Relevant bibliographies by topics / Merchants guild

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Merchants guild'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 25 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Merchants guild"

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Miller, Owen. "Ties of Labour and Ties of Commerce: Corvée among Seoul Merchants in the Late 19th Century." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 50, no. 1 (2007): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852007780323896.

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AbstractThe wealthiest guilds of the Choson Dynasty (1392-1910) capital, Seoul, formed part of the government's provisioning system, providing mainly luxury goods for royal palaces, government offices and tribute gifts to China and Japan. The guild merchants were also expected to provide corvée labour to the government on a regular basis, although by the late nineteenth century much of this labour was commuted to cash payments. Using a collection of surviving documents from the guildhall of the Myonjujon (Guild of Domestic Silk Merchants), this paper looks in detail at the burden of corvée labour, particularly during the politically and economically tumultuous years between 1884 and 1894. It finds that the merchants' corvée reflected the close relationship between guilds and government and also the two-sided nature of this relationship for the merchants. Thus, while they received certain protections and privileges from the government, the guild merchants were also particularly vulnerable to official corruption, which found a damaging outlet in the corvée system. Les guildes les plus riches de la dynastie de Chosaon (1392-1910) Séoul ont fait partie du système de l'approvisionnement du gouvernement, fournissant principalement des marchandises de luxe pour les palais royaux, les bureaux du gouvernement et les cadeaux d'hommage pour la Chine et le Japon. Les guildes était aussi obligés à fournir au gouvernement la corvée régulière, bien que par la fin du dix-neuvième siècle beaucoup de ce travail ait été commuté aux paiements en espèces. En utilisant une collection de documents extant dansla maison de la guilde des marchands en soie domestiques (Myaonjujaon), cet article regarde en détail le fardeau de la corvée, en particulier pendant des années tumultueuses, politiquement et économiquement, entre 1884 et 1894. Il constate que la corvée des marchands reflétait la relation étroite entre les guildes et le gouvernement et également le caractère double de cette relation pour les marchands. Ainsi, alors qu'ils recevaient de certains protections et privilèges du gouvernement, les marchands de guilde étaient particulièrement vulnérables à la corruption officielle qui menait à l'abus du système de la corvée.
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Casteels, Isabel. "Haringhandel en heiligenverering : Het toenemend belang van religieuze praktijken binnen het Haarlems Schonenvaardersgilde in de zestiende eeuw." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 132, no. 4 (2020): 559–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2019.4.003.cast.

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Abstract Herring trade and holy feast. The growing importance of religious practices in the Schonenvaarders guild in sixteenth-century HaarlemThis article examines the importance of religious and social practices for a sixteenth-century guild of herring merchants in Haarlem. Although recent historiography on medieval and early modern corporations has shown the importance of these practices for guild life in general, not much is known regarding merchant guilds specifically. Using practice-oriented sources such as the administration and memberships lists in guild books, and religious artefacts such as the guild’s altar, this article maps the religious and social practices of the guild members. It argues that although in the sixteenth century the guild still presented itself as a guild of herring traders, these economic activities of the guild declined in importance in this period compared with its pre-existing social and religious activities. Thus, the function and practices of the guild changed over time, showing the flexibility of these dynamic institutions. The Schonenvaarders guild shows also the importance of these religious practices for both community cohesion within the guild and corporation-based lay piety in sixteenth-century Haarlem.
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Lamikiz, Xabier. "Transatlantic Networks and Merchant Guild Rivalry in Colonial Trade with Peru, 1729 – 1780: A New Interpretation." Hispanic American Historical Review 91, no. 2 (2011): 299–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-1165226.

