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Journal articles on the topic 'Mercantile system – history'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Donahue, Charles. "Equity in the Courts of Merchants." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 72, no. 1-2 (2004): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181904323055781.

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AbstractThis paper had its origins in a study of Benvenuto Stracca's De mercatura. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there was anything in that work that supported the notion that there was a system of customary mercantile law in operation in Italy in Stracca's time. The answer to that question proved to be a rather resounding 'no', and the arguments that lead to that conclusion will be published elsewhere. In the process of examining Stracca's sources, much information appeared about how the jurists of the fourteenth, fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries did deal with merca

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Flandreau, Marc, and Gabriel Geisler Mesevage. "The Untold History of Transparency: Mercantile Agencies, the Law, and the Lawyers (1851–1916)." Enterprise & Society 15, no. 2 (2014): 213–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/khu014.

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This paper discusses the origins of rating in the second half of the nineteenth century. We review and criticize existing narratives, which—echoing a story told by lawyers favorable to (or employed by) the agencies—have alleged that a cultural shift in normative views, evidenced in an evolution of court decisions, provided legal protection (against libel) to agencies, and permitted the development of printed credit reports. Such a view is inconsistent with evidence from actual judicial decisions and from our exploration of archival material. Looking at both litigated and settled cases, we show

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SALES I FAVÀ, LLUÍS. "Suing in a local jurisdictional court in late medieval Catalonia. The case of Caldes de Malavella (1328–1369)." Continuity and Change 29, no. 1 (2014): 49–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416014000095.

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ABSTRACTThis article addresses the question of the effectiveness of court litigation over private contracts. Through a case study of fourteenth-century Caldes de Malavella, in northeastern Catalonia, it provides an instructive example of contract registration and enforcement. A large peasant clientele made use of the institutional framework provided by a compact jurisdictional estate. We also explore the ways in which the court system within this barony was affected by the demands of external jurisdictions. The article concludes that the whole system was efficient in prosecuting breach of cont

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Kleiser, R. Grant. "An Empire of Free Ports: British Commercial Imperialism in the 1766 Free Port Act." Journal of British Studies 60, no. 2 (2021): 334–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2020.250.

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AbstractThe Free Port Act of 1766 was an important reform in British political economy during the so-called imperial crisis between the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763) and the American Revolution (1775–1783). In an explicit break from the letter if not the spirit of the Navigation Acts, the act opened six British ports in the West Indies (two in Dominica and four in Jamaica) to foreign merchants trading in a highly regulated number of goods subject to various duties. Largely understudied, this legislation has been characterized in most previous work on the subject as a fundamental break from Brit

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Rossi, Guido. "The barratry of the shipmaster in early modern law: the approach of Italian and English law courts." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 87, no. 4 (2019): 504–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-00870a02.

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SummaryFor a long time, the concept of barratry (at least in its maritime meaning) was one and the same on both sides of the Channel. The barratry of the shipmaster was part of the mercantile usages, and it identified the intentionally blameworthy conduct of the master. When law courts began to decide on insurance litigation they were confronted with a notion quite alien to them. Broadly speaking, the shipmaster’s barratry could well be considered a fraud of sort. But in order to decide on its occurrence in a specific case, law courts had to analyse it in legal terms, and so according to the s

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Walker, Juliet E. K. "Racism, Slavery, and Free Enterprise: Black Entrepreneurship in the United States before the Civil War." Business History Review 60, no. 3 (1986): 343–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115882.

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In reconstructing the early business history of black America, Professor Walker emphasizes the diversity and complexity of antebellum black entrepreneurship, both slave and free. With few exceptions, prevailing historical assessments have confined their analyses of pre-Civil War black business participation to marginal enterprises, concentrated primarily in craft and service industries. In America's preindustrial mercantile business community, however, blacks established a wide variety of enterprises, some of them remarkably successful. The business activities of antebellum blacks not only off

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Weiman, David F. "Urban Growth on the Periphery of the Antebellum Cotton Belt: Atlanta, 1847–1860." Journal of Economic History 48, no. 2 (1988): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700004885.

