Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mer – Surfaces'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Mer – Surfaces.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Veras, Guimarães Pedro. "Surfaces de mer et dissipation d'énergie." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0001/document.
Full textStochastic wave formulations and models are the most common tools for the assessment and forecast of sea surface conditions. Their ability to account for some of the processes encountered by waves during their evolution remains however a central question. Among other processes, the wave dissipation is for instance still poorly quantified and traditional methods for wave measurements fail to proper insight into its physics in a wide range of conditions. In this context, the work presented in this PhD aims to explore available observation techniques for their application to several quantitative aspects of the dissipation of wave energy, and particularly for short wave modulated by strong tidal currents, for short wave modulated by longer waves. This work takes advantage of the BBWAVES oceanic campaigns, especially planned to explore questions related to wave and current interactions. Data from a large variety of sensors are analyzed. The campaign provides the ground for the test of a new design of drifting buoy aimed at measuring waves in areas of strong tidal current. Its performances are verified and the description it provides of the area is explored. From simultaneous measurements, it was possible to highlight the actual inaccuracies in wave model capabilities as well as the contribution of the error contained in the atmospheric modeling over strong tidal currents to the misevaluation of sea states. This work also used an extensive dataset from a stereo video experiment in the Black Sea to investigate wave breaking in bimodal sea state conditions. These measurements have revealed the influence of long wave modulation over short wave breaking
Miret, David. "Diffraction électromagnétique par des surfaces rugueuses en incidence rasante : application à la surface de la mer." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019965.
Full textMiret, David. "Diffraction électromagnétique par des surfaces rugueuses en incidence rasante : application à la surface de la mer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0002.
Full textThe grazing incidence is a specific problem, which appears especially when an antenna is placed on a mast (telecommunications, defence...) or on the coast (environmental or military maritime spatial monitoring). The modelization of the scattering process in such a configuration is difficult, due to low backscattering and to the importance of complex phenomena such as multiple scattering. The issue remains important even if the echo is very low, because it is potentially sufficient to disturb the proper functioning of microwave antenna systems on a ship. Moreover, it carries interesting informations about the sea state, as was demonstrated in HF and VHF bands.A rigorous model of the three-dimensional scattering process, previously developed, is extended to the computation of the scattered fiel in the four fundamental polarizations (Horizontal and Vertical polarization of incident and reflected waves). It is now possible to take into account the finite conductivity of the surface, a crucial point when the incident field is vertically polarized. The hyper- singular operator involved in the integral equation discretized by the method of moments is studied to evaluate the accuracy of numerical calculations.The approximate methods of diffraction allow much faster numerical calculations, and are therefore essential. The rigorous model is used in conjunction with experimental data, as a reference to study the accuracy of such approximate methods, in the case of the sea surface at grazing incidence. We study in particular the two-scale method GOSSA and propose a correction to its behaviour at grazing angles. The motion of the sea surface creates a frequency shift in the radar backscattered wave (Doppler effect). This offset can be measured experimentally, our algorithm allows us to simulate it. We proceed to two-dimensional simulations showing the evolution of the Doppler shift with respect to the grazing angle, and show the influence of the nonlinearities in the sea model. The limit of the mean Doppler shift at very low grazing angles is studied, and the respective contributions of electromagnetic and hydrodynamic phenomena are discussed
Lurton, Thibaut. "Modélisation et simulation de l'interaction entre onde électromagnétique et surfaces de mer." Télécom Bretagne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TELB0118.
Full textThe aim of this thesis consists in numerically modelling the interaction between an electromagnetic wave emitted by an airborne observation radar and a maritime scene, i. E. An expanse of sea water of determined physical characteristics, possibly bearing one or several objects of metallic constitution on its surface, with a given temporal evolution. To this end, the study we carried out draws on different numerical modelling techniques for electromagnetic wave propagation: to begin with, the Finite-Differences Time-Domain (FDTD) technique was investigated, then the Transmission-Line Matrix method, inherited from the microwave domain, was studied. Each of the two methods is applied to the behaviour of the electromagnetic wave locally, in the vicinity of the sea surface only, the free space propagation simulation being undertaken through geometrical means. We propose a brief critical survey of the appropriateness of numerical methods and of their feasibility, particularly in terms of computation resources. After this theoretical study, we follow the development and implementation of the solution retained. We subsequently present several applications of our simulation method: radar cross section evaluation for small sea patches, derivation of reflectivity maps, extension of the radar cross section estimation to a large sea zone, yielding of the sea surface roughness influence upon the backscattered power, simulation of the synthetic aperture radar observation of a manufactured object in a sea scene, and comparison of the observation of static and moving sea scenes. The area of application of the work presented here is wide. The frame for the thesis is the MODENA development project, led at the Breton regional level, and whose objective is the development of radar acquisition simulation tools above the ocean's surface. In that respect, the theoretical and practical advances detailed in this thesis report widen the scope of the
Bessin, Paul. "Évolution géomorphologique du Massif armoricain depuis 200 MA : approche Terre-Mer." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S180/document.