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Abstract This article takes a fresh look at merchant networks that linked Spain and colonial Peru in the central decades of the eighteenth century. Spain’s trade with its American colonies has been studied primarily in the light of mercantilistic policies design to revive the exchanges. Much attention has been paid to the fierce rivalry between the merchant guilds of both sides of the Atlantic (those of Cádiz, Mexico City, and Lima), and their efforts to exert control over the trade, suggesting that transoceanic networks had a minor impact. In contrast, this article stresses the role of collaboration and mutual understanding between American and Iberian merchants. The adoption of a direct route linking Cádiz and Lima via Cape Horn in the 1740s, and the subsequent rise of a new, more competitive pattern of trade compelled merchants to build up sustained transatlantic networks that required a high level of personal trust. By using a previously unstudied cache of confiscated letters, this article shows that transatlantic travel, friendship, common regional and ethnic origin, and the increasing flow of information played a far more important part in the articulation of Spanish colonial trade than any merchant guild rivalry. These networks helped bring both sides of the Atlantic closer than they had ever been.
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Xu, Jingyin. "Chaozhou Guild Hall’s Social Functions and Cohesiveness." Journal of Innovation and Social Science Research 8, no. 9 (2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53469/jissr.2021.08(09).05.

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As one of the most eminent business groups in Chinese history, Chaoshan merchants have left footprints in a great many of places throughout the world and built up world-wide Chaozhou guild halls, sites with multiple functions range from supporting their countrymen, worshiping the gods in Chaoshan culture, dealing with commercial issues to holding many other activities that strengthen the cultural identity of the Chaoshan people. The historical sites can still be seen in Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Shantou, Hongkong and other cities in China as well as quantities of overseas districts. This essay will take some of the Chaozhou guild halls as research subject to examine how the buildings serve as social bond and how the social functions of the architectures are related to the cohesiveness. This essay argues that the construction of the Chaozhou guild halls root in Chaoshan people’s idea of solidarity, but the power of intensifying Chanshan people’s cultural identity lies heavily on the constructions’ social functions, in that the daily life, decision, and action of Chaoshan merchants are made to associate with the place closely. Numerous historical events took place in the guild halls engage into historical progression, and the guilds halls evolved into the chamber of commerce after establishment of the People’s Republic of China, which indicates the significance of looking at the historical architectures from the perspective of cultural studies.
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Zadorozhnyaya, Olga A. "The trends in the formation of the elite of the merchant class of tobolsk province (the last quarter of the XVIII – first quarter of the XIX centuries)." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University 55, no. 3 (2021): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/21-3/09.

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Merchants as the main subject of the business world of the Russian state in the last quarter of the 18th first part of the 19th centuries. was distinguished by ambiguity: on the one hand, its social status corresponded to national legislation, on the other hand, it was distinguished by regional characteristics. The subject of the research is the social gradation and the identification of the leading group of the merchant class of the Tobolsk province in the last quarter of the 18th first part of the 19th centuries: determining the principles of its separation and existence. The purpose of the article is to highlight the features of the group of hereditary merchants as the leading sub-class of the Tobolsk province (last quarter of the 18th first quarter of the 19th centuries) Methods. In preparing this work, we developed a research algorithm, which consisted in determining the total number of the merchant class of the Tobolsk province (610 separate surnames), which were divided using the historical-comparative method and the modeling method into separate social subgroups. Results: the research illustrates the heterogeneity of the guild merchants of the cities of the Tobolsk province in the last quarter of the 18th first part of the 19th centuries. as a participant in the business world of Western Siberia. Conclusions: There is traced the dependence of the social status of the merchant not so much on the size of the capital, but on the length of stay in the hereditary merchant. The Siberian merchant was distinguished in many ways by his isolation and practicality during his stay in the guild organization. At the same time, representatives of the leading sub-class preferred transit trade on the border with China or at all-Russian fairs. In this case, the merchant must be known both in his hometown and abroad for his commercial and social activities. Considering that the capital belonged to a merchant family, therefore, its members were distributed among various fields of activity. Thus, the trading class of the Tobolsk province had many common features, but due to internal gradation it was distinguished by fluidity, a clear division of responsibilities, and capital differentiation. Hereditary merchants represented a separate social subgroup, in which the title of merchant ... was preferred to everything in the world.
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Mastboom, Joyce M. "Guild or Union? A Case Study of Rural Dutch Weavers, 1682–1750." International Review of Social History 39, no. 1 (1994): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000112416.

