Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mercury (chemical element)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Mercury (chemical element)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mercury (chemical element)"

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Lyapina, Elena. "MONITORING OF TECHNOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF URBAN SOILS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF TOMSK)." Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, no. 5 (2020): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2020-1-5-154-160.

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The problem of technogenic mercury pollution in urban areas and the technogenic transformation of soil in urban areas is considered. Quantitative estimates of the distribution of mercury in soils in the territory of the city of Tomsk were obtained, which indicate concentrations do not exceed the MPC, but are characterized by enrichment in mercury. In Tomsk, the formation of mercury dispersion halos is associated with the activities of the main city-forming enterprises, as well as vehicles. In addition, the relief of the city and the prevailing direction of the winds form hotbeds of increased c
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Schiraldi, Michael, and Marc Monestier. "How can a chemical element elicit complex immunopathology? Lessons from mercury-induced autoimmunity." Trends in Immunology 30, no. 10 (2009): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2009.07.005.

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Teng, Dongye, Kang Mao, Waqar Ali, et al. "Describing the toxicity and sources and the remediation technologies for mercury-contaminated soil." RSC Advances 10, no. 39 (2020): 23221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01507e.

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Flader, Anna, Barbara Gworek, and Jolanta Kostrzewa-Szulc. "Modified Wallschläger Sequential Extraction as a Tool for Evaluating the Mobility of Mercury." Archives of Environmental Protection 40, no. 1 (2014): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aep-2014-0005.

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Abstract The presented studies were focused on evaluating the utility of one of sequential extraction methods for evaluating the bioavailability of mercury in soils polluted by this element. Soil samples collected from horizons 0-20 cm and 20-80 cm were subject to analysis of the basic physical and chemical properties of soils. Moreover, the total content of mercury was determined and sequential extraction of mercury was conducted using a modified five-stage Wallschläger method. The analyses show that the studied soils are characterized by a variable mercury content, the highest in the surface
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Dembska, Grażyna. "Mercury in sediments of harbor areas of the Baltic Sea: compilation of data and comparison of legislation in the individual countries." Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego 32, no. 1 (2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7462.

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Mercury is a very toxic chemical element and presents a very high level of chemical and biological activity. Long-term emissions of this element into the environment created a global pool of mercury, as a result of mercury forms has been constantly mobilised, deposited and re-mobilised up till now. The continued releases increase the overall values of the global mercury cycle in the air, water, sediments/soil as well as flora and fauna. Port sediments, which containing large deposits of mercury compounds may constitute a potential threat to the marine environment. Moreover harbour basins, whic
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Naswir, Muhammad, Jalius Jalius, Desfaur Natalia, Susila Arita, and Yudha Gusti Wibowo. "Adsorption of Mercury Using Different Types of Activated Bentonite: A Study of Sorption, Kinetics, and Isotherm Models." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 15, no. 2 (2021): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v15i2.17784.

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Mercury is a hazardous element because of its toxicity and harmful effects on human health. Various traditional and low-cost methods have been developed to remove mercury from wastewater. This study used local raw material as an alternative adsorbent to treat mercury-contaminated wastewater. Activated bentonite was prepared using different chemical activators (H3PO4, HCl, and ZnCl2) in various concentrations. Then, it was dried at 200°C for an hour. The materials were characterized by SEM-EDS. Its percent removal and isotherm models were analyzed. In this study, the most effective activator wa
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Naswir, Muhammad, Jalius Jalius, Desfaur Natalia, Susila Arita, and Yudha Gusti Wibowo. "Adsorption of Mercury Using Different Types of Activated Bentonite: A Study of Sorption, Kinetics, and Isotherm Models." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 15, no. 2 (2021): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v15i2.17784.

