Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mercure de France'
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López, Camila Soares. "O simbolismo no Mercure de France (1890-1898) /." Assis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149934.
Full textBanca: Norma Domingos
Banca: Tania Regina de Luca
Banca: Guacira Marcondes Machado Leite
Banca: Viviane Araujo Alves da Costa Pereira
Resumo: Na França do século XIX, o periodismo alcançou o seu auge. A época é reconhecida por alguns estudiosos, a exemplo de Dominique Kalifa e Marie-Ève Thérenty, como aquela da "civilização do jornal", pois se notabilizou pelo surgimento de folhas populares, vendidas a preços módicos, e pelo considerável aumento do público leitor, assim como pela vulgarização do folhetim, espaço cedido à contribuição literária. Em sua maioria, seus colaboradores eram também homens de Letras que buscavam meios de subsistência ao se dividirem entre as colunas desses jornais e seus romances, poemas e peças de teatro. Subordinados não apenas a esse suporte, mas, também, aos editores da época, jovens escritores da década de 1880, embalados pelo sentimento de decadência do Positivismo e das ciências, ousaram romper com tal relação de dependência, criando revistas que rivalizavam com a produção da grande presse. Nasceram, assim, as petites revues. Nas petites revues, os jeunes, oriundos de agrupamentos decadentistas e simbolistas, podiam se dedicar àquilo que julgavam ser a "arte pura". Nesses periódicos, difundiam seus versos, excertos de romances, contos e, ainda, assinavam a crítica literária. Em 1890, veio à luz a série moderne do Mercure de France. Essa revista, dirigida por Alfred Vallette, foi divulgadora dessa crítica, publicando, entre 1890 e 1898, diversos escritos que lançavam um olhar atento sobre a produção literária de seu tempo. Além disso, mostrou-se parte integrante de um processo de dese... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In 19th century in France, journalism achieved its height. Many scholars, such as Dominique Kalifa and Marie-Ève Thérenty, recognize the period as that of the "newspaper civilization", when popular press appeared and it was sold in low prices, and the increase of the readership occurred, as well as the vulgarization of the feuilleton, a space accorded to the literary contribution. Most of its collaborators were also Men of Letters who tried to acquire their means of subsistence by dividing their time between the news columns and their novels, poems and plays. Subordinated not only to that support, but also to the editors from the period, young writers from the 1880's, encouraged by the feeling of decadence of Positivism and sciences, attempted to challenge the relation of dependence, creating magazines that rivalled with the production of grande presse. In this manner, the petites revues were born. In the petites revues, the jeunes, derived from the decadent and symbolist groups, could dedicate themselves to what they considered the "pure art". In it, they published their verses, short stories and literary criticism. In 1890, appeared the série moderne of the Mercure de France. The magazine, which was directed by Alfred Vallette, was a disseminator of this criticism, publishing, between 1890 and 1898, many writings that were interested to the literary production from the period. Besides, it showed up as component of a development process of the genre in France, of which pract... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Résumé: Au XIXe siècle en France, le périodisme a atteint son apogée. L'époque est reconnue par quelques chercheurs, comme Dominique Kalifa et Marie-Ève Thérenty, comme celle de la « civilisation du journal », car elle est devenue notable grâce au surgissement des feuilles populaires, vendues à bas prix et à la considérable croissance du public lecteur, ainsi que par la vulgarisation du feuilleton, espace cédé à la contribution littéraire. Dans sa majorité, leurs collaborateurs était aussi des hommes de lettres qui cherchaient des moyens de subsistance en se partageant entre les colonnes de ces journaux et leurs romans, poèmes et pièces de théâtre. Subordonnés pas seulement à ce support, mais aussi aux libraires de l'époque, les jeunes écrivains de la décennie 1880, bercés par le sentiment de décadence du Positivisme et des sciences, ont osé rompre avec tel rapport de dépendance, en créant des revues qui ont rivalisé avec la production de la grande presse. Alors, les petites revues sont nées. Dans les petites revues, les jeunes, originaires des groupements décadentistes et symbolistes, ont pu se dédier à ce qu'ils jugeaient être « l'art pur ». Dans ces périodiques, ils diffusaient leurs vers, des extraits de romans, des contes et ils signaient les textes de critique littéraire. En 1890, la série moderne du Mercure de France a vu le jour. Cette revue, dirigée par Alfred Vallette, a été propagandiste de cette critique-là, en publiant entre 1890 et 1898 plusieurs écrits qui portaient un... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous)
Doutor
Édith. "Paul Léautaud et le "Mercure de France" : chronique publique et privée : 1914-1941 /." Paris : Mercure de France, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37492299t.
Full textCastelle, Sabine Blanc Gérard Schäfer Jörg. "Spéciation et réactivité du mercure dans le système fluvio-estuarien Girondin." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/CASTELLE_SABINE_2008.pdf.
Full textFoucher, Delphine. "Géochimie du mercure dans des sédiments estuariens et côtiers : cas de la Seine (France) et de la baie de Kaštela (Croatie)." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-333.pdf.
Full textKéraudren-Rességuier, Elvie. "Images de l'opéra à travers le Mercure Galant (1672-1748)." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20090.
Full textThe detailed study of the french periodical Mercure galant over 75 years reveals a variety of aspects of opera from J. B. Lully to J. P. Rameau. In a rich variety of articles accessible to the general public dealing with venues, authors, dramatic art forms and critical acclaim, the magazine reflects the history of music during this period and provides a valuable record for us today. While this study portrays a musical portrait of the period 1672-1748, an attempt has also been made to go beyond the "official" face which the magazine embodies through its generous critical acclaim and appreciate analogous and less apparent facets which illustrate the public's taste for Opera (royal Academy of music) and the Court. Data have been cross referenced to shed light on both the evolution of opera during this period as well as the magazine's standpoint on the major aesthetic debats of the day : the dissidence between Ancients and Moderns; the taste for Italian music; opera as literary or as musical genre. The Mercure galant had a number of different editors over this period, most of whom where men of theatre: it is of interest to read what they had to say and to bear in mind what they did not say in order to understand the magazine's editorial line and to judge its strengths and weaknesses
Dias, Magali. "Méthylation du mercure par les bactéries anaérobies d'un écosystème estuarien." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3015.