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Based on the mercantile model of urban growth, I analyze the formative development of Atlanta during the antebellum period. Located at the intersection of three railroads, Atlanta's early growth and economic structure reflected its nodal position in the transport system. Subsequent railroad construction, however, eroded its initial locational advantage, while creating the opportunity for its emergence as a regional metropolis. This transformation was delayed until after the Civil War because of the marginal political and economic position of Atlanta and the Upcountry region, as a whole, within

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Tsai, Ke Bo Izac, та Doreen Bernath. "Concepts of Huaren (華人) and Huabu (華埠): Transoceanic Settlements and Manifestation of Urban Spatiality in Colonial Southeast Asia". Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 18, № 2 (2025): 171–207. https://doi.org/10.1163/24522015-18020003.

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Abstract This article seeks to reconnect discourses on the urbanity of Southeast Asia with the region’s long history of maritime trade and migrating societies. It examines the relation between Huaren, a category of people and a system of culture characterized by transoceanic connections, and Huabu, a portal-spatial pattern of trading, settling, and moving of Huaren communities. By investigating the etymology of and the relationship between these two terms—“Huaren” and “Huabu” as concepts distinct from “Chinese” and “Chinatown”—the paper discloses an alternative understanding of the urban histo

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Collins, Gregory M. "THE LIMITS OF MERCANTILE ADMINISTRATION: ADAM SMITH AND EDMUND BURKE ON BRITAIN’S EAST INDIA COMPANY." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 41, no. 03 (2019): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837218000354.

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It is often claimed that Adam Smith and Edmund Burke held similar views on matters relating to political economy. One area of tension in their thought, however, was the institutional credibility of Britain’s East India Company. They both argued that the Company corrupted market order in India, but while Smith supported the termination of the firm’s charter, Burke aspired to preserve it. This article examines why they arrived at such divergent conclusions. It argues that the source of Burke and Smith’s friction arose from the dissimilar frames of reference through which they assessed the credib

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Szymura, Mateusz. "George Joseph Bell (1770–1843): ostatni szkocki pisarz instytucjonalny." Prawo 335 (October 7, 2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.335.2.

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The subject of the article is the figure of George Joseph Bell — professor of Scottish law at the University of Edinburgh and author of two final Scottish institutional works: Principles of the Law of Scotland and Commentaries on the Law of Scotland and on the Principles of Mercantile Jurisprudence. The publication of both works in the first half of the nineteenth century marks a unique caesura in the history of Scottish law — both the level of complexity of the legal system and the significant convergence of Scottish law and solutions known to English law resulted in a lack of both need and o

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Khan, Aisha. "Untold stories of unfree labor: Asians in the Americas." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 70, no. 1-2 (1996): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002630.

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[First paragraph]The Cuba Commission Report: A Hidden History of the Chinese in Cuba. The Original English-Language Text of 1876 (Introduction by Denise Helly). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. viii + 160 pp. (Paper US$21.95)Indentured Labor, Caribbean Sugar: Chinese and Indian Migrants to the British West Indies, 1838-1918. WALTON LOOK LAI. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. xxviii + 370 pp. (Cloth US$ 39.95)The world system formed by European mercantile and industrial capitalism and the history of transcontinental labor migrations from Africa to the Americas hav

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Pearson, Robin. "Collective Diversification : Manchester Cotton Merchants and the Insurance Business in the Early Nineteenth Century." Business History Review 65, no. 2 (1991): 379–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3117407.

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It has been claimed that the diversified mercantile capitalist of eighteenth-century Britain was replaced by the specialist industrialist of the nineteenth. This study of Manchester cotton merchants who moved into fire insurance in the 1820s examines the neglected strategy of collective diversification. It argues that the merchants' decision to diversify cannot be explained by short-term financial or economic considerations arising out of the insurance or cotton markets and only partly by long-run issues such as profit maximization and constraints on growth. Collective diversification is best

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CHRISTENSEN, SØREN BITSCH, and JØRGEN MIKKELSEN. "The Danish urban system pre-1800: a survey of recent research results." Urban History 33, no. 3 (2006): 484–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926806004081.

