Journal articles: 'Mercury intrusion porosity'

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Porosity Measurements of Positive of Lead-Acid Battery Plates by Mercury PSorosimetry." Baghdad Science Journal 7, no. 3 (September 5, 2010): 1187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.7.3.1187-1192.

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A mercury porosimeter has been used to measure the intrusion volume of the three types mercury positive lead acid-battery plates. The intrusion volumes were used to calculate the pore diameter, pore volume, pore area, and pore size distribution. The variation of the pore area in positive lead acid-battery plates as well as of the pore volume has the following sequence. Paste positive > Uncured positive > Cured positive

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Cardoso, Antônio V., Walisson José Oliveira, and G. J. O. Vaz. "Cortical bone porosity visualization using mercury porosimetry intrusion data." Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) 12, no. 4 (December 2007): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-70762007000400010.

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Sun, Guo Wen, Jin Yang Jiang, Yun Sheng Zhang, and Cai Hui Wang. "Quantitative Characterization of Effective Porosity in Cement-Based Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3174.

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The method of the second intrusion mercury in MIP was used to investigate the pore characteristics of hardened cement paste with w/c ratio 0.23, 0.35 and 0.53, respectively, in order to research the quantitative relationship between transport properties and pore characteristics in cement-based composite materials. The results show the second intrusion mercury could well determine the effective pore structure parameters, and effective porosity accounts for 25% to 50% of total porosity in cement paste. At the same time, the existence of the first and second peak in pore size distribution curves is confirmed by MIP, such as, the first peak in hardened cement paste with water to cement ratio 0.53 is very distinct, however, with the decrease of water to cement ratio, the first peak gradually disappears. The pore diameter corresponding to the first and second peak is critical pore diameter of capillary pore and gel pore, respectively.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Study of the Porosity of Certain pharmaceutical Tablets using Mercury Intrusion Porosimeter." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 4 (December 6, 2009): 731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.6.4.731-737.

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Porosity and pore structure are important characteristics of pharmaceutical tablets, since they influence the physical properties, such as mechanical strength, density and disintegration time. This paper is an attempt to investigate the pore structure of four different paracetamol tablets based on mercury porosimetry. The intrusion volumes of mercury were used to calculate the pore diameter, pore volume and pore size distribution. The result obtained indicate that the variation of the pore volume in the tablets followed the sequence:- S.D.I. Iraq? Pharmacare,Dubai-U.A.E.? Bron and Burk(UK) London?Lark Laboratories(India), while the variation of surface area followed the sequence:- S.D.I. Iraq? Lark Laboratories(India)? Pharmacare,Dubai-U.A.E. ? Bron and Burk(UK) London

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Penumadu, Dayakar, and John Dean. "Compressibility effect in evaluating the pore-size distribution of kaolin clay using mercury intrusion porosimetry." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-121.

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The objective of the present research is to quantitatively evaluate the compression that can occur during the evaluation of pore-size distribution of cohesive soil using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). A new experimental procedure was developed that can be routinely used to evaluate the corrections associated with the compressibility for porous solid samples using MIP. The approach used in this study involves performing mercury intrusion tests on dehydrated kaolin samples using freeze-dried and oven-dried techniques, and on identical samples confined by low-porosity latex membranes. Corrections for latex intrusion and issues related to dehydration of samples are addressed. The measured contact angle of mercury with kaolin clay using the sessile drop technique was used in the data reduction. Repeatable test results were obtained throughout the testing program. The procedure for obtaining volume-change behavior under isotropic conditions for a large range of pressures using the mercury porosimeter is also presented for oven-dried samples. Scanning electron micrographs for intruded and compressed specimens are presented along with a discussion on the observed hysteresis in MIP test data. The test results for kaolin samples show substantive initial compression before the occurrence of actual intrusion. This resulted in errors associated with the interpretation of pore sizes with diameters in the range of 0.4-200 µm.Key words: mercury intrusion, clay, compression, correction, pore-size distribution, high pressure.

