nasolabial angle and upper lip protrusion, deeper mentolabial sulcus, and smaller interlabial gap compared with European-American white people. It is appropriate to consider these differences during routine diagnosis and treatment planning of a Turkish patient or an American patient of European ancestry. Turkish males reveal more obtuse mandibular prognathism and upper lip protrusion, and smaller nasolabial angle than females.
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Huang, Yi-Ping, and Wei-ran Li. "Correlation between objective and subjective evaluation of profile in bimaxillary protrusion patients after orthodontic treatment." Angle Orthodontist 85, no. 4 (2014): 690–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/070714-476.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate the objective cephalometric measurements with subjective facial esthetics in patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 60 Asian-Chinese patients with bimaxillary protrusion who met the inclusion criteria. The facial esthetics of posttreatment profile and the change of profile on standardized lateral photographs were rated by a panel of 10 orthodontists and a panel of 10 lay persons with bimaxillary protrusion. All of the pretreatment and posttreatment cephalograms were digitized and traced. Twenty-five cephalometric measurements were constructed and analyzed. Correlations between the subjective facial esthetic scores and each cephalometric measurement were evaluated. Results: The cephalometric measurements correlated with the facial esthetic scores of posttreatment profile given by the orthodontist and the lay persons were basically the same. For the evaluation of posttreatment profile in bimaxillary protrusion patients, the upper and lower lip to E-line, upper and lower incisor tip to AP plane, Pg-NB distance, mentolabial angle, and sulcus depth correlated significantly with the esthetic score. For the evaluation of profile change during orthodontic treatment, retraction of upper incisor relative to AP plane or the perpendicular line through sella (line Y), change of upper incisor inclination, change of mentolabial sulcus depth, and retraction of lips relative to E-line were correlated positively with the esthetic value. Conclusions: Cephalometric measurements of lip position, incisor position, and chin morphology were key parameters correlated to facial esthetics.
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Magalhães, Paulo Sérgio Toledo de, Weber José da Silva Ursi, and Luiz Kiyoaki Okazaki. "Tratamento de maloclusão de Angle de Classe II com aparelho de Fränkel (FR-2)." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia de Porto Alegre 38, no. 1 (1997): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2177-0018.7818.
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Através da literatura compulsada, procurou-se evidenciar os efeitos de tratamento com o Regulador Funcional de Fränkel(FR-2) em pacientes com maloclusão de Classe II. Verificou-se ser quase unânime a apinião que o FR-2 tem uma mínima influência no crescimento maxilar e em relação ao crescimento e grau de protrusão mandibular observou-se ser significantemente maior que em grupos controle, ocorrendo uma melhora na relação maxilomandibular. Constatou-se haver a manutenção da posição vertical da maxila e do padrão de crescimento, enquanto que, as alturas faciais ântero-inferior e posterior tenderam a aumentar em relação ao grupo controle. Os incisivos superiores inclinaram para palatino e os inferiores para vestibular. Em relação as dimensões transversais da maxila e mandíbula, estas apresentam um aumento em relação ao grupo controle. O perfil tegumentar não demonstrou alterações significativas quanto ao lábio superior, pequeno aumento do ângulo nasolabial e significativo aumento do sulco mentolabial.
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Halych, Liudmyla V., та Liudmyla B. Halych. "IMPACT OF MALOCCLUSION OF CLASS ІІ1 ACCORDING TO ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATION METHOD ON FACIAL ESTHETICS". Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, № 7 (2021): 1600–1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202107109.
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The aim: There is no information on the esthetic features of the face, which are typical of the patients with late mixed occlusion with maxillodental anomalies of Angle’s class II1 depending on the types of mandible growth in domestic and foreign literature. To study the esthetic peculiarities in the face profile, which are typical of the patients aged 10-13 with maxillodental anomalies of Angle’s class II1 with different types of mandible growth. Materials and methods: 55 patients aged 10-13 with maxillodental anomalies of Angle’s class II1 were examined. Teenagers were divided into five groups depending on the type of mandible growth. 82 photostatic images in profile were analyzed. Soft tissue analysis was performed using the Viasis method. Results: Face profile was studied based on the following indicators: convexity angle of the face profile Viazis (<V), profile angle by Schwarz (<T), the angle of the face profile shape (<gl-UL -pg), Th-me / NoV angle, nasolabial angle, labial angle (<L), mentolabial angle. Conclusions: Photometric study in 55 patients aged 10-13 with maxillodental anomalies of Angle’s class I and analysis of the results depending on the types of mandible growth prove the presence of a retrogenic type of the lower third of the face, convex shape of the profile, the development of posterior bite of varying severity. All patients were reported to have changes in the indicators of the lips position and non-harmonious development of their faces. The greatest esthetic changes were reported in the group of patients with a component of horizontal type of mandible growth.
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Karki, Angelica, Hui-Yong Xu, Bu-Ling WU, Sagar Panthi, and Suyachha Chettri. "Photographic Analysis of Aesthetically Pleasant Facial Profile in Aryan Group of Nepalese Population." Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 2 (2020): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v2i2.196.
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Background: Facial aesthetics has been considered as the most significant factor for individual. The aim of the study was to identify the standard linear and angular measurement of facial profile in Aryan group of Nepalese population so as to set up aesthetic treatment goal.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done in fifty-seven subjects (27: females and 30: males, from 17-30 years). The landmarks were marked and two most commonly used lines were taken as reference lines E-line and S-line and seven facial angles were measured: Total Facial Convexity Angle (G-Prn-Pog), Facial Convexity Angle (G-Sn-Pog), Nasofacial Angle (G-Pog-N-Prn), Nasolabial Angle (Ls-Sn-Cm), Mentolabial Angle (Pog-B-Li),Nasofrontal Angle (G-N-Nd) and Nose tip Angle (N-Prn-Cm).Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21. To assess anterior-posterior relationship of upper and lower lips judged by E-line and S-line were determined using correlation co-efficient (r). Likewise, to compare the angular measurement between males and females were determined using Mann-Whitney U test. Result: The anterior-posterior position of upper lip and lower lip judged by E-line were -3.78±0.67 mm and -1.92±0.61 mm respectively whereas upper and lower lips judged by S-line were 0.18±0.58 mm and 0.06±0.44 mm respectively. Statistically significant (p<0.001) strong correlation(r) was found between upper lip to E-line and S-line (0.999) and between lower lip to E-line and S-line. Out of seven angular parameters, four parameters showed gender dimorphism which means statistically significant difference (p<0.001) were seen in Nasofrontal Angle.Conclusion: Either one of the reference line can be used for evaluation of facial profile at the time of diagnosis. The parameters calculated by photographic analysis serve as a comparing guide for setting up aesthetic treatment plan and can be used both before and after orthodontic treatment.