Full textIn estuaries, traces metals such as mercury are trapped in sediments and persist in anoxic conditions. Among the bacterial communities from these ecosystems, some microorganisms produce methylmercury, very toxic for living organisms. The aim of this work was to increase our knowledge about the role of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) in mercury methylation in sediments of the Adour estuary. In situ analyses revealed a methylmercury impact on bacterial communities structure in one intertidal sampling station (B20). Mesocosms experiments allowed to measure the impact of mercury on microbial diversity and the methylmercury production could be quantified. The contamination by inorganic mercury imposed, due to its transformation in methylmercury, a selection impact under anoxic conditions. Isolation and studies of SRB strains showed a link between the presence of Desulfomicrobium and Desulfovibrio strains and mercury methylation. However, a study based on several strains of SRB, isolated in this study or from reference culture collection, showed that mercury methylation was species or strains specific. Both molecular (T-RFLP, cloning and sequencing) and cultural approaches (isolation and characterization) allowed determining SRB community composition in situ. A second study in mesocosm based on dsrAB transcripts seemed to indicate that oxic/anoxic oscillations, simulating the cycles of tide, had a weak influence on the active community of SRB. On the contrary, mercury additions caused temporary disturbances and therefore influenced the active SRB community
Vincent, Monique. "Donneau de Visé et le Mercure galant." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040243.
Full textDonneau de Visé and the Mercure galant. After a few attempts at novel or play writing, and while vainly applying for the post of royal historiographer, Donneau de Visé finds his real vocation by starting in 1672 "le Mercure galant" which he will control till his death. In monthly instalments, he publishes relations of contemporary events, information upon literary life, poetry, anecdotic and romantic short stories. Most of these articles are the work of society writers. The success of this publication won him violent attacks, such as the famous remark by la Bruyere "le h*g* (mercure galant) est immédiatement au-dessous du rien". This satire has often been ascribed to the opposite positions of the two writers in "la querelle des anciens et des modernes". The importance given by Donneau de Visé to the anecdotic and romantic short stories has been an incentive to make them known through a detailed analysis of each of them
Brétéché, Marion. "Les compagnons de Mercure. Écrire et publier l'information politique européenne. Provinces-Unies - France (1680-1740)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040165.
Full textThis study started from two surprising facts. Between 1680 and 1740, numerous works, written in French and published in the Dutch Republic, were labeled “historical” and devoted to describing and analyzing current European political events. The best example of this phenomenon is the publication in Leyden in late July 1686 of the “Histoire abrégée de l’Europe”, the first political monthly in French. This new editorial format (which we call “mercures historiques et politiques”) emerged was to know a great success. At the same time, some Histoires dealing with current events were also printed, as well as diplomatic collections, compiling all the pieces related to international relations. In fact all three types of books were penned by the same people, a dozen of exiled Frenchmen living in Holland who had never published anything before leaving France.These several printings, called “histoire du temps present européen” allow us to understand how, in late 17th and early 18th century Holland, writing about current political affairs turned into an profession, characterized by writing practices and skills that can help these authors to live by their pen, thanks to their public via several editorial media, and thanks the political authorities with which they entertained correspondences. By studying how these self-styled “specialists” have contributed to the emergence of a market for political information, I will analyze the processes they used to publicize political life and its instruments, and investigate the implications of this phenomenon on the way readers perceive the government’s action
Boussard, Marc. "Dynamique du mercure dans un sol industriel de la plaine de la Crau : étude en conditions contrôlées des mécanismes de circulation en phases aqueuse et gazeuse." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30065.
Full textThe forecast of the short and medium term’s behavior of mercury in a surface soil requires the determination, on the one hand, the main mechanisms characterizing its potential migration and, on the other hand, the evolution of its speciation, in this environment. The industrial site studied here, located in the plain of Crau (south of France), was initially polluted with metalic mercury. Chemical extractions highlighted the presence of methylmercury up to 1 mg/kg of soil, pointing out the transformation of metal mercury. They’ve also shown the presence of potential labile mercury in the soil solution, reaching 16% of the total depending of the layer, this mobility increasing with depth. Moreover, the development of specific columns made it possible to show an ascending mouvement of mercury, in the gas phase, and its strong re-fixation, in the surface layer. Finally, the existence of a double circulation of mercury inside the soil of this particular site has been shown : one ascending, in gas phase, leading to a tight segregation of mercury; the other, in aqueous phase and downward, where the element
Hissler, Christophe. "Dynamique et bilan des flux de mercure dissous et particulaire dans un hydrosystème anthropisé : Cas du bassin versant de la Thur (Sud du massif Vosgien)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13115.
Full textTo have a better understanding of the biogeochemical cycle of Mercury within the continental ecosystems and to estimate the impact of a local industrial source in the Mercury contamination, we began to study the dynamic and the budget of the Mercury fluxes in the Thur River valley located in the South of the Vosges Mountains. We realize for the first time an inventory of the Mercury contamination upstream to any anthropogenic source. The analyzes of the total Mercury content in the various compartments of the aquatic environment (water, suspended load, sediments) during one hydrological year allow us then to evaluate the annual average budget of the pollutant transfers and to determine the main processes which control its behavior between the different phases in the river. The results show that, in spite of an important atmospheric contamination over the upper part of the valley, the Mercury fluxes dicharged by the small upper tributaries are negligible compared to the anthropogenic effluents. The hydrological conditions and the chemical composition of waters (DOC, Chlorides, pH) control the distribution of the Mercury between dissolved and particulate phases in the river waters. Finally, the residence time of the pollutant in the main channel is wlow and 97 % of the Mercury released by the industrial effluent is exported at the outlet of the Thur Basin toward the floodable zones of the Alsatian plain. The rest of the Mercury is trapped in sediments of the river and can join the atmosphere in area where the méthylation processes can occur
Cerdeira, Virginie. "Le Mercure François : écrire et publier l’histoire du temps présent (1611-1648)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3082.
Full textThis thesis is to study the Mercure Francois as a real history object. Often considered as an archaic form of the periodic political news media, this collection of twenty-five volumes printed and published periodically in Paris between 1611 and 1648, pursued in fact the goal of writing and publishing the present history of the kingdom of France and Christian Europe between 1605 and 1644. The joint analysis of the entire collection to the cases studied and chosen for the political issues at that time is the approach taken here. The crossing of internal and external sources to the Mercure François used to analyze the definition of the periodical by the actors, and, therefore, to clarify their definition of history. The writing of it was seen as a political and civic engagement. The comparison of the narration and the publication of important political events in various media has clarified the crucial role of Richer brothers, Mercure François’ printers and booksellers in the foundation engaged of the collection. It has also allowed to note changes in the Mercure François according to the political context and to the growing influence of the reason of State’s theories at the time
Rémy, Sandrine. "Spéciation du mercure dans les sols et dans les eaux de surface : Application au bassin versant de la Thur (Alsace, France)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13145.
