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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Merchant'
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1
Cheer, Karen A. "Irish maritime trade in the eighteenth century : a study in patterns of trade, market structures, and merchant communities : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/895.
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Chu, Ian Pui. "Crossing the borders of a merchant class: imaging and representing elite status in the portraits of the Hong merchants of Canton." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/391.
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Portraits of hong merchants produced in the latter period of the Canton Trade (1820-1840) portray these merchants in a new manner — one that previously had not been seen in China. These portraits depict Chinese subjects through a pastiche of signs associated with China's elite, yet the medium of oil painting and the use of perspective, drawn primarily from European artistic traditions, was unusual in Canton and was not in popular use in China as a whole. This study examines portraits of hong merchants executed by a Scottish artist residing in Canton, George Chinnery, as well as his Chinese student, Lamqua, in order to trace a particular form of portraiture that emerged at this time. As I will argue, this type of portraiture evoked the contradictions inherent in the hong merchant's position, which was situated between Chinese rule and foreign trade, and also gave form to a range of tensions and disparities that existed between the merchants and Chinese mandarin officials, or hoppos.
Along with the exchange of commodities which was central to the merchants trade, there existed a simultaneous cultural exchange which was affected by new media and new forms of knowledge. The introduction of oil painting to China and the circulation of merchant portraits are a case in point. The hong merchant portraits offered a stage for the performance of a carefully constructed and imagined identity that encapsulated a range of desires and aspirations for elite status within China. Furthermore, these portraits also served as an important mode of exchange with, and for, European viewers. This identity was a performance of status and class both in the imagination of the hong merchant, but also one performed for foreign traders who would see these images. The portraits of the hong merchants thus embody diverse social dimensions where the subject is embedded within a network of references to class, rank, and demeanour. Using the medium of oil paint, the illusion of the image extended beyond the use of shadow and perspective as the portraits inscribed an identity for the hong merchant that was at once elusive and illusive.
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Gambling, Stella. "Iconology in The Merchant of Venice." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325295.
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Jurgens, Ulrich. "Enforcement of UK merchant shipping legislation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/67656/.
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The basis of this thesis is an investigation of Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) administrative and criminal enforcement files, relating to UK detentions and prosecutions. It would appear that this is the first time that such an analysis has been made. The thesis is divided into four parts of which Part B and C form the heart of the work. These two consider administrative (Part B) and criminal (Part C) enforcement measures and discusses their legal basis. But before these subjects are dealt with in more detail, enforcement personnel and their roles are analysed (Part A), and their role is compared to inspectors of the Health and Safety Executive and the Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB). Human rights and their impact on both enforcement process and inspectors of MCA and MAIB are addressed within the context of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 and Regulations issued under the Act. The thesis identifies inconsistencies of UK legislation when compared with European law and apparent lack of clarification within UK law. The analysis of administrative enforcement measures focuses on detentions of merchant ships whereas the discussion of criminal enforcement measures concentrates on the areas which the files suggested were the most affected by investigations and prosecutions, namely groundings, violations of the Collision Regulations and pollution incidents. It becomes clear from the research that detentions by far outweigh prosecutions, that MCA policy supports this approach and that enforcement personnel indicate a preference for such administrative enforcement measures. However, a large number of Detention Notices were found non-compliant with legal requirements. Still only one case was identified, documented and discussed where the MCA was taken to arbitration by the owner affected by a detention. The thesis offers suggestions as to how the work of MCA enforcement personnel can be improved and (Part D) what measures would seem to be appropriate for the lawmakers to take in the future. It is suggested that the approach taken in recent European oil pollution legislation to focus on serious negligence rather than on strict criminal liability could offer a suitable way forward. Throughout this work I have endeavoured to state the law as at 31 October 2008. In a number of cases it has been possible to take account of developments since that date as my viva voce only took place in June 2009. I have made reference to new European and UK pollution legislation (see Chapter 13, fn 1) which came into force or will come into force in the course of 2009. I also used the decision in TS Lines Ltd v. Delphis NV (The TS Singapore), [2009] EWHC B4 (Comm) in Chapter 8.6.2. to help clarify the discussion about the quantum of compensation in an arbitration over a detention. But I did not carry out a detailed analysis of the new legislation and that case. The decision in Club Cruise Entertainment and Travelling Services Europe BV v. The Department For Transport [2008] EWHC 2794 (Comm) of 18 November 2008, however, was fully analysed and relevant aspects found their way into the discussion in the thesis.
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VanHorn, Kellie Michelle. "Eighteenth-century colonial American merchant ship construction." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1421.
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Past research on eighteenth-century ships has primarily taken one of two avenues, either focusing on naval warship construction or examining the merchant shipping industry as a whole in terms of trends and economics. While these areas are important to pursue, comparatively little is known about actual construction techniques used on the ordinary merchant vessels of the period. Most modern sources emphasize hull design and lines drawings; contemporary sources take a similar direction, explaining the theory of ship design but often leaving out how to put the ship together. In recent years, however, new information has come to light through archaeological excavations regarding Anglo-American merchant ship construction. In this study, several of these shipwrecks were examined in light of economic factors and the literary evidence from the period in an attempt to gain a better understanding of colonial American merchant ship construction in the eighteenth century. While the data set was not large enough to make conclusive statements, this type of comparative analysis should begin to establish a
framework for the interpretation of future shipwreck excavations.
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Schutte, Philippus Jacobus Wilhelmus. "A risk mitigation tool for merchant selection." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1382.