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Bloch, J. F., and R. Kedadi. "Mercury intrusion technique: Structure analysis of porous media with porosity gradient." Filtration & Separation 38, no. 5 (June 2001): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(01)80336-0.

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Cho, Won Jung, Min Jae Kim, and Ji Seok Kim. "Study on the Pore Structure Characteristics of Ferronickel-Slag-Mixed Ternary-Blended Cement." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 4863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214863.

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Pore structure development in Portland cement, fly ash, or/and ferronickel slag (FNS) was investigated using mercury intrusion porosimetry and X-ray CT tomography. The progress of hydration was observed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and compressive strength while durability of concrete was monitored by chloride penetration resistance and chloride profiles. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) results suggested that the blended cement had a higher porosity while lower critical pore size. The major reason to this increased porosity was the formation of meso and micro pores compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). In terms of chloride transport, replaced cement, especially ternary-blended cement had higher resistance to chloride transport and exhibited slightly lower development of compressive strength. X-ray CT tomography shows that the influence of pore structure of ternary-blended cement on the ionic transport was strongly related to the pore connectivity of cement matrix.

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Pařízek, Ladislav, Eva Bartoníčková, Vlastimil Bílek Jr., and Jiří Kratochvíl. "Porosity Evaluation of Alternative Materials Based on Portland Cement." Advanced Materials Research 1000 (August 2014): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1000.314.

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High energy requirements and the resulting economic demands due to the production of Portland cement leads to tendency to replace a portion of cement with secondary raw materials or to use other alternative binders. Among the commonly used cements replacements is currently fly ash which is produced during the coal combustion. In this paper the influence of cement/ash ratio in a paste on paste’s porosity is investigated using mercury intrusion porosimetry.

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Zhang, Yun Feng, Tian Tian Chu, and Hong Qi Yuan. "Clastic Rock Reservoir Physical Characteristics of Southern Songliao Basin Changling Fault Depression Layer." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1320.

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We study the Changling fault depression layer reservoir space type and characteristic of clastic rock reservoirs in the study area, by core observation, thin section analysis, cathodoluminescence analysis, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion method, and discusses the development of secondary porosity and fracture characteristics and formation mechanism.

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Ren, Jiangang, Guocheng Zhang, Zhimin Song, Gaofeng Liu, and Bing Li. "Comprehensive Fractal Description of Porosity of Coal of Different Ranks." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/490318.

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We selected, as the objects of our research, lignite from the Beizao Mine, gas coal from the Caiyuan Mine, coking coal from the Xiqu Mine, and anthracite from the Guhanshan Mine. We used the mercury intrusion method and the low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption method to analyze the structure and shape of the coal pores and calculated the fractal dimensions of different aperture segments in the coal. The experimental results show that the fractal dimension of the aperture segment of lignite, gas coal, and coking coal with an aperture of greater than or equal to 10 nm, as well as the fractal dimension of the aperture segment of anthracite with an aperture of greater than or equal to 100 nm, can be calculated using the mercury intrusion method; the fractal dimension of the coal pore, with an aperture range between 2.03 nm and 361.14 nm, can be calculated using the liquid nitrogen adsorption method, of which the fractal dimensions bounded by apertures of 10 nm and 100 nm are different. Based on these findings, we defined and calculated the comprehensive fractal dimensions of the coal pores and achieved the unity of fractal dimensions for full apertures of coal pores, thereby facilitating, overall characterization for the heterogeneity of the coal pore structure.

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GUIDI, G., R. PINI, and G. POGGIO. "POROSITY IN A PUDDLED RICE SOIL AS MEASURED WITH MERCURY-INTRUSION POROSIMETRY." Soil Science 145, no. 6 (June 1988): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198806000-00008.

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Staněk, Martin, and Yves Géraud. "Granite microporosity changes due to fracturing and alteration: secondary mineral phases as proxies for porosity and permeability estimation." Solid Earth 10, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-251-2019.