Full textMercury (Hg) mobility in anthropogenic environments due to direct industrial releases or by atmospheric pathway is directly linked to mercury speciation. Methylmercury (MeHg), the most toxic and bioavailable mercury species has to be taken into account to assess Hg environmental risks. This work is based on the development of specific analytical techniques, with low detection limits, dedicated to total Hg and MeHg analysis in the different compartments of the freshwater environments and soils of the industrialised Thur River basin. Total Hg is analysed by CVAFS after preconcentration of Hg vapour on a gold trap. The obtained detection limit (0,12 ng. L-1) allows the determination of total dissolved Hg in uncontaminated freshwaters. MeHg analysis was performed with success after development and optimization of an analytical HPLC - UV PCO (UV Post Column Oxydation ) - CVAFS coupling unit. These analytical techniques were applied on the Thur River basin samples to assess and quantify Hg contamination after determining the local Hg geochemichal background level (232 ng. G-1). This study shows that Hg dynamic in the Thur River is mainly controlled by Hg speciation, in terms of Hg association with organic and inorganic complexes. Distribution of MeHg in the aquatic environment and in soils, related to their physico-chemical characteristics enables us to identify methylation conditions of inorganic Hg. This work proposes a PNEC (Predictible Non Effect Concentration) reassessment, that takes into account the local geochemical background, to improve environmental management of contaminated sites
Castelle, Sabine. "Spéciation et réactivité du mercure dans le système fluvio-estuarien Girondin." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13645/document.
Full textThis study presents a first quantitative assessment of the main processes controlling the Hg cycle in the Gironde Estuary (speciation, distribution, fluxes, dynamics) affected by historical polymetallic pollution. Selective extractions on sediments and suspended solids showed that in the Lot-Garonne-Gironde fluvial-estuarine system ~70% of total Hg fluxes (100-800 kg yr-1) are associated with organic matter and/or sulphides. Sampling of the different environmental compartments (water, air, sediments) addresses spatial and temporal variability at multiple scales, covering the major estuarine geochemical gradients. Longitudinal profiles (9 cruises) over the salinity gradient showed a 2-5 times increase in dissolved Hg concentrations (baseline ~1 ng L-1) in the Maximum Turbidity Zone (MTZ), mainly attributed to microbial degradation of particulate organic matter, a major Hg carrier phase. Dissolved MeHg (MeHgD)levels are generally low (<0,05 ng L-1) but may reach up to 0.5 ng L-1 under very turbid conditions. The relation between MeHgD and turbidity was attributed to dissolution of particulate carrier phases and/or in situ methylation of Hg (sediment or water column), MeHg photodegradation being negligible due to turbidity. A systematic increase in particulate MeHg near the estuary mouth suggests uptake and accumulation by phytoplankton, especially from May to September when light conditions allow intense primary production. In surface sediment (0-20 cm; dredged and non-dredged; subtidal and intertidal), MeHgD concentrations increased parallel to diagenetic reduction of Fe-phases and sulphate, suggesting biotic Hg methylation and/or MeHg release by Fe oxyhydroxyde dissolution. Incubation experiments in undisturbed sediment using stable isotope (199Hg) spikes suggest an average methylation rate of 0.012 %-Hg methylated.h-1. Diffusive exportation of dissolved Hg and MeHg into the water column at the whole estuary scale has been evaluated to 0.1 kg.yr-1and 0.08 kg.yr-1,respectively. These fluxes are negligible compared to fluvial inputs (35 kg.yr-1 and 1.4 yr.an-1). Dredging-related re-suspension of reduced sediment and pore water may recycle ~1100 kg of Hg and 3.2 kg of MeHg in the water column. This may locally and temporarily modify Hg distribution in the water column, but does not seem to modify the estuarine Hg balance. Diurnal cycles of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM; mostly Hg°) concentration in surface water have been attributed to photo-reduction of Hg(II). However, turbidity may efficiently reduce light penetration and DGM production. Therefore, the DGM cycle in turbid estuaries depends on seasonal variations in MTZ intensity and position. The Gironde Estuary is a Hg° source to atmosphere in summer, but may turn into a sink during turbid periods in winter. The annual Hg° evasion (~4 kg.yr-1) is counterbalanced by dry and wet deposition (5-8 kg.yr -1)
Korte-Klimach, Iris Ulrike. "Rachilde : femme de lettres - homme de lettres : weibliche Autorschaft im Fin de siècle /." Marburg : Tectum Verlag, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38994433x.
Full textBeauvy, François. "Philéas Lebesgue et ses correspondants en France et dans le monde de 1890 à 1958." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100013.
Full textSchuwey, Christophe. "Jean Donneau de Visé, « fripier du Parnasse ». Pratiques et stratégies d’un entrepreneur des lettres au XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040071.
Full textJean Donneau de Visé (1638-1710) is still known for three main achievements: he founded the Mercure galant, took part in theatrical quarrels about the plays of Molière and Corneille and collaborated with Thomas Corneille on some machine plays. Labeled a « polygraphe » or a « journalist » he has long been condemned to critical limbo. This research would like to provide a new outlook on Donneau de Visé. The purpose is to shed light on the wide variety of the production of Donneau de Visé and to explain the reasons behind the complex structure of his books. This dissertation aims to show that Donneau de Visé can be considered a literary entrepreneur, perpetually seeking business opportunities, undertaking massive editorial projects and recycling available materials (he was nicknamed « le fripier du Parnasse »). This work is dedicated to a period spanning from 1660 to 1678 (from his first publication to the creation of a lasting business model for the Mercure galant) and approaches Donneau de Visé’s books as business ventures. It deconstructs the mechanics of these works by studying them through the lense of book history, studies the target market (especially, current events) and reveals which actions the books aim to undertake. The results should shed light not only on Donneau de Visé’s activities as a literary entrepreneur, but also on some widespread practices in the seventeenth century
Reitsam, David. "La Querelle d’Homère dans la presse des Lumières : l’exemple du Nouveau Mercure galant." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0148.