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Organisations or individuals that lend money (banks and micro lenders) or that sell goods on credit (retailers) are classified as credit providers. The debtor enters into a contractual agreement with a credit provider, or creditor, with the obligation to repay the loan amount, fees and interest according to a predetermined schedule. The contractual agreement, also known as a credit agreement, is as a general rule very complex. Legislation protecting debtors in various ways is an international phenomenon. In South Africa, the National Credit Act, Act 34 of 2005 (NCA) was enacted in 2005. The NCA changed the playing field for credit providers participating in the South African consumer credit market to a great extent. Consumer lending is the sleeping giant of the financial sector. The key to successfully unlock this enormous market is the credit provider's ability to accurately assess the creditworthiness of a potential customer during the customer acquisition phase. The creditworthiness of the customer is related to the risk of default, i.e. a debtor's non-payment of debt in terms of the credit agreement. The risk of default is also known as credit risk. Real People Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd (RPIH) classifies credit risk as the single largest risk the Group is exposed to. They recognise that the intelligent and responsible management of credit risk makes it the Group's largest profit driver. Credit risk scorecards are excellent decision aids during the customer acquisition phase. The characteristics and behaviour of merchants submitting credit applications to RPIH for assessment have a definite impact on the credit risk of the Group. The merchant plays a pivotal role in the debtor-creditor-supplier business model. The merchant influences the customer's sales experience and subsequent level of satisfaction with the transaction. A satisfied customer constitutes a lower level of credit risk for the creditor, in this case RPIH. The research is conducted with a positivistic paradigm. The cross-sectional study approach is used. The merchant is the unit of analysis. A sample of 77 merchants is selected from the population of 244 merchants who submitted credit applications to RPIH during the observation period. Questionnaires are used as the data collection method in this research project. The predictive ability of fourteen merchant related characteristics are demonstrated through this empirical study.
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Mallat, Niina. "Consumer and merchant adoption of mobile payments /." Helsinki : Helsinki School of Economics, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0708/2007358489.html.
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Agnew, Jean H. "The merchant community of Belfast 1660-1707." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241323.
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Lee, Byeong Eun. "A manual for equipping Asian churches in port cities of North America to develop the Reformed maritime ministries in their cities, beginning in Philadelphia." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Clydesdale, Greg. "Industrial leadership : a historical analysis of merchant shipping." Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1712.
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This thesis set out to explore the forces that determine the rise and fall of industrial leadership. It attempted to do this by applying an industry life cycle model to the shipping industry. The industrial life cycle was posited on the basis of existing literature, particularly the growth of knowledge, evolutionary and institutional literature, which lend themselves to patterns of industrial growth and entrapment. On this basis, this thesis set out to examine whether industrial leadership can be explained by a four-staged process of imitation, catch up, advance and entrapment. However, this thesis has exposed something more complicated. Processes of imitation, catch up advance and entrapment were shown to be at work in the shipping industry, but they were tempered by the effects of military and political forces that may not be exogenous, and the trend from regionalism to globalisation. The original model did not encompass early indigenous developments that are not based on imitation that do not immediately lead to a position of advanced leadership. In this light, a better description of the first stage would be capability building.
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Rowlinson, M. "The decline of UK merchant shipping 1975-90." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240467.
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Clark, Donald. "Merchant Marine Deck Officer Agency Through Performative Acts." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72884.
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I bring together ethnographic interviews with deck officers, studies in actor-network theory, explicit and tacit knowledge theory, and performativity theory in this work. I prove that bridge technologies produce what are called mimeomorphic (repeatable with some variation) actions that contain no deck officer collective tacit knowledge. I argue that deck officer bridge watch situated actions are mostly polimorphic (actions can vary depending on social context), and these actions are in fact performatives (in an Austin sense) derived from a more oral than literate performance production process. These performatives constantly build the mariner's identity within the maritime deck officer community and their successful performatives give deck officers agency in the form of an oppositional view to deskilling. These same performative acts are the value of the mariner's experiential technological knowledge within the ship's bridge technology framework.<br>Ph. D.
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Parillo, Mark Philip. "The Japanese merchant marine in World War II /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487329662144951.
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Salazar, Isaza Harold. "Economic analysis of transmission enhancement through merchant projects." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Maʻbadī, Mubārak Muḥammad Mubārak Ḥarashnī. "al-Nashāṭ al-tijārī li-Mīnāʼ Jiddah khilāla al-ḥukm al-ʻUthmānī al-thānī, 1256 H/1840 M-1335 H/1916 M". [Jiddah] : al-Nādī al-Adabī al-Thaqāfī bi-Jiddah, 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=m0hIAAAAMAAJ.
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Gibson, Sarah. "Merchant-ising England : the cultural consumption of the Englishness." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423929.
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Nadarajah, Selvaprabu. "Approximate Dynamic Programming for Commodity and Energy Merchant Operations." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/350.
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We study the merchant operations of commodity and energy conversion assets. Examples of such assets include natural gas pipelines systems, commodity swing options, and power plants. Merchant operations involves managing these assets as real options on commodity and energy prices with the objective of maximizing the market value of these assets. The economic relevance of natural gas conversion assets has increased considerably since the occurrence of the oil and gas shale boom; for example, the Energy Information Agency expects natural gas to be the source of 30% of the world's electricity production by 2040 and the McKinsey Global Institute projects United States spending on energy infrastructure to be about 100 Billion dollars by 2020. Managing commodity and energy conversion assets can be formulated as intractable Markov decision problems (MDPs), especially when using high dimensional price models commonly employed in practice. We develop approximate dynamic programming (ADP) methods for computing near optimal policies and lower and upper bounds on the market value of these assets. We focus on overcoming issues with the standard math programming and financial engineering ADP methods, that is, approximate linear programing (ALP) and least squares Monte Carlo (LSM), respectively. In particular, we develop: (i) a novel ALP relaxation framework to improve the ALP approach and use it to derive two new classes of ALP relaxations; (ii) an LSM variant in the context of popular practice-based price models to alleviate the substantial computational overhead when estimating upper bounds on the market value using existing LSM variants; and (iii) a mixed integer programming based ADP method that is exact with respect to a policy performance measure, while methods in the literature are heuristic in nature. Computational experiments on realistic instances of natural gas storage and crude oil swing options show that both our ALP relaxations and LSM methods are efficient and deliver near optimal policies and tight lower and upper bounds. Our LSM variant is also between one and three orders of magnitude faster than existing LSM variants for estimating upper bounds. Our mixed integer programming ADP model is computationally expensive to solve but its exact nature motivates further research into its solution. We provide theoretical support for our methods: By deriving bounds on approximation error we establish the optimality of our best ALP relaxation class in limiting regimes of practical relevance and provide a theoretical perspective on the relative performance of our LSM variant and existing LSM variants. We also unify different ADP methods in the literature using our ALP relaxation framework, including the financial engineering based LSM method. In addition, we employ ADP to study the novel application of jointly managing storage and transport assets in a natural gas pipeline system; the literature studies these assets in isolation. We leverage our structural analysis of the optimal storage policy to extend an LSM variant for this problem. This extension computes near optimal policies and tight bounds on instances formulated in collaboration with a major natural gas trading company. We use our extension and these instances to answer questions relevant to merchants managing such assets. Overall, our findings highlight the role of math programming for developing ADP methods. Although we focus on managing commodity and energy conversion assets, the techniques in this thesis have potential broader relevance for solving MDPs in other application contexts, such as inventory control with demand forecast updating, multiple sourcing, and optimal medical treatment design.