Full textThe Armoricain massif is a west-european Cadomo-variscan domain of low altitude (maximum 400 m), characterized by planation surfaces, whose Mesozoic and Cenozoic geological and geomorphological evolution is still debated. The purpose of this study is to retrace the growth of this relief. A geomorphological analysis of the planation surfaces was performed on land and at sea. It is based on their (i) mapping, (ii) relative chronology, (iii) relationships with weathering mantles and (iv) dating using dated sediments that seal those them. Six stepped planation surfaces have been identified and mapped and most of them are exhumed. They are pre-early Jurassic (PS1 to PS3), pre-middle Jurassic (PS4), pre-late Cretaceous (PS5) and Paleocene (PS6). At least two phases of burial and exhumation have been identified: (1) burial in Jurassic time followed by denudation during the early Cretaceous and (2) burial in late Cretaceous time followed dy denudation during the latest Cretaceous to early Eocene. The first period of exhumation is probably related to the initiation and break-up of the rift between Iberia and Eurasia (Bay of Biscay) and the second to the convergence betwenn these two plates. At last, Cenozoic vertical movements of the massif have been quantified from (i) position of dated marine sediments of known depositional environment and (ii) their respective paleo-sea levels deduced from different eustatic charts. This work highlights (i) Paleocene uplift, (ii) late Eocene subsidence and (iii) the already characterized Pleistocene uplift
Demarty, Yaël. "Modélisation cohérente de la diffusion électromagnétique par des surfaces de mer tridimensionnelles en incidence rasante : application aux radars HF à ondes de surface." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066293.
Full textJousselme, Anne-Laure. "Contribution aux études de signaux radar de surfaces de mer et mise au point d'un traitement rapide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25423.pdf.
Full textSteinmetz, François. "Étude de la correction de la diffusion atmosphérique et du rayonnement solaire réfléchi par la surface agitée de la mer pour l'observation de la couleur de l'océan depuis l'espace." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10010/document.
Full textThe main challenge for observing the”ocean colour” from space is to make the atmospheric correction which consists in extracting the marine signal from the measured dominated by the atmospheric scattering. In this context, we have studied specific problems that arise due to the quality of the sensor radiometry or to the viewing conditions. In the case of POLDER-3, we have used the in situ BOUSSOLE data to detect some problems, one of which can be attributed to a defect in the input (level1) data. We have made empirical corrections for these defects, resulting in an improvement of the accuracy of the marine reflectance products by a factor 1.5 to 2. Moreover, the same atmospheric correction algorithm was applied to the MERIS data to emphasize some of its features. The existing atmospheric correction algorithms are also limited by the sunglint, failing to retrieve marine parameters in the bright pattern of the sun reflected by the wavy sea surface. For many sensors (MERIS,MODIS...), this makes almost half of the observations at subtropical latitudes unusable, reducing the global coverage accordingly. We are presenting an original algorithm, called POLYMER, designed to make atmospheric correction over the whole sun glint pattern. The increase of spatial coverage is spectacular, while the accuracy on the retrieved marine parameters remains acceptable.This study shows that itis possible to retrieve the ocean colour in the sun glint contaminated areas and opens new opportunities for future applications
Essalhi, Abdenacer. "Étude de la diffraction d'une onde électromagnétique par des surfaces apériodiques parfaitement conductrices. Application au calcul du renforcement des champs électromagnétiques par la surface d'une mer houleuse." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21206.
Full textMerlatti, Céline. "Etude de la dégradation de matrices organiques et des interfaces dans des systèmes de peinture : contribution à la maîtrise de leur durabilité en environnement humain." Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0011.