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Mercury is a hazardous element because of its toxicity and harmful effects on human health. Various traditional and low-cost methods have been developed to remove mercury from wastewater. This study used local raw material as an alternative adsorbent to treat mercury-contaminated wastewater. Activated bentonite was prepared using different chemical activators (H3PO4, HCl, and ZnCl2) in various concentrations. Then, it was dried at 200°C for an hour. The materials were characterized by SEM-EDS. Its percent removal and isotherm models were analyzed. In this study, the most effective activator wa
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NOMIYAMA, KAZUO, and HIROKO NOMIYAMA. "TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE." International Journal of PIXE 02, no. 03 (1992): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012908359200018x.

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1) ZINC: In 1963, Prasad found that dwarfism in Egypt was caused by zinc deficiency. Since then, many clinical pictures involving zinc deficiency have been reported on, such as alopecia (baldness), intestinal acrodermatitis (dermatitis of the extremities), alcohol-induced anencephalic children, and depressed immune response. 2) COPPER: Wilson’s disease is characterized by hepato-cerebral degeneration, which is caused by the deposition of copper in the liver and the cerebrum. Chelete therapy has been applied to remove the copper from the organs in order to treat Wilson’s disease. However, durin
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Nyberg, Carolyn M., Jeffrey S. Thompson, Ye Zhuang, John H. Pavlish, Lynn Brickett, and Sara Pletcher. "Fate of trace element haps when applying mercury control technologies." Fuel Processing Technology 90, no. 11 (2009): 1348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.06.025.

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Kowalska, Grażyna, Urszula Pankiewicz, and Radosław Kowalski. "Determination of the Level of Selected Elements in Canned Meat and Fish and Risk Assessment for Consumer Health." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2020 (April 11, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2148794.

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The objective of the study was to determine the content of cobalt, silver, tin, antimony, lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, and uranium in canned meat and canned fish by means of ICP-MS apparatus and mercury analyzer. Also, probabilistic risk assessment (non carcinogenic) was estimated by models including target hazard quotient (THQ). It was found that Mn was the element with the highest concentration in the analyzed products, with average concentration of 0.216 mg·kg−1 in canned meat and 1.196 mg·kg−1 in canned fish. The average contents of other elements
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mercury (chemical element)"

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Navarro, Jessica Paola Fuentes Rivera. "Construção e caracterização de uma linhagem de levedura desenhada para biorremediação de mercúrio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-12062013-102455/.

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O presente trabalho visou a construção de uma linhagem recombinante de levedura que apresentasse a proteína MerR ancorada à sua superfície celular externa. Para tanto, foi realizada a fusão gênica do gene codificador de MerR de C. metallidurans, que apresenta elevada afinidade e seletividade para íons mercúrio, com a sequência codificadora da região C- terminal da proteína Flo1p, utilizado como âncora. A fusão gênica foi inserida entre as sequência codificadoras do promotor e terminador de transcrição do gene da fosfoglicerato quinase (PGK) do vetor de expressão de levedura pMA91, obtendo-se
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Parada, Carolina Angélica da Silva. "Construção e caracterização de linhagens bacterianas Gram-negativas recombinantes com capacidade aumentada para biorremediar efluentes contaminados com mercúrio e arsênio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-01062012-085721/.

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Este trabalho descreve a construção de plasmídeos para expressão e ancoragem de proteínas de alta afinidade a íons Hg2+ e As5+. Os genes merR e arsR de C. metallidurans foram inseridos no vetor que contém o sistema para expressão e ancoragem de proteínas heterólogas em bactérias Gram-negativas originando os plasmídeos pCM-Hg e pCM-As. MerR e ArsR foram produzidas sob comando do promotor pan. E. coli recombinantes apresentaram resistência 100% superior a Hg2+ e As5+. C. metallidurans/pCM-As apresentou MIC > Na3As02 1000 mM sendo a Gram-negativa com maior capacidade de sobrevivência a íons As5+.
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Souza, Wamber Broni de. "Estudo teórico de mercúrio (II) com grupos carboxílicos de substâncias húmicas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2013. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3315.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wamber Boni de Souza.pdf: 2659314 bytes, checksum: 7f9a2f165e36496d3cc87db36897ea3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-03<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas<br>This work describes the mercury and a summary on toxicity of organomercury, as well as environmental importance of the HS, addressing structural aspects of the interaction between carboxylic groups from humic and fulvic acids and Hg, in two reviews. A third review is presented the Density Functional Theory (DFT) applied to theoretical st
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Sriram, Vishnu. "Study of Reaction Kinetics for Elemental Mercury Vapor Oxidation for Mercury Emission Control." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1505206944668175.