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In Denmark, the first actual towns can be dated to the eighth and ninth centuries. The establishment of towns became more significant in the eleventh and twelfth centuries in connection with the state-building process, and these towns were distinctly consumer towns serving as administrative, religious and military centres. From 1200 to 1350 Denmark, similar to the German area, underwent considerable urbanization; a large number of market towns were created, and in contrast to the older ones they were mercantile towns. Denmark thus clearly became the most urbanized country in Scandinavia. As Co

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Vicet, Marie. "The French Telematic Magazine Art Accès (1984–1987)." Arts 11, no. 6 (2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts11060112.

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Created in 1984 by the French artists ORLAN, Frédéric Develay and Frédéric Martin and shown for the first time at the Centre Pompidou during the exhibition Les Immatériaux (28 March to 15 July 1985), the telematic magazine Art Accès has marked the history of the art on Minitel, the French Videotex system in use between 1980 and 2012. For ORLAN and Frédéric Develay, Art Accès was a way both to propose an artistic and cultural alternative to a purely utilitarian and mercantile content, but also to explore the possibilities of a ‘poor’ medium. Working within the framework of the magazine, ORLAN a

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Johnson, Howard. "“A Modified Form of Slavery”: The Credit and Truck Systems in the Bahamas in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries." Comparative Studies in Society and History 28, no. 4 (1986): 729–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500014201.

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In historical writing on the British West Indies, discussion of the transition from slavery to other forms of labour control after emancipation has been largely confined to the plantation colonies. It is usually argued that planters were most successful in controlling former slaves in colonies where they were able to limit the freedman's access to land and thus create a dependent wage-earning proletariat. Such an analysis cannot, however, be readily applied to the Bahamas, where the plantation system based on cotton production had collapsed before emancipation and where the sea provided an imp

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Swain, Warren. "‘The Great Britain of the South’: the Law of Contract in Early Colonial New Zealand." American Journal of Legal History 60, no. 1 (2019): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajlh/njz019.

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Abstract Some nineteenth century writers like the Scottish born poet William Golder, used the term ‘the Great Britain of the south’ as a description of his new home. He was not alone in this characterisation. There were of course other possible perspectives, not least from the Māori point of view, which these British writers inevitably fail to capture. A third reality was more specific to lawyers or at least to those caught up in the legal system. The phrase ‘the Great Britain of the south’ fails to capture the complexity of the way that English law was applied in the early colony. The law adm

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Solana, Ana Crespo. "Reflections on Monopolies and Free Trade at the End of the Eighteenth Century: A Tobacco Trading Company between Puerto Rico and Amsterdam in 1784." Itinerario 29, no. 2 (2005): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300023639.

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Even after the passing of the ‘Free Trade’ acts in Europe and America between 1765 and 1803, colonisation still meant trade for European mercantile and maritime powers which were beginning to think of themselves as liberal in the politico-economic sense. As before, the only suitable way of obtaining profits appeared to be economic exploitation, albeit within a politico-institutional structure. This ideal had inspired the inflexible system that had dominated the relations of both Spain and Portugal with their respective transatlantic colonies. Likewise, ever since their first incursions into th

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Potofsky, Allan. "Paine’s Debt to Hume?" Journal of Early American History 6, no. 2-3 (2016): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00603008.

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It has been famously argued that Tom Paine was not much of an economic thinker. Indeed, in his published work, we see relatively scarce systematic commentary on the subject. But, as befitting his origins in a mercantile family, Paine as a young man had prepared for a career as an excise officer. He later fully participated in a broader Enlightenment conversation about the new world of credit, trade, commercial and monetary policies, among other fiscal issues of early globalization. In particular, Paine formulated a systematic critique of public debt as a compelling way to discuss political sov

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ANGELO, ELIS REGINA BARBOSA, and ISABELA DE FÁTIMA FOGAÇA. "Indústria cultural, lazer e turismo: percalços e perspectivas na contemporaneidade * Cultural industry, tourism and leisure: mishaps and perspectives in contemporary." História e Cultura 2, no. 2 (2013): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18223/hiscult.v2i2.992.