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Bittencourt, Marcos Alan Vieira, Arthur Costa Rodrigues Farias, and Marcelo de Castellucci e. Barbosa. "Conservative treatment of a Class I malocclusion with 12 mm overjet, overbite and severe mandibular crowding." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 17, no. 5 (2012): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512012000500007.
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INTRODUCTION: A female patient aged 12 years and 2 months had molars and canines in Class II relationship, severe overjet (12 mm), deep overbite (100%), excessive retroclination and extrusion of the lower incisors, upper incisor proclination, with mild midline diastema. Both dental arches appeared constricted and a lower arch discrepancy of less than -6.5 mm. Facially, she had a significant upper incisors display at rest, interposition and eversion of the lower lip, acute nasolabial angle and convex profile. OBJECTIVE: To report a clinical case consisting of Angle Class I malocclusion with deep overbite and overjet in addition to severe crowding treated with a conservative approach. METHODS: Treatment consisted of slight retraction of the upper incisors and intrusion and protrusion of the lower incisors until all crowding was eliminated. RESULTS: Adequate overbite and overjet were achieved while maintaining the Angle Class I canine and molar relationships and coincident midlines. The facial features were improved, with the emergence of a slightly convex profile and lip competence, achieved through a slight retraction of the upper lip and protrusion of the lower lip, while improving the nasolabial and mentolabial sulcus. CONCLUSIONS: This conservative approach with no extractions proved effective and resulted in a significant improvement of the occlusal relationship as well as in the patient's dental and facial aesthetics.
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Landázuri, Denise Rocha Goes, Dirceu Barnabé Raveli, Ary dos Santos-Pinto, Luana Paz Sampaio Dib, and Savana Maia. "Changes on facial profile in the mixed dentition, from natural growth and induced by Balters' bionator appliance." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 2 (2013): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000200022.
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the facial profile changes induced by Balters' bionator appliance in Class II division 1 patients, at mixed dentition stage. METHODS: The sample consisted of 28 prepubertal individuals at stages 1 and 2 of skeletal maturation (CVM), which were divided in two groups. The experimental group consisted of 14 individuals (7 boys and 7 girls, initial mean age of 8y12m) which were treated with Balters' bionator appliance for 14.7 months. The effects of treatment were compared to a control group of 14 subjects (7 boys and 7 girls, initial mean age of 8y5m) with Class II malocclusion, division 1, not orthodontically treated, which were followed up for 15.4 months. The statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test, at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The results showed that the Balters' bionator appliance promoted a significant increase on the mentolabial angle, in addition to demonstrating a tendency to reduce the facial skeletal convexity, to restrict the maxillary growth and to increase the nasolabial angle and the lower anterior facial height. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the Balters' bionator appliance improved the facial profile of children treated at mixed dentition stage.
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Danilova, M. A., P. V. Ishmurzin, and A. M. Konkova. "“Critical” values of parameters of facial profile esthetics." Perm Medical Journal 40, no. 3 (2023): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj40336-43.
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Objective. To carry out the expert assessment of the facial profile esthetics with transformation of angular parameters beyond the normal values.
 Materials and methods. The expert analysis enclosed 22 independent orthodontists (11 men, mean age 36.8 1.2 years; 11 women, mean age 35.3 2.2 years) using graphic schemes of male and female facial profiles with changed angular parameters.
 Results. It was established that the changed angular parameters of the facial profile beyond the borders of the referent intervals negatively influence the assessment of attractiveness of the profile. The analysis of expert evaluation curves detected the values, with which the facial profile is perceived as an unattractive: the profile angle in men 164 and 182, in women 160 and 178; the convexity angle of the face in men 16 and 2, in women 14 and 2; the nasolabial angle in men 120 and 70, in women 115 and 70; the mentolabial angle in men 150 and 90, in women 150 and 95; the convexity angle of the lips in men 150 and 85, in women 150 and 105; the nasofacial angle for both sexes 45 and 20. There exist also critical values of parameters, on reaching which the further change in the latter does not lead to the change in expert evaluation of extremely unattractive profile.
 Conclusions. When evaluating the facial profile esthetics, it is necessary to orientate oneself to the degree of deviation of parameters from the mean values taking into account the gender dimorphism. The presence of parameter with critical value has an extremely negative effect on the profile esthetics, which is characterized as extremely unattractive irrespective of the values of other parameters.
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Setiawan, S. C., R. Widayati, and S. Sumardi. "Correlation in changes in the upper and lower incisor inclinations toward the nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle in non-extraction Class I malocclusion orthodontic treatment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1073 (August 2018): 062002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1073/6/062002.
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Silva, Ana Maria Bettoni Rodrigues da, Laís Valencise Magri, Álvaro Augusto Junqueira Júnior, and Marco Antônio Moreira Rodrigues da Silva. "3D stereophotogrammetry facial analysis of Angle I subjects: gender comparison." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 44, no. 3 (2015): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.0039.
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Objective The aim of this study was to establish reference parameters for facial analysis in subjects with Angle’s Class I occlusion by means of stereophotogrammetry, comparing men and women. Material and method Twenty-six healthy young adults with Angle’s Class I occlusion volunteered to participate in the study, 15 males and 11 females, ages between 18 and 30 years old (22 years ± 5). These subjects were clinically examined to verify their type of occlusion. Twenty-five landmarks were performed in soft tissue, and those subjects underwent image capturing by the stereophotogrammetry technique, using the apparatus Vectra (M3-Canfield®). The following variables were measured in those images: naso-labial angle (C-Sn-Ls); (N-Prn-Pg); (N-Sn-Pg); mentolabial (Li-Ps-Pg); growth angle (T-Go-Pg), cheek area (T, Zy, Chk, Ch, Gn, Go), hemifaces' areas (T, Zy, Ft, Tr, N, Prn, C, Sn, Ls, Sto, Li Ps, Gn, Go), lip area, bilaterally (Ls, Cph, Ch, Li, Sto), and linear measurements of the lips and jaw. Result and conclusion The data were compared between genders (Student's t-test), and no statistically significant differences between groups (p>0.05) were found. Despite the limitations of this study, it is possible to conclude that, as there were no differences between men and women for the studied variables (angular, linear, and area), the data of the total sample (Class I) should be used as reference parameters in future studies. Additionally, the 3D stereophotogrammetry technique has proven to be a new possibility for facial analysis, which might be employed in several areas of dentistry.
