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Journal articles on the topic 'Mercury free amalgams'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Rakesh, Kumar Yadav, Pratap Verma Umesh, Tiwari Rini, and Chaurasia Akhilanand. "Mercury or Mercury Free Restorations in Oral Cavity." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 7, no. 3 (2018): 201~206. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v7i3.14236.

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Amalgam is basically a concoction of metals that has been used as a potent filling material in dentistry for the last 150 years. Amalgam usually consists of silver, mercury, tin and copper. Dental amalgam is a material used to fill cavities of tooth. Over the years, amalgam has become a topic of concern because it contains mercury. Mercury is a naturally occurring metal in the environment. Mercury exists as a liquid in room temperature but when heated, it becomes a gas. Flexibility of amalgam as a filling material is due Mercury. An alloy powder, a compound that is soft in nature when mixed wi

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2

Bellinger, D. C., F. Trachtenberg, A. Zhang, M. Tavares, D. Daniel, and S. McKinlay. "Dental Amalgam and Psychosocial Status: The New England Children’s Amalgam Trial." Journal of Dental Research 87, no. 5 (2008): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700504.

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High-dose exposures to elemental mercury vapor cause emotional dysfunction, but it is uncertain whether the levels of exposure that result from having dental amalgam restorations do so. As part of the New England Children’s Amalgam Trial, a randomized trial involving 6- to 10-year-old children, we evaluated the hypothesis that restoration of caries using dental amalgam resulted in worse psychosocial outcomes than restoration using mercury-free composite resin. The primary outcome was the parent-completed Child Behavior Checklist. The secondary outcome was children’s self-reports using the Beha

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3

Yadav, Rakesh Kumar, Umesh Pratap Verma, Rini Tiwari, and Akhilanand Chaurasia. "Mercury or Mercury Free Restorations in Oral Cavity." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 7, no. 3 (2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v7i3.14236.

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<span>Amalgam is basically a concoction of metals that has been used as a potent filling material in dentistry for the last 150 years. Amalgam usually consists of silver, mercury, tin and copper. Dental amalgam is a material used to fill cavities of tooth. Over the years, amalgam has become a topic of concern because it contains mercury. Mercury is a naturally occurring metal in the environment. Mercury exists as a liquid in room temperature but when heated, it becomes a gas. Flexibility of amalgam as a filling material is due Mercury. An alloy powder, a compound that is soft in nature w

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4

Hanawa, T., H. Takahashi, M. Ota, R. F. Pinizzotto, J. L. Ferracane, and T. Okabe. "Surface Characterization of Amalgams Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 9 (1987): 1470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660091201.

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This study is the first to report on the use of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) for studying the surface films (less than 10 nm thick) of aged amalgams. The concentrations and electron binding energies of the elements on the surfaces of four different amalgams aged for 20 min, one day, seven days, and 30 days were determined quantitatively. For comparison, the bulk compositions of the amalgams aged for seven days were also determined after removal of approximately 5 nm of material from the surface by argon-ion-sputtering. The XPS data revealed that the surface films of aged zinc

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5

Okabe, T., J. Staman, J. Ferracane, and R. Mitchell. "Effect of free mercury on the strengths of dental amalgams." Dental Materials 1, no. 5 (1985): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0109-5641(85)80014-2.

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6

Tig, Ioan Andrei, Anca Maria Fratila, Ramona Amina Popovici, and Anca Porumb. "Toxicity of Dental Amalgams vs Composite Resins." Key Engineering Materials 695 (May 2016): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.695.83.

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Ideal qualities of dental materials should include, in terms of biocompatibility, passivity towards oral tissues, so the material should not contain any leachable toxic and diffusible substances, neither release any harmful substance that can cause in time side effects, locally or generally. Even if amalgams are a group of dental materials with a long recorded history, many practitioners blame them, in contradiction with composite resins, especially for releasing free mercury into the body. On the other side, composite resins have reached great biocompatibility specifications, but also have ma

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7

Dariel, M. P., U. Admon, D. S. Lashmore, M. Ratzker, A. Giuseppetti, and F. C. Eichmiller. "A silver-tin alternative to dental amalgams." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 3 (1995): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.0505.