Full textThe doctoral thesis is concerned with the reception of the “Querelle d’Homère” in the press of the Enlightenment and focuses on the treatment accorded to it by the Nouveau Mercure galant of Hardouin Le Fèvre de Fontenay. This man of letters succeeded Claude Dufresny and Jean Donneau de Visé as the director of the Mercure for which he was responsible from spring 1714 to autumn 1716. Consequently the “Querelle d’Homère”, which broke out in 1715 after the publication of Houdar de La Motte’s translation of The Iliad and Anne Dacier’s Des causes de la corruption du goût, is at the heart of the 29 editions of the periodical. While Dacier, who also had translated The Iliad and who was convinced of Homer’s genius, tried to persuade her contemporaries of the beauty of the Greek epic; La Motte proposed a rewritten version of The Iliad that respected the taste of his century. This quarrel only lasted for a little more than a year, but many positions for and against Homer were taken and many different fields were concerned, such as the criticism of taste, social and political ideas and the concept of progress.This study however is not inspired by the reader-response criticism of the Constance school, but by discourse analysis. To answer the question to what extent the positions of the Nouveau Mercure galant reflect the opposition of ancient and modern ideas, the discourses in which official, regular and occasional contributors embed themselves are analyzed. Thus, the three parts of the doctoral thesis correspond to the three thematic axes outlined above and underline the complexity of the “Querelle d’Homère”. By also taking into account second-order sources about the Quarrel, it becomes evident that it is naive to speak of a simple duality of ancient and modern ideas. On the one hand, many different positions coexist within the two parties and, on the other, many contributions do not fit into this binary opposition. They present a much more complicated situation which means that this doctoral thesis also is a microhistory of the culture and mentalities of “La France galante” at the end of the reign of Louis XIV
Marusczak, Nicolas. "Etude du transfert du mercure et du méthylmercure dans les écosystèmes lacustres alpins." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553704.
Full textKadlecova, Milada. "Contamination mercurique des sédiments et cours d'eau du nord de la France et de la République Tchèque." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10148/document.
Full textMercury (Hg) is naturally occurring toxic element; however global mercury emissions are dominated by anthropogenic sources. The global cycle of mercury has seen an increase in mercury deposition, especially in aquatic ecosystems, since the beginning of the industrial revolution. First part of the thesis summarizes the source of mercury, its properties and toxicity from the general point of view, but also the current state of knowledge on the biogeochemical cycle of mercury and in particular behaviour of mercury inside the sediments of the aquatic environment and factors influencing its transformation into methylated form. The sediment in aquatic systems may acts as the ultimate sink, where mercury in its various complexes is deposited. The mercury in sediments can then be converted to its more toxic organic form, methylmercury (MeHg), by the transformation processes controlled by various physical, chemical and biological factors. More over remobilization of mercury species from sediments is possible due to diffusion and resuspension and so sediments may act as potential source of mercury for aquatic biota. Bioaccumulation and biomagnifications can then continue up the food chain where humans, among other animals, consume the organic mercury. It is clear that determination of total mercury is not sufficient to understand its fate in the environment; determination of MeHg provides very useful additional information. The sensitive and precise analytical method for MeHg determination is necessary. The methodological part of the thesis deal with the methods for determination of mercury species in sediments. The method for methylmercury determination in sediments using automated Headspace sampler equipped with Trap and coupled with Gas Chromatography and Atomic Fluorescence Detector was developed and is define. The special attention is also given to the necessity of clean sampling procedures and the proper storage and pre-treatment of the samples and the field study of Hg distribution in sediments. The mercury contamination of sediments from the South Moravia and Northern France are compared. The mercury species and other elements (Fe, Mn, S) were analysed in sediments and/or pore water and/or surface water collected from the sampling sites in the Deûle and Lys River (France) and Jihlava and Morava River (Czech Republic). In order to better assess the mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystem, the pore water concentration could be evaluated to understand the availability of mercury from sediment. The use of diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) technique is applied to measure pore water mercury concentration in river sediments. Different resins gels for mercury determination are used: Spheron-Thiol, Duolite GT-73 and TiO2. River Deûle act as a sink for enormous anthropogenic Hg from the industrial activities and is considered as a potential significant source of methylmercury to the surrounding environment. The last part of thesis deals with the application of well-established isotope experiments to study methylation/demethylation processes in sediments of Deûle River. For this purpose, species-specific isotopically enriched tracers in the form of inorganic mercury IHg (199Hg) and MeHg (201MeHg) have been added to the sediment slurries. Mercury labelled species were used as the tracers to follow their chemical fate and calculate the extent of the transformation reaction yield occurring during the 24 hours experiment. This experiment methodology is refined by applying advanced matrix algebra to resolve the contributions of several different enriched stable isotope species specific tracers to the isotope pattern found, making the calculation of methylation/demethylation rates possible
Poulon, Jean-Auguste. "Paul Léautaud et le champ littéraire (1893-1927)." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7190.
Full textThis dissertation considers Léautaud in the light of the literary field of its time, in order to understand how the the author of Le Petit ami came to be regarded by the general audience as solely being the author of the Journal littéraire [Journal of a Man of Letters]. In order to do so, I have relied on the entirety of Léautaud’s work until 1927, as well as on the Journal littéraire, the latter being both the object and the material of my study. The first part examines the state of the literary field at the time when Léautaud started his writer’s career. What one finds is a deeply changing world, in which one has to devise a strategy in order to « make it » (Chapter I). Le Mercure de France — both a journal and a publishing house — is then at the center of this field of cultural productions. It features Léautaud’s first publications in 1895. Taking advantage of such a position, Léautaud writes about the literary fields that now surrounds him. These writings show him being disappointed, and even critical, about the path being taken by Le Mercure de France under the direction of Alfred Vallette, as Léautaud believed that this institution was becoming too entangled with the power (Chapter II). The second part assesses Léautaud’s own position within the literary field. As many of his contemporaries, he first tried to establish himself by following the rules of the literary strategy (Chapter III). But as the singular habitus he adopted — namely adjusting his own social and literary positioning according to the state of the field at a given moment — proved to be a failure, Léautaud resigned himself to becoming a solitary yet independent writer, thus appearing to be a misanthropist. This is when he started focusing mainly on his Journal, the position that he kept at the Mercure allowing him to remain an observer of the literary life. Gradually, he will come to the realisation that it is these pages that will actually lead him to the position, and bring him the glory, that he had been looking for in the literary field (Chapter IV)
Esteban, Lionel. "Anisotropies magnétique et de porosité des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien du laboratoire souterrain de l'Andra (Meuse/Haute-Marne, Bassin de Paris)." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30270.