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Bongaarts, Catharina A. M., Birte Prahl-Andersen, Ewald M. Bronkhorst, et al. "Infant Orthopedics and Facial Growth in Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate until Six Years of Age (Dutchcleft)." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46, no. 6 (2009): 654–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/08-034.1.
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Objective: To evaluate longitudinally the effect of infant orthopedics (IO) on dentofacial cephalometric variables in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients from 4 to 6 years of age. Design: Prospective two-arm randomized controlled clinical trial in three cleft palate centers in The Netherlands (Dutchcleft trial). Patients: Fifty-four children with complete UCLP. Interventions: Patients were divided randomly into two groups. Half of the patients (IO+) had IO until surgical closure of the soft palate at the age of ±52 weeks; the other half (IO−) received no intervention. Mean Outcome Measures: Cephalometric values representing soft tissue, hard tissue, and dental structures, measured on lateral headfilms made at 4 and 6 years of age. Results: In the IO+ group, 21 patients were analyzed; in the IO− group, 20 patients were analyzed at age 4 and 22 at age 6. No differences were found between IO+ and IO−, except for two measurements: The interincisal angle was larger and the mentolabial angle was smaller in the IO+ group. Conclusions: For infants with UCLP whose surgical management included soft palate repair at 12 months and delayed hard palate closure, cephalometric outcomes at ages 4 and 6 provide no indication for the type of IO used in this study.
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Daokar, Suchita, and Mitali Sharma. "A Systematic Review of Skeletal, Dental and Soft Tissue Treatment Effects of Twin Block Appliance." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 10, no. 1 (2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v10i1.31007.
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This systematic review aims to assess skeletal, dental and soft tissue treatment effects of the conventional Twin-block appliance compared to control in Class II malocclusion till date. The electronic databases of Medline, PubMed and Cochrane library were systematically searched until September 2019. The human studies that had used the conventional Twin block appliance with a control group evaluated by a Lateral Cephalogram were included. A total of 321 articles were examined. 10 articles were selected. Majority studies reported a significant improvement in the mandible and in the vertical height, maxillary restrictive effect was less consistently reported. A restrictive maxillary molar effect and an advancement in the mandibular molar has been suggested. Retroclination of the maxillary incisors and proclination of mandibular incisor inclination has been reported. There is some evidence to suggest a retrusive upper lip effect and a protrusive lower lip effect. Increase in Nasolabial angle and some decrease in the mentolabial sulcus to be expected. In conclusion the conventional Twin Block appliance have shown desirable skeletal, dental and soft tissue effects. However certain inevitable side effects are also seen mainly its effect on lower anterior proclination.
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Aphale, Hrushikesh. "Indian Board of Orthodontics Case Report: Management of a Skeletal Cl II Malocclusion Using Two-phase Treatment with a Standard Twin Block Appliance." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 53, no. 3 (2019): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301574219861790.
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NK, a 12-year-old male patient, presented with a Class II division 1 incisor relation on a Class II skeletal base with a decreased maxillomandibular plane angle and decreased face-height ratio. He had a convex profile, incompetent lips, lip trap, deep mentolabial sulcus, everted lower lip and a positive VTO (Visual Treatment Objective). Intraorally, he presented with bilaterally Angle’s Class II molar relation and canine relation, scissor bite in the region of first premolars bilaterally, a closed bite and a 13 mm overjet. He presented with mild spacing in the upper arch and mild crowding in the lower arch with a pronounced curve of Spee. This was further complicated as the LR6 was endodontically treated and temporarily restored; also, enamel hypoplasia was seen in all permanent first molar region. The treatment was carried out in two phases, Phase I involved growth modulation done with a twin block appliance, and Phase II was the postfunctional orthodontic phase for dental corrections and finishing and detailing of occlusion, which was done with a preadjusted edgewise appliance (0.022 × 0.028˝ slot) with MBT (McLaughlin, Bennett, Trevisi) prescription. The posttreatment results were highly satisfactory, showing improvement in facial esthetics and occlusal traits as well as good long-term stability as was evident in the 3-year retention records.
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Marchi, Paulo Guilherme Bittencourt, Juan Francisco Mariscal Muñoz, Felipe Gustavo de Bastiani, et al. "Long-term evaluation of soft tissue profile changes induced by Herbst appliance followed by fixed appliances." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 7 (2022): e33911729953. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i7.29953.
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The present investigation aimed to evaluate, by cephalometric analysis, the soft tissue profile changes in adolescents with Class II Division 1 malocclusion, treated with Herbst appliance (Stage I) and fixed appliances (Stage II), followed-up for an average of 4 years (Stage III). The adolescents were divided into two groups: treated group (TG) - 33 adolescents with Class II malocclusions (17 boys and 16 girls) consecutively treated with Herbst appliance and fixed appliances; control group (CG) - 28 adolescents (13 boys and 15 girls) with untreated Class II malocclusions. Lateral cephalograms were obtained immediately before (T1) and after (T2) Herbst treatment, after fixed appliances (T3), and on average, 4 years after orthodontic treatment. Intergroup comparison was evaluated by t or Mann-Whitney tests. The TG was evaluated by analysis of variance followed by Tukey test or Friedman test followed by Dunn’s test. Compared to the CG, the TG showed significant favorable changes at Stage I: decrease in facial convexity, upper lip retrusion, lower lip protrusion, improvement of soft tissue pogonion and increase in mentolabial angle. The total posttreatment period (T2-T4) of the TG showed: increase in H line-Prn, and upper and lower lips retrusion, while the others variables remained stable. This study suggests that Herbst therapy improved features of soft tissue facial profile, which were maintained after fixed appliances and for an average of 4 years posttreatment, although the convex facial characteristic has prevailed.
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Filipović, Gordana, Dušan Radmanović, and Nikola Stojanović. "Facial photogrammetric measurements as beauty landmarks." Acta stomatologica Naissi 40, no. 89 (2024): 2773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/asn2489773f.
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Introduction: Beauty and attractiveness of a person's facial features are very subjective and also influenced by many factors, such as cultural, social, and personal. It is due to many complex neural mechanisms, that we are able to perceive everything, and also decide if something is attractive or not. The most common and the most significant factors associated with good facial aesthetics are symmetry and proportions of the face. It is important to note that they can be thoroughly analysed using photogrammetry, which represents a non-invasive technique that involves using photographs or 3D imaging methods to capture and analyze the craniofacial structures and features for diagnostic, treatment planning, monitoring and research purposes. When it comes to photogrammetry, angular parameters such as nasofrontal, nasolabial, mentolabial and facial profile angle and linear parameters such as facial width to height ratio, nasal width, interocular and interpupillary distance, philtrum length, chin and forehead height of the face are of great importance. Aim: In this literature survey authors wanted to highlight if these measurements and parameters were enough for determining the beauty and attractiveness of a face if used on their own. Conclusion: Facial photogrammetry has several applications in the field of medicine, particularly in areas such as dermatology, orthodontics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery, due to the usage of angular and linear parameters, as well as other purposes. With many advancements and adjustments, it has become accurate and accessible and has also significantly improved diagnostics, patient care, treatments and outcomes in various cases in medicine and dentistry.