Full textIn the French Navy, organic coating systems are used to protect ships from corrosion. The service life requirements for protection are a long-term durability of 15 years. Today, the protection is insufficiently durable to meet the requirements, involving important maintenance cost. Thus, coating weatherability testing must be carried out to predict coating failures. The goal of this work is to, first, evaluate whether artificial test is reliable and representative of weathering, secondly, define a new reliable artificial test and finally, understand and identify loss of protection controlling factor. Three anticorrosive systems are studied. Each system presents three layers: topcoat – basecoat – primer. The total width is comprised between 200 and 250 μm. All samples are exposed to four different standard artificial weathering tests: a neutral salt spray test (NSS ISO 9227) and three cycles (QUV ASTM G53, ASTM D5894 and ISO 20340. Besides, the same samples are exposed to a natural weathering during four years in three different locations: Bandol, (83, France) classified as a C3 site, Pipady (83, France) and Kure Beach (North Caroline, USA), classified as C5M sites. Both Kure Beach and Pipady permit to expose coatings to high intensity sunlight in a marine atmosphere. After ageing, the rate of chemical and physico-chemical changes in each layer is followed using different characterisation methods (FTIR Microscopy, Pyrolysis – GC/MS, Dynamical Mechanical Analysis, Vickers Microhardness and SEM). Substrate/primer interface properties are studied by destructive method (the corroded area measurement in the scribing area beneath the coating) and non –destructive methods (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Local EIS, surface potential measure). By comparing the kinds of chemical and physico-chemical changes in the different tests, it is possible to assess the validity of the accelerated tests. QUV ASTM G53, ASTM D5894 and ISO 20340 artificial cycles involve chemical processes which differ from those obtained after natural exposure. Here, the temperature is believed to be a key factor to explain such differences. On the bases of these results, a new cycle has been defined, more reliable. The variety of different weathering conditions permits to determine the more severe conditions in terms of degradation. Coating durability is not directly linked to physicochemical evolution that occurs in the coating. In fact, internal stresses developed during both temperature and moisture cycles control the coating performance
Rochdi, Majid. "Signature électromagnétique bistatique d'une cible complexe placée sur une surface maritime rugueuse : modélisation, simulation et expérimentation." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2048.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the electromagnetic scattering phenomena involved on rough sea surface in the presence of a complex object. To solve this problem, we have studied and applied a model based on asymptotic methods. The basic idea is to combine a ray tracing-based algorithm with the physical optics, geometrical optic and the method of equivalents edge currents. The comprehensive geometrical model of the complex object and sea surface is designed by CAD (CATIA) tools and the sea power spectrum. The sea surface is generated by using the Elfouhaily directional wave spectrum. Both the target and the sea surface are meshed with triangular patches in order to compute the scattered field. The results obtained were compared with those published in the literature and with measurements carried out in an anechoic chamber
Benhmammouch, Othmane. "Propagation des ondes EM et conduits atmosphériques au-dessus d'une surface maritime rugueuse." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2043.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the study of electromagnetic wave propagation over a rough sea surface, especially in presence of different types of atmospheric ducts. This work is accompanied by the development of a simulator integrating the different interactions of EM waves with the propagation medium (atmosphere, sea surface. . . ). Taking into account the sea surface roughness in the propagation process, represents an important phase of modeling. For a thorough introduction of the roughness effects, we present in this context a new approach. This approach is based on the generation of realistic surface depending on the sea state and a modified roughness coefficient. This new approach is evaluated and compared with other approaches, through simulation results
Hernandez-Duque, Guillermo. "Biocorrosion en milieu synthétique et naturel d'aciers inoxydables à composition modifiée par des éléments poisons." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD199.
Full textPinel, Nicolas. "Étude de modèles asymptotiques de la diffusion des ondes électromagnétiques par des interfaces naturelles - Application à une mer recouverte de pétrole -." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346259.
Full textPour le cas simple interface, après un panorama des méthodes existantes, une étude approfondie de l'approximation dite de Kirchhoff est menée pour le cas de la diffraction en réflexion et en transmission par une simple interface. Cette méthode est réduite à l'approximation dite de l'optique géométrique, valide pour des interfaces fortement rugueuses comparativement à la longueur d'onde, pour calculer plus simplement et plus rapidement la puissance diffusée. Le phénomène d'ombrage de la surface, bien connu pour le cas de la réflexion, l'est beaucoup moins pour le cas de la transmission ; c'est pourquoi il est étudié en détail dans cette thèse.