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This paper describes a novel technology for a mercury-free metallic direct filling material, a substitute to dental amalgams. The consolidation relies both on cold-welding that takes place under moderate pressure between suitably surface-treated silver particles and on silver-tin intermetallic compound formation at ambient temperature. A dilute acid is used for removing the silver surface oxide layers, thereby promoting the cold-welding process. The condensability, namely the ability of a loose powder to undergo consolidation within a short time duration, at body temperature and under moderate

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8

Albeshti, Rawan. "The Most Promising Alternative to Mercury-containing Dental Restorations." Libyan Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 2 (2025): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.37376/ljd.v8i2.7157.

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The European Union Environmental Commission report and the United Nation Minamata Convention have legislated for phasing-out of mercury-containing dental materials use (dental amalgams) by 2030.1, 2 Several Scandinavian countries have already banned the use of dental amalgams, and this ban is expected to grow to other countries worldwide.2, 3 This creates a market gap for materials which can be used as an alternative to dental amalgams.4 Varieties of mercury-free dental materials have been clinically approved as posterior restorations; such as (1) resin-based composite materials, and (2) glass

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9

Dr., Anil K. Tomer, Ruchi Gupta Dr., and Hysum Mushtaq Dr. "Roadmap To Mercury Free Dentistry...... Are We Prepared?" A Journal of Clinical Dentistry HealTalk 14, no. 03 (2022): 20–25. https://doi.org/10.5450/zenodo.5820688.

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Dental amalgam has been phased-down throughout the world. 2020 is the year of eradication of use of amalgam in dentistry. Alternative restorative materials with improved properties are the need for future. Restorative dentistry must strongly promote the prevention of dental caries to reduce the need for restorative materials and emphasize the best management practices for all materials in use.Use of dental amalgam for restoration during the past 10 years or so, the awareness and recognition of the environmental implications of mercury have increased and dentistry has gained further attention a

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10

Dr., Anil K. Tomer, Ruchi Gupta Dr., and Hysum Mushtaq Dr. "Roadmap To Mercury Free Dentistry… Are We Prepared?" A Journal of Advanced Dentistry Updent 11, no. 01 (2022): 26–31. https://doi.org/10.4880/zenodo.5930427.

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Dental amalgam has been phased-down throughout the world. 2020 is the year of eradication of use of amalgam in dentistry. Alternative restorative materials with improved properties are the need for future. Restorative dentistry must strongly promote the prevention of dental caries to reduce the need for restorative materials and emphasize the best management practices for all materials in use. Use of dental amalgam for restoration during the past 10 years or so, the awareness and recognition of the environmental implications of mercury have increased and dentistry has gained further attention

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11

Ertaş, E., A. Aksoy, A. Turla, et al. "Human brain mercury levels related to exposure to amalgam fillings." Human & Experimental Toxicology 33, no. 8 (2013): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327113509662.

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The safety of dental amalgam as the primary material in dental restoration treatments has been debated since its introduction. It is widely accepted that amalgam restorations continuously release elemental mercury (Hg) vapor, which is inhaled and absorbed by the body and distributed to tissues, including the brain. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the presence of amalgam fillings is correlated with brain Hg level. The Hg levels in the parietal lobes of the brains of 32 cadavers were analyzed with an atomic absorption spectrometer with the mercury hydride system. A total

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12

Elli, Luca, Valentina Rossi, Dario Conte, et al. "Increased Mercury Levels in Patients with Celiac Disease following a Gluten-Free Regimen." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/953042.

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Background and Aim. Although mercury is involved in several immunological diseases, nothing is known about its implication in celiac disease. Our aim was to evaluate blood and urinary levels of mercury in celiac patients.Methods. We prospectively enrolled 30 celiac patients (20 treated with normal duodenal mucosa and 10 untreated with duodenal atrophy) and 20 healthy controls from the same geographic area. Blood and urinary mercury concentrations were measured by means of flow injection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Enrolled patients underwent dental chart for amalgam fillings

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13

Kaul, Sampada, Vivek Rana, Sakshi Rawal, and Vedant Kansal. "Roadmap to mercury free dentistry: Toxic past to a healthier future." Journal of Global Oral Health 6 (December 27, 2023): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jgoh_12_2023.