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Zuhair, Al-Nerabieah. "Changes in Nasolabial angle and Mentolabialangle after lips augmentation with hyaluronic acid: Clinical Study." November 12, 2020. https://doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-20000201.
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Background: The nose-lip-chin relationships are very important in determination of facial aesthetics. This study aim was to evaluate the effect of injection of fillers in lips using hyaluronic acid on nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle. Methods: A total of 25 females aged between 19 and 40 years were enrolled in this study. Hyaluronic acid was injected to improve their lips. The nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle were evaluated by comparing the photographs taken before the injection, two weeks after and two months after. AutoCAD 2017 engineering drawing program was used for image processing and dimensional calculation. The T-Student test for a paired sample was used to compare the measurements of the studied variables between the three time periods of the study. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p value <0.05) when using hyaluronic acid in lips augmentation on the nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle. Conclusions: The injection of hyaluronic acid for lips augmentation decreases both nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle. The amount of the decrease did not affect the aesthetic of the face in profile view. However, the amount of decrease in both the nasolabial angle and the mentolabial angle must be taken into consideration before injecting fillers into the lips.
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SUZEN, Muazzez, Emrah DİLAVER, Abdullah ÖZEL, and Sina UÇKAN. "How does Orthognathic surgery affect the Mentolabial Groove from the frontal view?" Selcuk Dental Journal, April 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1192760.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine how the mentolabial groove at the frontal view is affected by orthognathic surgery.
 Materials & Methods: Sixty-two patients were appointed into two groups (Group 1: Class II skeletal deformity, Group 2: Class III skeletal deformity). In each patient, pre and postoperative standardized sixth-month photos (lateral and frontal view) were obtained in natural head position to investigate mentolabial groove length (MGL), mentolabial groove depth (MGD), mentolabial groove angle (MGA) and mentolabial angle (MLA). 
 Results: Out of the 62 patients, 41 had Class III skeletal deformity (66.2%) and 21 Class II skeletal deformity (33.8%). In Group 1, the average ratio of MGL decreased significantly from 0.59±0.14 to 0.45±0.09 (p
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Sada, Maria Gabriela Peraldi, Luis Alberto Gonzalez Garcia, and Marco Antonio Martinez Martinez. "Aesthetic Perception to Different Facial Profiles—An Evaluation Based on Age, Sex, Educational Status, and Study Area." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, January 28, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/03015742251313957.
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Objectives This study aimed to determine the aesthetic preferences of profile silhouettes according to various soft tissue analyses commonly used in orthodontic practice. Methods For this observational study, lateral photographs were taken of two patients. Nasolabial and mentolabial angles were digitally altered in 20° increments, obtaining four photographic series, and a survey was carried out, recruiting 330 participants to evaluate their preferences according to these categories: very attractive, somewhat attractive, little attractive, and unattractive. The relationship between variables was evaluated using the chi-square test ( χ2) and Cohen’s d ( d) for effect size. Results Significant correlations were obtained between variables ( p < .001; p < .05). Female participants, those 23-33 years old, graduates, and those from Health Sciences obtained a higher prevalence when choosing the most balanced facial profile. Differences in the nasolabial angle were more detected. Conclusion There was a tendency to prefer profiles with a more open nasolabial angle and a flatter mentolabial sulcus in women. The variables that proved to have the most influence were educational status and age.
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Naini, Farhad B., Martyn T. Cobourne, Umberto Garagiola, Fraser McDonald, and David Wertheim. "Mentolabial angle and aesthetics: a quantitative investigation of idealized and normative values." Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 39, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40902-017-0102-8.
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Naik, Navami, Shivaprakash Gowdara, and Ayush Dixit. "Unified Denovo Multipurpose Analyzer." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, June 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03015742241258547.
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Tooth movement is affected by various factors like magnitude, direction, and the duration of the forces applied; the direction of force plays the most pivotal part. Orthopedic appliances have long been used to apply extraoral traction forces to entirely limit or redirect the growth of the maxilla and mandible. Here, we present a very simple and efficient device. The multipurpose analyzer (MPA) is used to locate the center of resistance of maxilla and maxillary dentition, giving a more accurate direction of force vector in facemask and headgear cases. It is also used as chairside device clinically to measure facial heights, nasolabial angle, mentolabial angle, and mandibular plane (MP), as well as to measure cephalometrically MP, Frankfort horizontal (FH)–MP, palatal plane (PP)–MP, occlusal plane (OP), and MP during analysis.
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Foroughi, Ramin, Oveis Khakbaz, and Mehrdad Maneshi. "Middle and Lower Facial Soft Tissue Changes after Maxillary Advancement through Conventional or High Le Fort I Osteotomy: A Case Series Study." Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Research, October 23, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jcr.v6i1.1629.
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Introduction
 Maxillary advancementis applied extensively for malocclusion class III correction.This procedure is done using one of the two methods, Conventional or High.
 Maxilla moves in both vertical and horizontal and only in the horizontal directions in Conventional and High method respectively, so expecting a difference in facialsoft tissue changes. In present study is a case series that describes this issue.
 Materials and Methods: The cases included 30 patients with class III malocclusion due to maxillary deficiency, whom underwent Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol, Iran during 1995 to 1995. According to surgical technique, the cases were placed in group 1 (Conventional) or group 2 (High). Maxillary advancement and changes in hard and soft tissue of the middle and lower facial regions where measured through tracing on the lateral cephalometry. Intra-group and inter-group statistical comparisons were done using SPSS20 software at significance level as 0.05. Result: The pre-surgical mean size of SNA, SNB, nasolabial and mentolabial angles was similar in two groups. In all patients, after surgery, SNA angle size was increased and SNB، nasolabial and Mentolabial angles size were decreased. The mean value of these change was similar in two groups. In group 2, the displacement of point A ‘(mean difference: 1.30 mm) and Labrale Superius (mean difference: 1.40 mm) were significantly more than group 1. The amount of displacement of SN (mean difference: 1.30 mm), Labrale Inferius (mean difference: 0.88 mm) and Pogonion (mean difference: 0.23 mm) points in group 2 was higher than that of group 1, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: It is needed strong evidence for decision about selecting High or Conventional approach maxillary advancement in terms of facial aesthetic aspects. So, further studies with larger sample sizes and cohort or quasi-experimental design is suggested
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Cao, Congcong, Xue Xu, Heng Yin, Qian Zheng, Chao Xu, and Bing Shi. "Cephalometric Soft Tissue Morphology of Adults With Unoperated Submucous Cleft Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, May 9, 2022, 105566562211001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10556656221100125.