Pour le cas double interface, une étude bibliographique des méthodes existantes nous permet de constater l'absence de méthode basée sur l'extension de l'approximation de Kirchhoff au cas de deux interfaces fortement rugueuses. Ainsi, la méthode développée dans cette thèse permet de pallier ce manque. Cette méthode est exposée en supposant que les deux surfaces sont décorrélées, afin de pouvoir obtenir une expression de la puissance diffusée simple à mettre en œuvre. Par comparaison avec une méthode numérique de référence, la méthode développée a été validée dans le cas bidimensionnel. Une application à la détection de nappes de pétrole sur la surface de la mer est présentée, et la méthode est étendue au cas tridimensionnel.
Papa, Fabrice. "Nouvelles applications scientifiques des missions altimétriques pour l'étude des océans et des terres émergées." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30093.
Full textDandrau, Alain. "La construction en terre dans le monde égéen protohistorique : les matériaux et leurs propriétés." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010615.
Full textThe most part of the protohistoric aegean sites has given a lot of pieces of earth architecture (pieces of bricks or daub, wall or floor-plasters. . . ). These are usually ignored by the archaeologist. This work, placed between archaeology and archaeometry, want to demonstrate that these construction materials can serve as a source of information of the past societies. The archaeological fragments came from Dikili Tash in Macedonian Greece (5th millenium bc), and from Malia in Crete (2000-1100 bc). The materials used give us informations about architectural structures, technics of building and relations between men and the environment. The analysis have proven that the clay was choosen because of special physical characteristics (waterproof properties for roofs and floors, cohesive earth for walls. . . ). For wall-plasters, physico-chemical analysis were indispensable complements for stylistic and iconographic studies. A typology of plasters, based on function and composition, bring up technological and chronological informations
Jacob, Paul. "Détection et compréhension des mécanismes de mouillage en distillation membranaire sous vide appliquée au dessalement d'eau de mer." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0036.
Full textWith an ever-increasing population and the growing disparity in potable water resource, humanity has turned its attention to the oceans for its potable water needs. To overcome the current limitations in current desalination technologies, membrane distillation (MD) is actively being developed. The interest of MD for seawater desalination was established in the last decades but today the risk of membrane wetting is one of the major barrier for industrial implementation of MD. Under the framework of the ANR project “WETMEM”, the issue of this thesis was to develop tools for better understanding wetting mechanisms in vacuum membrane distillation. Several fabricated (WETMEM partners) and commercial membranes were studied to understand the influences of membrane properties on wettability. Therefore, a definition and classification on wetting were formulated. After that two wetting indicators were developed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray dispersion spectroscopy under a method called “Detection of Dissolved Tracer Intrusion”. A proof of concept was provided with various wetting mechanisms visualized and interpreted. These ex-situ indicators were used with wettability tools (Contact Angle, Liquid Entry Pressure) to understand the influence of temperature (35-50°C), salinity (22-310 g/L NaCl sol.) and flow rate (400 – 4000 Re) on wetting and wettability of a PVDF membrane under vacuum membrane distillation. Indeed, it was found that salinity has a greater impact on wetting than the other operating parameters. Additionally, a proof of concept was provided for non-invasive in-situ optical method for visualizing wetting in membrane distillation. Progression of in-situ wetting visualization was validated at different scales for various saline solutions and seawaters
Djellali, Mohamed. "Développement d'une méthode d'étalonnage en vol utilisant la réflexion spéculaire à la surface de l'océan dans le cadre de la mission 3MI." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2024/2024ULILR071.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents the development of an innovative in-flight calibration method using the sunglint effect on the ocean surface, particularly within the context of the 3MI mission. As the successor to the POLDER/PARASOL instruments, 3MI offers improved capabilities in multi-spectral observation, enabling precise monitoring of aerosols, clouds, and the Earth's atmosphere.The research focuses on leveraging the sunglint, a natural reflection phenomenon that occurs on the ocean surface, as a calibration target for radiometers. The sunglint provides a polarized signal with high intensity, making it a useful reference for instrument calibration. However, the method's main challenge lies in accurately modeling the effect of surface wind speed and aerosol properties, both of which affect the precision of the simulated reflected signal.Through sensitivity studies and model simulations, the thesis demonstrates that it is possible to minimize these uncertainties by focusing on specific zones of invariance within the sunglint reflection, where the impact of geophysical parameters, mainly the surface wind speed, is less pronounced. This innovative approach was tested with data from the POLDER3/PARASOL mission, achieving accurate simulations and validating the method for potential application to 3MI and future satellite missions.The proposed calibration technique is significant not only for enhancing 3MI's radiometric calibration capabilities but also for broader applications across various instruments used in Earth observation. It has the potential to become a standard for in-flight calibration and its temporal monitoring which is particularly critical for climate and environmental monitoring missions
Hakim, Ali. "Characterization of Hard Metal Surfaces after Various Surface Process Treatments." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12433.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate how material surfaces are affected by various surface treatments and how this relates to the adhesion of the coating. The materials that were studied were WC-Co and Cermets and the surface treatments used were polishing, grinding with coarser and finer abrasive grains, and finally wet blasting and dry blasting. Focus was on deformations and residual stresses in the surface, surface roughness and cracks. The test methods used for examining the samples included surface roughness measurements, residual stress measurements, adhesion tests using Rockwell indentation and SEM images of the surface and the cross section.