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Abstract. Several alteration facies of fractured Lipnice granite are studied in detail on borehole samples by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry, polarized and fluorescent light microscopy, and microprobe chemical analyses. The goal is to describe the granite void space geometry in the vicinity of fractures with alteration halos and to link specific geometries with simply detectable parameters to facilitate quick estimation of porosity and permeability based on, for example, drill cuttings. The core of the study is the results of porosity and throat size distribution analyses on 21 specimens representing unique combinations of fracture-related structures within six different alteration facies basically differing in secondary phyllosilicate chemistry and porosity structure. Based on a simple model to calculate permeability from the measured porosities and throat size distributions, the difference in permeability between the fresh granite and the most fractured and altered granite is 5 orders of magnitude. Our observations suggest that the porosity, the size of connections and the proportion of crack porosity increase with fracture density, while precipitation of iron-rich infills as well as of fine-grained secondary phyllosilicates acts in the opposite way. Different styles and intensities of such end-member agents shape the final void space geometry and imply various combinations of storage, transport and retardation capacity for specific structures. This study also shows the possibility to use standard mercury intrusion porosimetry with advanced experimental settings and data treatment to distinguish important differences in void space geometry within a span of a few percent of porosity.

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Kirnbauer, Johannes. "The Influence of Vacuum Mixing on the Porosity of Ultra High Performance Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 897 (February 2014): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.897.266.

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The influence of vacuum mixing on the porosity of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) was examined. For this reason, test specimen with a typical mix composition for UHPC were prepared and cured in six different ways. The pore size distribution and the total porosity were determined by the use of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The results show that the total porosity of vacuum mixed UHPC is significantly different than of conventionally mixed UHPC within all curing methods. Since UHPC generally only has a little amount of capillary pores, a change in porosity was determined due to a change in the range of gel pores.

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Hu, Yan Jun, and Yan Liang Du. "Effect of Pore Structure on the Chloride Permeability of Concrete with Mineral Admixture." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.835.

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In this paper, the effect of pore structure on the chloride ions ingress into concrete was investigated. The most probable diameter was measured by Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and the total porosity was measured by evaporative water method (EWM). The results indicate that the most probable diameter by MIP has better linear relationship with chloride diffusion coefficient than the total porosity by EWM, the most probable diameter has significant influence on chloride diffusivity, and the smaller most probable diameter will lead to higher chloride penetration resistance.

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Zhou, Renzhan, Qiang Li, Jiandong Wang, Kewen Zhou, Rui He, and Chuanqing Fu. "Assessment of Electrical Resistivity and Oxygen Diffusion Coefficient of Cementitious Materials from Microstructure Features." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 3141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123141.

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A newly proposed modified non-contact electrical resistivity measurement was used to test the resistivity of concrete and cement mortar. The oxygen diffusion coefficients of concrete and mortar were determined by a gas diffusion measurement, and the capillary porosity of concrete and cement mortar was measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) measurement. The obtained electrical resistivity and capillary porosity results were verified with other researchers’ data, the measured electrical resistivity results can be estimated by a simple equation from the capillary porosity results. The obtained oxygen diffusion coefficient results were quantitatively correlated with capillary porosity and electrical resistivity measurement results. The proposed equations can be practically used to assess the electrical resistivity and oxygen diffusion coefficient.

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Vitas, Selin, Jana Segmehl, Ingo Burgert, and Etienne Cabane. "Porosity and Pore Size Distribution of Native and Delignified Beech Wood Determined by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry." Materials 12, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030416.

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The complex hierarchical structures of biological materials in combination with outstanding property profiles are great sources of inspiration for material scientists. Based on these characteristic features, the structure of wood has been increasingly exploited to fabricate novel hierarchical and functional materials. With delignification treatments, the density and chemistry of wood can be altered, resulting in hierarchical cellulose scaffolds with enhanced porosity for the fabrication of novel hybrid materials. In the present study, focusing on acidic delignification of beech wood and its influence on porosity, we report on a structural characterization and qualitative assessment of the cellulose scaffolds using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). To account for the effect of water removal from the hygroscopic structure, different drying methods—e.g., standard oven and freeze-drying—were applied. While native beech wood is characterized by the presence of macro, meso and micro pores, delignification altered the porosity, increasing the importance of the macropores in the pore size distribution. Furthermore, we showed that the final porosity obtained in the material is strongly dependent on the applied drying process. Samples delignified under harsh conditions at high temperature (mass loss of ~35%) show a 13% higher porosity after freeze-drying compared to oven-dried samples. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of the delignification and drying processes on the porosity of cellulose scaffolds, which is of high relevance for subsequent modification and functionalization treatments.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Investigation of the Porosity of Certain Iraqi Clay Deposits by Mercury Porosimeter." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.6.1.163-172.