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<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> Ao se pensar a sociedade contemporânea como uma fábrica de indivíduos da era mercantil, ansiados pela troca de produtos gerados pela Indústria Cultural, para os quais as opções de lazer e turismo acabaram se tornando uma necessidade para viver no mundo globalizado e intermediado pela desenfreada mobilização de compra e venda, todo o sistema deve ser repensado. Consumo e a exposição desse consumo, no qual também se incluem a experiência do turismo e do lazer, viraram, quase exclusivamente, o ponto nevrálgico desse processo de querer ser e fazer dos

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Žiemelis, Darius. "Immanuel Wallerstein's Theory of the Capitalist World-System." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 16 (December 28, 2005): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2005.37111.

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One of the most significant tendencies in the development of Western historiography and social sciences in the last three decades has been the consolidation of a new multidisciplinary field of inquiry, comparative historical sociology (CHS). Reinhard Bendix, Charles Tilly, and Immanuel Wallerstein can be considered parents/creators of CHS in the U.S.A. The theory of the Capitalist World System (CWS), initiated by the American sociologist and historian I. Wallerstein (b. 1930), who started his career researching the contemporary history of Africa, is one branch of the CHS. This theory was formu

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Knapp, Aaron T. "From Empire to Law: Customs Collection in the American Founding." Law & Social Inquiry 43, no. 02 (2018): 554–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12352.

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This essay investigates the eighteenth-century origins of the federal administrative state through the prism of customs collection. Until recently, historians and legal scholars have not closely studied collection operations in the early federal custom houses. Gautham Rao's National Duties: Custom Houses and the Making of the American State (2016) offers the most important and thoroughly documented historical analysis to date. Joining a growing historical literature that explains the early development of the US federal political system with reference to imperial models and precedents, Rao show

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Siry, Joseph. "Louis Sullivan's Building for John D. Van Allen and Son." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 49, no. 1 (1990): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990499.

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Long regarded as an anomaly among his later works, Louis Sullivan's retail dry goods store for John D. Van Allen and Son of 1913-1915 in Clinton, Iowa, is one of his best documented buildings in surviving drawings and correspondence. Though related to his earlier Schlesinger and Mayer Store in Chicago, the Van Allen Building was Sullivan's only design for a regional adaptation of a metropolitan department store for a smaller city. Often criticized for the ornamental vertical mullions on its main elevation, the Van Allen store's exterior was carefully conceived with respect to its interior plan

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Žiemelis, Darius. "The manor estate economy ofthe Republic of Two Nations (the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) in the 16th-18th centuries from the Marxist and neo-institutionalist perspectives." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 27 (August 28, 2024): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2011.36596.

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This article continues an analysis of the socioeconomic history of the Republic of Two Nations (RTN) in the 16th-18th centuries, viewed through two competing historiographical views: the traditional Marxist conception emphasizing internal considerations and the neo-Marxist capitalist world system theory (CWS) emphasizing external motivations. The questions addressed in this text arose from the conclusion of an earlier study (Lietuvos istorijos studijos, 2006, volume 18) that the agrarian structure of Eastern Europe in the 16th-18th centuries, according to the CWS conception, is similar in many

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Marler, Scott P. "Two Kinds of Freedom: Mercantile Development and Labor Systems in Louisiana Cotton and Sugar Parishes After the Civil War." Agricultural History 85, no. 2 (2011): 225–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3098/ah.2011.85.2.225.

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Vasconcelos, Rejane Batista. "POR QUE NÃO A VIOLÊNCIA?" Revista Políticas Públicas 18 (August 5, 2014): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v18nep269-279.

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O artigo é parte constitutiva de minha tese de doutorado que se ocupou em demonstrar que a violência, uma ação exclusivamente humana e tão antiga quanto o ato inaugural da humanidade, representa tão-somente, no sistema do capital, uma entre todos os milhares de mercadorias que se colocam à disposição nas prateleiras do mundo mercantil. Sob intensidade e forma variadas, a violência encontra-se implícita ou categoricamente derramada por sobre as múltiplas manifestações de criação humana, tais como a arte, a religião, a literatura, a política, a história. É um produto que parece contrariar as lei

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Domínguez Cabrera, David. "Almacenes «azucareros» en el puerto de La Habana, 1840-1880." Pasado y Memoria, no. 26 (January 30, 2023): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/pasado.21742.

