Academic literature on the topic 'Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP)"
1
Penumadu, Dayakar, and John Dean. "Compressibility effect in evaluating the pore-size distribution of kaolin clay using mercury intrusion porosimetry." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-121.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the present research is to quantitatively evaluate the compression that can occur during the evaluation of pore-size distribution of cohesive soil using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). A new experimental procedure was developed that can be routinely used to evaluate the corrections associated with the compressibility for porous solid samples using MIP. The approach used in this study involves performing mercury intrusion tests on dehydrated kaolin samples using freeze-dried and oven-dried techniques, and on identical samples confined by low-porosity latex membranes. Corrections for latex intrusion and issues related to dehydration of samples are addressed. The measured contact angle of mercury with kaolin clay using the sessile drop technique was used in the data reduction. Repeatable test results were obtained throughout the testing program. The procedure for obtaining volume-change behavior under isotropic conditions for a large range of pressures using the mercury porosimeter is also presented for oven-dried samples. Scanning electron micrographs for intruded and compressed specimens are presented along with a discussion on the observed hysteresis in MIP test data. The test results for kaolin samples show substantive initial compression before the occurrence of actual intrusion. This resulted in errors associated with the interpretation of pore sizes with diameters in the range of 0.4-200 µm.Key words: mercury intrusion, clay, compression, correction, pore-size distribution, high pressure.
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Zheng, Sijian, Yanbin Yao, Shasha Zhang, Yong Liu, and Jinhui Yang. "Insights into Multifractal Characterization of Coals by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 4743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244743.
Full textAbstract:
Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) as a practical and effective measurement has been widely used in characterizing the pore size distribution (PSD) for unconventional reservoirs (e.g., coals and shales). However, in the process of MIP experiments, the high mercury intrusion pressure may cause matrix compressibility and result in inaccurate estimations of PSD. To get a deeper understanding of the variability and heterogeneity characteristics of the actual PSD in coals, this study firstly corrected the high mercury intrusion pressure data in combination with low-temperature N2 adsorption (LTNA) data. The results show that the matrix compressibility was obvious under the pressure over 24.75 MPa, and the calculated matrix compressibility coefficients of bituminous and anthracite coals range from 0.82 to 2.47 × 10−10 m2/N. Then, multifractal analysis was introduced to evaluate the heterogeneity characteristics of coals based on the corrected MIP data. The multifractal dimension Dmin is positively correlated with vitrinite content, but negatively correlated with inertinite content and mercury intrusion saturation. The multifractal dimension Dmax shows negative relationships with moisture and ash content, and it also emerges as a “U-shaped” trend with efficiency of mercury withdrawal. It is concluded that multifractal analysis can be served as a practical method not only for evaluating the heterogeneity of coal PSDs, but also for other unconventional reservoirs (e.g., shale and tight sandstone).
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Skowera, Karol. "FUSION OF DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF VOLUMETRIC STRAIN METHOD (DILATOMETRIC THERMOPOROMETRY) AND MERCURY INTRUSION POROSIMETRY METHOD FOR PORE SPACE CHARACTERIZATION IN CARBONATE ROCKS." Structure and Environment 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30540/sae-2023-009.
Full textAbstract:
Many characteristics of capillary-porous materials, including limestones and dolomites, depend on the structure of the pore space of a given material, so the article attempts to accurately determine the geometric characteristics of pores and their ability to transport water. Much information on the pore structure of carbonate rocks can be obtained from literature studies. There is a lack of information on the use of full hysteresis dilatometric thermoporometry methods for this purpose, as well as the fusion of differential analysis of volumetric strain (DAVS) results with mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) results. The subject of the research presented in this article is the analysis of pore structure in carbonate rocks using the method of differential analysis of volumetric strain and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Based on the measurements made, the pore size, pore volume, content of empty pores and pores containing water incapable of phase transformation were analyzed. The geometry of mesopores of rock samples examined by differential analysis of volumetric strain and mercury intrusion porosimetry was compared. A fusion of the distribution of mesopores from the DAVS study with a part of the distribution of meso- and macropores obtained by the MIP study was performer.
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Zhang, Yong, Bin Yang, Zhengxian Yang, and Guang Ye. "Ink-bottle Effect and Pore Size Distribution of Cementitious Materials Identified by Pressurization–Depressurization Cycling Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 5, 2019): 1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091454.
Full textAbstract:
Capturing the long-term performance of concrete must be underpinned by a detailed understanding of the pore structure. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) is a widely used technique for pore structure characterization. However, it has been proven inappropriate to measure the pore size distribution of cementitious materials due to the ink-bottle effect. MIP with cyclic pressurization–depressurization can overcome the ink-bottle effect and enables a distinction between large (ink-bottle) pores and small (throat) pores. In this paper, pressurization–depressurization cycling mercury intrusion porosimetry (PDC-MIP) is adopted to characterize the pore structure in a range of cementitious pastes cured from 28 to 370 days. The results indicate that PDC-MIP provides a more accurate estimation of the pore size distribution in cementitious pastes than the standard MIP. Bimodal pore size distributions can be obtained by performing PDC-MIP measurements on cementitious pastes, regardless of the age. Water–binder ratio, fly ash and limestone powder have considerable influences on the formation of capillary pores ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 µm.
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Wang, Xiaohu, Yu Peng, Jiyang Wang, and Qiang Zeng. "Pore Structure Damages in Cement-Based Materials by Mercury Intrusion: A Non-Destructive Assessment by X-Ray Computed Tomography." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 2220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142220.
Full textAbstract:
Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) is questioned for possibly damaging the micro structure of cement-based materials (CBMs), but this theme still has a lack of quantitative evidence. By using X-ray computed tomography (XCT), this study reported an experimental investigation on probing the pore structure damages in paste and mortar samples after a standard MIP test. XCT scans were performed on the samples before and after mercury intrusion. Because of its very high mass attenuation coefficient, mercury can greatly enhance the contrast of XCT images, paving a path to probe the same pores with and without mercury fillings. The paste and mortar showed the different MIP pore size distributions but similar intrusion processes. A grey value inverse for the pores and material skeletons before and after MIP was found. With the features of excellent data reliability and robustness verified by a threshold analysis, the XCT results characterized the surface structure of voids, and diagnosed the pore structure damages in terms of pore volume and size of the paste and mortar samples. The findings of this study deepen the understandings in pore structure damages in CBMs by mercury intrusion, and provide methodological insights in the microstructure characterization of CBMs by XCT.
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Charfeddine, Mohamed Ali, Jean-Francis Bloch, and Patrice Mangin. "Mercury porosimetry and x-ray microtomography for 3-dimensional characterization of multilayered paper: Nanofibrillated cellulose, thermomechanical pulp, and a layered structure involving both." BioResources 14, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 2642–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.2.2642-2650.
Full textAbstract:
Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) is an inexpensive and common technique to characterize porous structures like paper. One major limitation of MIP is the lack of information about the arrangement of pores in the structure, information that is particularly relevant for multilayer structures such as thickness-structured paper. In this article, results from Synchrotron X-ray 3D microtomography are combined with MIP data to provide in-depth and improved information about the structures.
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Cho, Won Jung, Min Jae Kim, and Ji Seok Kim. "Study on the Pore Structure Characteristics of Ferronickel-Slag-Mixed Ternary-Blended Cement." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 4863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214863.