The results concluded that polishing gives very good adhesion. Additionally, the adhesion for ground surfaces was good for WC-Co but very poor for Cermets. Furthermore, it was observed that finer abrasive grains did not result in better adhesion. In fact, the coarser grains gave slightly better results. Finally, it was concluded that wet blasting has a clear advantage over dry blasting and results in much better adhesion, especially for the Cermets. The results for the WC-Co were a bit inconsistent and so further research is required.
Fenoglio-Marc, Luciana. "Sea surface determination with respect to European vertical datums /." München : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb373185680.
Full textEllis, Matthew A. "Roughness length variability over heterogeneous surfaces." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FEllis.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Wang, Qing. Second Reader: Nuss, Wendell A. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Turbulence, Roughness Length, Momentum Flux, Heat Flux, Flus-profile Relationships, Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory, Heterogeneous Surfaces. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75). Also available in print.
Sandroni, Valérie-Anne. "Apports atmosphériques en mer Ligure : modes de dépôt, impact sur la couche marine de surface , implication dans les flux marins." Corte, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CORT3050.
Full textMichel, Sylvain. "Télédétection de la salinité à la surface des océans : variabilité de la salinité de surface d'après un modèle global de couche mélangée océanique." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077206.
Full textTo contribute to ESA's SMOS mission, we propose a method for estimating sea surface salinity (SSS) from current satellite observations and for studying the mechanisms governing ils variability. A simplified model of the ocean mixed layer, based on the "slab mixed layer" formulation (Frankignoul et Hasselmann, 1977), is implemented over the global ocean, using a near 100 km resolution, and integrated during a climatological year. The mixed layer depth (MLD), derived from surface temperature (SST) observations using an original inversion technique, is well correlated to in situ estimates. This effective depth represents the air-sea fluxes penetration and ensures consistency between fluxes, currents and SST. We first validate the simulation through examination of the heat budget in the north-eastern Atlantic, by comparing to measurements and models from the POMME experiment. Then we study the salinity budget in the global domain, in terms of its geographical distribution and seasonal evolution. The balance between the various processes appears generally more complex than for temperature: the role of atmospheric flux is less predominant (22%), while geostrophic advection (33%) and diapycnal mixing (22%) contribute more strongly. The model succeeds in reconstructing SSS variability over most of the oceans and simulates daily SSS variations, which are not represented in current observed data at a global scale. Owing to its simplicity and fast computation, the model will help for the calibration/validation of SMOS measurement and provide a first guess estimate to the SSS restitution algorithm
Houpert, Loïc. "Contribution to the Study of Transfer Processes from the Surface to the Deep Ocean in the Mediterranean Sea using in situ Measurements." Perpignan, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01148986.
Full textPinot, Jean-Michel. "Dynamique de la couche de surface en mer baleare." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066669.
Full textGarabétian, Frédéric. "Activité respiratoire dans la microcouche de surface et production de CO2 à l'interface air-mer." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22052.
Full textAyari, Mohamed Yassine. "Détection électromagnétique d'éléments polluants au dessus de la surface maritime." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2011.