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La entrada masiva de africanos esclavizados impulsó el boom azucarero de Cuba a finales del siglo XVIII. La implementación de la economía de plantación conllevó a profundas transformaciones en la estructura demográfica y en la dinámica comercial de la Isla. A partir de la década de 1840, en plena consolidación de la Segunda Esclavitud en Cuba, emergió en la bahía habanera un nuevo complejo portuario: los almacenes de depósito. Los almacenes «azucareros» se replicaron en otros enclaves de la isla, cada vez más conectados a la exportación de commodities. El presente trabajo examina cómo se organ

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Aguilar, Eduardo Enrique. "¿El mundo sería mejor sin dinero? Apuntes desde la historia, la antropología y la economía política en torno a los mercados y las monedas alternativas." Áreas. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales, no. 39 (December 29, 2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/areas.408431.

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El presente artículo pretende responder al cuestionamiento de qué hacer para que las monedas alternativas no funcionen bajo el paradigma de las monedas de circulación nacional, de manera profunda lo que se está cuestionando, es cómo hacer para que la moneda sea disruptiva al sistema económico dominante, el de la producción capitalista; para poder responder se toman apuntes desde la antropología económica, la historia y la economía política sobre el mercado y las monedas para encontrar su fundamento y con ello visibilizar cuáles son las pautas para que estos espacios puedan ser disputados y lle

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Saggi, Sanjana. "HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT A FORGOTTON SUBJECT: AN APPRAISAL OF PHYSIOCRACY WITH REFERENCE TO INDIA." PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, February 15, 2022, 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/paripex/5704769.

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History of Economic Thought is different from Economic History and History of Economics.While History of Economic Thought deals with the development of economic ideas,Economic History is a study of the economic development of a country. On the other hand, History of Economics deals with the science of economics. Even though Economic History and History of Economic Thought constitute separate branches of study, they are closely related. Economic ideas are directly and indirectly motivated by the economic conditions and environment of the country.Physiocracy is also known as the “Agricultural Sy

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Kooria, Mahmood. "Encounters of Indic-Abrahamic Religions with Matriliny in Premodern Southern India." Entangled Religions 11, no. 5 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/er.11.2020.9458.

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 This article engages with the matrilineal communities of the Indian Ocean littoral with a focus on the southern Indian context. The matrilineal system was one of the most convenient features in the context of the Indian Ocean trade. In their transregional journeys, maritime itinerants stayed in one place for months or even a year, depending on the variations in monsoon. During this period, they married into the local communities. These marriages were enabled through the existing matrilineal practices, in which men could and should come and go while the women stayed at home and owned the

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Lorenzo, Sergio M. Rodríguez. "El fletamento de mercancías en la carrera de Indias (1560-1622): introducción a su estudio." REVISTA PROCESOS DE MERCADO, March 19, 2021, 161–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.52195/pm.v8i1.264.

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The carrera de Indias constitutes the maritime-mercantile system that communicates Spain with his American colonies. The whole Europe takes part in this route under the jurisdiction of the Catholic Monarchy. Up to Mexico, Peru or the Carib there arrives many goods that sell for silver and other precious products. There are many economic activities that give form to this maritime route; but the base of everything is the shipping business. The contract that regulates the relations between merchants and masters of the vessels is the freightment. The present work analyzes the different clauses of

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Balakrishnan, Sarah. "Prison of the Womb: Gender, Incarceration, and Capitalism on the Gold Coast of West Africa, c. 1500–1957." Comparative Studies in Society and History, January 19, 2023, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417522000469.

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Abstract To date, studies of imprisonment and incarceration have focused on the growth of male-gendered penal institutions. This essay offers a provocative addition to the global study of the prison by tracing the emergence of a carceral system in West Africa in the nineteenth century that was organized around the female body. By examining archival testimonies of female prisoners held in what were called “native prisons” in colonial Gold Coast (southern Ghana), this essay shows how birthing, impregnation, and menstruation shaped West Africa penal practices, including the selection of the capti

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"Anthropological and Religious Dimension, Ecological Transition and Integral Development: Economic Theory towards a New Paradigm?" Economic Alternatives 28, no. 2 (2022): 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37075/ea.2022.2.10.