Full textAbstract:
Pore structure development in Portland cement, fly ash, or/and ferronickel slag (FNS) was investigated using mercury intrusion porosimetry and X-ray CT tomography. The progress of hydration was observed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and compressive strength while durability of concrete was monitored by chloride penetration resistance and chloride profiles. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) results suggested that the blended cement had a higher porosity while lower critical pore size. The major reason to this increased porosity was the formation of meso and micro pores compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). In terms of chloride transport, replaced cement, especially ternary-blended cement had higher resistance to chloride transport and exhibited slightly lower development of compressive strength. X-ray CT tomography shows that the influence of pore structure of ternary-blended cement on the ionic transport was strongly related to the pore connectivity of cement matrix.
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Petrovic, Srdjan, Zorica Vukovic, Tatjana Novakovic, Zoran Nedic, and Ljiljana Rozic. "Fractal analysis of bentonite modified with heteropoly acid using nitrogen sorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 76, no. 10 (2011): 1403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc101027126p.
Full textAbstract:
Experimental adsorption isotherms were used to evaluate the specific surface area and the surface fractal dimensions of acid-activated bentonite samples modified with a heteropoly acid (HPW). The aim of the investigations was to search for correlations between the specific surface area and the geometric heterogeneity, as characterized by the surface fractal dimension and the content of added acid. In addition, mercury intrusion was employed to evaluate the porous microstructures of these materials. The results from the Frankel-Halsey-Hill method showed that, in the p/p0 region from 0.75 to 0.96, surface fractal dimension increased with increasing content of heteropoly acid. The results from mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) data showed the generation of mesoporous structures with important topographical modifications, indicating an increase in the roughness (fractal geometry) of the surface of the solids as a consequence of the modification with the heteropoly acid. By comparison, MIP is preferable for the characterization because of its wide effective probing range.
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Hu, Yan Jun, and Yan Liang Du. "Effect of Pore Structure on the Chloride Permeability of Concrete with Mineral Admixture." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.835.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the effect of pore structure on the chloride ions ingress into concrete was investigated. The most probable diameter was measured by Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and the total porosity was measured by evaporative water method (EWM). The results indicate that the most probable diameter by MIP has better linear relationship with chloride diffusion coefficient than the total porosity by EWM, the most probable diameter has significant influence on chloride diffusivity, and the smaller most probable diameter will lead to higher chloride penetration resistance.
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Du, Zhi Qin, and Wei Sun. "Study on the Influence of Air-Entraining Agent on the Impermeability of Cement-Based Composites Based on its Pore Structure by Fractal Theory." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.615.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of different quantity of air-entraining agent on the impermeability of cement-based materials are studied in this paper. Impermeability test and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) method were used to characterize the impermeability and pore structures. The fractal dimension is used to describe the characteristic of pore structure and calculated by the data of MIP experiment. The result shows that owing to the improvement of pore structure, the impermeability performance of the cement-based composites is noticeably enhanced when air-entraining agent is added with appropriate quantity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP)"
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Zhao, Dan. "Study on the creep behavior of clay under complex triaxial loading in relation to the microstructure." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0372/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche vise à analyser et à identifier, par des essais, le comportement au fluage d'une argile de type kaolinite sous un état de contraintes triaxial. Une investigation fine de l’état microstructural, avant et après fluage, a par ailleurs été réalisée. Les résultats macroscopiques ont permis de constater que des phénomènes de dilatance et de contractante s’amplifient pendant le fluage. Les résultats montrent également que la position, sur le plan des contraintes (p'-q), du niveau de contrainte vis-à-vis des différents domaines volumétriques, contrôle le développement de la déformation au fluage et du taux de déformation. Les résultats de MEB ont montré que l'évolution microstructurale de l'argile, après le chargement mécanique, dépend fortement de l'histoire du chargementThe objective of this research is to analyze the creep behavior of a typical clay along triaxial tests, moreover, to analyze the microstructural mechanisms of creep. Analysis on the macroscopic results ascertained that both dilatancy and contractancy phenomena could occur during creep. The magnitude of the dilatancy/contractancy during creep was guided by the test conditions: stress level and the over consolidation ratio, which specifically governed the direction of the volumetric strain variations. The results of SEM indicated that the microstructural evolution of the clay after the mechanical loading depend on the stress history. Afterwards, the structural evolution in creep phase depends on the structural pattern developed in monotonic loading
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MAHMOUD, TAREK IBRAHIM. "Evaluation of the degradation process of cement-based materials exposed to aggressive environment by using ultrasonic techniques and physical characterisation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/27550.
Full textAbstract:
El hormigón armado compuesto de cemento Portland fue inventado hace algo más de un
siglo aproximadamente y se ha convertido en el material más utilizado en la construcción.
La durabilidad de este hormigón es una de las consideraciones más importantes a ser
tenidas en cuenta en el diseño de nuevas estructuras y en la evaluación estructural de las
ya existentes. Cuando un hormigón sujeto a un ambientes o cargas que puede degradarlo,
como puede ser su uso en puentes y ambientes marinos o si contiene grandes cantidades
de alúmina o áridos reciclados, el conocimiento o predicción de su durabilidad es una
aspecto crítico para su comportamiento en servicio.
Los ensayos no destructivos se han mostrado como unos de los ensayos preceptivos con
una importancia económica y social más relevante desde que se han aplicado para la
auscultación de la durabilidad de las estructuras de hormigón pertenecientes a la
ingeniería civil, donde estos materiales son ampliamente utilizados. En cualquier caso, el
uso de las técnicas no destructivas en estos materiales no está suficientemente
implementado, hecho este motivado por las características heterogéneas de su
microestructura. De todos los métodos no destructivos aplicables para el hormigón, el uso
de pulsos ultrasónicos es de gran interés para la caracterización de la microestructura y las
propiedades de materiales heterogéneos.
El objetivo del presente trabajo es obtener un procedimiento de evaluación del ciclo de
vida del hormigón preparado y puesto en servicio para ambientes marinos. Además, será
estudiado y analizado la incorporación de varias metodologías (destructivas y non
destructivas) para caracterizar el proceso de degradación de morteros y hormigones
expuestos a disolución de sulfato de sodio y a exposición en disolución de nitrato amónico.
Con esta finalidad, una integración adecuada de diferentes técnicas será usada para la
caracterización de propiedades y el seguimiento del proceso de degradación que afectan al
hormigón.
Como objetivos adicionales, destaca que fueron estudiadas las relaciones entre los
parámetros destructivos y no destructivos, así como la relación entre los distintos
parámetros no destructivos entre sí. Muchos de los estudios anteriores que han usado la
inspección ultrasónica las cuáles fueron utilizadas para determinar la relación
agua/cemento del mortero, de la pasta de cemento y del hormigón, o para monitorizar los
cambios estructurales, para diferentes relaciones a/c, en el proceso de curado. En este
trabajo de investigación fue analizado el efecto que tiene para diferentes relaciones a/c en
los parámetros ultrasónicos durante el proceso de degradación.
Para este objetivo, se utilizaron un Cemento Portland tipo II A L 42.5 (LPC), y otro
sulforresistente tipo I 42.5R/SR (SRPC) que fueron usados en la fabricación de dos marcos
de hormigón, los cuales fueron utilizados como hormigón en servicio (caso real). Para el
estudio del efecto de la variación de a/c en los parámetros ultrasónicos durante la
degradación se utilizaron muestras de mortero con deferentes relaciones agua cemento
0.525- 0.45- 0.375 and 0.30 a partir de LPC para obtener diferentes niveles de degradación.
Para monitorizar el proceso de degradación se utilizó la inspección por pulso/eco (1 y 3.5
MHz) para la obtención del parámetro del área del perfil de atenuaciones (APA) el cual fue
estimado por L Vergara et al., 2003 y usado por Fuente et al, 2004.