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Machado, Pedro Alberto Da Silva Rupino. "Gujarati Indian merchant networks in Mozambique, 1777-c.1830." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417047.
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Wilson, Arline Margaret. "Culture and commerce : Liverpool's merchant elite c.1790-1850." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363947.
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Hottle, Nathan E. (Nathan Edward) 1976. "Valuation methods for capital investment in merchant power plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30032.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).<br>Wholesale electricity in the U.S. and many other countries is increasingly being supplied by unregulated firms competing to sell their product in competitive markets. Developers of the new merchant plants face a different set of risks than the regulated vertically integrated utilities that formerly owned the generating resources that supplied electricity to customers in their service area. This thesis evaluates the impact that industry restructuring will have on investments in capital-intensive electricity generation technologies and assesses the applicability of traditional economic valuation methods to investment decisions in a competitive wholesale electricity market. The evidence is presented through the use of a case study on the Likelihood of investment in new nuclear power plants in both organizational arrangements as predicted by two economic valuation methods. The results suggest that merchant developers will favor less capital-intensive technologies and that the traditional valuation method for power plant investment fails to capture the total effect on investment decisions of the new market arrangement. Economic studies that ignore the true nature of merchant plant investment will provide misleading conclusions regarding the relative competitiveness of generating technologies.<br>by Nathan E. Hottle.<br>S.M.
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Ward, Caroline B. "The Value of Commerce in The Merchant of Venice." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1278.
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This thesis explores the pervasive role of commerce in Shakespeare’s comedy The Merchant of Venice, with a particular focus on the characters of Antonio, Bassanio, Shylock, and Portia, and the dual locales of Venice and Belmont. The way in which various characters engage in commerce is a reflection of their individual motives and affiliations. At the same time, the rhetoric of commerce, worth, and value colors the speech of various characters, and influences seemingly extra-commercial considerations such as identity, friendship, religion, socioeconomic status, and love. Ultimately, a close analysis of commercial transaction and language in the play reveals the complex nature of the narrative’s social dynamics and conflicts, and challenges what it means for characters to receive justice and possess agency in the world.
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Al-Buloushi, Ayman Bader. "Corporate governance in Kuwait : the role of merchant families." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ed41aa41-6417-4129-8548-02125e44e510.
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This thesis explores why there is no corporate governance code in Kuwait. It applied the new institutional sociology theory to explain the dominant logics; the community of practices, whether the current companies Act (article 15) is adequate and whether these practices coincide with international codes, such as the OECD principles of corporate governance, and the UK combined code. Twenty-three interviews have been conducted and 819 questionnaires have been distributed to legislators, regulators, board members, executive managements, and investors to explore their perceptions about the current practices and the factors preventing the issuance of a corporate governance code in Kuwait. The findings confirm that there is one community of practices within the organisational field of listed companies that contradicts the international normative practices around the world. This refers to the fact that the current Act has become outdated and weak as a result of the political pressure exerted by the merchant families‘ party in the parliament who have established a network of actors between them and the government to prevent the issuance of any act that would threaten their power and control over the listed companies.
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Kalan, Anesh. "Understanding merchant adoption of m-payments in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22834.
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Despite the proliferation of mobile communication technology and smartphone adoption, a number of barriers, most notably trust and security, and the lack of critical mass, have slowed the uptake of mobile payments (m-payments). Little is understood about the factors driving the success of novel, intermediating technologies such as m-payments, particularly in emerging markets. In this thesis, we empirically investigated the factors that affect the success of m-payments in Cape Town, from the merchant's perspective. The research model is based on the Perceived Characteristics of Innovation (PCI) instrument developed by Moore and Benbasat (1991) which measures an individual's perception of adopting m-payments. Our results found the main adoption drivers to be relative advantage, ease of use, results demonstrability, convenience, speed of transaction, and service provider brand value. The key barriers to adoption include cost as well as trust and security. Based on our findings, implications for practice and future studies are suggested.
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Blaylock, David Wade. "Industrialization and images of the merchant in Meiji Japan /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487777901658513.
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Abila, Sanley S. "The occupational socialisation of merchant marine cadets in the Philippines." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/96904/.
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This thesis explores the occupational socialisation of Filipino merchant marine officer cadets through their experiences of maritime education and training (MET). The socialisation of the cadets is contextualised within the broad aim of the global and national regulations of MET to develop competent seafarers. In the international seafaring labour market, there is an increasing trend of labour participation of seafarers coming from the ‘new labour supplying countries’ (NLSCs). The Philippines is seen by industry insiders to be one of the top NLSCs for officers. However, the academic literature is silent about the experiences of officer cadets of their education and training especially those coming from NLSCs. Using multi-modal data collection tools such as in-depth interviews, field notes and document analysis, this qualitative study examines the experiences of the current and former cadets under the sponsored cadetship programs (SCPs) in the Philippines in order to analyse first-hand experiences of MET. The key findings of this thesis are: (a) SCPs are officer training platforms developed mainly by shipping companies to meet their sea-based labour needs and intended to comply with the Philippine standards of MET; (b) there are a variety of SCPs from which four models are described in this study; (c) SCPs utilise a ritualistic socialisation of cadets in college campus as key mechanism of training; and (d) there is a diversity of shipboard training experiences of cadets ranging from well-planned training programs to the complete absence of programs. The thesis concludes the following: (a) the quality of training experienced by the cadets is characterised as a highly regulated and reinforced professionalization process intent on producing certificated officers; (b) the SCPs are routes for migrant work for mainly male Filipinos being guaranteed a post-collegiate sea-based employment by their shipping patrons; (c) the socialisation of the cadets is influenced by processes of globalisation embodied in the global standards of MET enforced locally, and the role of international shipping companies in funding the recruitment and training of cadets as well as offering them post-training employment; and (d) in spite of global and local standards of MET, there is no common or shared understanding of the notion of seafaring competence among the trainers, which have affected the way competencies were taught and assessed.
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King, Andrew. "The merchant class and borough finances in later medieval Norwich." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359518.