Full textIn order to test the feasibility of nuclear waste storage, Andra, the French Agency in charge of radioactive waste management, gave us the opportunity to study preserved specimens of Jurassic clay-rich rocks from eastern Paris Basin. These rocks, deposited during the Callovian and beginning of the Oxfordian, are dark- to light-grey marls that consist mainly in a mixture of clay, calcite and silt. Core-specimens regularly collected along the Callovo-Oxfordian formation from several vertical and oblique boreholes, were subjected to a magnetic mineralogy study, and to a petrofabric study with respect to the geographical frame, itself related to a study of the pore network. The mineralogy study helps to characterize the nature of the para- and -ferrimagnetic fractions at the origin of the magnetic susceptibility and remanence which vary according to the clay/calcite/silt ratios, the latter being mostly made of detrital grains of magnetite. In the clay-rich rocks (illite and smectites), the ferrimagnetic fraction is also made of authigenic sulfides, possibly greigite, which accompany the ubiquitous framboids of pyrite. This fraction seems to equate with the soft coercive fraction which was used to re-orient the vertical borehole cores with respect to the present magnetic north. The hard fraction equates with the iron-oxides, in agreement with the random nature of the natural remanence. Hence, the coexistence in the same sediment of iron-sulfides and iron-oxides is related to distinct origins rather than to variable conditions during sedimentation or diagenesis. .
Passot, Béatrice. "La cure thermale à Saint-Paul-les-Dax en pratique phlébologique à propos de 34 patients : appréciation par pléthysmographie occlusive à jauge de mercure." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M048.
Full textHoussais, Laurent. "André Fontainas (1865-1948) : critique et historien de l'art." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20015.
Full textAndre ́Fontainas (1865-1948), a poet of belgian origins but naturalized frenchman, is generally considered to be one of the principal witnesses of the symbolist era. Disciple of Mallarme, he left us a very rich and diversified literary work as well as numerous art reviews which he published throught his lifetime. His contribution to the Mercure de France adventure, for which he wrote the "Modern art" column from 1896 to 1902, qualified him for the role of one of the most important art critics of fin-de-siècle Paris. His much underestimed Histoire de la peinture de France au XIXe siècle (1906), together with his various monographs on Courbet, Daumier, Hals, Rops, Constable and Bourdelle, are the direct outcome of this key moment in his career. This study, based on Hitherto unpublished family archives, places Fontainas' criticism and history of art back into context, revealing the complexity of a thought process much less influenced by symbolism than was previously believed
Gosztola, Matthieu. "La critique littéraire d’Alfred Jarry à La Revue blanche : édition critique et commentée." Thesis, Le Mans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEMA3004/document.
Full textJarry seems to have completely abandoned the learned syntaxic and lexical complications which characterized his first texts when he worked as a literary critic in la revue blanche. in fact, the author of messaline keeps exerting, but in an extremely underlying way, a kind of obscurity. that obscurity is paradoxical, in the sense that it is not apparent and that it ultimately results in the abiding development of an aesthetic of the abridged, and in an apparent setting back of his presence of critic, even in the very act of making reports. jarry gives all the importance to the commented text, hushing up the way he has to quote it, incessantly. thus, this work is led, on the one hand, by our concern of revealing the way the aesthetic of the abridged appears – jarry proceeds by ceaseless syntheses, which, by dint of being asserted, become either obscure or elusive – in those litterary criticisms which seem to be bread and butter work, because the author of le surmâle presents in them real concretions of sense, in connection with the notion of erudition, in extremely diverse fields. on the other hand, our work aims at showing how jarry diverts the usual use of the quotation – that carries a corrosive criticism of the status of critic – the author of la chandelle verte becoming a critic who expresses himself mostly according to the total absence of critical words, because when it is a question of expressing "judgments", this is in fact to continue to weave a filiation with an authors' community of which he feels close to, and thus, mainly, with the place of le mercure de france
Gosztola, Matthieu. "LA CRITIQUE LITTÉRAIRE D'ALFRED JARRY À LA REVUE BLANCHE." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743016.
Full textTabouret, Hélène. "Recherche des marqueurs d'exposition aux contaminants et de fréquentation des habitats chez l'anguille Anguilla Anguilla de l'estuaire de l'Adour : de la réponse moléculaire à la microchimie de l'otolithe." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3020.
Full textIn a context of decline of European eel (Anguilla anguilla L. ) and search for biological markers of habitat use and quality, a multidisciplinary approach was engaged on the Adour estuary and its associated wetlands. Two axes were developed. The first axe aimed at highlighting the successive presence of the species in different ecosystems based on the otolith elemental composition. The second aimed at the evaluation of the chemical pressure underwent by eels based on the contaminant bioconcentration in soft tissues and the early molecular response to the chemical stress. With a view to the analyses of otolith elemental composition taking into account the 3D structure, the low elemental concentration in the matrix and keeping the finest spatial resolution, four micro sampling strategies and multi elemental analyses using femtosecond laser ablation ICP-MS were tested (crater, 1D scan, 2D scan, flash ablation). The strategy showing the best compromise according to the objectives (continuous recording, multi elemental approach) was applied on otolith of yellow eels from the Adour. The simultaneous use of Sr and Ba profiles, after validation, represents a new tool, easy, fast and reliable for the reconstruction of freshwater and brackish ecosystems use by eel avoiding misinterpretation due to vaterite inclusions. Three major behaviors were highlighted on the Adour: a residency in brackish water, a residency in freshwater and nomad behavior. The last one is illustrated by a shift to brackish water after three to four years spent in freshwater. Simultaneously, the study of inorganic and organic contamination of eel soft tissues showed that sampled wetlands are moderately contaminated. These results were confirmed by the first estimation, in wild conditions, of the early response to the chemical stress using the hepatic expression of CYP1A1 gene measured by real time RT-PCR. Conversely, in the downstream part of the Adour estuary, Hg loads in eels, especially methyl mercury, and PCBs analyses indicate values that need further investigations considering the European norms of consumption. The comparison of the different markers used (heavy metal and organochlorinated compounds contamination of soft tissues, condition index) support a lower quality of the estuary despite higher eel growth rate on this site. This study supports the use of numerous markers in integrated studies in order to understand and specify the relationships between eels and their continental growth zones
Beau, Frédéric. "Ecologie de la Cistude d'Europe "Emys orbicularis" en Brenne : histoire de vie des nouveau-nés et influence des modes de gestion sur les populations." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS024.