Para seguir el proceso de curado de pasta de cemento y morteros, este parámetro ha
demostrado una alta sensibilidad para caracterizar los cambios microestructurales de
materiales derivados del cemento a lo largo de su curado. El método de transmisión se ha
utilizado para la determinación de las velocidades de ondas longitudinales con la
frecuencia de 1MHz y transversales con la frecuencia de 500 kHz. La velocidad ultrasónica
también ha demostrado la capacidad para seguir los cambios microestructurales de un
modo sencillo porque dicho parámetro está relacionado con la variación de las propiedades
mecánicas, y bajo ciertas premisas, con la variación de la porosidad. El análisis con la
imagen ultrasónica con 2 MHz fue también usada para la consecución de los mismos
objetivos.
Como métodos destructivos, los ensayos de resistencia a la compresión y flexión fueron los
utilizados para determinar la pérdida de actividad resistente de morteros y hormigones, y la porosidad conectada al agua para analizar los cambios en la matriz porosa por el efecto
de la difusión de elementos agresivos que penetran en el material provocando su
degradación.
La porosimetría de mercurio (MIP) fue usada para observar las variaciones del volumen y
tamaño de poro y, por último, la microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) que fue utilizada
para cuantificar y detectar los cambios en la microestructura por el ataque de elementos
agresivos.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, la degradación producida por exposición a sulfato
de sodio, tiene dos etapas, en la primera etapa se forma la etringita que llena los poros pero
que no produce microfisuración. En esta etapa se observó una variación en los parámetros
obtenidos por ejemplo, incremento de la velocidad de la onda ultrasónica, de las
resistencias a compresión y a la flexión o la disminución de la porosidad. Esta variación en
los parámetros podría indicar una mejora en las prestaciones mecánicas del material
objeto de la investigación, pero en realidad esto no es cierto porque los poros están llenos
de etringita, provocando una expansión, que es la causa de la degradación en la segunda
etapa. En dicha segunda etapa, se produce una microfisuración generalizada por la
expansión de la etringita e incrementando su volumen dentro de los poros. Este hecho
produjo un cambio en los parámetros medidos que contrastan con la evolución en la
primera etapa, disminución de la velocidad de las ondas ultrasónicas, y de las resistencias
mecánicas y consecuentemente un aumento de la porosidad. Por otro lado, la degradación
por ataque de nitrato amonio tiene una única etapa debida al proceso de descalificación
que comienza desde el principio del proceso de exposición y es lineal durante todo el
periodo de exposición. Para ambos casos, la integración de las diversas técnicas se revela
como satisfactoria para el seguimiento del proceso de degradación, encontrando buenas
correlaciones entre los parámetros no destructivos y los parámetros destructivos de
técnicas de análisis físico-químico.Mahmoud, TI. (2013). Evaluation of the degradation process of cement-based materials exposed to aggressive environment by using ultrasonic techniques and physical characterisation [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/27550
TESIS
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Raneri, Simona. "Complex Pore Geometries in Natural Building Stones: an experimental and theoretical approach for the modeling of porosity changes in natural, degraded and treated calcarenites." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4021.
Full textAbstract:
Calcarenites are the most widely used natural stones in Sicily as building materials. The comprehension of the degradation style of these natural building stone is of great interest in order to preserve the ancient masonry, especially in the case of relevant Cultural Heritages. A large number of Sicilian monuments are included in UNESCO Heritage List as their special cultural or physical significance. Considering the cultural importance of these ones, smart solutions are required in the perspective of their conservation.
In the framework of restoration actions, the complete knowledge of the internal structure of building stones is fundamental in order to estimate durability and prevent degradation processes. Salt growth is a significant cause of damage for natural stones. The effects of the salt weathering are, in addition to the properties of the salt itself and the climatic conditions, strongly related to the structural and textural features of materials. For this reason, an integrate study on petrographic, physical, mechanical and porosimetric proprieties changes due to salts crystallization could be useful to highlight correlation among textural, structural and engineering parameters. Moreover, one of the main problems in conservation field is the use of suitable consolidant and protective treatments able to preserve the masonry, being compatible with the stone substrate and not affecting its aesthetical proprieties. There are numerous tests able to verify the efficiency of consolidant or protective products, mainly devoted to verify their ability to not modify the appearance of stone and its physical proprieties, especially against water; however, particularly in the case of consolidant, one of the most important feature is related to its penetration depth, often difficult to evaluate by using the standard test routines.
For aforementioned, this research work is devoted to apply a multi-methodological approach for characterizing and modeling pore structure modifications due to weathering processes in a coarse grained Sicilian calcarenite used as building and replace stones in Sicilian Cultural Heritages (Sabucina Stone), also through fractal models and innovative and non invasive methods. The obtained data on Sabucina stone have been employed for planning conservative treatments devoted to coarse grained calcarenite substrates. Therefore, innovative nanostructured and hybrid consolidant and protective products have been experimented and the results of efficiency tests along with the determination of surface and sub-surface changes due to the treatments are proposed.
In conclusion, the applied theoretical and empirical approach has allowed to: highlight the potential of classical and innovative complementary methods in quantifying the structural changes in porous materials due to degradation processes and conservative treatments, explain how they help to facilitate the understanding of stone weathering and validate the use of geometrical models in describing complex pore systems.
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Ding, Yanzheng. "Une analyse d’images pour l'identification microstructurale en 3D d’un kaolin saturé sous chargement mécanique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0051.
Full textAbstract:
L'étude de la microstructure des argiles remaniées et saturées est cruciale pour la compréhension de leur comportement mécanique et des mécanismes de déformations volumiques. Cette thèse vise à identifier en 3D les mécanismes locaux qui s'activent au niveau de la microstructure en lien avec le chargement mécanique des milieux argileux. D'abord le comportement mécanique du Kaolin K13 est étudié à l'échelle de l'éprouvette sur deux chemins de chargement : œdométrique et isotrope. Ensuite, un protocole d'observation a été mis en place pour l'acquisition des images tridimensionnelles en utilisant la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) couplée à la Sonde Ionique Focalisée (FIB). La reconstitution des images obtenues par FIB-MEB nous permet d'accéder à la géométrie 3D d'un sous volume de l'échantillon. La deuxième partie consiste à développer une approche d'analyse quantitative en 3D permettant d'identifier les propriétés de la microstructure sur les différents chemins de chargement étudiés. La morphologie des pores est étudiée en utilisant les paramètres : flatness, élongation et sphéricité. L'orientation des pores et des particules a été d'abord identifier sur des images 2D représentants des coupes dans l'échantillon et étendue au 3D sur l'ensemble du volume et ceci sur les deux chemins de chargement. Les résultats obtenus dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse ont permis de mettre en évidence l'apport des images 3D à la compréhension de la microstructure des argiles remaniées saturéesAbstractMicrostructure investigation is essential for a better understanding of the mechanical behaviour and volumetric deformation mechanisms of remolded and saturated clays. The goal of this thesis is to identify in 3D the local mechanisms which can be activated at the microstructural level in relation to the mechanical loading of clayey meida. The mechanical behaviour of Kaolin k13 is firstly studied at on two loading paths - oedometric and isotropic. Then, an observation protocol was established for the acquisition of three-dimensional images using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Focused Ion Beam (FIB). The reconstruction of the images obtained by FIB-SEM allows us to study the 3D geometry of a sub-volume of the sample. The second part consists of developing a quantitative analysis approach in 3D to identify the microstructure properties on different loading paths. The pore morphology is studied using parameters such as flatness, elongation, and sphericity. The orientation of the pores and particles was first identified on 2D images representing cross-sections in the sample and extended to 3D throughout the entire volume for both loading paths. The results obtained in this thesis highlight the contribution of 3D images for a better understanding of the microstructure of saturated remolded clays