Full textThis document presents the work completed within the theis of Mohamed Yassine Ayari between october 2002 and novembre 2005. The work was carried out in the laboratory E3I2-EA 3876 of ENSIETA in Brest. The project of the thesis has the objective to supply methodological means on making it possible to detect the pollutants on the surface of the sea (oil, residues petrochemical…) by electromagnetic methods (radar). One of the additional difficulties to the problem arising relates to the adopted configuration, it acts of the bistatic configuration where the transmitter and the receiver are separate (contrary to the case often used : backscattering configurtion). Until now, few studies were interested in electromagnetic detection of pollutants on sea surface and less in the scattering problems by rough surfaces in bistatic configuration. The majority of the current detection methods are based either on the technique of satellite photos or on radar imagery (SAR…). The latter are not easily exploitable and do not give a precise idea as for the nature of pollutant. Indeed, SAR images give similar effects for a covered surface with pollutants and another sheltered wind surface. During this work we have studied the effect of the pollutant on physical and geometrical sea surface characteristics and correlated this study with the electromagnetic scattering models in order to have a precise idea on the effect of the pollutant on the electromagnetic surface scattering for different configurations and various transmitter and the receiver polarizations
Remy, Fabien. "Etude en soufflerie des transferts de quantité de mouvement à l'interface air-mer au-dessus d'états de mer complexes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22014.
Full textGohin, Francis. "Analyse geostatistique des champs thermiques de surface de la mer." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0095.
Full textDelignon, Yves. "Étude statistique d'images radar de la surface de la mer." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN10110.
Full textDarras, Marc. "Dilution à la surface de la mer de rejets flottants." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10005.
Full textGohin, Francis. "Analyse géostatistique des champs thermiques de surface de la mer." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605490g.
Full textBringer, Alexandra. "Description statistique de la surface océanique et mesures conjointes micro-ondes : une analyse cohérente." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794381.
Full textTandeo, Pierre. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle d’une variable quantitative à partir de données multi-sources : Application à la température de surface des océans." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582679.
Full textIn this thesis, an important oceanographic variable for the monitoring of the climate is studied: the sea surface temperature. At the global level, this variable is observed along the ocean by several remote sensed sources. In order to treat all this information, statistical methods are used to summarize our variable of interest in global daily map. For that purpose, a state-space linear model with Gaussian error is suggested. We begin to introduce this model on data resulting from having an irregular sampling. Then, we work on the estimation of the parameters. This is based on the combination of the method of moments and the maximum likelihood estimates, with the study of the EM algorithm and the Kalman recursions. Finally, this methodology is applied to estimate the variance of errors and the temporal correlation parameter to the Atlantic ocean. We add the spatial component and propose a separable second order structure, based on the product of a temporal covariance and a spatial anisotropic covariance. According to usual geostatistical methods, the parameters of this covariance are estimated on the Atlantic ocean and form a relevant atlas for the oceanographers. Finally, we show that the contribution of the spatial information increases the predictive behaviour of the model
Leroy, Loïc. "Influence de traitements de surface sur le comportement du Nickel en EDMA." La Rochelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LAROS105.
Full textIn order to increase the corrosion resistance of Ni in artificial seawater, various surface treatments from more classical (thermomechanical treatments) to more sophisticated (ion implantation, electron irradiation, ion beam assisted deposition) have been performed. Many experimental techniques have been used, and impedance spectroscopy is shown to allow a detailled study giving the specific frequency for each step of the corrosion process. A model is proposed accounting for the experimental results. Two main stages are detected with increasing immersion time. The first, corresponding to the passivation of the surface is quick and protective; the second, at longer immersion times, is due to a slow degradation of the passive film induced by the Cl- ions
Roberts, David E. Peltonen Jeffry M. Ozeck David J. "Baseline assessment of information technology contracts funded by Commander, Naval Surface Forces." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/MBAPR/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FRoberts%5FMBA.pdf.
Full textAdvisor(s): Cook, Glenn. ; Simon, Cary. "March 2010." "MBA Professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on May 18, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Information Technology, Baseline Assessment, Commander, Naval Surface Forces, CNSF Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92). Also available in print.
Avenas, Arthur. "Tropical cyclone dynamics revealed by satellite ocean surface wind speeds observations : the key contribution of the near-core surface wind structure." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0397.