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The aim of this study was to compare craniofacial soft tissue characteristics between subjects with unrepaired submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and noncleft individuals. This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 27 subjects with unrepaired SMCP (13 male and 14 female subjects; mean age, 21.77 ± 4.09 years) and 30 noncleft controls (14 male and 16 female subjects; mean age, 22.67 ± 4.28 years). The predictor variable was cleft deformity. The outcome variable was cephalometric soft tissue measurements. Other study variables were gender and age. Independent samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for intergroup comparison. P value was set at .05. Significant differences were observed in the facial profile angle, total facial profile angle, soft tissue A-N-B angle, nasal base prominence, upper lip length, lower lip protrusion, and the ratio of upper lip length to mentolabial height between subjects with unoperated SMCP and noncleft controls. The primary deformity of the cleft palate leads to unsatisfactory facial soft tissue morphology, especially in the middle facial region.
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Möhlhenrich, Stephan Christian, Florian Kötter, Florian Peters, et al. "Effects of different surgical techniques and displacement distances on the soft tissue profile via orthodontic-orthognathic treatment of class II and class III malocclusions." Head & Face Medicine 17, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13005-021-00264-4.
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Abstract Background Orthognathic surgery can be carried out using isolated mandibular or maxillary movement and bimaxillary procedures. In cases of moderate skeletal malocclusion, camouflage treatment by premolar extraction is another treatment option. All these surgical procedures can have a different impact on the soft tissue profile. Methods The changes in the soft tissue profile of 187 patients (Class II: 53, Class III: 134) were investigated. The treatment approaches were differentiated as follows: Class II: mandible advancement (MnA), bimaxillary surgery (MxS/MnA), upper extraction (UpEX), or Class III: maxillary advancement (MxA), mandible setback (MnS), bimaxillary surgery (MxA/MnS), and lower extraction (LowEX) as well as the extent of skeletal deviation (moderate Wits appraisal: − 7 mm to 7 mm, pronounced: Wits <− 7 mm, > 7 mm, respectively). This resulted in five groups for Class II treatment and seven groups for Class III treatment. Results In the Class II patients, a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between UpEX and moderate MnA was found for facial profile (N′-Prn-Pog’), soft tissue profile (N′-Sn-Pog’), and mentolabial angle (Pog’-B′-Li). In the Class III patients, a statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) occurred between LowEX and moderate MxA for facial profile (N′-Prn-Pog’), soft tissue profile (N′-Sn-Pog’), upper and lower lip distacne to esthetic line (Ls/Li-E-line), and lower lip length (Sto-Gn’). Only isolated significant differences (p < 0.05) were recognized between the moderate surgical Class II and III treatments as well between the pronounced Class III surgeries. No statistical differences were noticed between moderate and pronounced orthognathic surgery. Conclusions When surgery is required, the influence of orthognathic surgical techniques on the profile seems to be less significant. However, it must be carefully considered if orthognathic or camouflage treatment should be done in moderate malocclusions as a moderate mandibular advancement in Class II therapy will straighten the soft tissue profile much more by increasing the facial and soft tissue profile angle and reducing the mentolabial angle than camouflage treatment. In contrast, moderate maxillary advancement in Class III therapy led to a significantly more convex facial and soft tissue profile by decreasing distances of the lips to the E-Line as well as the lower lip length.
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Aziz, Anum, Qasim Khalid, Muhammad Fayyaz Nafees, Saadia Ata, Kashif Haroon, and Nida Habib. "Photographic Analysis of Facial Soft Tissue by Angular and Proportional Measurements in Adult Pakistani Population." Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, May 31, 2024, 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i05.1433.
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An important requisite of orthodontic treatment is achieving well balanced, pleasant face. Precise diagnosis and treatment planning, on facial hard and soft tissue norms basis, is fundamental for that purpose. Objective: To use photogrammetry technique on standardized photographs, and determination of mean angular and proportional parameters defining characteristics of facial soft tissue, on an adult Pakistani population. Methods: A cross sectional study, on 78 subjects from OPD and students of FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry, were selected. Data were entered and SPSS 2.0 was used for analysis. Mean and standard deviations were used for the quantitate variables used in the study. To control confounders with respect to age and gender, stratification was done and independent t-test was used, taking statistically significant p-value at ≤ 0.05. Results: All parameters were statistically insignificant on the basis of gender and age. The average values of nasolabial angle, angle of facial convexity and facial height proportion were greater in males than in females. The mean values of mentolabial angle, lower face to total face height and facial index were found to be greater in females as compared to males. Conclusions: This study concluded that gender and age based average values for angular and proportional parameters should be used while planning cases for Pakistani population for orthodontic treatment.
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Siqueira, Gabriela Leticia Clavisio, Cristiano Tonello, Adriano Porto Peixoto, et al. "Robin Sequence Facial Profile After Conservative Treatment: A Long-Term Follow-Up." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, November 6, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000009749.
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Introduction: Robin sequence (RS) is a congenital clinical condition characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and respiratory distress. Conservative methods could be responsible for releasing feeding and respiratory impairment but little information about mandibular growth is known in long-term follow-up. Objective: Assessing the longitudinal behavior of the facial profile of individuals with isolated RS who underwent conservative micrognathia treatment using photographs during the whole craniofacial growth. Methods: Photographs of the right facial profile of 100 patients were used (50 individuals with isolated RS and 50 individuals without craniofacial anomaly). The individuals with RS were evaluated at 3 different times (T1: infant, T2: mixed dentition, T3: permanent dentition) by measuring the facial convexity angle (FCA; G.Sn.Pog´). A comparison between T3 and control group (C), individuals without craniofacial anomalies and in permanent dentition, was also performed, checking the FCA, nasolabial angle (Ls.Sn.Cm), mentolabial fold (Li.Si.Pog´), facial inferior third (Sn.Gn´.C) angles and the ratio between middle anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height. Results: The T3 group showed an increased angle of facial convexity and increased facial inferior third angle and middle anterior facial height/lower anterior facial height ratio compared with the control group. In the longitudinal evaluation of individuals with isolated RS, significant differences were identified between T1 and T2 groups and T1 and T3 groups showing that the increased facial convexity was higher in the infants and that did not change significantly between the phases of mixed and permanent dentition. Conclusions: RS showed increased facial convexity in all phases evaluated, but their convexity decreased with growth. When compared with individuals without craniofacial anomalies, the individuals continue to exhibit retrognathism in the permanent dentition. The lack of a mandible projection has led to a considerable number of orthognathic surgeries for the correction of discrepancies.