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The crisis of the market system is highlighted not only by the lag on environmental issues, but also by the lag in responses to repeated social and ethical crises, which are increasingly global. Under scrutiny is the increasingly evident theoretical weakness of the market paradigm and its formally perfect but unrealistic rational model. And it is above all its microeconomic basis that is weak, starting with the theory of behaviour and choice, with the utilitarian Homo Economicus as the only variable, the only key to interpretation. What then are the possible integrations? First of all, the inc

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-, Talmeez Fatma Naqvi. "Industrialization and Modernization: The Upheaval of Indian Society’s Morality and Spirituality." International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 6, no. 4 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i04.25791.

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Modernity is preceded by industrial revolution which signified and for all practical purposes, implied a change in the nature and thrust of economy: mercantile and agricultural to industrial economy and simultaneously the industrialization/commercialization of agriculture. The economy changed its thrust from need based to market based i.e., profit making. The whole process is resulting in making individual economically independent and leading to breaking up of joint family system. The economic independence of individual is bound to have brought up certain critical changes in their attitude tow

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Bartolomei, Arnaud. "The Sharing of the Profits of the Carrera de Indias: The Actors of the Hispanic Colonial Trade and Their Monopolistic Practices in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century." Americas, January 9, 2024, 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2023.96.

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Abstract The Carrera de Indias, considered as a set of circuits connecting Hispanic America to world markets, does not appear as a “monopoly” reserved solely for the Spanish merchants of Cadiz, but rather as a complex commercial system, structured into three autonomous segments, each of them dominated by a mercantile corporation, more or less formalized. In the central part, which linked the two shores of the Atlantic, the merchants registered in the Consulado of the Indies of Cadiz (cargadores) obviously dominated the market. However, these were in turn dominated by the merchants from the con

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Rizzo, Sergio. "'Show Me the Money!'." M/C Journal 7, no. 1 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2324.

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Precious metals are to mercantile capitalism what paper is to industrial capitalism and what plastic and electronics are to post-industrial capitalism—which is to say, the different materials and their specific textual forms become the dominant, if not always preferred, means of transferring and storing value or wealth in their respective capitalist phases. As a distinct “text,” what separates the precious metals from the materials that follow them is that they are seen as “natural money.” In Capital, for example, Karl Marx endorses Galiani’s view that “although gold and silver are not by Natu

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Abel, Matthew. "The Struggle For Health: Medical Brokerage and the Power of Care in Brazil’s Amazon Estuary." Cultural Anthropology 37, no. 3 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca37.3.06.

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This article examines the relationship between medicine and the aviamento, a system of debt-peonage that structured exchange along the Brazilian Amazon during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Under the aviamento, merchant elites leveraged control over health resources to broker an unequal exchange between generalized suffering and limited access to care. In the 1980s, health activists mobilized to overturn the aviamento’s care regime and institutionalize health care as a universal right and state obligation. Despite subsequent growth in medical infrastructure, interviews with contempora

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Sampson, Tony. "A Virus in Info-Space." M/C Journal 7, no. 3 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2368.

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‘We are faced today with an entire system of communication technology which is the perfect medium to host and transfer the very programs designed to destroy the functionality of the system.’ (IBM Researcher: Sarah Gordon, 1995) Despite renewed interest in open source code, the openness of the information space is nothing new in terms of the free flow of information. The transitive and nonlinear configuration of data flow has ceaselessly facilitated the sharing of code. The openness of the info-space encourages a free distribution model, which has become central to numerous developments through

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McCosker, Anthony, and Rowan Wilken. "Café Space, Communication, Creativity, and Materialism." M/C Journal 15, no. 2 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.459.

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IntroductionCoffee, as a stimulant, and the spaces in which it is has been consumed, have long played a vital role in fostering communication, creativity, and sociality. This article explores the interrelationship of café space, communication, creativity, and materialism. In developing these themes, this article is structured in two parts. The first looks back to the coffee houses of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to give a historical context to the contemporary role of the café as a key site of creativity through its facilitation of social interaction, communication and information

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