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JI, LEI. "Novel Nano-Structured Sorbents for Elemental and Oxidized Mercury Removal from Flue Gas." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212028586.

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Liu, Zhouyang. "Heterogeneous Catalytic Elemental Mercury Oxidation in Coal Combustion Flue Gas." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1512045805884364.

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Rao, Poornima S. "Advanced Adsorbents for Warm Gas Capture of Mercury in Coal Gasification." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1291405830.

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Hagelberg, Erik. "The matrix dependent solubility and speciation of mercury." Thesis, Örebro University, Institutionen för naturvetenskap Department of Natural Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-636.

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<p>The Swedish government has decided that waste containing more than 0.1% mercury is to</p><p>be placed in a permanent repository in the bedrock1,10. To minimize the risk of spreading</p><p>mercury, elemental mercury must first be converted into a practically insoluble</p><p>compound. In a PhD investigation of stabilization attempts at SAKAB AB in Kumla</p><p>favorable conditions for conversion of mercury to cinnabar (the sparingly soluble sulphide</p><p>form of mercury and the naturally occurring mineral) was found. In a long-term study of</p><p>diffusion of mercury it was found that water s
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Abi, ghanem Carine. ""speciation" des trois elements trace mercure, plomb et cadmium dans les sediments marins des zones cotieres libanaises." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005015.

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Les profils verticaux des concentrations, les sources et la mobilité de Pb, Cd et Hg ont été étudiés dans des carottes sédimentaires prélevées en trois sites typiques de la côte libanaise (Akkar, Dora et Selaata). Akkar est un site éloigné de toute influence directe de contamination chimique, Dora est soumis à l
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Li, Can. "Simultaneous Removal of Elemental Mercury and NO over Modified SCR Catalyst in Coal Combustion Flue Gas." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin161374169547422.

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Books on the topic "Mercury (chemical element)"

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Lew, Kristi. Mercury. Rosen Pub. Group, 2009.

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Mercury. Children's Press, 2005.

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Tocci, Salvatore. Mercury (True Books). Children's Press (CT), 2005.

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Tocci, Salvatore. Mercury (True Books). Children's Press (CT), 2006.

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P, Gough L., and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Chemical analysis results for mercury and trace elements in vegetation, water, and organic-rich sediments, south Florida. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Emsley, John. The Elements of Murder. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192805997.001.0001.

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Was Napoleon killed by the arsenic in his wallpaper? How did Rasputin survive cyanide poisoning? Which chemicals in our environment pose the biggest threat to our health today? In The Elements of Murder, John Emsley answers these questions and offers a fascinating account of five of the most toxic elements--arsenic, antimony, lead, mercury, and thallium--describing their lethal chemical properties and highlighting their use in some of the most famous murder cases in history. In this exciting book, we meet a who's who of heartless murderers. Mary Ann Cotton, who used arsenic to murder her mothe
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Book chapters on the topic "Mercury (chemical element)"

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Carlmark, B., and A. Lindvall. "Mercury, a Toxic Metal, and Dental Amalgam Removal." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0016.