Full text“Brenne” is a French wetland area which shelters a remarkable biodiversity and many emblematic species, among which the European pond turtle Emys orbicularis is particularly abundant. This species has been largely favored by past human activities. In Brenne, all ponds are man-made and have allowed the development, since the Middle Age, of one of the largest European pond turtle population in France. The distribution of this species has strongly decreased mainly because of changes in agricultural practices and the use of the aquatic and terrestrial environments necessary for its life cycle. Nature Reserves are important areas dedicated to the preservation of the natural heritage. One of the goal of biological conservation is to propose preservation measures based on scientific studies. E. orbicularis has been the subject of many of such studies. We choose to carry out our research on new elements for the species. First, we investigated parameters related to nesting sites: incubation under natural environment, emergence and postemergence behaviors of hatchlings. Second, we studied the populations under the prism of the quality of the aquatic environments. Generally, nesting sites were mainly considered as critical areas for egg-laying by females. However, it turns out that the use of this terrestrial habitat by the species is more important. Indeed, the plasticity of emergence phenology linked to a low mobility of hatchlings strongly suggest to change management practices of these habitats, at least in the particular context (edaphic, climate and weather) of Brenne. The study of the influence of water quality on populations allowed to highlight important patterns. Mercury levels in European pond turtle can reach doses known to cause disorders. The origin of this mercury does not seem to be linked to local human activities, but appears to originate from its global cycle. However, the Hg bioavailability is stimulated by local management practices, characterized by drainage periods. We have highlighted a correlation between the concentration of mercury and female reproduction (gravidity) which stimulates future research. A focus on algal epibiosis indicates that a large part of individuals are covered by algae. The presence of algae on aquatic turtles has been known for a long time. However, our results highlight differences of the algal epibiosis between ages and sexes. Intensive fish-farming appears to be responsible of the presence and prevalence of algae on turtles. Intensification of fish-farming practices causes an eutrophication of the environments. We also found correlations between algal cover and body condition and reproduction in adult females. These results should be pursued in order to know the long-term impact on this long-lived species. In Brenne, populations of European pond turtle are still large but some aspects such as proportion of juveniles, presence of mercury, or algal epibiosis deserve future studies in the field of conservation biology, with an emphasis on knowledge and management experiences sharing
Fitzpatrick, Mark. "R.L. Stevenson, Joseph Conrad and the adventure novel : reception, criticism and translation in France, 1880-1930." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA160.
Full textThe English adventure novel of the nineteenth century, descending from a tradition shaped by the writings of Defoe, Scott, and Dumas, was to find its masterpieces in Tresaure Island and Kidnapped! by Robert Louis Stevenson. These texts represent both the high-point of the genre, and its rewriting and subversion. Joseph Conrad, in his adventurous fiction, responds to this problematizing of the conventions of the genre. Both authors had to situate themselves in relation to the literary debates of their era, and the soon-to-end dominance of realism. In France, at the turn of the twentieth century, literary critics were seeking an alternative in foreign fiction to the moribund novel that they had inherited. In the face of the this “crisis of the novel”, Marcel Schwob was to find, in Robert Louis Stevenson, the author who seemed to give form, in his fiction, to a novel of adventure which transcended the stale oppositions which had fed the debate on the future of the novel in France. This literary encounter is the starting point for a discussion which continued into the 1900s in the literary reviews, where critics led by André Gide begin to develop a theory of the roman d’aventures. This concept of adventure permits us to examine the reception of the works of Stevenson, and those of Conrad, in the literary culture specific to France at the beginning of the twentieth century. In writers’ correspondence, in literary reviews such as the Revue des Deux Mondes, the Mercure de France, or the Nouvelle Revue Française, in translations and French editions of the two authors, a literary phenomenon takes shape, a cultural transfer between the great cosmopolitan writers of the period
Duval, Bastien. "Ecodynamics of trace metals and metalloids in Pyrenean lakes in relation to climate change and anthropogenic pressure." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3046.
Full textThe management and conservation of Pyrenean high mountain lakes within the current context of climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure require detailed knowledge of their biogeochemical functioning. In this doctoral thesis, five sampling campaigns were carried out (2017-2019) in more than 20 alpine lakes. The analysis of water samples allowed us to study the occurrence, the depth profiles, the geographical distribution and the seasonal trends of a large array of physico-chemical and biogeochemical parameters. Specifically, the cycle of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the fate of Potentially Harmful Trace Elements (PHTEs) were investigated. The mercury (Hg) was specially studied through the development of an analytical procedure for the measurement of trace concentrations in natural waters and through biogeochemical investigations on the distribution and the fate of Hg species in the water column, as well as in sediment archives.The new and robust procedure developed in this work to measure the total alkalinity (TA) and the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) allowed us to determine the other two parameters of the CO2 system, the pH and the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2). The bedrock characteristics of the watershed appear to be the most important parameters influencing the acid status of the studied lakes. Moreover, obtained fCO2 values indicate that lakes are sources of CO2 for the atmosphere.The measurement of various physico-chemical parameters allowed us to discriminate and classify the studied lakes according to their water geochemistry, highlighting the importance of the trophic status of the lakes, the geological background and the atmospheric inputs. The occurrence, sources and behaviour of the PHTEs were investigated with evidence of a contrast between geological and atmospheric inputs. Intensive monitoring revealed some PHTEs to be highly sensitive to environmental changes such as temperature and redox conditions.Monitoring natural concentrations of total Hg in aquatic systems remains a difficult challenge and there is a need for the development of low cost and easy handling analytical methods. The method for analysis of trace Hg concentrations developed and optimized in this work was successfully operational and exhibits a suitable limit of detection and an excellent reproducibility. Hg speciation results in the water column demonstrated the pristine state and the dynamic of the Pyrenean lakes. The homogeneity in the non-gaseous total Hg concentrations in the studied lakes confirmed the absence of local sources and the potential use of these ecosystems as sentinels of regional to global Hg contamination. While inorganic mercury (iHg) did not show seasonal variations, monomethylmercury(MMHg) was significantly higher in autumn 2018 and dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) varied strongly within and among lakes. In-situ experiments confirmed the conditions that promote Hg methylation (stratified anoxic waters), demethylation and photoreduction (intense UV light).The historical Hg record in sediment archives highlighted temporal trends in Hg accumulation rates (HgARs) with a progressive increase since the 16th Century and the industrialization, mirroring the Hg production in Almadén mines (Southern Spain). Besides, Hg stable isotopes allow the identification of distinct anthropogenic sources as well as past climate variability.Overall, environmental changes in lake ecosystems, induced by either climatic conditions (temperature, light intensity) or anthropogenic pressure (atmospheric inputs, eutrophication, atmospheric CO2) are likely to produce significant impacts among CO2, specific PHTEs and Hg biogeochemical cycles in mountainous ecosystems
Gacem, Isabelle-Odile. "Le Nouveau Paris ou le miroir de la terreur." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594750h.