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Rao, Srerama Janardhana, and Spandana Valapula. "Soft Tissue Treatment Goals for Orthodontic Patients- A Photogrammetric Analysis of Facial Profile for Soft Tissue Norms and Gender Variations in Young Adults, Hyderabad, India." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2022/55518.16362.
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Introduction: An average face is always more aesthetic than an atypical face, so setting soft tissue treatment goals for male and female orthodontic patients required local norms, like average measurements of local aesthetically pleasing profile is more important than adopting universal norms. Aim: To obtain angular and average measurements of softtissue facial profiles for males and females in young adults of Hyderabad, India. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, India, from the December 2007 to January 2010. The study included 104 aesthetically pleasing individuals between the age group of 16 years to 25 years (42 male and 62 female) selected by Orthodontists and laypersons, facial profile photographs were taken with standardized photographic set up with camera using 100 mm macrolens. Photographs were traced and 12 angular measurements were taken. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using software MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) mean, maximum, minimum value, standard deviation and confidence intervals were calculated. Student’s t-test was done to determine sexual dimorphism, and p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total of 104 subjects (42 male subjects; mean age :21.4 years and 62 female subjects; mean age: 19.6 years) were analysed. There was a statistically (p-value <0.05) significant sexual dimorphism in seven of the angular measurements were noted. The nasofrontal (females-141o ±4.8o , males-137.86o ±5.2o ), nasal angle (females -84.4±9o , males-80.7o ±6.9o ), vertical nasal (males-32.08o ±3.3o , females-28.33o ±3.636o ), nasal dorsal angle (males-180.19o ±7.112o , females-174.43o ±6.648o ), cervicomental angle (females-98.41o ±5.4o , males-95.7o ±5.1o ), angle of facial convexity (females-173.2o ±4.4o , males-169.6o ±54.8o ), and angle of total facial convexity (females-149o ±4.6o , males144.4o ±5.2o ), showed sexual dimorphism. In the present study, large variability was observed with the nasolabial (p-value=0.314), and mentolabial (p-value=0.798) angles. Conclusion: Successful orthodontic treatment is mainly measured by patient appraisal only, this can be obtained by giving the locally more aesthetically pleasing facial profile to the patient, setting soft tissue facial profile treatment goals to native individuals is far more important than following universal norms in the total benefit of the patients.
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Hatal, Sedanur, and Suleyman Kutalmış Buyuk. "Relationship of psychosociocultural factors with dental malocclusion and facial appearance." APOS Trends in Orthodontics, December 2, 2022, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/apos_120_2022.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between psychosociocultural factors and dental malocclusion, facial appearance, and body perception. Material and Methods: The study was carried out with the participation of 112 female and 113 male individuals between the ages of 18 and 25. Individuals were asked to answer the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Physical Appearance Comparison Scale Revised, and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire 4-Revised questionnaires. Individuals were divided into three groups Class I, Class II, and Class III according to dental molar relationships. Standard facial and profile photographs of individuals in all groups were taken and soft-tissue measurements were performed. Results: There was no significant psychosociocultural difference between male and female individuals. However, individuals with Class III dental malocclusion compare their physical appearance more than other malocclusion groups and more experience body dissatisfaction (P > 0.05). Individuals with Class III dental malocclusion have higher lower face height, lower lip height, mentolabial angle, facial convexity angle, total facial convexity angle values, and lower forehead height/lower face height, nose height/lower face height ratio, and projection of the upper lip relative to the chin. Individuals with Class II dental malocclusion have lower chin height and anterior mandibular height/lower face height ratio, higher upper lip height/lower face height ratio, and upper lip height/anterior mandibular height ratio. Individuals with Class I dental malocclusion have a lower upper face height/lower face height ratio. Conclusion: Dental malocclusion groups have different facial soft tissue properties. Dental malocclusion and the facial appearance of individuals affect their lives in terms of psychosociocultural aspects.
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Jokar, Farideh, Maryam Hadibarhaghtalab, Hengameh Kasraei, S. Yasamin Parvar, Vahid Seifi, and Zahra Vojdani Jahromi. "Anthropometric and Angular Measurements in Healthy Persian Females in Comparison to the Golden Ratio." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 24, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.16777.
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ABSTRACTIntroductionAnthropology is the scientific exploration of the human body morphology. The present study aims to establish the anthropometric norms among young Persian ethnic women and compare them with golden proportion, a mathematical formula in facial esthetics.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was performed on Persian women between July 2020 and January 2021. Persian women were randomly selected based on the inclusion criteria of the study. Two standard photos were taken of each participant in profile and frontal angle, and then the anthropometric ratios were extracted and compared in different groups.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐five Persian women aged 20–50 years with an average age of 32.4 ± 7.09 were included. The golden ratio in Fars ethnicity was 1.79 ± 0.24. Forehead height I significantly increased with age (p value = 0.03). Philtrum length also showed a significant age‐related increase (p value = 0.001). Lower and upper lip heights increased with age (p value = 0.002). Our results revealed statistically significant differences in the mean labial fissure width among the three age groups (p value = 0.009). Lower vermilion height significantly decreased with increasing age (p value = 0.028). The mentolabial and nasal dorsum angles exhibited significant differences among the age groups (p value = 0.002). Furthermore, the jaw and chin angles were notably lower in the younger age groups (p value = 0.047 and 0.001, respectively). When comparing different ethnicities, the Turk ethnicity stood out as having a significantly higher chin angle.ConclusionIn conclusion, the present study challenges the universality of the golden ratio, with Persian females demonstrating a closer adherence to a ratio of 1.75 and recommending a modified golden ratio for Middle Eastern. Our findings also highlight the importance of considering age‐related changes in cosmetic interventions, particularly lip and forehead dimensions.
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Moreira, Isabela dos Santos, Mirela Cristina Da Silva, Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves, and Laís Valencise Magri. "ANALYSIS OF THE ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE SMILE USING 3D STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRY." Revista Brasileira de Odontologia Legal 9, no. 3 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.21117/rbol-v9n32022-473.