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Mercury is an element with unique physical and chemical properties whose deleterious effects on various organ systems have been known for centuries. The metal (Hg°) mercury is the only element liquid at ambient temperatures and has an extremely high vapor pressure. Natural degassing of the earth’s crust by volcanoes and emissions from soils and waters are estimated to contribute on the order of 2700 to 30,000 tons per year (Nriagu 1989, Lindqvist 1991). A second source of mercury is anthropogenic from burning of coal or petroleum. The total input into the atmosphere may be up to 150,000 tons per year, with natural emissions accounting for the major input (Berlin 1986). However, estimations of contributions from different sources vary. Aristotle wrote about mercury as liquid silver (hydrargyrum) with the metallic mercury extracted in ancient times, as today, from the sulphide mineral cinnabar (HgS). Although technical developments have brought about more sophisticated methods of distilling mercury, all processes create mercury vapor, which is a potential hazard. Mercury mines pose environmental concern, due to mine tailings and waste rock contributing mercury-enriched sediment to watersheds (Rytuba 2000) such as in the California Coast Ranges (Rytuba 2000), the Idria mine in Slovenia (Hines et al. 2000), in Slovakia (Svoboda et al. 2000), and, perhaps most conspicuously, the mine tailings in Aznacollar, Spain, that caused a recent accident (Grimalt et al. 1999). Any industrial sites that utilize mercury during production may also produce contamination of the environment (Sunderland and Chmura 2000). The possible sources of mercury exposure are presented in Table 10.1. Amalgamation with mercury has been used as a method for beneficiation of gold and silver since Roman times. The total global release of mercury into the environment from these activities before 1930 was estimated as over 260,000 tons. Thereafter, with the introduction of cyanidation processing technology, the emissions declined (Lacerda and Solomons 1998). However, small-scale artisanal gold mining continues and is a serious hazard to largely unskilled persons in rural areas over the world.
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Emsley, John. "Mad cats and mad hatters: accidental mercury poisoning." In The Elements of Murder. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192805997.003.0007.

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There are two kinds of mercury poisoning: chronic poisoning in which the body is subjected to regular small doses of mercury which exceed the amount it can excrete every day, and acute poisoning, in which a person is exposed to a life-threatening dose. It is the former type of poisoning that this chapter is about. Large doses deliberately given will be the topic of the next chapter. Chronic mercury poisoning used to be an occupational hazard for many employees. Those affected suffered from the physical symptoms of fatigue, general weakness, and a tremor of the hands, to the extent that their handwriting became spidery, and these symptoms were due to the effects on the central nervous system. More serious were the psychological symptoms such as irritability, depression, and a paranoid belief that other people were persecuting them, all of which came as a result of mercury seeping into the brain. The groups of workers most at risk from chronic mercury poisoning were gilders, hat makers, dentists, those in the electrical industries – and detectives. Most of these occupations no longer use mercury, and in those that do it is strictly controlled so that the risks are now negligible. Monitoring those exposed to mercury in their employment can be done via their urine or blood. Yet it was a long struggle to make people aware of the dangers this metal posed, and along the way there were some major examples of exposure involving hundreds of thousands of individuals, many of whom had their lives made wretched by mercury. Indeed the campaign against mercury really started 300 years ago when an Italian physician was the first to become interested in the link between occupation and illness. That physician was the surgeon Bernardino Ramazzini (1633–1714), who is today regarded as the founder of occupational and industrial medicine. In 1700 he wrote the first book on the subject: De Morbis Artificum Diatriba [The Diseases of Workers]. In it he outlined the health hazards associated with various chemicals, dust, and metals encountered by those working in 52 different occupations, including the miners who worked in the mercury mines.
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Mee, Nicholas. "Earth, Air, Fire, and Water." In Celestial Tapestry. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851950.003.0003.

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The idea that matter is composed of four fundamental elements—Earth, Air, Fire, and Water—dates back to the Greek philosopher Empedocles. This idea was enormously influential. It was adapted to medicine by Hippocrates, who developed the theory of the four humours and the four temperaments. It also influenced the proto-science of alchemy. The eighth-century Islamic scholar known in Europe as Geber or Jabir believed that all metals are composed of mixtures of sulphur and mercury. Geber speculated that idealized philosophic sulphur and philosophic mercury were thought to be the chemical forms of two of the elements: Fire and Water.
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Evans, Hugh L. "Cognitive Complications of Mercury Exposure." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0072.