Full textDespite advances in predicting the tropical cyclones (TCs) trajectory and outer-core wind speeds, the numerical representation of the strongest winds associated with the most intense events is still an open issue, essentially because of the small radial extent of the TC core and the difficulty in understanding and resolving turbulent air-sea exchanges. Observational limitations have for a long time hindered accurate measurements of the ocean surface near the core region in extreme wind conditions, while geostationary satellites help characterizing the cloud patterns but lack direct information on the air-sea interface. Recently, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has emerged as a promising satellite technology capable of producing high-resolution two dimensional measurements of the ocean surface wind speeds, thanks to new acquisition modes and algorithmic developments. Given these new observational opportunities, we investigate the contribution of near-core structural features, exclusively discernible through high-resolution instruments, to the TC dynamics. Using a simple theoretical framework and examining its consistency with SAR measurements, we demonstrate that the near-core surface winds modulate the evolution of the TC wind structure. The developed framework allows to illustrate how future measurements of ocean-atmosphere boundary layer characteristics could benefit the short- and long-term monitoring of TCs
Bonjean, Fabrice. "Influence des courants de surface sur la temperature superficielle de l'ocean pacifique tropical." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066420.
Full textJehl, Augustin. "Etude photométrique de la surface de Mars à partir de la caméra HRSC à bord de la sonde Mars express : préparation aux observations orbitales multi-angulaires en exploration planétaire." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU30091.
Full textOne of the new investigations from orbit that can be addressed with the multi-angular HRSC/ Mars-Express dataset generated with the nadir-looking, stereo and photometric channels, is to derive the surface photometric characteristics for mapping the variation of the soil/bedrock physical properties of Mars, and to relate them to the spectroscopic and thermal observations produced by OMEGA, TES and THEMIS instruments. Minnaert and two-term phase function Hapke models concur to demonstrate that HRSC multi-angular observations acquired over Gusev crater and Apollinaris southern flank along the ongoing Mars-Express mission can be, under some limitations, pieced together to derive integrated phase functions over a wide range of phase angles (5-95°) at moderate spatial resolution on the order of 400 m-1. 6 km. In combination with the surface roughness variation, the opposition effect appears to play a significant role suggesting that the surface state optical properties across Gusev are strongly influenced by the porosity and packing characteristics of the upper layer of the Martian regolith. The mapping aspect of the present photometric investigation is quite useful to get a better sense of the meaning of the observed variations. Given the overall patterns derived from this analysis, it is quite likely that the observed photometric variation at least for the western and central part of Gusev crater is partly driven by the prevailing wind regimes considered to be oriented north-northwest / south-southeast and disturbing the very upper surface layer. .
Navarro, Laurent. "Modélisation de la couche de surface atmosphérique marine et des processus dynamiques et thermodynamique des aérosols." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2091.
Full textThe SeaCluse model describes the non-linear interactions between evaporating sea spray and the scalar fields of temperature and humidity in the marine atmospheric surface layer. The present study focuses on both the further development and the exploitation of the code. The principal improvement consists of extending the numerical vertical domain well into the atmospheric marine boundary layer by introduction of a new meteorological preprocessor MPP and a turbulence parameterization based on the work of Galperin et al (1988). The extended domain ensures unhampered droplet dispersion in the lower part of the domain. The exploitation of the upgraded SeaCluse model consists of the introduction of spume droplets. Depending on the initial dynamics, spume droplets may have a significant impact on heat fluxes. Furthermore, the profiles of aerosol, temperature and humidity as supplied by SeaCluse are used in models to calculate transmission and refraction effects in the marine surface layer
Mason, Sammuel P. "Atmospheric effects on radio frequency (RF) wave propagation in a humid, near-surface environment." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FMason.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Guest, Peter S. ; Goroch, Andreas K. "March 2010." Author(s) subject terms: Electromagnetic propagation, electromagnetic scattering, groundwave propagation, mathematical techniques, variance reduction. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68). Also available in print.
Pujol, Marie-Isabelle. "Analyse de la variabilité de surface en Méditerranée à partir des données altimétriques et comparaison aux simulations MERCATOR et MOG2D." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30005.
Full textFisher, James L. Johnson Devine R. "A comparative analysis of strategic approaches for Information Technology (IT) for Commander Naval Surface Forces." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FFisher.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Cook, Glenn. Second Reader: Housel Thomas J. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Information Technology, IT, IT Strategy, Strategy, Management, IT Management. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-86). Also available in print.
Hamad, Najwa. "La circulation de surface dans le bassin oriental de la Méditerranée d'après les observations satellitaires infrarouge." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22029.
Full textWimart-Rousseau, Cathy. "Dynamiques saisonnière et pluriannuelle du système des carbonates dans les eaux de surface en mer Méditerranée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0503.