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Li, Zhong-Sen. "Etudes des propriétés hydromécaniques des sols argileux non saturés proches de la saturation." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0023/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse présente un ensemble de résultats expérimentaux sur une argile remaniée non saturée proche de la saturation, dont le degré de saturation est généralement supérieur à 70%.Après une série d’essais de caractérisation physique et mécanique du matériau, plusieurs méthodes expérimentales ont été utilisées pour étudier le comportement et certaines pathologies du sol compacté telles que l’orniérage et le matelassage.Une étude systématique du comportement du sol compacté sur chemins de drainage-humidification dans différents états initiaux a été effectuée, complétée par des mesures de succion par papier filtre et psychromètre. Les essais de porosimétrie par intrusion de mercure ont apporté un éclairage sur la microstructure du sol.La thèse a également permis d’étudier les variations de pression interstitielle du sol compacté sur chemin triaxial non drainé en utilisant la technique de translation d’axes, où quelques améliorations et modifications du montage ont été proposéesThis thesis present an experimental study of an unsaturated clayey soil close to saturation, whose degree of saturation is generally above 70%.After characterizing the physical and mechanical properties of the material, several experimental methods were used to study the behaviour and some pathologies of the compacted soil, such as rutting and quilting.A systematic study of the behaviour of the compacted soil on drying-wetting paths starting from different initial states was carried out, completed by suction measurements using filter-paper and psychrometer. Mercury intrusion porosimetry tests gave an insight of the soil microstructure.The thesis also addressed the question of the pore pressure variations of the compacted soil on undrained triaxial path using the axis-translation technique, where some improvements and modifications of the testing device were proposed
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Wei, Xin. "Etude micro-macro de la fissuration des argiles soumis à la dessiccation." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0013/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser l’apparition et la propagation des fissures de dessiccation et de mieux comprendre la relation entre les comportements macroscopique et microscopique de cinq argiles, une kaolinite, une montmorillonite et trois mélanges de kaolinite et montmorillonite. A l'échelle macroscopique, la méthode est basée sur (1) la mesure de la teneur en eau, de l’indice des vides et du degré de saturation en fonction de la succion au cours du séchage, qui permet de préciser la relation entre le retrait et la désaturation et met en évidence les phases caractéristiques du comportement; (2) des mesures de teneur en eau et des déformations globales dans les tests de dessiccation libre afin d'étudier leur homogénéité ; (3) la détermination des déformations et des déplacements locaux pendant le séchage avec les logiciels VIC-2D et VIC-3D ; (4) une étude classique des paramètres des fissures ; (5) des essais de traction pour déterminer les propriétés des argiles impliquées dans la formation de fissures . A l'échelle microscopique, l'étude est basée sur une analyse approfondie de la microstructure en utilisant en particulier le microscope électronique à balayage, couplé à une méthode adaptée pour l'identification des orientations préférentielles des particules. Cette étude microscopique est complétée par l'analyse de porosimétrie au mercure, une méthode qui permet de quantifier l'espace poral et de caractériser l’indice des vides local. Outre les recherches sur les sols argileux, les effets de la décompression et de la succion sur la formation des fissures dans une roche argileuse ont été analysés également. La relation entre les changements macroscopiques, les changements dans la microstructure et de la porosité a été étudiées. Lors des essais de dessiccation libre, les déformations et les déplacements sont obtenus avec Vic-2D. Les zones de l’échantillon où les fissures apparaissent sont identifiées ainsi que l’évolution des déformations et des déplacements avant l’apparition des fissures. A la fin du séchage, les fissures forment une sorte de réseau, où des bifurcation peuvent être observées dans certains cas. Deux modes de fissuration sont détectés pendant les essais : le mode de traction et le mode de déchirement. Lorsqu’une fissure est causée par des tractions, la direction de propagation suit la direction perpendiculaire à l’extension maximale. S’il y a des distorsions à proximité de la fissure, alors sa direction change. Au début du séchage, les déplacements et les déformations sur le bord sont plus importants que dans les autres parties du modèle. Au voisinage des fissures, les déplacements et les déformations deviennent plus grands que dans les autres parties. Dans la plus grande partie du modèle, les déformations principales sont essentiellement longitudinales et transversales. Pour un matériau donné, la résistance à la traction augmente lorsque la teneur en eau diminue. Le tracé des résultats en fonction de l’indice de liquidité permet de mettre en évidence l’effet de la minéralogie sur la résistance à la traction. Au même indice de liquidité, la contrainte maximale de traction diminue lorsque le pourcentage de monmorillonite augmente. L’effet de la succion sur la résistance à la traction semble qualitativement similaire à ce qui est observé dans le cas de la résistance à la compression simple : on observe que la résistance à la traction est une fonction linéaire du logarithme de la succion. L’analyse au MEB de quatre suspensions soumises à plusieurs succions met en évidence l’isotropie globale de la microstructure, avec une orientation aléatoire des particules, tandis qu’une analyse plus fine révèle que la microstructure peut présenter localement une certaine anisotropieThe objective of this research is to analyze the appearance and propagation of cracks related to desiccation and to provide a better understanding of the relation between the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of five clays, a kaolinite, a montmorillonite and three mixtures of kaolinite and montmorillonite. At the macroscopic scale, the method is based on (1) measurements of water content, void ratio and degree of saturation versus suction during drying, which allows to specify the relationship between shrinkage and desaturation and highlights the characteristic phases of behavior; (2) measurements of water contents and global deformations in free desiccation tests in order to study their homogeneity; (3) the determination of the local deformations and displacements during drying using the softwares VIC-2D and VIC-3D; (4) a classical study of the parameters of cracks; (5) traction tests in order to identify the tensile properties of the clays involved in the formation of cracks. At the microscopic scale, the study is based on a thorough microstructure analysis using in particular scanning electron microscope, coupled to an adapted method for the identification of preferential orientations of particles. This microscopic study is complemented by mercury intrusion porosimetry analysis, a method which allows to quantify the poral space and to characterize the local void ratio. In addition to the research on clay soils, the effects of decompression and suction on the formation of cracks in a clay rock were analyzed too. The relationship between macroscopic changes and the changes in the microstructure and porosity was investigated. During free desiccation tests, two-dimensional strains and displacements maps are obtained with Vic-2D. The zones of the sample where cracks appear are identified as well as the evolution of strains and displacements before the appearance of cracks. At the end of desiccation, the cracks form a kind of network. Bifurcation of cracks can be observed in some cases. Two modes of cracks are detected during the tests: traction mode and tearing mode. When a crack is caused by traction, the propagation direction follows the direction perpendicular to maximum extension. If there are shear strains in the vicinity of the crack, then its direction changes. In the early time of desiccation, the displacements and strains on the boundaries are larger than those in the other parts of the model. In the vicinity of cracks, displacements and strains are relatively larger than those in the other parts. In most parts of the model, the principal strains are mainly longitudinal and transversal. For a given material, tensile strength increases when water content decreases. Plotting the results versus the liquidity index allows highlighting the effect of mineralogy on tensile strength. At the same liquidity index, the maximum tensile stress decreases when the montmorillonite content increases. The effect of suction on tensile strength seems qualitatively similar to what is observed in the case of unconfined compression strength with tensile strength being a linear function of the logarithm of suction. Analysis with SEM of four slurries submitted to several suctions highlights the global isotropy of the microfabric, with a random orientation of the particles, while a finer analysis reveals that the fabric may present locally some anisotropy
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Oualmakran, Mohamed. "Multi-scale behaviour of aggregated soils:Experimental characterization and Constitutive modelling." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/222938.