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SummaryThis article discusses the defensive actions taken by a group of weavers in the rural eastern Netherlands in response to changing economic conditions; in particular, how they successfully re-established their weavers' guild to protect them against aggressive local merchants who were out to lower payments for woven cloth. A guild, by organizing many individuals into a group, could wield much more power than separate weavers on their own. But that was not all. Local weavers were aware that economic circumstances had changed, and that a new charter would have to be adapted so that it addressed the problems they faced. Hence, the charter they drafted provided for a guild that had the outward appearance of the old form of craft organization. However, in addition to the usual regulations it contains clauses that are more reminiscent of a trade union than a guild. The result was an organization that the weavers could use effectively to fend off their growing dependence on and subordination to merchants.
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Dianova, Nataliya. "Odesa in the integration processes of the XIX century." Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna, no. 17 (December 31, 2022): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2519-2523.2022.17.268827.

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This publication is devoted to the study of the economic component of the integration processes that took place in the 19 century thanks to trade operations through the Odesa port. The complex of archival and published documents and research literature used in the process of work made it possible to reconstruct the peculiarities of the development of the Odesa port. It was found that Odessa had not only a favorable geographical position, which contributed to the development of the port, but also became an attractive city for foreign merchants interested in the development of foreign trade, primarily in agricultural products. The activity of Odesa merchants and its contribution to the process of international trade is analyzed. It is noted that Greek, Italian and Jewish merchants achieved the greatest success in grain export. It was found that the number of Russian merchants of the 1st guild, which was engaged in foreign economic operations, was replenished at the expense of foreign merchants who, under the pressure of government policy, were forced to accept Russian citizenship. The Russians themselves, with minor exceptions, belonged to the 3rd guild and engaged in internal trade.
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Sleigh-Johnson, Nigel. "The Merchant Taylors' Company of London under Elizabeth I: Tailors' Guild or Company of Merchants?" Costume 41, no. 1 (2007): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174963007x182327.

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Probably the most neglected aspect of the history of the guilds and livery companies of early modern London is the ubiquitous subordinate organisation known as the 'yeomanry' or 'bachelors' company'. Many narrative histories of individual companies make only passing reference to the existence of a yeomanry, and dismiss the organisations as generally transient and insignificant. Per contra, the yeomanry of at least one of the major City livery companies represented to an extraordinary degree a company within a company in the later sixteenth century. By the time Elizabeth ascended the throne, the yeomanry body of the Merchant Taylors' Company had acquired effective responsibility for the vast majority of the Company's membership. To most contemporary and modern observers, the dazzling wealth, magnificent ceremonies and eminent members — entitled to wear the prestigious livery gown of the Company, and generally drawn from the mercantile and civic élite — were the most intriguing aspects of the history of the Merchant Taylors' Company. To the poor freemen below the livery these matters were of less significance. Part I of this article examines briefly the origins, nature and functions of the sub-company. Part II explores the degree to which this body represented the continuation of the traditions of the medieval guild of London tailors and continued to embody the aspirations and interests of its artisan members.
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Efimova, Viktoriya V. "COMPETITION IN THE FATE OF A PROVINCIAL MERCHANT: TOUCHES TO THE PORTRAIT OF VASSILY POPOV FROM ARKHANGELSK, 1767–1847." Ural Historical Journal 80, no. 3 (2023): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-166-174.

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The article studies the activity of the Arkhangelsk merchant of the first guild Vassily Alekseevich Popov in the first two decades of the 19th century. It clarifies the reasons for the rise and fall of his trading house, which failed to withstand the fierce competition with foreign merchants. The author chose V. A. Popov as an object of study because, firstly, he was one of the largest and most enter-prising among the native merchants of Arkhangelsk of this period, and, secondly, he was able to analyze and generalize his commercial experience, proposing to the government measures aimed at the revival and support of the domestic merchants. His economic reflections embodied a number of typical features of the development of the foreign trade in Russia at the end of the 18th — the first quarter of the 19th century, which influenced the careers of domestic entrepreneurs, namely: the instability of the foreign policy and economic course of the Russian government; conducting trade mainly at their own expense, in contrast to foreign merchants who actively used income from com-mission trade; extreme dependence on patrons among supreme and local officials.
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Cooney, Jerry W. "Oceanic Commerce and Platine Merchants, 1796-1806: The Challenge of War." Americas 45, no. 4 (1989): 509–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007310.