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Mercury (Hg) is a nonessential metal that has been used in a variety of industrial procedures and pharmaceutical preparations over centuries, resulting in hot spots of environmental contamination and unwanted toxicity in people who were occupationally exposed or were treated with mercury compounds (Clarkson and Magos 2006; Evans 1998). Mercury exists in three different chemical forms, each having a different profile of toxicity. The central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be the target organ for organic mercury and elemental mercury. The kidneys are considered to be the target organ of inorganic mercury. The most widespread current exposure of children is to organic mercury from ingestion of seafood, most of which is in the form of methylmercury, the most severely neurotoxic form of mercury (Clarkson and Magos 2006). Maternal consumption of seafood, although nutritionally beneficial, has been associated with elevated mercury levels in maternal blood and hair, and with deleterious outcomes in their infants. Mothers can transit mercury to their fetus through their blood supply or to their infant through maternal milk. Children also are exposed to mercury in regions where gold is mined (Bose-O’Reilly et al. 2008). Other sources of exposures have been reviewed by Clarkson and Magos (2006). Over the past two decades in the United States, mercury has been increasingly restricted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and it has been removed from consumer products (where it had been used as a fungicide). Current efforts are under way to encourage consumers to trade their mercury thermometers for newer models that do not use mercury. Mercury has no essential nutritional role, so any amount of mercury in the body can be considered undesirable. For practical purposes, since mercury is present at some level almost everywhere on Earth, the key question is at what dose or concentration in the body can mercury-induced toxicity be documented? Continuing improvements in chemical measurement has resulted in the determining of mercury in lower concentrations. This has been matched by advances in neurological measurements and statistical analyses, resulting in the extrapolation of lower “safe” levels of mercury levels in drinking water, hair, and blood.
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Evans, John. "Air." In Elements of a Sustainable World. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827832.003.0004.

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The chemical properties of the volatile elements in groups 15 to 18 are outlined, showing how the the periodicicty of the properties of the elements shapes their chemistry. The manufacture of hydrogen and chlorine is described, showing how mercury-free methods have been developed for the latter. The effect of the formation of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> on atmospheric oxygen content is explained in terms of dissolution in the oceans. Remediation of the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines by catalysts to remove CO2, NOx and carbonaceous particulates is explained. Options for carbon capture and storage by physical and chemical processes are evaluated, and examples provided of these processes in operation. Exploitation of the atmosphere for energy capture using wind turbines has been aided by the development of high performance magnets. The basis of these magnets and the role of rare earth elements is explained.
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"Invasive Asian Carps in North America." In Invasive Asian Carps in North America, edited by Carl E. Orazio, Duane C. Chapman, Thomas W. May, et al. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874233.ch14.

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&lt;em&gt;Abstract&lt;/em&gt;.—Efforts are underway in the United States to promote the commercial harvest of silver carp &lt;em&gt;Hypophthalmichthys molitrix &lt;/em&gt;and bighead carp &lt;em&gt;H. nobilis &lt;/em&gt;as a means of controlling the populations of these invasive species. The major uses under consideration are food for people, pets, and zoo animals. Fish in general are a good source of protein, beneficial lipids, and nutritional elements. However, fish from contaminated waters can bioaccumulate toxic elements and persistent organic chemical pollutants to levels that limit consumption. It is important that levels of chemical contaminants and nutritional elements in bigheaded carp of the various regions of the United States be measured. In September of 2005, 30 bighead carp and 30 silver carp were collected from the Missouri River near Easley, Missouri, USA, a location midway between Kansas City and St. Louis. Whole-body composites and skinless, bony white-meat fillet composites were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides, 2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47), dioxin equivalents, percent lipid, mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium, and several other elements. The data showed that in both species of these fish, levels of total PCB, total DDT, total chlordane, PBDE-47, dioxin equivalents, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and selenium were below levels of concern for consumption by humans and domestic animals. The average mercury concentration of 0.070 µg/g wet weight (ww) in three 5-fish silver carp white-meat fillet composites of this study was within the state of Missouri’s “unlimited consumption by sensitive populations” category (&lt;0.088 µg/g ww). The more conservative advisory of the National Fish and Wildlife Contamination Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommends a limit of three fish meals per week of the Easley Missouri silver carp white-meat fillets. Mercury levels in the three 5-fish composites of bighead carp white-meat fillets averaged 0.21 µg/g ww, falling into the USEPA limit of one fish meal per week. In whole body composites, mercury levels averaged 0.04 µg/g ww in the silver carp and 0.10 µg/g ww in bighead carp, placing both mercury levels below the 0.12 µg/g ww limit set for domestic animal consumption. Calcium concentration, an important factor in formulation of animal feed, was 21 g/kg dry weight (dw) in the whole-body composites of the silver carp compared to 57 g/kg dw in the bighead carp.
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"Invasive Asian Carps in North America." In Invasive Asian Carps in North America, edited by Carl E. Orazio, Duane C. Chapman, Thomas W. May, et al. American Fisheries Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874233.ch14.