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Natural and other aggregated or structured soils present peculiar mechanical behaviour which differs, in some parts, from the behaviour of soils reconstituted in laboratory. This difference can be explained by a specific structure which gathers the particles arrangement and bonding. However, numerous constitutive models were originally based on the behaviour of reconstituted soils. Therefore, classical models should be extended in order to reproduce more complex features of behaviour linked to the soil structure. This work provides a general framework to describe and predict the behaviour of aggregated and reconstituted soils. A multi-scale study was performed to understand the effect of the structure and its evolution upon loading. From an experimental point of view, a preliminary review of literature has been completed by an experimental program carried out on a silty soil in which different structures have been generated by various compaction conditions. At the macro-scale, conventional mechanical tests evidence the overconsolidation effect induced by structure and the important compressibility during its degradation. At the micro-scale, the fabric evolution during the destructuration process (induced by saturation and loading) has been mainly quantified by the evolution of the pore size distribution. This characterisation has been done by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry. The samples compacted on the dry side of optimum exhibit a double porosity characterized by a bimodal pore size distribution, by opposition to the samples compacted on wet side of optimum that show a single class of pores. The deformation induced by mechanical loading is related to the closure of the biggest pores and the pore size distribution of aggregated soils tends towards unimodal shape upon the destructuration process. A constitutive critical state model (ACMEG) has been extended, based on experimental observations, in order to reproduce the behaviours of aggregated and reconstituted soils. In this purpose, a structure variable has been introduced in the yield function and its evolution has been integrated in the hardening law. Explicit and implicit methods of integration have been discussed and implemented to reproduce stress-strain responses on geomechanical tests (oedometric, isotropic and triaxial compression tests). Finally, the model has been validated by comparison of model predictions with the experimental results.Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Palombo, Leandro. "A microtomografia de raios X e a porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio na determinação de porosidade e densidade de rochas reservatório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-11042017-140904/.
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A caracterização de rochas de reservatórios por microtomografia de raios X (MRX) consiste em uma técnica de análise digital para estudar tridimensionalmente microestruturas e formações geológicas. Para materiais geológicos porosos, a distinção do corpo mineral e dos vazios é facilmente realizada devido à diferença de atenuação dos raios X irradiados, fornecendo modelos tridimensionais de tamanho de grão, porosidade e estrutura de poros. Os métodos tradicionais de petrologia, como a microscopia óptica ou a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), apresentam menor significância estatística para a área analisada e são limitados à análise bidimensional; assim o MRX apresenta um avanço para as técnicas de caracterização por aquisição e análise digital de imagens. Paralelamente, são conhecidas outras técnicas experimentais para caracterização de porosidade de materiais geológicos por intrusão de fluidos ou envelopamento de partículas. Destas, destaca-se a porosimetria com intrusão de mercúrio que atua no intervalo de poros micro a nanométricos, e possibilita também a determinação da distribuição de tamanho de poros. Este trabalho tem por objetivo determinar a porosidade e densidade de análogos de rocha reservatório pela conjugação de procedimentos de MRX bi e tridimensionais, porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio e picnometria com gás Hélio. As condições operacionais foram previamente avaliadas até se estabelecer parâmetros capazes de gerar resultados reprodutíveis e com elevada repetitividade. Os resultados demonstram que as melhores correlações foram estabelecidas entre os resultados da porosimetria com mercúrio e microtomografia tridimensional, considerando-se a mesma resolução de tamanho de poro. Apesar dos princípios serem distintos e das comparações serem entre medidas indiretas e análise de imagens digitais, ambas são medidas volumétricas. Na avaliação de continuidade de poros, a correlação entre as determinações bi e tridimensionais revela presença de heterogeneidades. As determinações de densidade por porosimetria com mercúrio e picnometria com gás hélio são congruentes, desde que a quantidade de poros fechados não seja significativa em relação à porosidade total. A microscopia de raios X contribui significativamente para análise digital de rochas reservatório com possibilidade de determinação de porosidade, distribuição de tamanho, morfologia e conectividade de poros. Com a proibição iminente do uso de mercúrio por restrições ambientais, a MRX se torna uma suplente possível para estudos de materiais com porosidades micrométricas, com limitações na detecção poros nanométricos.Reservoir rock characterization by X-ray microtomography (XRM) consists of a digital analysis to study microstructures and geological formations. The distinction of matrix and voids within the rock sample can be easily carried out due to the attenuation difference of irradiated X-rays, providing three-dimensional models of grain size, porosity and pore structure. Traditional petrology methods, such as optical microscopy or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) presents lower statistical significance for the characterized area and are limited to two-dimensional analysis; therefore, XRM presents an advance for characterization techniques by acquisition and digital image analysis. At the same time, experimental techniques are known for porosity characterization of geological materials by fluid intrusion or particle envelopment. It can be emphasized the mercury intrusion porosimetry acts in the range of micro and nanopores and also allows the analysis of pore size distribution. This study aims to determine porosity and density of reservoir rock analogous by the combination of two and three dimensional XRM procedures, mercury intrusion porosimetry and helium gas pycnometry. Operating parameters were prior evaluated to establish conditions for obtaining reproducible results with high repeatability. The results were assessed individually with subsequent correlations under the same resolution. The results demonstrate that the best correlations were established between mercury porosimetry and three-dimensional microtomography data, considering the same pore size resolution. Although the principles are completely different, and the comparisons refers to indirect measurements and digital image analysis, both considers volumetric measurements. In the evaluation of pore continuity, the correlation between two and three-dimensional determinations reveals the presence of heterogeneities. The density determinations by mercury intrusion porosimetry and pycnometry with helium gas are congruent, as long as the number of closed pores is not significant in relation to the total porosity. X-ray microscopy contributes significantly to reservoir rock digital analysis with the possibility of determining porosity, pore size distribution, morphology and pore connectivity. With the mercury use prohibition by environmental constraints, MRX becomes a possible substitute to characterize materials with micrometric porosities, with limitations in the detection of nanometric pores.
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Byström, Emil. "Porous polymeric materials for chromatography : Synthesis, functionalization and characterization." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30314.
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Background: Separation science is heavily reliant on materials to fulfill ever more complicated demands raised by other areas of science, notably the rapidly expanding molecular biosciences and environmental monitoring. The key to successful separations lies in a combination of physical properties and surface chemistry of stationary phases used in liquid chromatographic separation, and this thesis address both aspects of novel separation materials. Methods: The thesis accounts for several approaches taken during the course of my graduate studies, and the main approaches have been i) to test a wild-grown variety of published methods for surface treatment of fused silica capillaries, to ascertain firm attachment of polymeric monoliths to the wall of microcolumns prepared in silica conduits; ii) developing a novel porogen scheme for organic monoliths including polymeric porogens and macromonomers; iii) evaluating a mesoporous styrenic monolith for characterization of telomers intended for use in surface modification schemes and; iv) to critically assess the validity of a common shortcut used for estimating the porosity of monoliths prepared in microconduits; and finally v) employing plasma chemistry for activating and subsequently modifying the surface of rigid, monodisperse particles prepared from divinylbenzene. Results: The efforts accounted for above have resulted in i) better knowledge of the etching and functionalization parameters that determine attachment of organic monoliths prepared by radical polymerization to the surface of silica; ii) polar methacrylic monoliths with a designed macroporosity that approaches the desired "connected rod" macropore morphology; iii) estab¬lishing the usefulness of monoliths prepared via nitroxide mediated polymerization in gradient polymer elution chromatography; iv) proving that scanning electron microscopy images are of limited value for assessing the macroporous properties of organic monoliths, and that pore measurements on externally polymerized monolith cocktails do not represent the porous properties of the same cocktail polymerized in narrow confinements; and v) showing that plasma bromination can be used as an activation step for rigid divinylbenzene particles to act as grafting handles for epoxy-containing telomers, that can be attached in a sufficiently dense layer and converted into carboxylate cation exchange layer that allows protein separations in fully aqueous eluents.