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3D stereophotogrammetry makes the analysis of facial soft tissues possible, and has the potential to contribute to human identification processes. Nowadays, the images available through social networks are composed of a significant amount of smile photos, making techniques such as 3D stereophotogrammetry relevant. The objective of the present study was to quantitatively analyze the anthropometric measurements of the smile through 3D stereophotogrammetry, including area, angular, and linear measurements. Anatomical landmarks were used to make possible the area, angular, and linear measurements. The sample consisted of 27 volunteers, 13 female and 14 male, both in the 19-25 age group, resulting in a mean age of 22.3±1.9 and 23.3±1.5, respectively. The anatomical landmarks were marked on the face of the volunteers using a black eyeliner, and the photographs were taken using the 3D stereophotogrammetry technique (Vectra H1, Canfield, NY, USA), being 3 photographs with a spontaneous smile and 3 at rest, right lateral, left lateral and frontal of each. Among the results of the comparison between genders and the photo/smile relation of the statistical analysis, variables such as the mentolabial angle and the vermilion height of the upper lip showed significant p-values of 0.046 and 0.014, respectively. It can be concluded that anthropometric measurements of three-dimensional smile images can be performed with the use of 3D stereophotogrammetry, with the purpose of contributing to facial identification methods.
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Punyanirun, Kulnipa, and Chairat Charoemratrote. "Impact of Overjet Severity and Skeletal Divergence on the Perioral Soft Tissue Area." Natural and Life Sciences Communications 23, no. 3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/nlsc.2024.032.
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Overjet (OJ) and skeletal divergence affect the perioral soft tissue. However, no previous study has investigated the combined effects on perioral soft tissue, which includes the upper lip (UL), lower lip (LL), and chin projection. We explored the impact of OJ severity and skeletal divergence on the perioral soft tissue. Lateral cephalograms of 133 untreated skeletal Class II adult patients were allocated into three categories according to the degree of skeletal divergence: hypodivergence (Hypo), normodivergence (Normo), and hyperdivergence (Hyper). Furthermore, OJ was classified as normal OJ (NOJ), moderately excessive OJ (MEOJ), and severely excessive OJ (SEOJ). A matrix of skeletal divergence and OJ variables produced the following groups: NOJ-Hypo, MEOJ-Hypo, SEOJ-Hypo, NOJ-Normo, MEOJ-Normo, SEOJ-Normo, NOJ-Hyper, MEOJ-Hyper, and SEOJ-Hyper. The skeletal, dental, and soft tissue parameters were measured. Statistical analyses showed that increased hyperdivergence and OJ severity corresponded with a more retruded mandibular perioral soft tissue (MPST), except for the Pog’ in the SEOJ-Hypo group, which was insignificantly more prominent than the MEOJ-Hypo group. Unlike the LL, the UL was similar among the groups. Multiple regression indicated that greater OJ and skeletal divergence significantly influenced MPST retrusion and increased vermilion lower lip thickness (VLLT) while independently affecting deeper mentolabial sulcus depth (MSD) and a more obtuse lip-chin-throat angle (P < 0.05). The effect of OJ was most significant at the LL and gradually decreased down to the chin; conversely, divergence increased downwards. The SEOJ-Hyper group displayed the greatest retruded MPST, thickest VLLT, and deepest MSD, which highlighted the combined effect of OJ and divergence.
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Modabber, Ali, Tanja Baron, Florian Peters, et al. "Comparison of soft tissue simulations between two planning software programs for orthognathic surgery." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08991-7.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the soft tissue predicative abilities of two established programs depending on the surgical technique and amount of displacement. On the basis of 50 computed tomography images, 11 orthognathic operations with differences in displacement distances and technique (maxillary advancement, MxA; maxillary impaction, MxI; mandibular setback, MnS; mandibular advancement, MnA bimaxillary displacement, MxA/MnS) as well as corresponding soft tissue predictions were simulated using the programs Dolphin (D) and ProPlan (PP). For all the soft tissue predictions by the two programs, eight linear and two angular measurements were performed and compared. The simulation of maxillary impaction showed a similar soft tissue behaviour between the two programs. However, differences or divergent behaviours were observed for other procedures. In the middle third of the face these significant differences concerned in particular the nasolabial angle (Ns-Sn-Ls)(5 mm-MA, D: 119.9 ± 8.6° vs. PP: 129.5 ± 8.4°; 7 mm-MnS: D: 128.5 ± 8.2° vs. PP: 129.6 ± 8.1°; 10 mm-MnA D: 126.0 ± 8.0° vs. PP: 124.9 ± 8.4°; 5 mm-MxA/4 mm-MnS, D: 120.2 ± 8.7° vs. PP: 129.9 ± 8.3°; all p < 0.001) and in the lower third the mentolabial angle (Pog´-B´-Li) (5 mm-MA, D: 133.2 ± 11.4° vs. PP: 126.8 ± 11.6°; 7 mm-MnS: D: 133.1 ± 11.3° vs. PP: 124.6 ± 11.9°; 10 mm-MnA D: 133.3 ± 11.5° vs. PP: 146.3 ± 11.1°; bignathic 5 mm-MxA/4 mm-MnS, D: 133.1 ± 11.4° vs. PP: 122.7 ± 11.9°; all p < 0.001) and the distance of the inferior lip to the aesthetic Line (E-Line-Li) (5 mm-MA, D: 3.7 ± 2.3 mm vs. PP: 2.8 ± 2.5 mm; 7 mm-MnS: D: 5.1 ± 3.0 mm vs. PP: 3.3 ± 2.3 mm; 10 mm-MnA D: 2.5 ± 1.6 mm vs. PP: 3.9 ± 2.8 mm; bignathic 5 mm-MxA/4 mm-MnS, D: 4.8 ± 3.0 mm vs. PP: 2.9 ± 2.0 mm; all p < 0.001). The soft tissue predictions by the tested programs differed in simulation outcome, which led to the different, even divergent, results. However, the significant differences are often below a clinically relevant level. Consequently, soft tissue prediction must be viewed critically, and its actual benefit must be clarified.
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Свиридов, Е. Г., А. Ю. Дробышев, П. Н. Омарова та А. А. Хабибуллина. "Обоснование проведения гениопластики как этапа ортогнатической операции у пациентов со скелетными аномалиями и деформациями челюстей". Head and neck Russian Journal, № 1 (30 березня 2019). https://doi.org/10.25792/hn.2019.7.1.59-68.