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Pore volume, pore diameter, and pore volume distribution of three of Iraqi natural clay deposites were measured using mercury intrusion porosimetry .The clays are white kaolin, colored kaolin, and bentonite .The results showed that the variation of the pore area of the clay deposites followed the following order :- Coloured Kaolin > White Kaolin > Bentonite While the pore volume may be arranged as in the following sequence:- White Kaolin > Coloured Kaolin >Bentonite Also , Bentonite exhibits the narrow range pore size distribution than the white and coloured kaolin.

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Kadlec, O. "On the theory of capillary condensation and mercury intrusion in determining carbon porosity." Carbon 27, no. 1 (1989): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(89)90168-1.

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NIELSEN-MARSH, C. M., and R. E. M. HEDGES. "BONE POROSITY AND THE USE OF MERCURY INTRUSION POROSIMETRY IN BONE DIAGENESIS STUDIES." Archaeometry 41, no. 1 (February 1999): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.1999.tb00858.x.

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Lopata, Vincent, Leyton Roe, and Donald Sidwell. "Porosity Measurements of Advanced Composites using Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry – A new quality tool." Materials Technology 14, no. 3 (January 1999): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10667857.1999.11752828.

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Yang, Jin, Jian Jiang, Ying Su, Xingyang He, Yingbin Wang, Shun Chen, Hongbo Tan, and Sang-Keun Oh. "Fluid Permeability of Ground Steel Slag-Blended Composites Evaluated by Pore Structure." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (February 10, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6254835.

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The resource utilization of steel slag has attracted wide attention. In the present work, the pore structure of cement paste with and without ground basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) up to 180 days was investigated by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Permeability was evaluated from the tested pore structure. Results indicate that the porosity, critical pore radius, pore-throat radius, and permeability are increased with the BOFS content and levels off after 28 days. Lower gel porosity and higher coarse capillary porosity were observed in BOFS-blended composites. The calculated permeability (around 0.30–7.49 × 10−19 m2) based on the pore structure agrees well with the range of reported experimental measurements. Well-correlated linear and power-law relationship was noticed between permeability and porosity and characteristic pore radius, respectively.

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Shi, Li Min, Hong Sheng Zhao, Ying Hui Yan, and Chun He Tang. "High Porosity SiC Ceramics with a Narrow Pore Size Distribution." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 840–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.840.

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Using the coat mix process, porous SiC ceramics are fabricated using commercially available silicon powders and phenolic resin as the starting materials. The phase composition, morphology, pore size and pore size distribution of the obtained products are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimeter. The results show that high porosity SiC ceramics with a narrow pore size distribution can be fabricated at 1500°C in vacuum by the coat mix process. The open pore porosity can reach up to 60%. The pore size varies in the range of 1-6 'm.

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Yuan, Ze Xun, Ling Tao Mao, Dan Zhao, and Zhen Yu Chi. "Soft Soil Microstructure Character Analysis with CT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.588.

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In this paper, CT technique is applied to observe soft soil of different depth , and microstructure characters are analyzed combined with scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and mercury intrusion method. CT images comprehensively reflect the soil microstructure, while every voxel of CT image can be observed with SEM. CT images grey value can reflect the porosity variance, and grey value variance express homogeneity of soil microstructure

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Yuan, Xiao Lu. "Microstructural and Microanalytical Study on Cementitious Materials Subjected to the Cyclic Sulfate Environment." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.371.