Full textBEY, EVELYNE HENNEQUIN JACQUES. "LA FONCTION DES ARTS DANS LE TABLEAU DE PARIS DE LOUIS-SEBASTIEN MERCIER /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1997/Bey.Evelyne.LMZ9721_1.pdf.
Full textBile, Sembo-Backonly Anicette Irène. "De la réforme esthétique à la réflexion sociopolitique : une lecture des drames de Louis-Sébastien Mercier." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030069.
Full textLouis-Sébastien Mercier (1740-1814) is a craftsman of the drama. Its participation in the aesthetic reflexion was crowned by a vast theatrical production. While resting on the large theoretical texts of the author, this work privileges the dramas, to read the orientations of the dramatic reform which it carried out. It is a question of following the thought of Mercier who speaks about the writer “flagellator of vice”, “cantor of the virtue”, in order to analyze the dramatic and dramaturgic means by which the esthetic reform leads, in its dramas, with a thought on the transformation of the society. Middle-class dramas, heroic dramas or national plays, and historical dramas are analyzed together, to see how all these categories account for the capacity given to the theater, and make it possible to understand the Mercier’s literary, political and social ideal. The first part makes for the installation. It not only sticks to traverse the great ideas of reform supported by Mercier, but also to present the selected repertory. It releases a particular conception of the representation of the conditions, which constitutes finally the matrix of the sociopolitic reflexion that the second and the third parts reveal through paintings, figures of characters, speeches
Coste-Rooryck, Yolande. "Le réalisme militant dans le "Tableau de Paris" et le "Nouveau Paris" de Louis-Sébastien Mercier : une tentative de révolution esthétique et éthique." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5012.
Full textThe Picture of Paris and The New Paris, before and after the historical cut of French Revolution, compose a unique diptych that reflects a colourful capital ; but Mercier also wanted to show the misery, willing to reach possibly the leaders of the country ( particularly in the first picture) to make them " realize " what was really happening in the everyday life. He had clearly a political and moral aim. He set up a brandnew technic for observing, combining two necessities, convince and " make true ". This militant realism came also as a result of rejecting the academic litterature, and an ideal of democratic litterature that is to be related to the underlying realism in the novels and theater pieces at the time. Mercier provides a large range of styles, from comic to touching, and sometimes uses vehemence and visions. But reality very often is far from the philosophical ideal, so that Mercier always has to juggle with them both, what is not very conclusive
Antoni, Elisabeth. "Nouveaux alliages, nouvelles alliances : le laiton et ses dérivés en Europe (France-Angleterre) au 18e siècle." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1166.
Full textIn between the end of the Seven Year War and the beginning of the Revolution, from 1765 to 1790, the French hardware trade and the “toy” industry - brass, bronze, plating, gilding, silvering - emerged as one of the most innovative and competitive luxury sector, able to compete with its English counterpart still held as the “hero” in the history of the industrial “revolution”. As a result of many new inquiries and reassessment of the subject through micro-history approaches, inherited historiography has been revised. Yet, a hierarchical vision of relationships among its actors (mercers, producers, and technicians alike) still prevails, leaving apart and undetected some more modest and seemingly ordinary people. As a result of additional recent studies, a new and more complex perception of the Parisian context has demonstrated that the main actors of this achievement usually worked in close association with a number of people that were far from being mere “hands”. Archival resources in Paris and London had to be explored much thoroughly.Perusing through the sources has led us first to visit craftsmen’s workshops and discover “the technique” which reflects the emergence of technological thought : the equipment and tools materialising their capacity to devise and organise the job ; products and materials including new alloys showing their ability to diversify and to refine ; numerous models testifying to their plan to increase the ranges of product relying on analogies and complementarities between trades; finishing and decorating through brilliance, imitations, refinements, proved that their quest for perfection was one of their ultimate challenge.But technique and specialisation mean expansion therefore sub-contracting, that is recruiting other trades and networks. Yet, under the Parisian corporative regulations, a craftsman is denied the right to sell what he does not produce himself, the corollary being that a merchant is allowed under that rule to sell whatever he does not make. This gives him predominance over artisans. Our study of significant mercers’ businesses in Paris and in London demonstrates that the luxury sector has been stimulated by trade and that it involved many arts and crafts; that under this impulse, though originating in France mainly Paris, it went beyond frontiers through different countries one of which being Great Britain, the economy of which was prospering; that the boost was reinforced by the involvement of networks of multi-skilled actors, among them the minority of Jewish traders from London.Thus, progress in historical research has led to the conclusion that between Parisian merchants and the members of this particular network, exchanges involved technology concerns and that, as a result of these alliances, technology had been greatly promoted
Herencia, Bernard. "Physiocratie et gouvernementalité : l’œuvre de Lemercier de la Rivière." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100199.