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The creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776 by Charles III of Spain and his Edict of Free Commerce two years later brought unprecedented commercial prosperity to the port cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo. Unlimited trade was now allowed between this region of South America and Spain. Exports—mainly silver from Alto Perú and pastoral products from the pampas—flowed in ever greater volume to the Iberian Peninsula. In return, merchants of the estuary received from Spanish commercial houses European manufactures and luxury items. This trade which spanned the South Atlantic depended upon a complex web of credit and merchant associations between the Old World and the New, and also upon the unobstructed traffic of Spain's merchant marine. In the 1780s and early 1790s with the Empire at peace Platine commerce contributed to both government revenues and the growth of a dynamic immigrant merchant community recently arrived from northern Spain. By 1794 the booming trade of the new viceroyalty justified the creation of the Real Consulado de Buenos Aires, essentially an official merchants guild to regulate the business affairs of this region.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Merchants guild"

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Miller, Owen. "The silk merchants of the Myonjujon : Guild and Government in late choson Korea." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497535.

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Tannous, Wilfrid. "Lo primer mariner fou savi mercader : la naissance d’une profession plurielle : essai de socio-histoire des marins de Majorque (1229 - ca. 1440)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2022. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2022/tannous_wilfrid_2022_ED519.pdf.

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Cette thèse se présente comme un essai de socio-histoire de la profession plurielle de marin dans le royaume de Majorque sur la longue durée, de la conquête de l’île par Jacques Ier d’Aragon en 1229 au soutien majorquin à la conquête du royaume de Naples par Alphonse V le Magnanime dans les années 1440. La substitution de la notion de « professionnel de mer » à celle floue de « gens de mer », employée dans l’historiographie, permet d’observer plus précisément ces hommes, en discernant pour chacun, de manière synchronique et diachronique grâce à la reconstitution de trajectoires individuelles, compétences et activités navales, fonctions à bord, et statut social à terre, dans un contexte médiéval où les statuts juridiques, des aristocrates aux esclaves, occupaient une place centrale dans l’identification des individus et la hiérarchisation de la société majorquine. Dans trois grandes parties successives, l’étude articulée et interdépendante des dimensions pratiques, institutionnelles et sociales de cette professionnalisation offre ainsi des réalités vécues multiples, individuellement et collectivement, tant en mer qu’à terre, qui dépassent le simple cadre normatif présenté dans les différentes coutumes de mer, les collectifs professionnels et les juridictions maritimes en vigueur dans le royaume de Majorque<br>This thesis is a socio-historical essay about the plural profession of mariner in the kingdom of Majorca over the long term, from the conquest of the island by James I of Aragon in 1229 to Majorcan support for the conquest of the kingdom of Naples by Alfonso V the Magnanimous in the 1440s. The substitution of the notion of "professional of the sea" for that of "seaman", used in historiography, allows for a more precise observation of these men, discerning for each of them, synchronously and diachronically thanks to the reconstitution of individual trajectories, naval skills and activities, functions on board, and social status on land, in a medieval context where legal status, from aristocrats to slaves, occupied a central place in the identification of individuals and in the hierarchisation of Majorcan society. In three main successive parts, the articulated and interdependent study of the practical, institutional and social dimensions of this professionalisation thus offers multiple lived realities, individually and collectively, both at sea and on land, which go beyond the simple normative framework presented in the different sea customs, professional collectives and maritime jurisdictions in force in the Kingdom of Majorca
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Books on the topic "Merchants guild"

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Shanxi Sheng xi ju yan jiu suo., ed. Jin shang hui guan: Jin merchants' guild-hall. Shanxi jiao yu chu ban she, 2009.

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Shanxi Sheng xi ju yan jiu suo., ed. Jin shang hui guan: Jin merchants' guild-hall. Shanxi jiao yu chu ban she, 2009.

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Tuman-Nikiforova, I. O. Gilʹdeĭskoe kupechestvo Eniseĭskoĭ gubernii (60-e gg. XIX-nachalo XX vv.): Uchebnoe posobie. RIO KGPU, 2003.

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Kurtuluş, Meltem. Ahilik ve meslek ahlâkı. KTO Karatay Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2016.

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Mokyr, Joel, ed. The European Guilds: An Economic Analysis. Princeton University Press, 2021.