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Microstructural properties have been studied in cementitious materials, which were subjected to cyclic sulfate exposure, through x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Results indicate that portlandite in OPC concrete and OPC-FA concrete is mainly converted to gypsum. Portlandite in OPC-GBFS concrete is mainly converted to gypsum and ettringite. Concrete subjected to the cyclic sulfate attack has a lower porosity and the higher amount of macro-pores than that before exposure. Concretes incorporating FA or GBFS had lower porosity and higher amount of micro-pores than OPC concrete.

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Shi, Jin Jie, and Wei Sun. "Influence of Cover Porosity on Steel Corrosion in Cement-Based Materials." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3042.

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A detailed investigation has been carried out to clarify the effect of porosity on steel corrosion in cement-based materials. Corrosion behaviours of steel were studied by means of corrosion potential, linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), while the porosity of cover zone cement-based materials were investigated by evaporative water method (EWM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The results highlight that the corrosion parameters of steel are strongly related with porosity of cement-based materials. A linear relationship between porosity and corrosion rate of steel has been established which is in good agreement with the principle that the diffusion of chloride ions through porous cementitious materials may accelerate the anodic reaction of steel corrosion as well as oxygen diffusion for the cathodic reaction simultaneously.

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Wu, Hao, Youliang Ji, Ruie Liu, Chunlin Zhang, and Sheng Chen. "Pore structure and fractal characteristics of a tight gas sandstone: A case study of Sulige area in the Ordos Basin, China." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 36, no. 6 (March 22, 2018): 1438–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598718764750.

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To understand the pore structure and fractal characteristics of tight gas reservoirs, thin sections, nuclear magnetic resonance, rate-controlled mercury injection, microcomputed tomography scanning, and field emission scanning electron microscopy investigations under laboratory conditions were conducted on a suite of core samples from the Middle Permian Shihezi Formation of Sulige area in the Ordos Basin, China. The investigated tight gas sandstones comprise three types of pores, i.e. residual intergranular pore, secondary dissolution pore, and micropore. The pore–throat size distribution is extremely wide and multiscale (10 nm–400 μm) co-existing in tight gas reservoirs. The submicron- and micron-scale pore–throats with radius above 0.05 μm, which are characterized by combining rate-controlled mercury injection with nuclear magnetic resonance, are considered to be the effective pores and throats that dominated the reservoirs flow capacity. Tight gas sandstones have stage fractal characteristics, and the intrusion pressure of approximately 1 MPa is regarded as an inflection point. Fractal dimension is negatively correlated with permeability, average throat radius and mainstream throat radius, positively correlated with heterogeneous coefficient, while there are no obvious relationships with porosity and average pore radius. Additionally, the percolation characteristics of tight gas reservoirs can be characterized by fractal structure. When the pore structure does not follow the fractal structure (i.e. intrusion pressure is lower than 1 MPa), the mercury intrusion saturation is dominated by pores; in contrast, the mercury intrusion saturation is almost solely dominated by throats. This research sheds light on the pore–throat size distribution of tight gas reservoirs by identifying the role of multiple techniques and the relationships between the pore structure parameters and percolation characteristics of tight gas reservoirs and fractal dimension.

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Tang, Yong Jing, and Qiang Yin. "A Study of Microproperties of Historical Brick Material and Qualitative Correlation between Strength and Pore Distribution." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.210.

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Experimental materials in this paper are taken from songyue temple and fawang temple which are both in henan province, X ray fluorescence analysis method is adopted to analysis the chemical ingredients of the historical bricks come from two temples respectively; strength of the bricks come from two temples are compared also; then a model of porous bodies connected parallel is established to reflect the pore distribution of material, the qualitative relationship between strength of material and porosity/pore distribution is derived; mercury intrusion method is used at last to get the porosity and pore microproperties of the historical bricks come from two temples, results show that porosity and microproperties of pores are important factors that affect the characteristics of historical brick material.

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Wang, Wei Lun, and Peng Liu. "Effect of Curing Time on the Pore Structure of the Portland Cement Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2592.