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Fu, Xiaojian. "Coupure Hydraulique et Potentiel de Production en Gaz de Réservoirs de Grès « Tight » : Etude Expérimentale." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0021/document.
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Les réservoirs dits « tight gas » sont constitués de grès de faible perméabilité ayant des propriétés petro-physiques susceptibles de nuire à la productivité du gisement. Une importante zone de transition est observée in situ dans laquelle ni l’eau ni le gaz ne sont suffisamment mobiles pour permettre une extraction industrielle : c’est ce que l’on appellera le « permeability jail ». Cette étude vise principalement à caractériser l’influence du chargement mécanique (via l’utilisation de différentes pressions de confinement) et de la nature des roches (roches provenant de différents puits et prélevées à différentes profondeurs) sur les courbes de perméabilité relative au gaz et les caractéristiques poro-mécaniques de ces roches. La porosité accessible à l’eau mesurée est de 2 à 12%. La perméabilité intrinsèque au gaz a mis en évidence de fortes disparités sans lien avec la porosité des échantillons. Une grande sensibilité de la perméabilité relative au confinement a été observée dès l’application de pressions de confinement de 15 à 30 MPa. Deux familles d’échantillons ont ainsi été identifiées. Les échantillons les plus perméables (perméabilité compris entre 100 – 1000 μD), sont peu sensibles au confinement et leur perméabilité relative ne chute qu’à partir de saturations de l’ordre de 50%. Les échantillons les moins perméables apparaissent beaucoup plus sensibles à la fois au confinement et à la saturation.Des méthodes classiquement utilisées dans le domaine pétrolier reposant sur l’interprétation d’essais de porosimétrie par intrusion mercure, ont également été mise en œuvre pour évaluer les perméabilités relatives et les comparer aux mesures expérimentalesSo-called tight gas reservoirs are constituted of low permeability sandstones, which petro-physical properties may interfere with proper gas recovery. They have a low absolute permeability (below 0.1 mD under ambient conditions), a porosity lower than 10%, and a strong sensitivity to in situ stresses as compared to conventional reservoirs. Moreover, an important transition zone is observed in situ, where partial water saturation is present, and which may extend over several hundred meters over the free water table. In such zone, where water saturation is on the order of 40-50%, neither gas nor water seems sufficiently mobile for industrial extraction: this is the permeability jail. Our aim is to assess their actual petro-physical properties, namely porosity, gas permeability under varying hydrostatic stress and water saturation level, in relation with sandstone microstructure. Accessible water porosity measured is between 2 to 12%. The intrinsic permeability to gas did not appeared related to the porosity of samples. A high sensitivity of gas permeability to confinement was observed. Two families of samples were identified. The more permeable samples (permeability between 100-1000 μD), are relatively insensitive to confinement and their relative permeability decrease for water saturation higher than 50%. Less permeable samples appear much more sensitive to mechanical loading and saturation.Methods classically used in oil and gas industry based on the interpretation of mercury intrusion porosimetry tests have also been used to evaluate relative permeability and compared with experimental measurements
Book chapters on the topic "Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP)"
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Pirard, René, Christelle Alié, and Jean-Paul Pirard. "Specific Behavior of Sol–Gel Materials in Mercury Porosimetry: Collapse and Intrusion." In Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19454-7_136-1.
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Pirard, René, Christelle Alié, and Jean-Paul Pirard. "Specific Behavior of Sol-Gel Materials in Mercury Porosimetry: Collapse and Intrusion." In Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 1425–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32101-1_136.
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Nowamooz, Hossein, and Farimah Masrouri. "Soil Fabric of Compacted and Natural Swelling Soils Studied by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry." In Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications, 131–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31116-1_17.
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Tian, Jinfeng, Huan Yan, and Guijie Zhao. "Research on the Pore Characteristics of Dredger Fill By Preloading." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 343–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1748-8_31.
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AbstractThis study investigated the characteristics of dredger fill after preloading at the DaLian. Granulometric composition test and X-ray diffraction were employed to determine the composition of dredger fill. Mercury intrusion porosimetry was combined to determine the related features of the pore. This paper also discussed the changes in porosity, pore diameter distribution, and morphological characteristics of the pore. Preloading influence depth was established based on pore changes. The results show that: the dredger fill contained numerous clay minerals, mainly illite and illite–smectite mixed layer; and the influence depth established based on pore changes of the area was almost 11 m. Within the influence depth, porosity decreased rapidly as the depth increased, and the main scope of pore volume fraction changes from the scope of 0.06–10 μm to the scope of 0.1–1 μm. When depth was greater than the influence depth, porosity slowly changed, pores with diameters greater than 1 μm show an increasing trend. Thus, the soil was compacted.
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You, Xiaomin, Xuefeng She, Jingsong Wang, and Qingguo Xue. "Characterization of Microstructure Changes of Pyrolytic CCCP and Their Effect on Carbon Reactivity by Industrial CT, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry, and SEM." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 297–310. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22576-5_29.
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Yu, Yunliang, Haibo Xu, Ye Bai, Huijing Zhang, Wenqing Niu, and Liya Tian. "MIP and CT Scanning Characterization of Pore Structure of Tight Volcanic Rocks." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210177.
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Volcanic rocks are unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, and the pore structure of the rock is relatively complex. In this study, we selected samples from CS105 well and DS9 well from Yingcheng Formation volcanic reservoirs in the southern Songliao Basin to study the pore structure. First, we performed experiments on two rock samples using computed tomography (CT), and then measured the porosity and density of the two rock samples using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). According to the data obtained by micron computed tomography (Micro-CT), Avizo 2019.1 software was used to perform three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction on the micron level of the two wellhead samples. Analyze the microscopic pore structure of the rock sample and compare it with the porosity of the sample obtained by the mercury injection method. Compared with MIP, Micro-CT more accurately characterizes the pore structure and porosity of volcanic rocks.
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"Mercury intrusion porosimetry." In Pore Structure of Cement-Based Materials, 102–49. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482271959-14.
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BERODIER, ELISE, JULIEN BIZZOZERO, and ARNAUD MULLER. "Mercury intrusion porosimetry." In A Practical Guide to Microstructural Analysis of Cementitious Materials, 419–44. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19074-10.
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Rojas, Eduardo. "Applications of the Porous-Solid Model." In Towards a Unified Soil Mechanics Theory: The Use of Effective Stresses in Unsaturated Soils (Third Edition), 83–103. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050356122010008.
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In the previous chapter, a probabilistic porous-solid model with the ability to simulate both branches of the soil-water retention curve, was developed. In this chapter, the model is used to interpret more realistically the results of mercury intrusion porosimetry tests. Moreover, it is used to obtain the pore size distribution of soils employing both branches of the soil-water retention curve as data. The numerical and experimental comparisons for different soils show that the model approximately reproduces the pore size distributions obtained from mercury intrusion porosimetry tests. Finally, a procedure to fit the numerical with the experimental soil-water retention curves in order to obtain the pore size distribution of soils is presented.
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Hasanuzzaman, Muhammad, Abu Raihan Mohammad Harunur Rashid, and Abdul-Ghani Olabi. "Characterization of Porous Glass and Ceramics by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry." In Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09266-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP)"
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Raza, Syed Shabbar, Victor Rudolph, Tom Rufford, and Zhongwei Chen. "A Stochastic Anisotropic Coal Permeability Model Using Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry, MIP and Stress-Strain Measurements." In SPE/AAPG/SEG Asia Pacific Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/ap-urtec-2019-198260.