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Cavaco, Fernando Almeida. "Human relations on board merchant ships : a function of leadership." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261272.
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Kilian, Eduard. "Merchant cash advances : investigating the taxation consequences in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86220.
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Thesis (MAcc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the recent credit crisis in 2008, innovative lending products have emerged to address the need for enterprises to maintain and improve their cash flows. One such product is the merchant cash advance (MCA). This form of finance is related to debt factoring and is essentially the business equivalent of a payday loan. In its most common form, a lump sum payment is made to a business in exchange for an agreed upon percentage of future credit and/or debit card receivables. A percentage of the merchant’s daily credit or debit card receivables is retained, either directly from the processor that clears and settles the credit or debit card payment or via a debit order from the merchant’s bank account, until the obligation has been met. The future receivables are purchased at a discount and a processing fee is also charged.
Many merchant cash advance service providers (MCASP) structure their business in such a way that it resembles traditional debt factoring. In this manner, MCASPs endeavour to distinguish their product offering from traditional loans, in an effort to elude legislation that would affect loans, for example the limiting of interest rates charged.
There is however currently a lack of definitive guidance on the taxation consequences from the perspective of the merchant utilising the product and the MCASP providing it. The purpose of this research is to investigate the taxation consequences of MCA transactions in South Africa in an attempt to provide such guidance. The key issue for consideration affecting the taxation consequences of MCAs is the classification of these transactions as either a form of debt factoring or as loans. The research considers and suggests the appropriate classification of these transactions. The taxation treatment is then considered based on this classification from the perspective the merchant utilising the product and the MCASP providing the product. Taxation issues investigated, include the income tax treatment of the discounting cost as “interest”, the availability of deductions allowed by the Income Tax Act and the Value-Added Tax consequences.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die onlangse kredietkrisis in 2008 het innoverende leningsprodukte na vore gekom om te voorsien in die vraag van ondernemings om hul kontantvloei te handhaaf en verbeter. Een van hierdie produkte is die handelaarskontantvoorskot (HKV). Hierdie vorm van finansiering is verwant aan skuldfaktorering en is basies die besigheidsekwivalent van ‘n betaaldaglening. In die mees algemene vorm, word ‘n enkelbdragbetaling aan ‘n besigheid gemaak in ruil vir ‘n voorafbepaalde persentasie van die toekomstige krediet- en/of debietkaartdebiteure. ’n Persentasie van die handelaar se daagliske krediet- of debietkaart debiteure word teruggehou totdat die skuld afgelos is. Invordering vind plaas direk vanaf die verwerker wat die krediet- of debietkaartbetaling goedkeur en betaal, of deur middel van ‘n debietorder direk vanaf die handelaar se bankrekening. Die toekomstige debiteure word teen ‘n diskonto aangekoop en ‘n verwerkingsfooi kan ook gehef word.
Baie handelaarskontantvoorskot-diensverskaffers (HKVD) struktureer hul besighede op so ‘n wyse dat dit soos tradisionele skuldfaktorering voorkom. Op hierdie manier beoog HKVD’s om hul produk van tradisionele lenings te onderskei, met die doel om wetgewing vry te spring wat lenings sou beïnvloed, byvoorbeeld beperkings op rentekoerse gehef.
Daar is egter tans ‘n tekort aan beslissende leiding, wat die belastinggevolge betref, uit die perspektief van die handelaar wat die produk benut en die HKVD wat dit verskaf. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te ondersoek wat die belastinggevolge van HKV’e in Suid-Afrika is in ‘n poging om hierdie leiding te verskaf. Die kernaangeleentheid vir oorweging wat die belastinghantering affekteer, is die klassifisering van HKV-transaksies as ‘n vorm van skuldfaktorering of as lenings. Hierdie navorsing skenk oorweging aan hierdie transaksies en stel ‘n toepaslike klassifikasie voor. Die belastinghantering word dan oorweeg, gebaseer op hierdie klassifikasie uit die perskeptief van die handelaar wat die produk benut en die HKVD wat die produk verskaf. Belastingaangeleenthede wat ondersoek word, sluit die inkomstebelastinghantering van die diskonto gehef as “rente” in, die beskikbaarheid van aftrekkings toegelaat kragtens die Inkomstebelastingwet en die gevolge vir Belasting op Toegevoegde Waarde.
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Ludwig, Carlos Roberto. "Mimesis of inwardeness in Shakespeare's drama : The Merchant of Venice." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71936.
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Esta Tese de Doutorado tem por objetivo discutir a questão da mimesis da interioridade no Mercador de Veneza, de William Shakespeare. A pesquisa está embasada na obra Inwardness and Theater in the English Renaissance, de Maus (1995), e na obra Shakespeare Philosophy, de McGinn (2007), na crítica literária da peça. Maus apresenta a interioridade como um constructo social e cultural da Renascença Inglesa. Ela analisa a interioridade tomando como base a oposição entre aparências, consideradas falsas e enganosas na época, e interioridade, que era tida como manifestações sinceras e verdadeiras das dimensões interiores do indivíduo. Contudo, McGinn vai além da discussão de Maus sobre interioridade, ao perceber que Shakespeare representou as dimensões obscuras incontroláveis do indivíduo. Ele apresenta as forças misteriosas que controlam os pendores interiores das personagens. Além disso, a tese busca analisar a constelação de motivos e a retórica da interioridade que representam sentimentos interiores na peça de Shakespeare. Parte da hipótese de que a mimesis shakespeariana da interioridade é representada em sinais, sutis tais como os silêncios, os não-ditos, as rupturas de linguagem, gestos corporais, pathos, contradições de ideias e pensamentos, a consciência, vergonha e atos falhos. Ademais, a mimesis shakespeariana da interioridade é construída através do artifício do espelhamento que é a representação das dimensões interiores e os pendores da mente nos sentimentos, ideias, gestos, pensamentos, comportamento e atitude de outras personagens. Na verdade, Shakespeare não inventou a interioridade, mas aprofundou a representação da interioridade introduzindo traços inovadores na linguagem do drama. Este trabalho também discute o estranho desenvolvimento da crítica sobre a peça, apresentando que a crítica dos séculos XVIII e XIX lia Shylock como um herói trágico, ao passo que a crítica do século XX lia Shylock como um vilão cômico, provavelmente influenciada pelo antissemitismo da primeira metade do século. Essa pesquisa foca sobre a estranha relação entre Antonio e Bassanio, assim como sua relação com Shylock. Sua relação é representada como homoerótica e o desejo de um frívolo sacrifício de Antonio por Bassanio sugere a interioridade de Antonio. Shylock é também representado como o pai primordial da peça e esse detalhe sugere a causa da tristeza de Antonio no começo da peça. Analisa também o teste dos escrínios de Portia e demonstra seu desejo de defraudar o testamento de seu pai, tão logo ela pede que se toque uma canção que sugere em suas rimas o verdadeiro escrínio. Discute os problemas da consciência de Launcelot e da interioridade de Jessica. Analisa também a relação distante entre Jessica e Shylock, como também sua partida da casa de seu pai e roubo de seu dinheiro, como uma forma de afrontar o poder patriarcal. Centra-se também na cegueira de Shylock para com as intenções reais de sua filha. Interpreta a cena do julgamento de Shylock e como Portia forja um julgamento fraudulento, anulando o contrato de Shylock a tomando sua propriedade. Apresenta uma discussão sobre a mimesis shakespeariana de interioridade, com base nas considerações de Auerbach e Dubois, assim como discute o problema do gênero da peça, sugerindo que a peça não é uma mera comédia, mas uma tragicomédia.