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In this paper, the influence of curing time on the compressive strength and pore structure of the Portland cement concrete was investigated. The phase composition and morphology of hydration products of Portland cement were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the porosity and pore distribution of the concrete were also researched using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), surface area and porosity analyzer (BET). The results show that the influence of curing time on the compressive strength and pore structure of the concrete is obvious. With curing time increasing, the compressive strength of the concrete increased and the porosity decreased. The corresponding fractal dimension of the pore and the microstructure were changed, as well. With time increasing, more hydration products were produced.

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Zhang, Jialin, Hui Xiao, Yuzhu Chen, Jinqiu Qi, and Jiulong Xie. "POROSITY AND PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF RECENT AND ANCIENT BURIED PHOEBE ZHENNAN WOOD DETERMINED BY MERCURY INTRUSION POROSIMETRY." WOOD RESEARCH 66(2): 2021 66, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/66.2.277284.

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The porosity and pore size distribution of recent and ancient buried Phoebe zhennan are studied in this paper by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results show that the micropore and mesopore diameters of recent and buried wood are mainly distributed in range of 40.3 nm and 183.1 nm respectively, while the macropore in 45276.6 nm and 3503.9 nm separately. For both samples, the pores with diameters below 349.9 nm account for about 60% of the total intrusion volume, and contribute more than 98% of the surface area. The cumulative pore area of recent wood is slightly greater and the pore diameter ranges from 50.3 nm to 349.9 nm. While the cumulative pore area of buried wood is significantly larger than and the pore diameter ranges until 50.3 nm. These results can provide information for further investigations on the sorption behaviour and the liquid permeability of ancient buried wood.

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Zhu, Yang, Lu, Liu, Li, Zhang, and Cai. "Pore Structure of Coals by Mercury Intrusion, N2 Adsorption and NMR: A Comparative Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 23, 2019): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081680.

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Coalbed methane (CBM) mainly adsorb in massive pores of coal. The accurate characterization of pores benefits CBM resource evaluation, exploration and exploitation. In this paper, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and low temperature nitrogen adsorption (N2GA) combined with low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were conducted to analyze the advantages and differences among different experimental techniques in pore characterization. The results show that the total porosity has a tendency to decrease first and then rise with the increase of coal rank, which is mainly caused by the compaction in early stage and the thermogenic gas produced in middle and late stages of coalification. The comparison between different techniques shows that NMR is superior to the conventional methods in terms of porosity and pore size distribution, which should be favorable for pore characterization. The N2GA pore size measurement, based on BJH model, is only accurate within 10‒100 nm in diameter. There is a peak misalignment between the NMR and MIP results in the pore size comparison. The reason for this phenomenon is that there is a centrifugal error in NMR experiment, which could cause a differential damage to the coal sample, resulting in partial loss of the nuclear magnetic signal.

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Liu, Jun Yi, Zheng Song Qiu, Wei An Huang, and Yang Luo. "Experimental Study on Sensitivity Damage of Offshore High-Porosity and High-Permeability Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.111.

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Offshore high-porosity and high-permeability reservoirs, characterized by large pore throat, wide distribution of pore size and enriched sensitive minerals, are easily damaged due to improper use of drilling fluids and completion fluids during the development stage. A series of experimental studies were carried out on the sensitivity damage analysis including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, mercury injection porosimetry and core flow experiment. According to the laboratory evaluation results, the reservoir SZLF of high-porosity and high-permeability existed strong water sensitivity and mid to strong stress sensitivity. Furthermore, shielding and temporary plugging technique applied for reservoir protection was put forward, and laboratory tests showed that it had a better effect on solid intrusion prevention.

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Wang, Xiao Dong, Zhu Ding, Bi Qin Dong, and Ming Zhang. "Pore Structure Analysis on Hardened Paste of CaO-Al₂O₃-P₂O₅ Cement." Key Engineering Materials 591 (November 2013): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.591.44.