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Hawco, Jessica, Elliott Burden, Edison Sripal, and Lesley James. "Evaluating the Prospect of Oil Production in Tight Winterhouse Formation Rocks in Western Newfoundland." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208908-ms.
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Abstract The Winterhouse Formation (Port au Port Peninsula, western Newfoundland, Canada) is a lateral equivalent to the Utica and Macasty formations farther west. With hydrocarbon stains and odours as a guide towards a common and regional upper Ordovician hydrocarbon system, Winterhouse rocks may yet contain their own suite of source reservoir and seal strata, with coarser, sandier beds perhaps playing host to other varieties of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon traps. Hence, addressing basic properties of fluid transmission is an important and unknown variable that needs to be addressed for this formation. In this pilot study, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) is applied to measure the petrophysical properties of a single tight (low porosity, low permeability) quartz-carbonate sandstone sample from a Winterhouse outcrop. As a tool, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry is strongly dependent on conformity of sample size and shape as a determinant of pore accessibility. Hence two sample types (i) plugs and (ii) cuttings (both real and artificial) are analyzed to explore aspects of core and cuttings preparation and data reduction work flow measurements of storage and transport properties. For artificial "cuttings" a horizontal 2.5 cm core plug and rock fragments are crushed and sieved to replicate fine and coarse fractions. For porosimetry, a Micromeretrics AutoPore IV porosimeter with a maximum pressure of 33,000 psi is used to determine the porosity, pore size distribution, surface area, and bulk density of all samples. Additionally, the FEI Quanta 650 Field Emission Gun (FEG) SEM is used to take images of the pore structure. Mineralogy is determined from the GXMAP measurement mode within FEI Mineral Liberation AnalyzerTM software. A comprehensive analysis corroborating results from MIP and SEM indicates that for these tight rocks, and namely, outcrop plugs, artificial cuttings, and real drill cuttings from a nearby well, all show a similar spectrum of results, but smaller coarse fragments are recommended for reliability. In terms of the Winterhouse strata, it is clear that some of this rock is very tight and highly cemented, but that it also possesses fractures and high permeability values which may make it a good unconventional reservoir. These porosity-permeability results are simply a beginning in a search to understand the petrophysical properties of the strata on the western coast of Newfoundland. The western part of Newfoundland has seen extensive oil exploration efforts in the last few decades, these efforts have resulted in little success. A large degree of this is due to the complex geological history and overall lack of knowledge concerning the structure and diagenesis of these rocks (Cooper et al, 2001). This study will support the new sampling programs in the hope of gaining new insights into potential oil exploitation.
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Hasanpour, Sadegh, Andre Phillion, and Mina Hoorfar. "Investigation of Gas Diffusion Layer Properties Using X-Ray Microtomography." In ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2015-49085.
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An essential part of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is the gas diffusion layer (GDL), which provides pathways for by-products to be removed from PEMFCs. One of the main properties of GDLs is porosity. The two widely used experimental methods for finding the porosity of GDLs are mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and method of standard porosimetry (MSP). In addition to these methods, the porosity of GDLs can be calculated based on the high resolution 3D images that are acquired using X-ray microtomography (μXCT) as shown in recent studies (e.g., [7,12]). Despite the general success of using μXCT to measure GDL porosity, different porosity values have been reported for similar GDLs. These variations are due to different assumptions made for determining the surface of the sample, and hence, its external dimensions. In this research, current methods used for calculating porosity of GDLs from μXCT images are discussed, and a new surface identification method based on a rolling ball algorithm is introduced. The main advantage of this new method is that variations in surface topology or roughness are taken into account when calculating porosity. The new method is not only applicable to GDLs, but can be applied to characterize a wide range of highly porous media.
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Lima, C. R. C., U. Senturk, R. S. Lima, and C. C. Berndt. "Thermal Conductivity Behavior of Sol-Gel Post-Treated Thermal Barrier Coatings." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p1057.
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Abstract Thermal barrier coatings have been extensively used in several industrial segments. The material used as an insulator in such systems has been partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) plasma sprayed over a metallic bond coat layer. The ceramic layer is usually porous, thus improving insulation properties. The porosity also increases gas permeability and, therefore, reduces oxidation resistance of the coating. Post-treatments have been applied to reduce the open porosity and improve oxidation resistance. In this work thermal barrier coatings were applied on low carbon steel substrates using two sets of bond coat, i.e., metallic and metal-ceramic. The metallic bond coat was NiCrAlY. The metal-ceramic bond coat was a mixture of NiCrAlY and 8% yttria partially stabilized zirconia, which were applied by simultaneous feeding to the plasma torch from two powder feeders. A sol-gel method was employed to impregnate the porous ceramic top coat with alumina or zirconia. The samples in the as-sprayed and post-treated condition were characterized using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), thermal conductivity. KEY WORDS: Thermal Conductivity, TBCs, Sol-Gel.
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Fiorelli, G. L., A. Winter, E. T. Koroishi, and O. V. Trevisan. "Characterization of Coquinas and Dolomites Integrating Electrical Resistivity, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Porosimetry by Mercury Intrusion (MICP)." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/175657-ms.
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Waly, Gihan H., Inas S. Abdel Hamid, Mohamed A. Sharaf, Mona K. Marei, and Naglaa A. Mostafa. "Evaluation of Hybrid Chitosan-Cellulose Biodegradable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47068.
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Natural polymers continue to provide effective biocompatible scaffolds for use in tissue engineering applications. In some respects, their chemical structure closely mimics that of the extracelluar matrix of biological tissues. Eventhough a wide variety of biopolymers can be used for these applications, no single polymer has been yet found to fulfill all requirements needed in a scaffold material. In an attempt to combine the advantages of two natural polymers, hybrid scaffolds of chitosan/cellulose constructs had been evaluated as candidates for tissue engineering applications. Four groups of hybrid chitosan/cellulose scaffolds were prepared with different cellulose concentrations. The surface and bulk porosities scaffolds have been examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM photographs revealed that all hybrid scaffold groups exhibited an interconnected highly porous structure. Percent porosity and pore volume distribution were evaluated using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The scaffolds were mechanically tested to evaluate their compressive strength. The biodegradation rate in lysozyme-containing saline had been also determined over a six week period. The MIP results showed that all scaffolds had percent porosity in excess of 75% and that the percent porosity decreased by increasing the cellulose concentration. The incremental intrusion versus diameter curves revealed that most of the scaffolds porosity occurred in the macro-scale. The compressive strength of the scaffold showed an increase with an increase in the cellulose concentration. However, the biodegradation rate was found to vary inversely with the cellulose content in the hybrid. In order to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the chitosan-based scaffolds, mesenchymal stem cells were statically seeded and their attachment had been evaluated. The results revealed that after three and eight day of seeding, the scaffolds became highly populated with cells. This serves as a clear indicatation that the scaffolds thus investigated promote cell attachment and support cell proliferation and proliferation. Thus, the investigated scaffolds are promising candidates for tissue engineering applications.
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Paul, S., I. O. Golosnoy, A. Cipitria, T. W. Clyne, L. Xie, and M. R. Dorfman. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Pore Architecture and Associated Property Changes in Plasma Sprayed TBCs." In ITSC2007, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p0411.