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Цель исследования обоснование проведения гениопластики как этапа ортогнатической операции. Материал и методы. На базе кафедры челюстнолицевой и пластической хирургии Московского государственного медикостоматологического университета им. А.И. Евдокимова был проведен анализ 1332 историй болезни пациентов со скелетными аномалиями и деформациями челюстей. Из них 308 пациентам была проведена ортогнатическая операция в объеме Остеотомия верхней челюсти по ЛеФор I, межкортикальная остеотомия нижней челюсти с постановкой в ортогнатическое соотношение. Остеотомия подбородка . В исследуемую группу вошли 80 пациентов, фотографии в профиль которых были отобраны для проведения фотометрического анализа. Число мужчин со II скелетным классом составило 21 человек, с III скелетным классом 8. Число женщин со II скелетным классом составило 24 человека, с III скелетным классом 27. Для оценки эффективности проведения гениопластики были выбраны такие параметры, как ментолабиальный угол, подбородочношейный угол, угол выпуклости лица по G.A. Arnett и R.T. Bergman, лицевой угол, профильный угол T по Шварцу, расстояние от губ до линии В по C.J. Burston и до эстетической Eлинии R.M. Ricketts. Была дана оценка антропометрическим изменениям лиц пациентов через 6 месяцев после проведения хирургического этапа комбинированного лечения. Результаты. По данным антропометрического обследования, у женщин со II скелетным классом отмечалось статистически значимое различие до и после проведенной операции по 8 параметрам, у женщин с III скелетным классом отмечалось статистически значимое различие до и после проведенной операции по 5 параметрам. У мужчин со II скелетным классом отмечалось статистически значимое различие до и после проведенной операции по 8 параметрам, у мужчин с III скелетным классом отмечалось статистически значимое различие до и после проведенной операции по 4 параметрам. Ключевые антропометрические параметры, изменения которых обусловлены перемещением подбородочной части нижней челюсти, достигли нормальных значений после проведения хирургического этапа комбинированного лечения. Выводы. Таким образом, выполнение операции Остеотомия верхней челюсти по ЛеФор I, межкортикальная остеотомия нижней челюсти с постановкой в ортогнатическое соотношение в сочетании с остеотомией подбородка у пациентов со II и III скелетными классами позволяет достичь наиболее предсказуемого эстетического результата, а также в результате проведенного комплексного лечения у данных пациентов происходит нормализация ключевых морфометрических параметров, изменения которых обусловлены перемещением подбородочной части нижней челюсти. Objectives: to prove the rationale for genioplasty as a stage of orthognathic surgery. Material and methods: 1332 case histories of patients with skeletal abnormalities and deformities of the jaws who underwent treatment in the Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery of the MSUMD were analyzed. Of these, 308 patients had orthognathic surgery: osteotomy of the maxilla by Le Fort I, intercortical osteotomy of the mandible with orthognathic correlation, and chin osteotomy. The study group included 80 patients whose photographs in the profile were selected for photometric analysis. The number of males with skeleton grade II was 21, with skeleton grade III 8. The number of females with skeleton grade II was 24, and with skeleton grade III 27. To assess the effectiveness of genioplasty, such parameters as mentolabial angle, chinneck angle, the angle of the convexity of the face according to G.A. Arnett and R.T. Bergman, face angle, profile angle T according to Schwarz, distance from lips to line B along C.J. Burston and to the aesthetic Eline R.M. Ricketts were chosen. An assessment of the anthropometric changes in the patients faces was made 6 months after the surgical phase of the combined treatment.Results. According to the anthropometric survey, there was a statistically significant difference in 8 parameters in female patients with skeleton class II before and after surgery there was also a statistically significant difference in 5 parameters before and after surgery in females with skeleton class III. For males with Skeleton Class II, there was a statistically significant difference in 8 parameters before and after surgery, as well as for males with Skeleton Class III in 4 parameters, also statistically significant. The key anthropometric parameters, which changes are associated with the chin movement, have reached normal values after the surgical step of the combined treatment.Conclusion: Osteotomy of maxilla according to Le Fort I, intercortical mandibular osteotomy with orthognathic correlation in combination with osteotomy of the chin in patients with skeletal classes II and III allows achieving the most predictable aesthetic result. Complex treatment leads to normalization of key morphometric parameters.
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Nguyen, Le Minh Trang, Toai Nguyen, and Anh Chi Phan. "INVESTIGATE THE LATERAL MORPHOLOGY FEATURES OF THE SOFT TISSUES FACIAL PROFILE OF STUDENTS AT HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY." Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, June 2019, 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.34071/jmp.2019.4.14.
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Background: To survey the lateral morphology features of the soft tissues facial profile and identify some indicators, size of facial soft tissue of students at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional description research on 183 students of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, including 81 males and 102 females. The subjects were taken a photogrammetric to determine the lateral morphology features of the soft tissues facial profile. Results: Most of the lateral soft tissue angles in male were smaller than in females, with the exception of the cervicomental and two lips angles. The difference between men and women was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the total facial convexity, cervicomental, nasofrontal and mentolabial angles. The convex form was 94.0%. Conclusion: Most of the lateral soft tissue angles in male were smaller than in females, with the exception of the cervicomental and two lips angles.The convex form was majority. Key words: anthropometry, lateral morphology of the soft tissues facial profile, digital photo
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Al-Yousefi, Amal, Khaled Al- Haddad, Ammar Daer, and Mohammed A. Al-Labani. "Cephalometric comparison of dentofacial parameters between Yemeni and Caucasian adults." Brazilian Dental Science 24, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2021.v24i2.2454.
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Objective: The purposes of this research were to establish cephalometric standards for Yemeni adults and to compare them with those of the Caucasians. Material and Methods: 100 Yemeni students (fifty males, mean age of 23.6 ± 2.1 years, and fifty female, mean age of 21.5 ± 3.1 years) with normal occlusions and wellbalanced faces were involved in the study. Inclusion criteria were a class I malocclusion with minor or no crowding, the whole teeth is present except third molars and no previous orthodontic, orthopedic or maxillofacial surgery treatment. Five angular and eighteen linear measurements were used for the skeletal, dental and soft tissue analysis. All participant’s lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated. The average values and standard deviations for all the angles and linear measurements were determined. The differences for each measurement between the Yemeni and Caucasian participants were calculated using unpaired t–tests. Results: Yemeni subjects had a more retrognathic mandibular positions (P< 0.05), protrusive mandibular incisors (P< 0.01), more protruded lip positions (P < 0.01), deeper mentolabial sulci (P< 0.01) and a steeper mandibular planes (P< 0.001) compared to the Caucasians. Yemeni females had a larger lower face height than Caucasian females (P< 0.001). Conclusions: The study provides specific standards for Yemeni adults and shows that the Yemenis had different skeletal and dentoalveolar cephalometric standards in comparison with Caucasians. Keywords Cephalometric comparison; Skeletal and dental features; Yemeni norms.