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Ever since its introduction, mercury has been widely used in dental practice because of its durability, ease of handling and placement, low cost, lower technical sensitivity compared to other restorative materials, antibacterial effect, etc. When esthetics are not an issue, it can be used in people of all ages, in stressed areas and with poor oral hygiene. However, concerns have been raised that amalgam causes mercury toxicity. At present, there is much controversy about the safety of dental amalgam and it has been shown to pose an occupational risk to patients, dentists, and their assistants.

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14

Amir Sultan, Mohamad Mahathir, Choo Ta Goh, Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, and Mazlin Mokhtar. "Establishing mercury-free medical facilities: a Malaysian case study." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 32, no. 1 (2019): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-08-2017-0161.

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Purpose Mercury is widely used in medical and healthcare facilities as dental amalgam, mercury-added medical devices, thiomersal-containing vaccines, laboratory analysis and for other general applications despite the hazards. Various agencies consistently promote mercury-free medical facilities through mercury-free alternatives and better management practices, which are in line with the Minamata Convention on Mercury that aims to protect human health and environment from anthropogenic mercury release. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a g

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15

Lui, J. L., S. L. Tong, and S. K. Teh. "Mercury Release From A Sn-Cu-Zn Free Amalgam." Annals of Dentistry 1, no. 1 (1994): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/adum.vol1no1.1.

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16

Joshi, Shambhu. "P.1.15 Mercury hazards and how the community responses in developing country." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (2019): A81.1—A81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.218.

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IntroductionHeavy metal like mercury was used directly or indirectly since long ago before it was stopped around the world. Since, the value of the metal and its availability in different use in medical appliances is still one of the burdens in developing country like Nepal. The main uses of mercury are in dental amalgam, sphygmomanometers, and thermometers. The mercury once released into the environment can remain for a longer period. Both acute and chronic poisoning can be caused by it. Half of the mercury found in the atmosphere is human generated and health care contributes the substantial

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17

Fojta, Miroslav. "Mercury Electrodes in Nucleic Acid Electrochemistry: Sensitive Analytical Tools and Probes of DNA Structure. A Review." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 69, no. 4 (2004): 715–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20040715.

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This review is devoted to applications of mercury electrodes in the electrochemical analysis of nucleic acids and in studies of DNA structure and interactions. At the mercury electrodes, nucleic acids yield faradaic signals due to redox processes involving adenine, cytosine and guanine residues, and tensammetric signals due to adsorption/desorption of polynucleotide chains at the electrode surface. Some of these signals are highly sensitive to DNA structure, providing information about conformation changes of the DNA double helix, formation of DNA strand breaks as well as covalent or non-coval

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18

Melchart, Dieter, Wolfgang Köhler, Klaus Linde, et al. "Biomonitoring of mercury in patients with complaints attributed to dental amalgam, healthy amalgam bearers, and amalgam-free subjects: A diagnostic study." Clinical Toxicology 46, no. 2 (2008): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650701324211.

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19

Yousefi, Hila. "Replacing dental amalgam by mercury-free restorative materials; it’s time to take action." DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 26, no. 1 (2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40199-018-0212-6.

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20

O'Shea, Thomas J., and Susan M. Lunte. "Selective detection of free thiols by capillary electrophoresis-electrochemistry using a gold/mercury amalgam microelectrode." Analytical Chemistry 65, no. 3 (1993): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00051a010.

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21

Chakrabarti, S. K., J. Akhter, and R. Sinha. "Free Energy of Mixing of the Binary Liquid Alloys of Sodium." Himalayan Physics 3 (December 26, 2012): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hj.v3i0.7271.

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Sodium is a highly reactive alkali metal. Within a binary liquid alloy it generally forms complexes. Due to formation of such complexes the thermodynamic properties of the binary alloys of sodium often show anomaly-deviating maximally from that of the ideal alloys. In the present work we have confined our investigation into the free energy of mixing (GM) of two binary alloys of sodium in liquid phase-Na-Pb and Na-Hg-near the melting point. For this purpose we have used Flory’s model and started with the activity of sodium in the sodium-lead liquid alloy and that of mercury in the sodium amalga

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22

Fadrná, R., B. Yosypchuk, M. Fojta, T. Navrátil, and L. Novotný. "Voltammetric Determination of Adenine, Guanine, and DNA Using Liquid Mercury Free Polished Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode." Analytical Letters 37, no. 3 (2004): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/al-120028615.