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Abstract Plasma sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) exhibit many interlamellar pores, voids and microcracks. These microstructural features are primarily responsible for the low global stiffnesses and the low thermal conductivities commonly exhibited by such coatings. The pore architecture thus has an important influence on such thermophysical properties. In the present work, the effect of heat treatment (at temperatures up to 1400°C, for times of up to 10 hours) on the pore architecture in detached YSZ top coats has been characterised by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) and gas-sorption techniques. While the overall porosity level remained relatively unaffected (at around 10-12%) after the heat treatments concerned, there were substantial changes in the pore size distribution and the (inter-connected) specific surface area. Fine pores (<~50 nm) rapidly disappeared, while the specific surface area dropped dramatically, particularly at high treatment temperatures (~1400°C). These changes are thought to be associated with intra-splat microcrack healing, improved inter-splat bonding and increased contact area, leading to disappearance of much of the fine porosity. These microstructural changes are reflected in sharply increased stiffness and thermal conductivity. Measured thermal conductivity data are compared with predictions from a recently-developed analytical model, using the deduced inter-splat contact area results as input parameters. Good agreement is obtained, suggesting that the model captures the main geometrical effects and the pore size distribution measurements reflect the most significant microstructural changes.
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Sazali, Wan Muhammad Luqman, Jim Buckman, Ma Jingsheng, Wen Pin Yong, and Andreas Busch. "Caprock Porosity and Permeability Characterisation for CO2 Storage Seal Integrity Assessment Using Preserved Core and Drill Cuttings." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216035-ms.
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Abstract Carbon capture and storage (CCS) requires sealing caprocks to ensure the stored CO2 is contained in the reservoir and not leaking towards the surface. Many caprocks are composed of mudrocks, a siliciclastic sedimentary rock with a high clay content. We here analyse such a caprock from the Field S which is a potential CO2 storage site in the Sarawak Basin, East Malaysia. The determination of important caprock properties, like porosity and permeability, is often difficult and requires fresh core material that is adequately stored for lab testing. When such core material is not available, drill cuttings might be used as alternatives to predict formation properties if suitable empirical relationships are available which is the objective of this study. Therefore, we performed a petrophysical characterisation of core and cutting samples using mercury intrusion porosimetry, unsteady state pulse decay permeameter, nuclear magnetic resonance and helium pycnometer measurements. Only MIP and helium pycnometer are suitable to determine porosity and permeability on drill cuttings, while plug samples can be used for permeability tests under subsurface stress conditions. The lab data has then been correlated with well log data to further understand the porosity and permeability trend for prediction purposes. The caprock in Field S is divided into two facies (Seal A and Seal B) with varying clay contents of ~20 and ~40% respectively. However, laboratory derived porosity and permeability values do not vary significantly between the two facies. This might be because Seal B (higher clay content) is significantly over-pressured compared to Seal A, potentially resulting in porosity preservation during compaction, resulting in increased permeability. This is consistent with the time-to-depth conversion from seismic data, where Seal B is identified as being undercompacted in comparison to Seal A. Here, we will present our workflow in predicting porosity and permeability of caprocks based on a petrophysical and mineralogical database developed for Seal A and B. We will discuss issues with this approach and its potential and highlight the difficulties in determining permeability from confined plug or unconfined cutting samples.
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Cadix, Arnaud, Steven Meeker, Swati Kaushik, Elodie Haumesser, and Guillaume Ovarlez. "Associative Microgels, New Self Adaptive Systems to Control Fluid Loss in Well Cementing." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207472-ms.
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Abstract Fluid loss control additives are critical constituents in a cement slurry formulation to ensure even cement placement and ultimately satisfactory zonal isolation. Many technological options have been developed over the past decades to design fluid loss control additives for cementing. The most popular technologies as of today are either based on water soluble polymers or colloidal particles like latexes. As an alternative approach, in this paper we introduce a new technology based on associative or "sticky" microgels. These microgels are able to associate with one another at elevated concentration but, more surprisingly, are also able to associate under shear in the dilute regime during a filtration process. As a consequence these additives demonstrate outstanding performance as fluid loss control agents. This study focuses first on standard API filtration tests using sticky microgels, and on how their behavior in application differs from traditional systems, in particular water-based soluble polymers such as cellulosic derivatives or synthetic polymers. Our investigations then focus on the working mechanism of the microgel system by analyzing adsorption on the cement surface, rheology, and filter cake structure using Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP). Finally the behavior of sticky microgels in model filtration tests is explored with either filtration against porous ceramic discs or using microfluidic chips allowing a direct visualization of microgels during filtration. This study demonstrates that associative microgels are not controlling fluid loss through a simple size match between particles and pores within the filter cake but rather through shear-induced aggregation. Microfluidic observations reveal that aggregation occurs irreversibly as microgels are forced through the pores as the filtration process occurs. The shear-induced associated gels are particularly effective at reducing dramatically the filter cake permeability and allowing gas migration control. Interestingly the shear-induced aggregation of associative μgels seems to confer self-adaptive properties of the fluid loss additives with respect to the pore network to be clogged. Indeed, formation of shear aggregated gels larger than the individual microgels can be used to limit fluid loss even if the pore sizes are much larger than the individual microgels.
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Lokajícek, Tomáš, Ali Aminzadeh, Matej Petružálek, Daniela Rimnácová, and Richard Prikryl. "Porosity and Engineering Parameters of Thermally Degraded Westerly Granite." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0378.
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ABSTRACT We present a textural analysis study based on the combination of ultrasonic testing (UT) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) of 36 Westerly granite (WG) samples exposed to different heating temperatures in the range between 100°C and 800°C. Specimens subjected to elevated temperature treatment were also subjected to the thin section analysis. Identical WG cylindrical specimens with diameter 11.5 and height 15 mm were used for UT and MIP study. UT of all specimens was made by P and S wave 1 MHz resonant frequency sensors. It was found that P-S wave velocity, amplitude, frequency and elastic modulus decrease more than 60% as a result of thermal rock material disintegration due to the increased temperature treatment. The damage parameters based on measured values were also determined. MIP showed that the pore size distributions vary with different heating temperature in dependence of the thermal WG treatment. The higher rising porosity values were observed for samples with heating temperature > 500°C. The influence of thermal treatment to the 3D – velocity distribution of P, S1, S2 by UT of spherical sample of 50 mm in diameter was also studied, that enables us to calculate full stiffness tensor. Based on the knowledge of stiffness tensor of WG material heated up to 800°C and loaded to hydrostatic pressure up to 120 MPa the 3D distribution of dynamic engineering parameters like Young and shear modulus and Poisson ratio were determined. Fundamental dynamic engineering parameters for material primary directions in temperature range 100 – 800°C and pressure range 0.1 to 120 MPa were determined. INTRODUCTION Granite can be important rock for waste and gas disposal or as water reservoir exhibiting low native porosity/permeability and high integrity (Yang et al., 2017). In the past, high temperature treatment has been demonstrated as having a great effect on the mechanical behaviour of some rocks (Kern et al.; 1978; Heuze, 1983; Zhang et al., 2001; Dwivedi et al., 2008; Lokajicek et al., 2012; Blake et al., 2013; Chen 2017; Lokajíček et al., 2020, etc.). Increasing temperature mostly causes the changes of pore network of the rock by the formation of new microcracks and enlargement of them. Porosity and pore size distribution is the main factor influencing the associated mechanical properties as strength, elasticity, permeability and ultrasonic wave propagation. There was found that poroelastic properties of hard rocks can be affected by microstructural evolution such as porosity change and micro-cracks growth (Sardini et al., 2006, Heap, 2019, Schepp and Renner, 2021, Schild et al., 2021, Kumari and Ranjith, 2022). High temperatures may induce microcrack formation and propagation and result in elastic properties change of rocks and increase of porosity. To investigate the effect of thermal degradation on granite, slow heating thermal treatments were carried out on WG granite samples in this study. The mechanical properties (e.g. elastic properties, elastic modulus, ultrasonic waves propagation, textural properties (pore network, surface area and pore volume etc.), and thermal dependence of all studied parameters were investigated.