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Abraham, Meera. Two medieval merchant guilds of south India. Manohar Publications, 1988.

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Bilben, Selçuk. Belgeli esnaf hatıraları. Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu, 2016.

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Yusuf, Ekinci. Ahı̂ birlikleri. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, 1988.

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Bozyiğit, Yaşar. Simav'da ahilik ve ahiler. Y. Bozyiğit, 2000.

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Borsari, Silvano. Una compagnia di Calimala: Gli Scali (secc. XIII-XIV). Università degli studi di Macerata, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Merchants guild"

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Weber, Max. "Merchant Guilds." In General Economic History. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003411857-21.

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Ammannati, Francesco. "Lavoro e società nel Medioevo: trasformazioni, contraddizioni e nuovi orizzonti." In Idee di lavoro e di ozio per la nostra civiltà. Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0319-7.36.

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The medieval approach to work was ambivalent, influenced by conflicting cultural legacies, as seen in the tripartite society and tensions between labour and ascetic ideals. The text explores medieval labour contracts, emphasising nuanced relations between servitude, subordination, and freedom, both in rural and urban context, highlighting evolving worker statuses in guilds. Medieval views on mechanical arts challenged Greco-Roman disdain, with intellectuals reconciling manual arts with divine wisdom, reshaping perceptions of practical skills. Societal changes, including city growth and merchant inclusion, challenged traditional orders: a new human perspective shaped by cities, merchants, rationality, and time, paved the way for ‘new man’ of the Renaissance.
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Shimazaki, Mio. "Post-Restoration Transformations and Merchant Guilds." In Revisiting Japan's Restoration. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003207771-32.

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Toaff, Ariel. "Merchants and Craftsmen." In Love, Work and Death. Liverpool University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774198.003.0010.

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This chapter examines Jewish merchants and craftsmen in late medieval Italy. Jewish carters and pack-saddle makers hired out their goods and conveyances for a daily or weekly rate. These carters from the city of Spoleto would often come upon Jewish cloth and saffron merchants from the Umbrian Apennines and the Marches. In Perugia, from 1383, Jews were enrolled in the guild of the cotton-waste and rag sellers, and had close relations with the wool guild, which they partly financed. Moreover, in the villages and larger Umbrian trading centres, Jewish cloth merchants had workrooms and shops where they received their town and country clientèle. Other merchants, too, travelled the roads of Umbria. These were the corn merchants, some of which were Jews. The chapter then considers the Italian leather trade, looking at the rise in the export of hides and leather by Jewish merchants from 1570 until the end of the century.
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Jaffré, Marc W. S. "‘From Shoemaker I Could Become Councillor’: Merchant Courtiers’ Strategies and Ambitions." In The Courtiers and the Court of Louis XIII, 1610–1643. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198957645.003.0008.

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Abstract Chapter 7 examines the merchants and artisans employed by Louis XIII’s court and their role within court society. The chapter emphasizes how large and varied the groups of merchants working for the court were as well as the different methods of remuneration employed by the court. Merchants mitigated risks involved with contracting with the court and maximized profits by forming associations with each other and by subcontracting part of their work to Parisian merchants. Court merchants benefited tremendously from exemptions from tax and custom duties, exemptions from guild structures, and the right to have their cases tried by the Provostship of the Household. Their exemptions led them to clash frequently with tax farmers and urban guilds, and it was a considerable advantage to be able to turn to the Provostship for support as it also relied on court merchants to help reinforce its own contested jurisdictional claims. Court merchants and artisans additionally exploited their court connections to participate in court society, pursue noble marriages for their daughters, acquire household offices, and elevate themselves into the nobility. The chapter reveals that court merchants were fully fledged courtiers, for whom the opportunity to participate in court society was one of the primary motivations for contracting with the court.
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Teller, Adam. "On the Istanbul Slave Market." In Rescue the Surviving Souls. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161747.003.0012.