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CaO-Al2O3-P2O5cementitious material (PAC) is a type of new developed hydraulic cement, which has excellent cementitious performance and mechanical property. In cement based materials, the pore structure of hardened cement paste has a significant effect on their performance, such like strength, permeability and durability. In the current paper, pore structure parameters of hardened PAC paste samples in five different curing stages were measured respectively by MIP (Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry). The pore fractal features (pore volume, pore area, porosity) were investigated with fractal theory. Results showed that the porosity of hardened PAC paste does not exactly decline with elongation of curing age and increase of compression strength. The PAC pastes pore structures have typical fractal nature which changes with curing age and pore diameter distribution. The fractal feather of hardened PAC paste can be effectively understood by using porosity fractal dimension.

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Klement, Uta, Johanna Ekberg, and Ashish Ganvir. "EBSD Analysis and Assessment of Porosity in Thermal Barrier Coatings Produced by Axial Suspension Plasma Spraying (ASPS)." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 972–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.972.

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Axial suspension plasma spraying (ASPS) is a relatively new, innovative spraying technique which has produced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with attractive properties such as high durability and low thermal conductivity. Using a suspension, it is possible to spray with finer powder particles resulting in coatings that have a columnar microstructure and contain a wide range of pore sizes, both nm-and μm-sized pores. To optimize the thermal properties and to maintain them during service of the components, it will be important to design TBCs with optimal porosity. Hence, an important part in the assessment of ASPS coatings is therefore the characterization of the microstructure and how it is build up, and the determination of porosity. Both aspects are addressed by performing measurement on splats and ASPS-coating using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique and by measuring porosity by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP).

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Wang, Ting, Ying Chen, Wenxia Dong, Yong Liu, Luoyi Shi, Rudong Chen, and Tiandi Pan. "Fractal Characteristics of Porosity of Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (February 24, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2503154.

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In this paper, the method of measuring the porosity of electrostatic nanofiber membrane by VC++ and Matlab is introduced. It is found that the ratio of the calculated porosity to the porosity measured by the mercury intrusion method accords with the famous Feigenbaum constant (α=2.5029078750957⋯). The porosity distribution of nanofiber membranes was studied by VC++ and Matlab based on the image obtained by using a scanning electron microscope. The porosity distribution calculated by using a computer is magnified by eα times which was named as relative porosity distribution. According to the relative porosity distribution, we use the algorithm proposed by Grassberger and Procaccia (briefly referred to as the G-P algorithm) to calculate the correlation fractal dimension. The correlation fractal dimension calculated from the relative porosity distribution series was between 1 and 2, consistent with geometric characteristics of coincidence samples. The fractal meaning of the Feigenbaum constant was verified again. In the end, we obtained the relationship between the associated fractal dimension and the filtration resistance by fitting in accordance with the secondary function relationship and reached the maximum correlation fractal dimension when the filtration resistance was 15–20 pa.

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Kupsch, Andreas, Axel Lange, Manfred P. Hentschel, Yener Onel, Thomas Wolk, Andreas Staude, Karsten Ehrig, Bernd R. Müller, and Giovanni Bruno. "Evaluating Porosity in Cordierite Diesel Particulate Filter Materials: Advanced X-Ray Techniques and New Statistical Analysis Methods." Advances in Science and Technology 91 (October 2014): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.91.64.

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Bi-continuous porous ceramics for filtration applications possess a particularly complicated microstructure, whereby porosity and solid matter are intermingled. Mechanical, thermal, and filtration properties can only be precisely estimated if the morphology of both solid matter and porosity can be quantitatively determined. Using 3D computed tomography (CT) at different resolutions, and several X-ray refraction-based techniques, we quantitatively evaluated porosity and pore orientation in cordierite diesel particulate filter ceramics.Moreover, applying both Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and a newly developed image analysis algorithm (directional interface variance analysis, DIVA), we quantitatively evaluated porosity and pore orientation. Both the experimental techniques and the statistical approach allow extraction of spatially resolved or average values.Porosity values from synchrotron computed tomography used turn out to agree with mercury intrusion measurements, while pore orientation factors agree with published crystallographic texture data. This latter point also implies that the study of the pore/matter interface is sufficient to describe the morphological properties of these materials.