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23

Broadbent, JM, CM Murray, DR Schwass, et al. "The Dental Amalgam Phasedown in New Zealand: A 20-year Trend." Operative Dentistry 45, no. 3 (2020): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/19-024-c.

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SUMMARY Background and Objectives: Information on the choice of material and performance of restorations placed in a dental practice annually is limited. The Minamata Convention on Mercury is likely to affect the use of amalgam worldwide. The objective of this research was to investigate the use of restorative materials at the University of Otago Faculty of Dentistry in New Zealand from 1998 to 2017. Methods: Data from the Faculty of Dentistry's database from the years of interest were compiled. These data included information on the characteristics of restorations, including information on th

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Janíková, Lenka, Renáta Šelešovská, and Jaromíra Chýlková. "Sensitive approach for voltammetric determination of anti-inflammatory drug sulfasalazine using liquid mercury free silver solid amalgam electrode." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 148, no. 3 (2016): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-016-1823-6.

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25

Popov, Oleg A., Pavel V. Starshinov, Rimma A. Ilikeeva, Darya A. Bureeva, Igor V. Irkhin та Vladimir A. Levchenko. "Inductor and Plasma Characteristics of Ferrite-Free Inductively-сoupled Amalgam Ultraviolet Lamps with Closed-loop Small Diameter Discharge Tubes". Vestnik MEI 5, № 5 (2020): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2020-5-98-111.

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The electrical and radiation characteristics of innovative high-efficient 254-nm wavelength ultraviolet (UV) radiation sources employing ferrite-free inductively-coupled low-pressure discharges excited in closed-loop quartz tubes are experimentally studied. The discharge was excited using a 3-turn induction coil at a frequency of 1.7 MHz and lamp power equal to 90-160 W in a mixture of mercury vapor at a pressure of around 0.01 mmHg and buffer gas (Ar, a mixture of 30%Ne+70%Ar) at pressures of 0.7 and 1.0 mmHg in a closed tube 16.6 mm in diameter and 815 mm long. The coil turns made of multico

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Jelen, František, Bogdan Yosypchuk, Alena Kourilová, Ladislav Novotný, and Emil Paleček. "Label-Free Determination of Picogram Quantities of DNA by Stripping Voltammetry with Solid Copper Amalgam or Mercury Electrodes in the Presence of Copper." Analytical Chemistry 74, no. 18 (2002): 4788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0200771.

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27

Sofia Ganai, S. Vijay Singh, Saurabh Gupta, and Poonam Bogra. "Evaluating The Effect of pH of Dentin Bonding Agents on Dentin in Relation to the Push-Out Bond Strength of Composites in Class I Cavities in-vitro." International Healthcare Research Journal 4, no. 7 (2020): OR10—OR14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0407.10282.

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INTRODUCTION: Today, the popularity of amalgam as restorative material has decreased due to poor esthetic characteristics and mercury contamination with composite resin materials becoming a choice among the both dentists and patients. AIM: The objective of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of pH of dentin bonding agents (Adper Easy Bond and Xeno V) on dentin in relation to push out bond strength of composite restored with Filtek bulk fill posterior restorative composites.MATERIALS AND METHOD: Sixty caries free human molars with no cracks or previous restorations were used for inve

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28

Sofia, Ganai, Vijay Singh S., Gupta Saurabh, and Bogra Poonam. "Evaluating The Effect of pH of Dentin Bonding Agents on Dentin in Relation to the Push-Out Bond Strength of Composites in Class I Cavities in-vitro." International Healthcare Research Journal 4, no. 7 (2020): OR10—OR14. https://doi.org/10.26440/IHRJ/0407.10282.

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<strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Today, the popularity of amalgam as restorative material has decreased due to poor esthetic characteristics and mercury contamination with composite resin materials becoming a choice among the both dentists and patients. <strong>AIM:</strong> The objective of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of pH of dentin bonding agents (Adper Easy Bond and Xeno V) on dentin in relation to push out bond strength of composite restored with Filtek bulk fill posterior restorative composites. <strong>MATERIALS AND METHOD:</strong> Sixty caries free huma

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29

Ramasindarum, C., and Kasim N.H. Abu. "Structural and compositional characterization of cilverFil amalgam." International Association for Dental Research, March 1, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.811349.