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This chapter explores the experience of Jewish captives in the slave market in Istanbul. Despite the best efforts of the Muslim guild merchants to exclude Jews from the slave trade, there were always plenty of opportunities for non-guild merchants, prominent among them Jews, to act as unofficial traders or to broker various deals. Jews thus remained prominent figures in the business. All this meant that when it came to ransoming the captives, there were people in the Istanbul Jewish community with a great deal of experience in buying and selling slaves. Nonetheless, it was not they who led the campaign. That role seems to have fallen to the rabbinic leadership, who took their responsibilities in the field of pidyon shevuyim very seriously. The chapter then considers the challenge of raising the money for ransoming Jewish captives.
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Gavrilović, Biljana. "UGOVOR O NAJMU PREMA SRPSKOM GRAĐANSKOM ZAKONIKU." In XXI vek - vek usluga i uslužnog prava : knj.11. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxiv-11.015g.

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Subject of this analysis is a contract of lease under the Serbian Civil Code (1844). The definition of the contract of lease encompasses two contracts: contract of service and contract of work.The contract of lease had been using also as anemployment contract until 1910, except for an artisans and merchants. The employment contract for an artisans and merchants was regulated by a guild decree (1847). When the labor law (1910) was passed in Kingdom of Serbia, the lease no longer had the function of an employment contract. All in all, the contract of lease played a significant role in regulating labor relations during the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th.
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Ogilvie, Sheilagh. "Guilds and Growth." In The European Guilds. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691137544.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses different measures of guild strength, in terms of guild numbers, producer—merchant relations, guilds' internal cohesiveness, their relationship with the state, characteristics of towns, interaction with the countryside, and the role of guild-free enclaves. It also examines how guild strength and weakness were associated with economic performance across pre-industrial Europe. First, European societies with relatively weak guilds saw comparatively rapid economic growth from the late medieval period onwards. Second, economic performance differed more modestly between societies with intermediate guilds and those with strong ones. Third, strong guilds were not associated with high per capita GDP or rapid economic growth at any point between 1300 and 1850. This casts doubt on the notion that guilds generated net benefits for European economies, even in their medieval inception.
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Dreyfuss, Rochelle C. "Intellectual Property Law and the World Trading System." In International Economic Law. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199226931.003.0012.

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Abstract The origins of intellectual property rights are buried in a mixture of guild rules, censorship practices, and government activities aimed at stimulating local industry and ensuring commercial morality. It is clear, however, that by the time of the Industrial Revolution, the creative sector strongly perceived a need for exclusive rights over the fruits of its intellectual endeavors. Those who invested money, time, and effort in developing new technologies sought protection from free-riders, who would otherwise compete down the price of new advances and erode the original creators ‘ opportunities to recoup their costs and capture compensation for the risky investments they made. The ease with which written materials could be reproduced led authors and composers to make similar demands. And the rise in impersonal trade required merchants to develop unambiguous signals with which to communicate with customers.
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Trivellato, Francesca. "Bordeaux, the Specter of Crypto-Judaism, and the Changing Status of Commerce." In The Promise and Peril of Credit. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691178592.003.0005.

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This chapter looks at the circumstances in which Étienne Cleirac composed his writings. Whether Cleirac coined or merely repeated it, the legend of the Jewish invention of marine insurance and bills of exchange was his attempt at making sense of the changes in the legal, political, and social orders that the expansion of overseas commerce set in motion. Cleirac's life unfolded in a city where Jews were indistinguishable from local and foreign Christian merchants involved in long-distance trade, many of whom no longer belonged to a guild. It would not have surprised anyone in seventeenth-century France that New Christians, Catholics, and Protestants signed each other's bills of exchange and underwrote each other's marine insurance policies. Until 1723, however, crypto-Judaism was an institutionalized reality in Bordeaux. As such, the specter of crypto-Judaism infuses Cleirac's narrative of the origins of marine insurance and bills of exchange.
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Conference papers on the topic "Merchants guild"

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Abdrakhmanov, Konstantin A. "“…The merchant was the word. And the word was the merchant”? On the recovery of a debt from the Orenburg merchant A. K. Doinikov." In Торговля, купечество и таможенное дело в России в XVI–XX веках. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/tktdr-35-2023-28.