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&lt;em&gt;Abstract&lt;/em&gt;.—Efforts are underway in the United States to promote the commercial harvest of silver carp &lt;em&gt;Hypophthalmichthys molitrix &lt;/em&gt;and bighead carp &lt;em&gt;H. nobilis &lt;/em&gt;as a means of controlling the populations of these invasive species. The major uses under consideration are food for people, pets, and zoo animals. Fish in general are a good source of protein, beneficial lipids, and nutritional elements. However, fish from contaminated waters can bioaccumulate toxic elements and persistent organic chemical pollutants to levels that limit consumption. It is important that levels of chemical contaminants and nutritional elements in bigheaded carp of the various regions of the United States be measured. In September of 2005, 30 bighead carp and 30 silver carp were collected from the Missouri River near Easley, Missouri, USA, a location midway between Kansas City and St. Louis. Whole-body composites and skinless, bony white-meat fillet composites were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides, 2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47), dioxin equivalents, percent lipid, mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium, and several other elements. The data showed that in both species of these fish, levels of total PCB, total DDT, total chlordane, PBDE-47, dioxin equivalents, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and selenium were below levels of concern for consumption by humans and domestic animals. The average mercury concentration of 0.070 µg/g wet weight (ww) in three 5-fish silver carp white-meat fillet composites of this study was within the state of Missouri’s “unlimited consumption by sensitive populations” category (&lt;0.088 µg/g ww). The more conservative advisory of the National Fish and Wildlife Contamination Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommends a limit of three fish meals per week of the Easley Missouri silver carp white-meat fillets. Mercury levels in the three 5-fish composites of bighead carp white-meat fillets averaged 0.21 µg/g ww, falling into the USEPA limit of one fish meal per week. In whole body composites, mercury levels averaged 0.04 µg/g ww in the silver carp and 0.10 µg/g ww in bighead carp, placing both mercury levels below the 0.12 µg/g ww limit set for domestic animal consumption. Calcium concentration, an important factor in formulation of animal feed, was 21 g/kg dry weight (dw) in the whole-body composites of the silver carp compared to 57 g/kg dw in the bighead carp.
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Autschbach, Jochen. "From Schrödinger to Einstein and Dirac: Relativistic Effects." In Quantum Theory for Chemical Applications. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190920807.003.0024.

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The implications of Einstein’s special relativity in chemistry are discussed. It is shown that relativistic effects on the electronic structure of an atom or molecule scales in leading order as Z2, where Z is the charge number of the heaviest nucleus in the system. Well-known heavy atom effects in chemistry are discussed: The color of gold, the liquid state of mercury, the inert pair effect of heavy p-block elements, and more. Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is also a relativistic effect and plays a big role in spectroscopy and chemistry. The Dirac equation (DE) replaces the electronic Schrodinger equation in relativistic quantum chemistry. The Dirac wavefunctions have 4 components. It is shown how an ‘exact 2-component’ (X2C) Hamiltonian can be constructed. X2C based all-electron calculations are becoming increasingly popular in quantum chemical applications. Molecular properties may undergo a picture-change effect when going from a 4-component to a 2-component framework.
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Plant, Jane A., and Barry Smith. "Environmental Geochemistry on a Global Scale." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0028.