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SilverFil (Silverfildental Products, Malaysia) is another commercially available dental amalgam; however it is based on silver and mercury only. It is claimed that upon amalgamation, there is no excess mercury in SilverFil. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the structural state and chemical composition of the starting materials and presence of mercury in the resulting amalgam. Methods: All the starting materials of SilverFil and the SilverFil amalgam specimens were characterize using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM-EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X

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30

Chuthong, W., S. Trakulsrichai, and P. Sirinara. "Identifying the sources of mercury exposure in dental workers." Occupational Medicine, December 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae107.

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Summary Dental professionals who handle dental amalgam are at risk of mercury exposure, though the prevalence and severity of elevated mercury levels from non-occupational sources are not well characterized. We report two dental workers who had elevated urinary mercury levels (37 and 25.6 mcg/L) during routine health screenings. Their previous mercury tests were normal, and no symptoms or abnormal findings were identified on clinical examination. Mercury exposure in these two workers occurred both occupationally through amalgam contact and non-occupationally via unregulated facial creams and s

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31

Abu, Kasim N.H., N. A. Yahya, Z. Radzi, W. J. Basirun, and A. A. Ghani. "Silverfil: Its physical characterization." Springer, January 1, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.811383.

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This article focuses on the physical characterization of Silverfil (R) amalgam. Analysis of the amalgamated material semi-quantitatively showed that Silverfil (R) comprised of approximately two thirds mercury and one third silver. No other elements were detected. Examination of the amalgamated material by x ray mapping and metallographically showed no evidence of free mercury present. Silverfil (R) has strong affinity towards the mercury ion. X-ray Diffraction analysis showed that the amalgamated Silverfil (R) is similar to a mineral in nature called "Moschellandsbergite". The advantages of Si

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32

Callanan, Aileen, Christopher D. Lynch, Mairead Harding, Francis M. Burke, and Martina Hayes. "Use and waste management of restorative materials in the Republic of Ireland." Journal of the Irish Dental Association 68, no. 1, February - March (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.58541/001c.71461.

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##Aim This study aimed to investigate the use and waste management of dental amalgam and mercury-free alternatives by general dental practitioners in Ireland. ##Methods A cross-sectional survey-based study was adopted. A 53-question survey was piloted and distributed to dentists working in general dentistry in Ireland. Participants were recruited from the Dental Council of Ireland Dental Register. ##Results A total of 285 dentists (12%) responded to the survey. The study found that resin composite was the most commonly placed restorative material by respondents (69%), followed by dental amalga

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Usenik, Vanja, Davor Kontić, David Kocman, and Milena Horvat. "Practices and attitudes of dentists regarding the use and phase-out of dental amalgam fillings: compliance with EU regulations and the Minamata Convention." Slovenian Medical Journal, June 16, 2025, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.6016/zdravvestn.3611.

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Background: This study examines the responses of 171 dentists to a comprehensive questionnaire to understand the current practice regarding the use and phase-out of dental amalgam. It assesses compliance with EU Regulation 2017/852 and the Minamata Convention, exploring factors associated with material choice, dentists’ awareness of regulations, and the use of amalgam separators. The study also identifies challenges and proposes support mechanisms to facilitate a smoother transition to mercury-free dentistry. Methods: The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study with 171 dentists who

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Maksimova, E. M. "The Effective Doses of Ultraviolet Irradiation of Eggs prior to Incubation by Amalgam Lamps." Veterinaria i kormlenie, no. 2 (April 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.30917/att-vk-1814-9588-2022-2-10.

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The disinfection of eggshells prior to the incubation of the eggs is an important element of biosecurity programs and pathogen elimination in poultry production. Ultraviolet (UV irradiation is an effective method of disinfection of eggs prior to incubation. Presently the lamps where free mercury is substituted with amalgam are increasingly used as the UV source and the application of these lamps for the disinfection of eggs is an actual topic of research. The study presented was aimed at the determination of the effective doses of UV irradiation by bactericide amalgam lamps for the inactivatio

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