<br>This Doctorate thesis aims at discussing the issue of mimesis of inwardness in The Merchant of Venice, by William Shakespeare. This survey is based on Maus‘ Inwardness and Theater in the English Renaissance (1995), McGinn‘s work Shakespeare Philosophy (2007) and the literary criticism on the play. Maus presents inwardness as social and cultural construct of the English Renaissance. She analyses inwardness based on the opposition between appearances, considered false and deceitful in the age, and inwardness, which was taken as true and sincere manifestations of the inward dimensions of the self. However, McGinn goes beyond Maus‘ discussion on inwardness, perceiving that Shakespeare represented the uncontrolled obscure inward dimensions of the self. He presents the mysterious forces which control the characters‘ inward dispositions. Moreover, the thesis aims at analysing the constellation of motifs and the rhetoric of inwardness which represent inward feelings in Shakespeare‘s play. It parts from the hypothesis that Shakespearean mimesis of inwardness is represented in subtle signs such as silences, non-said, breaks in language, bodily gestures, pathos, contradictions in ideas and thoughts, conscience, shame, and verbal slips. Furthermore, Shakespeare‘s mimesis of inwardness is contructed through the mirroring device which is the representation of a character‘s inward dimensions and dispositions of the mind in other character‘s feelings, ideas, thoughts, gestures, behaviour and attitude. Actually, Shakespeare did not invent inwardness, but he deepened the representation of inwardness introducing innovating traits in language in the drama. This work also discusses the awkward development of the criticism on the play, presenting that the 18th and 19th century criticism read Shylock as a tragic hero, whereas 20th century criticism read Shylock as a comic villain probably influenced by anti-Semitism of the first half of the century. This research focuses on the awkward relationship between Antonio and Bassanio, as well as their relationship with Shylock. Their relation is depicted as homoerotic and Antonio‘s desire of a frivolous sacrifice for Bassanio suggests Antonio‘s inwardness. Shylock is also depicted as the primordial father of the play and such detail hints at the cause of Antonio‘s sadness in the beginning of the play. It analyses Portia‘s casket trial and demonstrates her desire of outwitting her father‘s will, as soon as she demands to play a song which suggests in its rhyme the true casket. It discusses the problems of conscience in Launcelot‘s and Jessica‘s inwardness. It also analyses the distant relationship between Jessica and Shylock, as well as her leaving her father‘s house and taking his wealth, as a way of affronting the patriarchal power. It focuses on Shylock‘s blindness towards his daughter‘s real intentions. It analyses the trial scene and how Portia forges a fraudulent trial, undoing Shylock‘s bond and taking his property. It presents a discussion on Shakespeare‘s mimesis of inwardness, based on Auerbach‘s and Dubois‘ assumptions, as well as discusses the problem of the genre of the play, suggesting that the play is not a mere comedy, but a tragicomedy.
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Petherbridge, Steven. "Usury as a Human Problem in Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28450.
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Shakespeare?s Shylock from the Merchant of Venice is a complex character who not only defies simple definition but also takes over a play in which he is not the titular character. How Shakespeare arrived at Shylock in the absence of a Jewish presence in early modern England, as well as what caused the playwright to humanize his villain when other playwrights had not is the subject of much debate. This thesis shows Shakespeare?s humanizing of Shylock as a blurring of the lines between Jews and Christians, and as such, a shift of usury from a uniquely Jewish problem to a human problem. This shift is then explicated in terms of a changing England in a time where economic necessity challenged religious authority and creating compassion for a Jew on the stage created compassion symbolically for Christian usurers as well.
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Byrne, Frank J. "Becoming bourgeois : merchant culture in the antebellum and confederate south /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488203158828259.
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Martinez, De Luna Lucha Aztzin. "Murals and the Development of Merchant Activity at Chichen Itza." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1026.pdf.
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Guttman, Robert H. 1969. "Merchant differentiation through integrative negotiation in agent-mediated electronic commerce." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9738.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 1998.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. [149]-153).<br>This thesis proposes to fix online shopping by guiding it away from price comparisons and toward value comparisons. Though price comparisons may be adequate for simple products (e.g., books and music), they are inadequate for facilitating transactions of complex products (e.g., computers and automobiles). Consumers often must consider qualities other than price in their buying decisions and merchants usually prefer to differentiate themselves along alternative dimensions such as brand, customer service, delivery time, warranty, and other value-added services. Tete-a-Tete is an agent-mediated comparison shopping system that allows consumers to consider dimensions other than price in their buying decisions for complex products. The system helps shoppers answer two questions: what to buy and who to buy from. Tete-a- Tete's integrative negotiation interaction model (based on bilateral argumentation), together with a decision support module (based on multi-attribute utility theory), create an improved online shopping environment for both consumers and merchants. Consumers gain increased satisfaction as their search costs for complex products are reduced and merchants potentially increase sales as a result of their enhanced differentiation in the marketplace.<br>Robert H. Guttman.<br>S.M.
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Nielsen, Detlef. "Safety and working conditions in international merchant shipping : a study of fatal occupational accidents and a survey of world-wide fatality statistics of merchant seafarers." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250492.