Full textThe Mediterranean Sea is often considered as a laboratory ocean for understanding global changes related to the atmospheric CO2 increase. This work, based on the study of data collected in three Mediterranean regions, investigates the variations of oceanic CO2 in this basin. On a seasonal timescale, in addition to temperature changes, alkalinity content influences the CO2 content in the Eastern Mediterranean, while total carbon changes are responsible for variations in the Western Basin. In urbanised coastal areas, anthropogenic CO2 emission’ influences air-sea CO2 exchanges. This study shows that the carbon increase and the acidification on a multi-year timescale is not only due to the increase in atmospheric CO2: the alkalinity content modulates these trends in the eastern basin, while, in the western basin, these trends are likely influenced by current dynamics
Roullet, Guillaume. "Equilibres en sel de l'océan mondial dans un modèle de circulation générale à surface libre." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066537.
Full textGiannoccaro, Maria Pia <1984>. "Antibodies against neuronal surface proteins in central nervous system disorders." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8842/1/Giannoccaro_Maria_Pia_tesi.pdf.
Full textLi, Hongkun. "Emissivité et réflectivité infrarouges de la surface de mer avec ombre et réflexions multiples." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=77806c7d-1be5-4daa-a079-73cc3e7d9cc9.
Full textSea surface infrared emissivity and reflectivity are important parameters in oceanic remote sensing, e. G. For deriving the sea surface temperature. They are both nearly constant for observation directions near zenith, but they vary largely for large grazing angles, because of the surface roughness. This thesis aims at calculating the sea surface infrared emissivity and reflectivity with accuracy. In addition, polarization is taken into account. Indeed, the phenomena of shadowing and multiple surface reflections are taken into account in the models through illumination functions without and with surface reflections. In order to validate developed models, a reference method, based on a Monte Carlo ray tracing algorithm, is used. Simulation results show very good agreements of the models with the ray tracing algorithm. Moreover, the agreement with emissivity measurements of the literature is improved if one surface reflection is considered. The criterion of energy conservation is better met by taking the sea surface reflections into account in the model. Thus, these results clearly show the usefulness of considering shadowing and surface reflections in the modeling
Platzer, Florestan. "Etude de la signature radar de la surface de la mer en incidence rasante." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0006.
Full textThis work proposes an analysis of the sea radar echo through the processing of a database resulting from measurement campaigns in the coastal zone. The analysis of the amplitude of the backscattered wave shows that it follows a two-scale model, a combination of two components called texture and speckle. The texture component captures the variations in backscattered power associated with large waves, while the speckle component characterizes rapid phase variations. A Doppler processing then highlights the relationship between sea spikes (localized events with strong backscattering) and high Doppler velocities (fast scatterers). The lowfrequency component present on the 2D spectra of the time-distance maps of backscattered power, called "group line", is then modelled. It appears that, contrary to a common assumption, wave breaking is not the main cause of the presence of the group line. Finally, a sea echo modeling based on experimental observations is proposed, allowing the restitution of space-time maps whose characteristics are close to the measurements
Pellichero, Violaine. "Étude de la dynamique de la couche de surface et des interactions surface/océan dans l'océan Austral sous la glace de mer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS029.pdf.
Full textThe Southern Ocean is a key region for the understanding of the global ocean circulation and for the climate as a whole. In this region, a large majority of the ocean’s water masses are ventilated in the surface layer, before being sent back to the deep ocean. The surface layer of the Southern Ocean is therefore a central element for understanding the global ocean circulation. Despite their fundamental role in the global ocean circulation and climate, the structure and characteristics of the mixed-layer are still poorly understood in the Antarctic Polar Region due to a significant lack of in-situ observations.However, the international MEOP program (2004) has led to the deployment of thousands of hydrological sensors on Elephant Seals and offers a unique spatial coverage of new data that cover the entire seasonal cycle. In this thesis, we exploit this dataset and other more conventional data, to bring a new perspective on this unknown region. Based on these observations, we describe the climatological properties and dynamics of the mixed-layer under Antarctic sea-ice. The vertical transfers between the mixed-layer and the deep ocean, associated with the meridional overturning circulation, and the hydrographic variations of the water masses in the mixed-layer, are described at seasonal and inter-annual time scales. The results highlight the critical role of freshwater fluxes, induced by sea-ice and precipitations, on the transformation of water masses under the sea-ice. Our findings suggest that changes in the intensity of these freshwater fluxes would directly affect the buoyancy budgets of the mixed-layer and impact the large-scale overturning circulation