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The paper examines the phenomenon of a “merchant’s word” in the context of the business enterprise of the Orenburg merchant of the 2nd guild A. K. Doinikov. This example of the practical application of verbal guarantees of fulfillment of obligations confirms that a merchant’s word was not just a cliché formed in the business environment, but it was an effective tool for achieving a goal. However, organization problems that constantly accompanied business did not always allow merchants to keep their seemingly unbreakable oath.
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2

Komleva, Evgenia V. "Ego-texts from the Personal Fond of the Kyakhta Merchant M.F. Nemchinov in the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia: Composition and Prospects of Study." In Торговля, купечество и таможенное дело в России в XVI–XX веках. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/tktdr-35-2023-26.

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The article presents the characteristics of ego-documents from the located in the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia personal fond of the Kyakhta merchant of the second half of the 19th century Mikhail Fedorovich Nemchinov. Among the surviving manuscripts are autobiographical notes, personal and business correspondence. All these sources together form a voluminous merchant family archive, which in itself is quite a rare phenomenon. The texts contain information about the advancement of the social ladder of a native of the peasantry, later the merchant of the 1st guild, upbringing in peasant and merchant families of the 19th century, the realities of the daily life of Russian tea merchants in Kyakhta and Qing empire. If the information from the autobiography of M. F. Nemchinov has already appeared in historiography, then the correspondence materials mostly still remain unknown and not studied. Meanwhile, the appeal to them can significantly complement the existing ideas about everyday life and trading operations of Russian merchants linked with tea trade.
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3

Bakaldina, Elena V. "The Botkins’ letters on tea trading in the G. V. Yudin’s fond in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art." In Торговля, купечество и таможенное дело в России в XVI–XX веках. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/tktdr-35-2023-27.

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The Russian State Archive of Literature and Art holds the fond of G.V. Yudin (1840–1912), a merchant of the 2nd Guild, a well-known bibliophile, whose personality has repeatedly attracted the attention of researchers. However, the block of materials related to the Botkin family and consisting of 354 files (F. 1571. № 2114–2467) until recently remained practically not in demand. These papers cover the period from 1822 till 1870 (most of them the 1820–1840s) and relate to commercial activities of the Botkins. The difference between these documents and other Botkins’ trading papers is that they are dedicated to joint activities for all branches of the Botkins (D. K., P. K. and G. K. Botkins and their descendants). These texts shed light on the trading activities of the Botkin family in the first half of the 19th century (purchasing Russian goods for exchange in Kyakhta, buying tea there, transporting goods, wholesale tea at fairs), affecting, among other things, the participation of representatives of the senior branch of the family in these operations, about which little is known yet.
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4

Чернова, Л. Н. "On the Way to Power: The Misadventures of a XVth -Century London Artisan." In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.005.

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В статье рассматривается карьера ремесленника-портного Ральфа Холланда, стремившегося продвинуться на самую вершину политического Олимпа Лондона. Показано, что он использовал все доступные в той ситуации методы борьбы за пост мэра, который открывал дополнительные возможности для коммерческого успеха – и личного, и ремесленной гильдии портных. Фактически Ральф Холланд возглавил оппозицию власти, переросшую в волнения 1441–1443 гг. Однако купеческая олигархия английской столицы, используя административный ресурс, не позволила представителю ремесленной среды занять должность мэра. The article examines the career of the artisan-tailor Ralph Holland, who sought to advance to the very top of the political Olympus in London. It is shown that he used all the methods available in that situation to fight for the post of mayor, which opened up additional opportunities for commercial success – both personal and craft tailors' guild. In fact, Ralph Holland led the opposition to power, which grew into unrest in 1441–1443. However, the merchant oligarchy of the English capital, using administrative resources, did not allow a representative of the craft environment to take the post of mayor.
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5

Zhalsanova, B. T. "FUND 357 OF THE STATE ARCHIVE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA «MIKHAILOV ANDREY MIKHAILOVICH (1870-1923) - MERCHANT OF THE 2ND GUILD, HEADMAN OF THE ASHEKHABAT FAMILY OF IRKUTSK PROVINCE» AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF BURYAT SOCIETIES IN THE LATE 19TH- EARLY 20TH CENTURIES." In Международная научная конференция "Мир Центральной Азии-V", посвященная 100-летию Института монголоведения,буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук. Сибирское отделение РАН, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53954/9785604788981_133.

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