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Marshall, Don Decourcey. "The Caribbean, NAFTA and regional development." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/380.
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This thesis examines the record of development and the prospects for national ascent in the anglophone Caribbean. It argues that a transformative dialectic is operating through the restructuring of political-economic relations in the Americas. NAFTA and its expansion open up possibilities for business linkages, joint venture arrangements, and investment and trade creation opportunities for participating countries. This is a structural development opportunity that Caribbean state managers can least ignore. Indeed, a record of missed or squandered opportunities extends backwards into the region's colonial past. Since the independence period, developmentalist projects have been stultified by populist-statism and the circulationism of merchant capital in the individual countries. In spite of this, the national option appeared a secure one. Economic viability rested on the sale of one or two cash crop exports; the securing of non-reciprocal trading arrangements in the international arena; the promotion of the individual countries as cheap labour platforms for foreign manufacturing; a dependence on incomes from tourism and offshore services; and easy access to international loan capital. Today, the shifting competitive dynamics of the international system have yery far reaching implications for the nature of the Caribbean political economy. Economies of scope and scale are increasingly being favoured. The region has been caught napping because capital accumulation remains rooted in distribution infrastructures and not production ones. Indeed, the hegemony of circulation over production in the Caribbean points to the special circumstances that attended the new political class at the time of independence in the 1960s. The stability goal took paramount importance. State managers and the old commercial oligarchy became united by a lowest commondenominator interest, i.e. to reap and extend the benefits of the status quo. The nature of this postcolonial arrangement meant that state managers would fail to deepen the process of capital accumulation and industrialise. This thesis suggests that in light of the present balance of global socio-political forces, and the region's economic malaise, the Caribbean will be on better ground to pursue economic recovery through a deeper form of regionalism. It argues that export-orientated development is a social transformation venture that goes beyond new fiscal measures and market reforms. Hence the need to engender the rise of a new economic class of industrial entrepreneurs. Accordingly, this thesis concludes that a regionalised developmental state in the Caribbean will be vital for altering the region's status in the international system and the hemisphere, and for pursuing a 'nurture industrial capitalism' project.
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Liang, Guang Yun. "The development of Chinese shipping policy." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310646.
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Christian, Jonathan. "Sealift and the U.S. Merchant Marine : vulnerabilities and implications for defense /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA276938.
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Baddack, Frank. "Lex Mercatoria: scope and application of the law merchant in arbitration." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Arbitration is the preferred method of dispute resolution in international trade. Naturally, a set of rules is necessary to govern the conflict&rsquo<br>s resolution. For cultural, political, economical or other reasons the parties&rsquo<br>national laws may not serve the individual interests and needs of that particular contract well. If one wants to avoid the application of both parties&rsquo<br>national laws, one can choose that the contract be governed by an a-national legal standard, e.g. general principles of International Trade Law or the general usages of a particular trade. These internationally accepted principles of law governing contractual relations are called lex mercatoria (law merchant).<br />
<br />
Lex mercatoria already existed in the Middle Ages and can even be dated back to antiquity. Later it disappeared through the nationalization of International Trade Law and was rediscovered in the 1950s, when international traders were again creating their own law and disputes were increasingly resolved outside of the national jurisdictions and applying a-national law. Lex mercatoria is being applied more and more by arbitrators and is therefore becoming increasingly important for dispute resolution in International Trade. Numerous different concepts and theories of lex mercatoria have been developed. Its being an autonomous legal system is questioned by some authors and the doctrine in favour of it called unfounded. The critics also argue that the authority to apply lex mercatoria may be a recipe for amateurism and the substitution of the arbitrator&rsquo<br>s private preferences for the parties&rsquo<br>intentions, for itis easy to proclaim common principles on the basis of limited knowledge. The lex mercatoria is said only to exist because scholars talk about it. However, these and other allegations can be refuted by critically analyzing the arguments that are supposed to underline those assumptions. Applying lex mercatoria to solve international trade disputes has many advantages. By choosing lex mercatoria the parties avoid rules which are unfit for international contracts, e.g. peculiar formalities, brief cut-off periods and special difficulties created by domestic laws. In addition to that, neither of the parties has the advantage of having the dispute governed by his own law. Since one of the central rules is the principle of good faith and fair dealing, lex mercatoria neither leads to arbitrary results nor does it favour the rich. Is it possible for the arbitrators to apply lex mercatoria if no law has been chosen by the parties? The failure of the parties to indicate a choice could well mean that they did not wish to have their contract governed by any of their national laws. In some awards arbitrators applied lex mercatoria as they considered the community of international merchants to be autonomous and to exist beyond national legislation. However, it cannot be deduced from the absence of such a choice that the parties have impliedly chosen lex mercatoria to be the law governing the conflict. Lex mercatoria is applicable only as a subsidiary law in cases where no national law has been chosen and seems apt.
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Keyser, Christina L. "Fashionable goods from a credible source Anthony Rasch, silversmith and merchant /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 201 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338865451&sid=12&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Baba-Ahmed, H. "Peasants, merchant capital and the state : Colonial Northern Nigeria, 1900-1939." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374450.
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This thesis examines the nature of the transformations engendered under the impact of the demands of the state and European merchants' . capital within the colonial political economy of Northern Nigeria until 1939. It examines, in'particular, the effect 'of these transformations upon three groups: the peasantry, the merchant class and the aristocracy. It is placed within the current debate on the nature and impact of European capital, operating within an imperial framework, on the political economy of colonies. It seeks to analyse the dialectical effect of the intercourse of European merchants' capital with peasant producers, indigenous merchant and an indigenous ruling class incorporated within the colonial system of administration. Beginning with an examination of the basic pre-colonial economic structures (peasant and slave agriculture, long-distance and internal trade and manufacture) it analyses the immediate effects of the subordination of the pre-colonial state structure under the colonial state, and of the colonial states' policies towards land;~labour and taxation. It then examines peasant involvement in the increased'. production of export commodities, and the role of European, Levantine and African merchant capital in the trade. It then examines the effect of this involvement on the structUre of peasant relations of production, and finally examines the implications of intensified export commodity production within the wider context of a maturing colonial economy. It concludes that the twin demands to ensure initial political control and financial solvency by the state combined with the existence of a form of capital that intensified pettycommo~ ity production to create in Northern Nigeria a state system centred around:a class of non-producers, committed to a controlled, guided change, dependent upon surplus from a peasantry, and class relations that aimed at perpet~ating the political subordination of the peasantry. Material for the thesis vas gathered from actual sources in the' National Archives,'Kaduna, Nigeria, Public Records Office in London, and from published boQks and journals from the University of Sussex, England.