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Recent population growth and economic development are extending the problems associated with land degradation, pollution, urbanization, and the effects of climate change over large areas of the earth’s surface, giving increasing cause for concern about the state of the environment. Many problems are most acute in tropical, equatorial, and desert regions where the surface environment is particularly fragile because of its long history of intense chemical weathering over geological timescales. The speed and scale of the impact of human activities are now so great that, according to some authors, for example, McMichael (1993), there is the threat of global ecological disruption. Concern that human activities are unsustainable has led to the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development Our Common Future (Barnaby 1987) and the establishment of a United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development responsible for carrying out Agenda 21, the action plan of the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Considerable research into the global environment is now being undertaken, especially into issues such as climate change, biodiversity, and water quality. Relatively little work has been carried out on the sustainability of the Earth’s land surface and its life support systems, however, other than on an ad-hoc basis in response to problems such as mercury poisoning related to artisanal gold mining in Amazonia or arsenic poisoning as a result of water supply problems in Bangladesh (Smedley 1999). This chapter proposes a more strategic approach to understanding the distribution and behavior of chemicals in the environment based on the preparation of a global geochemical baseline to help to sustain the Earth’s land surface based on the systematic knowledge of its geochemistry. Geochemical data contain information directly relevant to economic and environmental decisions involving mineral exploration, extraction, and processing; manufacturing industries; agriculture and forestry; many aspects of human and animal health; waste disposal; and land-use planning. A database showing the spatial variations in the abundance of chemical elements over the Earth’s surface is, therefore, a key step in embracing all aspects of environmental geochemistry. Although environmental problems do not respect political boundaries, data from one part of the world may have important implications elsewhere.
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Anhichem, Mimouna, and Samir Benbrahim. "Study of Water and Sediment Quality in the Bay of Dakhla, Morocco: Physico-Chemical Quality and Metallic Contamination." In Sediment Transport - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95108.

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The present study contributes to the evaluation of the impact of the various activities developed around the Bay of Dakhla in Morocco through the study of the physico-chemical quality of the waters and sediments of the Bay. For this purpose, a spatial and temporal monitoring of the physicochemical and metallic pollution indicator parameters was conducted between May 2014 and March 2015. The main physicochemical descriptors of water quality were monitored, namely: temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved O2, nutrients (ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates) and chlorophyll (a). A qualification of the waters of the Bay was drawn up based on water quality assessment grids. The quality of the sediments was assessed through the determination of granulometry, the total organic carbon content and the contents of the main metallic trace elements (cadmium, lead, mercury, chromium, copper and zinc). The results of the present study show the beginning of nutrient enrichment of the water bodies of the bay, especially the stations located near the urban area, where 1.83 mg l−1 of nitrates, 0.37 mg l−1 of phosphate and 7.42 μg l−1 of chlorophyll (a) were recorded. For the sediment, the maximum concentrations of metallic trace elements were recorded in the station near the harbour basin. These results allowed to establish a quality grid for the waters of the bay, generally qualified as “Good”, except for the sites located near the urban area for which the quality is qualified as “Average”. The sediment quality of the bay was assessed according to the criteria established by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. The levels of metallic trace elements remain below the toxicity thresholds, except for the sediments taken from the harbour basin.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mercury (chemical element)"

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Luo, Qinlan, Ruiya Jia, Bin Feng, Qulan Zhou, and Na Li. "Experimental Study of Mercury Removal and Electrolytic Regeneration by Ca(ClO)2 Solutions." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3264.

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The trace element mercury (Hg0) released from fossil fuel combustion in thermal power plants is difficult to be collected by pollution control equipment as its high volatility, high volatility and low solubility. The removal of Hg0 is the most critical part of mercury removal technology. The existing technologies of mercury removal include activated carbon adsorption, fly ash adsorption, calcium-based adsorbent adsorption, and wet scrubbing method. While these existing technologies have some disadvantages, like high absorbent consumption, high absorption cost and existence of secondary polluti
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Han, Fengxiang, Safwan Shiyab, Yi Su, David L. Monts, Charles A. Waggoner, and Frank B. Matta. "Bioavailability and Stability of Mercury Sulfide in Armuchee (USA) Soil." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7122.