Full textThe physiocrat Lemercier de la Rivière (1719-1801) dealt with the articulation of economics and politics around the issue of political construction that the Physiocratic economic ideal required. He is the instigator of « despotisme légal » that designates him as a « branche particulière » of Physiocracy which is regarded as a school of economic thought initiated and led by Francois Quesnay. He had three overlapping careers: as a lawyer, a colonial administrator, and a writer. Apart from, L’Ordre naturel et essentiel des sociétés politiques, the corpus of Lemercier de la Rivière remains virtually unexplored except by Richner who was looking for some Marxist premises and May who recounted his career as an colonial administrator. The thinking of Lemercier de la Rivière produced on the one hand a Physiocratic synthesis and on the other hand an ambitious post-Quesnay political structure with a draft constitution with innovative procedures for constitutional review. Lemercier de la Rivière kept, as an horizon, the functioning of the market and free trade, but he focused his work on the power of the State and he provided a constitutional, tax and educational framework, that freed up economic activities. He was the most political author of Physiocracy but his political discourse has remained mostly inaudible to the students of Physiocracy. This research has a double aspiration: to bring out of the shadows most of Lemercier de la Rivière’s publications and manuscripts; and to reveal the specifics of his thinking with respect to Physiocracy. Holding on to the central idea that economic efficiency and the satisfaction of the needs of populations can be sought and achieved only in the stability of a controlled society obtained within a consistent and sustainable legal-institutional framework, we will link our study with Lemercier de la Rivière’s conception of the power of the State. We will focus on the reconstruction of basic articulations between politics and economics to find the internal coherence of the physiocracy that Lemercier de la Rivière wished to produce and wanted to transform to build a governmentality, as Foucault expressed it, a « conduite des conduites » of men using their autonomy, their freedom, as an art of government which can be instrumentalized in and by the law. It will study the rationalities that underlie the practices of government, including that the art of government is structured by the interests of the prince. Finally, a governmentality focused on the rationalization of the power of the State structured by a positive law in conformity with natural law and with the will to state “ les connoissances nécessaires à l’état de Citoyen, [qui] sont précisément les regles de conduite auxquelles chaque Citoyen est tenu de se conformer”. A first phase will identify the origins of the reflection of Lemercier de la Rivière (his time as a colonial administrator, his writing and entering into Physiocracy) to write his intellectual biography. A second phase will explore the contours and organization of power of the State in his political thinking; it will establish how the physiocrat defined government in terms of fields and means of action. A third phase will examine Lemercier de la Rivière’s constitutional proposals, especially to compare them with the alternative models of Montesquieu and Rousseau, and assess their influence in the last quarter of the eighteenth century
Jankowfsky, Sonja. "Compréhension et modélisation des processus hydrologique dans un petit bassin versant périurbain à l'aide d'une approche spatialisée orientée objet et modulaire. Application aux sous-basins de la chaudanne et du mercier (bassin de l'Yzeron, France)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721988.
Full textDamkjaer, Camilla. "The Aesthetics of Movement : Variations on Gilles Deleuze and Merce Cunningham." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för musik- och teatervetenskap, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-645.
Full textTardif, Vincent. "La ville et la philosophie à la fin du XVIIIe siècle : perception et représentation de Paris dans le "Tableau de Paris" de Louis-Sébastien Mercier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17930.
Full textVizcarra, Yinsu. "L'économie de la perte : rebut et récupération dans "Les nuits de Paris" de Rétif de La Bretonne et le "Tableau de Paris" de Louis Sébastien Mercier." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030009.
Full textBastien, Vincent Charles. "Étude de la production et de la diffusion des tabatières et des objets de luxe à Paris sous Louis XV et Louis XVI. L’exemple de l’atelier des orfèvres Ducrollay, Drais et Ouizille." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040239.
Full textThe snuffbox was during the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI an essential accessory for men and women of the 18th century. The Parisian goldsmiths Ducrollay, Drais and Ouizille were specialized in the manufacture of gold jewelry, gold boxes and exceptional works of art. From the example of these three goldsmiths’ workshops, after studying the biography of each, we define the role of goldsmiths, jewelers, studying the different manufacturing processes. One this production requires use of many specialized subcontractors: designers, ornamentists, engravers, enamelers, lapidaries, miniaturists. To understand the commercial distribution of these precious gold snuffboxes we discuss the different buyers: the royal administrative body called The Menus-Plaisirs, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, kings and princes French and foreign, but also demand of the great collectors of the Enlightenment period. So as to understand the technical and stylistic evolution of these objects, we have cataloged all the pieces currently known as well as many drawings, some of them previously unpublished. The writing of this thesis is based on a bibliography of published material as well as on a substantial quantity of manuscript documentation, including official documents and goldsmiths' invoices from a number of different private and public sources
Al-Mahyawi, Hussein. "Mise en scène de la déambulation et écriture de la ville dans un corpus d'oeuvres du XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR2005/document.
Full textIn the first half of the eighteenth century, the presence of Paris in the literary works remains underlying or is merely suggested by a single and generally distant glance. This is notably the case in Lesage’s novel The Lame Devil where the wandering in the city remains subordinate to visual priorities (from an overlooking place, the devil shows his learner different aspects of the city). It is with Rousseau that a new problem on ambulation emerges. In his autobiographical writings (Confessions, Reveries of a Solitary Walker), the narrator portrays this ambulation in his very career: walks or promenades inspiring daydreaming, conductive to meditation and recalling memories. With Rétif de la Bretonne (Parisian Nights) and Louis-Sébastien Mercier (Panorama of Paris), Paris seems to be the ideal place for a fertile wandering. The French capital ceases to be in the background and becomes a subject of writing in its own right
Pelletier, François. "Ernest Mercier, le pétrole et la France." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16022.
Full textErnest Mercier is one of the most influential business managers in interwar France. His different industrial activities led him to oversee large areas of the French economy, notably in the energy sector. This thesis examines the career in oil of the man who played a central role in the development of an industry that became strategic but was still nascent when he joined this sector after First World War. Mercier assisted and oversaw the creation of a national oil industry. The obstacles in the path of France's oil ambitions were legion. The country was a latecomer on a market that was largely controlled by powerful foreign trusts. The search for oil and its exploitation require important resources which no single French company possessed on its own. Certain banks thus decided to approach oil business by allying themselves with the different international trusts. This was the case for the French bank Paribas, whose Romanian holdings Mercier managed. In this context, state intervention became necessary, although the government did not have the means to achieve the full scope of its ambitions in the oil sector. The national oil policy formulated during the interwar period had to involve French private interests. The creation of a national oil company, the Compagnie française des pétroles, involved several banks and industrial companies interested in oil. Mercier was personally chosen by French president Raymond Poincaré to take up this task. His career revolved around a fragile equilibrium between private interests and state intervention. Mercier rapidly became the intermediary that managed these relations. The thesis makes use of banking and industrial archives but also of government records. This analysis of Ernest Mercier's career enables us to review the origins of the French oil sector and the determining role of one man. It exposes the influence mechanism of a powerful French business bank and the conflicts of interest that oil exploitation engenders.
D'AGOSTINO, ADA. "Tra Mercurio e Vulcano. La fucina del Viaggiatore, dal dattiloscritto alla princeps." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1630338.
Full textSopchik, Rebecca. "Deadly Speech: Denunciation and the Radicalization of Discourse during the French Revolution." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D86H4G5M.
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