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Sonnenberg, Nadav. "Organisational and institutional environmental effects upon merchant marine officers' occupational commitment." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1954.
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Gharibyan-Kefalloniti, Nana. "Relational aesthetics and emotional relations : Leadership on board merchant marine ships." Thesis, City University London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514490.
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Costa, Thomas. "Economic development and political authority: Norfolk, Virginia merchant-magistrates, 1736-1800." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623807.
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Colonial Norfolk, Virginia, developed a more diversified economy than much of the rest of the tobacco-growing Chesapeake. Through a vigorous trade to the West Indies in agricultural products, local merchants prospered, and in 1736 a group of the leading local traders received a charter incorporating Norfolk town as a borough. From that time until the Revolution, through the offices of mayor and aldermen, who corresponded to county magistrates elsewhere in Virginia, the founding merchants and their hand-picked successors governed the town.;Norfolk's merchant-magistrates retained their grip on the town's political and economic life until after the Revolution, despite competition from new arrivals who came to Norfolk after 1750. This influx of new men resulted from economic developments in the wider Atlantic trading world which fueled significant local commercial expansion and created tensions resulting in violence in Norfolk in the 1760s.;The turbulence of the 1760s played a role in determining how Norfolk's merchant-magistrates reacted to the growing imperial crisis. While the established leaders formed the core of the area's patriot group during the Revolution, many of the newer arrivals remained loyal to Great Britain. at the beginning of the conflict, Norfolk Borough was almost totally destroyed, and its merchants, patriot and loyalist, became dispersed.;Norfolk's patriot merchants provide much-needed aid in supplying Virginia during the Revolution, and their wartime careers placed them in a favorable position to resume leadership of the borough after the war. In the post-war years, while the merchant-magistrates lost their oligarchic hold on local government with the revision of the borough charter in 1787, Norfolk's commercial vitality resumed. By 1800, Norfolk's leading merchants saw their economic preeminence confirmed through the establishment of the Norfolk branch of the Bank of the United States and the Norfolk Chamber of Commerce in 1800.
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MONTANINO, FRANCESCA. "The Merchant of Venice sul palcoscenico della Storia. Interpretazioni regie riscritture." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1051350.
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La mia ricerca analizza la storia scenica di The Merchant of Venice dal Settecento fino alla nostra contemporaneità. Nella schiera dei classici shakespeariani, il Merchant si colloca senza dubbio tra i più problematici: si tratta di certo di una delle commedie più rappresentate nel mondo, tuttavia il motivo principale della sua attrattività, e al tempo stesso la ragione delle sue complessità, non si ritrova negli elementi connotanti il genere a cui appartiene (trionfo dell’amore romantico sull’antagonista, equivoci, travestimenti e smascheramenti, ecc…), ma nelle ambiguità e contraddizioni che trascendono la struttura del plot. Per questo è stata molto spesso oggetto di operazioni di riscrittura, teatrale o di altro genere, a partire dal primo Settecento fino ai giorni nostri. Molto spesso, in queste pagine come nel destino del Merchant, il centro della riflessione finisce per coincidere con il personaggio di Shylock: l’ebreo shakespeariano - villain estremamente sui generis, per quella sua capacità di trascendere, con il suo dramma concreto e vibrante, il proprio ruolo di oppositore al lieto fine - sopravvive alla memoria dell’opera stessa, diventando una sorta di archetipo per un eterno dibattito sulla questione ebraica. Inevitabilmente molta della fama del play shakespeariano coincide con quella del suo personaggio: Shylock mette in crisi gli equilibri della commedia, e il racconto della sua disfatta diventa spesso il fulcro drammaturgico, a cui gli innamorati di Belmont fanno da pallido contraltare. Il dibattito sull’antisemitismo influenza fortemente la percezione del Merchant fin dall’epoca moderna, e tantissime riscritture sono motivate dalla volontà di redimere il personaggio dalla sua immagine stereotipata, o al contrario di condannarlo definitivamente. Anche quando le rielaborazioni contemporanee si riappropriano della pluralità di punti di vista, presentando il Merchant come un dramma corale, l’ebreo e la sua disfatta emergono sempre in primo piano. Del resto, puntualizza il critico del “New Yorker” Alan Dopkin, “a production of The Merchant of Venice that treats Shylock as anything other than the most interesting person in the play will always fail.” In un percorso che ha il suo centro nell’esperienza teatrale, ho tuttavia cercato quanto più possibile di allargare la visione ad altri linguaggi artistici (letteratura, cinema, poesia), sottolineando le peculiarità di ogni riscrittura alla luce degli scenari sociali e politici in cui si colloca. Gran parte del lavoro si è focalizzato quindi sul confronto tra il testo shakespeariano e le sue rielaborazioni, intese nel senso più ampio di ‘trasformazioni’ (copioni, libri di regia, testi drammaturgici o letterari autonomi, opere filmiche) con l’intento di mettere in evidenza i cambi di prospettiva, gli elementi di continuità e i punti di rottura, i cambiamenti sociali e culturali di cui ogni esperienza è in qualche modo espressione.<br>The Merchant of Venice is undoubtedly one of the most problematic of Shakespearean classics: one of the main reason of its attractiveness and complexity could be found in the ambiguities and contradictions that overwhelmed the structure of the plot. The attempt to investigate such a complex play is the driving force for its many rewritings from the early eighteenth century to nowadays. The research covers almost four centuries of stagings, adaptations and appropriations, identifying the aims that leaded actors, directors and writers to re-read the play through the lens of the present. Despite the research had been particularly focusing on some selected theatrical experiences, the discussion includes other artistic languages as well (literature, cinema, poetry), underlining the peculiarities of each work in relation to the social and political scenarios wherein it spread out. The research proceeds comparing the original Shakespeare’s text with many of its ‘transformations’ (scripts, acting versions, novels, films, etc…) in the attempt to highlight the elements of continuity as well as the breakpoints, the social and cultural changes which emerge from each of these adaptations.