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Because of the adverse effects of elemental mercury and mercury compounds upon human health, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is engaged in an on-going effort to monitor and remediate mercury-contaminated DOE sites. In order to more cost effectively implement those extensive remediation efforts, it is necessary to obtain an improved understanding of the role that mercury and mercury compounds play in the ecosystem. We have conducted pilot scale experiments to study the bioavailability of mercury sulfide in an Armuchee (eastern US) soil. The effects of plants and incubation time on chemical
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Lou, Xiutao, Gabriel Somesfalean, Sune Svanberg, and Z. G. Zhang. "Elemental mercury detection by multi-mode diode lasers employing correlation spectroscopy." In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis. OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacsea.2012.lm3b.4.

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Wilhelm, S. Mark. "Mercury in Petroleum: Processing and Regulatory Issues." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17086.

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Abstract Elemental mercury and several mercury compounds occur naturally in geologic hydrocarbons including petroleum and gas condensates. Recent advances in analytical chemistry are assisting our understanding of the chemistry of mercury in petroleum and its fate in petrochemical processes. Analytical techniques now are capable of measuring the concentration of mercury and mercury compounds in most hydrocarbon matrices to better than 1 part in 1010. A recently developed model proposes that the mean amount of mercury in crude oil is no more than 10 ppb. The various chemical forms of mercury ex
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Zhang, Anchao, Lushi Sun, Jun Xiang, et al. "Removal of elemental mercury by novel chemically modified noncarbon sorbents." In 2009 International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology (ICEET 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceet.2009.583.

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Bhopatkar, Neelesh S., Heng Ban, and Thomas K. Gale. "Prediction of Mercury Speciation in Coal-Combustion Systems." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15502.

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This study is a part of a comprehensive investigation, to conduct bench-, pilot-, and full-scale experiments and theoretical studies to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms associated with mercury oxidation and capture in coal-fired power plants. The objective was to quantitatively describe the mechanisms governing adsorption, desorption, and oxidation of mercury in coal-fired flue gas carbon, and establish reaction-rate constants based on experimental data. A chemical-kinetic model was developed which consists of homogeneous mercury oxidation reactions as well as heterogeneous mercury adsorpt
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Zhang, Anchao, Jun Xiang, Lushi Sun, et al. "Removal of Vapor-Phase Elemental Mercury by Novel Chemically Promoted Noncarbon Sorbents." In 2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2009.4918650.

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Oh, Hyukjin, Kalyan Annamalai, John M. Sweeten, Christopher Rynio, and Witold Arnold. "Combustion of Cattle Biomass as a Supplementary Fuel in a Small Scale Boiler Burner Facility for NOx and Mercury Reductions." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12626.

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Combustion of cattle biomass (CB) as a supplementary fuel has been proposed for reducing emissions of NOx, Hg, SO2, and nonrenewable CO2 in large coal-fired power plants. It has benefits to power industries for lowering coal consumption and fuel costs and to animal industries for disposing burdensome agricultural wastes from large animal feeding operations. In order to develop environmentally friendly thermo-chemical energy conversion technologies that can utilize CB for NOx and Hg reductions in existing coal-fired power plants, co-firing and reburning experiments involving CB and coal were pe
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Ribeiro, A., C. Vilarinho, J. Araújo, and J. Carvalho. "Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminated Soils With Chromium." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87552.

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Soil is a vital natural resource that regulates our environment sustainability and provide essential resources to humans and nature. Nowadays, with an increasingly populated and urbanized world, pollution is widely recognized as a significant challenge to soil and groundwater resources management. The most common chemicals found in soils and water plumb in a dissolved state and considered as potential pollutants are heavy metals, dyes, phenols, detergents, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and others organic substances, such as organic matter. Unlike organic contaminants, heavy met
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