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Merchant, Nicole Dawn. "Problems American Indian/Alaska Native adult patients face when attempting the long term self management of their type II diabetes disease process." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/merchant/MerchantN0510.pdf.
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The American Indian/Alaska Natives people are plagued by Type II Diabetes. The poor management of this disease process has dire effects on the morbidity and mortality of this population. It is imperative to identify the challenges that this group of people face with the self-management of Type II Diabetes. The conceptual framework for this study was based on Dorothea Orem's health deviation of self-care requisites. These health deviations result from the disease state and are used for diagnosis and treatment (Orem, 1985). The literature review and the discussion of results with the relevant literature were organized according to Orem's six themes of health deviations in the self-management. A qualitative research method, involving open-ended interviews with five Native American participants, was used. The participants were asked questions regarding their diagnosis, challenges in self-management, knowledge of long term effects, and additional needed resources. The data were analyzed using Luborsky's (1994), method of thematic analysis to identify the challenges Native American adults encounter in the self-management of Type II Diabetes, resulting in 8 topics. These included: a) feelings about Type II Diabetes diagnosis and the implications for lifestyle changes, b) prior experiences with family who have Type II Diabetes, c) challenges and lifestyle changes in managing Type II Diabetes, d) personal contributing factors to poor management, e) support systems for managing Type II Diabetes, f) identification of good management of Type II Diabetes, g) knowledge of long term effects of Type II Diabetes, h) additional support and resources needed to manage Type II Diabetes. Diabetes is a complex disease process that requires ongoing education and consistent medical care. It is essential that health care providers evaluate and tailor their care to the challenges of their patient population to improve the health status of those with Type II Diabetes.
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Robertson, Abigail G. "The Mechanics of Courtly and the Mechanization of Woman in Medieval Anglo-Norman Romance." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1415804460.
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Cobb, Christopher B. R. "Combatting maritime piracy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA295083.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1994.<br>"December 1994." Thesis advisor(s): Gordon H. McCormick. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Sørstrand, Svenn Sætren. "A Decision Support Model for Merchant Vessels Operating on the Arctic Sea." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18582.
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With the ice cap diminishing rapidly on the Arctic Sea, the opportunity of using the Northern Sea Route (NSR) increases correspondingly. However, the climate and presence of ice on the NSR sets additional requirements, which represent an additional investment cost for the ship owner who’s potentially willing to use the NSR. These additional investment costs, mainly represented by the ice classification, may be up to 12 % higher on total ship cost, depending on ice class, see Polach, Janardanan, and Ehlers (2012). These estimates are however uncertain, as are many other specifics of operating on the NSR; the degree of ice presence, the future fee cost on the NSR, insurance and additional maintenance cost together with varying operational time on the NSR. Numerous of assessments to determine the potential cost advantage of using the NSR as a transit route have been conducted throughout the recent years. These are, however conflicting in their conclusions and a final answer to the question is therefore lacking. Therefore, this thesis presents a decision support model (DSM) that can be used to support and assess the question of using the NSR or not based on own costs and available information. The DSM takes into account amongst others; ice conditions, the vessels parameters and its performance in ice, the operational window on the NSR, the initial investment cost of the vessel, and finally the operational and voyage costs. All these variables are changeable, and therefore the potential user of the DSM can alter them and see its effect on the calculated output, which are, amongst others: the ship merit factor (SMF), the life cycle cost (LCC) and the required freight rate (RFR).In addition to the developed DSM, a scenario where investing in a new ice classed vessel for use on the NSR in the summer season when there is less ice, and navigating the Suez Canal Route (SCR) the remaining annual operational time is presented. Through a brief assessment on the cargo flow between East-Asia and Europe, it was decided to implement the DSM for container shipping, as this is the main traffic on the route which could benefit from the shorter distance provided by the NSR. Based on this decision, how to combine the fixed schedule of liner shipping with the uncertainty of the NSR has been discussed. Here it has been concluded that the best way to combine the two routes for liner shipping is to slow steam the NSR when the ice conditions are favourable. Furthermore, the design requirements for ships navigating on the NSR have been reviewed in addition to the limiting parameters and constraints of the route. These and other special requirements for NSR navigation have been summarized and compared versus the open water requirements of the SCR. In order to implement performance in ice and open water into the DSM, prediction methods for brash ice resistance, net thrust and open water resistance have been studied. These formulas, in addition to schedule, fuel, operational and voyage costs, cargo amounts and other calculations have been implemented in the DSM. With the DSM developed, it has been evaluated through sensitivity calculations to ensure that it behaves reasonable when input parameters are altered. Moreover, two case studies have been conducted, both using the established scenario of using the NSR in addition to the SCR. In the first case study, the performance of a SCR vessel fitted with an ice class and the other requirements needed is assessed for the different ice classes of the Finnish Swedish Ice Class Rules (FISCR). In the second case study, the possibility of optimizing the design of the first case study to fit the schedule and route better, and thus yield more profit, is investigated through the DSM.Under the given assumptions and input used, all the FSICR classed vessels are found to be more profitable using the NSR in the summer season than the same vessel without ice class navigating only the SCR. However, with the profitability declining as the ice extent and thickness grows, the dictating element on NSR profitability is the ice conditions. The 1A ice classed vessel have been found to be the best alternative of the FSICR vessels, when also taking into consideration the ice capabilities of the 1A ice class with respect to ice thickness. Results of the second case study show that having an optimized vessel for the specific route and schedule is important in order to maximize profit as the optimized 1A ice classed vessel show better performance in all calculated results and ice scenarios.The economic advantage of using the NSR under the given scenario is however marginal. And the potential user of the NSR must therefore take into account the additional risk and uncertainty in terms of ice navigation and unforeseen expenses of using the NSR, before making the final decision. With increasing traffic over the recent years, it is well established that using the NSR is technically feasible. Nevertheless, in order to have shipping on the NSR on a regular basis, one must first and foremost have ice conditions that permit safe, economic and consistent navigation. Secondly, there must be a consistent fee system, which does not take away the benefit of the shorter distance in addition to shorter lead-time for booking NSR assistance. With these prerequisites in place, use of the NSR can be beneficial financially and in terms of reduced emissions.
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Terblanché, Janet René. "The legal risks associated with trading in derivatives in a Merchant Bank /." Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1233.
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Jungclaussen, John F. "The Nazis and Hamburg's merchant elite : a history of decline, 1933-1945." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270103.
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