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Tracz, Tomasz, and Tomasz Zdeb. "Effect of Hydration and Carbonation Progress on the Porosity and Permeability of Cement Pastes." Materials 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010192.

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This paper presents the results of comprehensive cement paste porosity and gas permeability tests. The tests conducted concerned ordinary Portland cement (OPC) cement pastes with varying water-cement ratios ranging from 0.3 to 0.6. The tests were conducted after the curing of cement paste for 90 days and two years under laboratory conditions. Open porosity was determined using three methods: helium pycnometry, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and water saturation. Permeability was determined using a modified RILEM-Cembureau method. The results obtained demonstrated that permeability does not change significantly over time despite the observed material shifts in open porosity characteristics caused both by further progress in hydration and by the carbonation process that occurs. The results of the tests conducted also permitted the quantitative determination of the impact of the water-cement ratio, age, and the progress of carbonation on open porosity measured using different methods and also on the gas permeability of the pastes.

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Puziy, A. M., T. Matynia, B. Gawdzik, and O. P. Poddubnaya. "Synthetic Carbon Derived from Polyimide." Adsorption Science & Technology 16, no. 3 (April 1998): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749801600306.

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Synthetic carbon was obtained from the porous copolymer of 4, 4'-bis(maleimidodiphenyl)methane and styrene by carbonization in inert and methane atmospheres. The samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption and mercury intrusion using BET, αs, DR and Kelvin analysis. It was shown that carbonization in an inert atmosphere results in the formation of microporous and mesoporous carbon, while heat treatment in an atmosphere of methane decreases the porosity due to the deposition of pyrolytic carbon in small pores (R < 2–3 nm).

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Deleuzel, H., X. Schultze, and D. C. Sherrington. "Porosity analysis of some poly(styrene/divinylbenzene)beads by nitrogen sorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry." Polymer Bulletin 44, no. 2 (March 23, 2000): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050590.

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Plötze, Michael, and Peter Niemz. "Porosity and pore size distribution of different wood types as determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 69, no. 4 (November 27, 2010): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-010-0504-0.

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Kejík, Pavel, Vlastimil Bílek Jr., Pavel Bulejko, Jan Hajzler, Matěj Březina, Lucie Galvánková, and Lukáš Kalina. "Porous Systems Based on Alkali-Activated Fly Ash." Solid State Phenomena 276 (June 2018): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.276.179.

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This paper studies possibilities of alkali-activated fly ash (AAFA) for the preparation of systems with preserved certain porosity level. Such systems would be used for example as filtration barriers, which are commonly prepared by both energetically and economically expensive sintering process at high temperatures. Porosity preservation was facilitated by the use of only coarse fraction from fly ash particles together with the use of low water to fly ash ratio and pressure compaction. Two different doses of sodium hydroxide were used to alkali activate fly ash. Prepared specimens were moist cured at 95 °C for 24 hours. Porosity and binder phase among the fly ash grains were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and capillary flow porosimetry (CFP). The results showed that it is possible to prepare AAFA-based porous systems and modify their properties by changing the activator dose.

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Zhang, Sheng, Xi Ling Zhou, Ke Ren Zheng, You Jun Xie, and Qiang Fu. "Characterization of Pore Structure of Hardened Cement-Asphalt Paste by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1589.

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To know the pore structure of cement-asphalt pastes, mercury intrusion porosimetry was applied to measure the total porosity, pore distribution and accumulative volume distribution of pore size and the pore structures were analyzed. The results show that the total porosities decline with increase in ages and reduction in A/C ratio. The total porosities declines from 28% at 1d, to 15.8%~17.2% at 28d; the most probable pore size declines from 20nm at 1d to 5nm at 28d.At 28d, there is an increase in the magnitude of pore size between100nm and 5μm; the volume faction of smaller than 5μm is 40~50%; and the amount of pore size smaller than 5nm account for 6%.There are two peaks (5μm & 50μm) in the curves of pore distribution.

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Gao, Songpu, Qing Liu, Fengxia Han, and Yu Fu. "Mix Design of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Self-Compacting Concrete Based on Orthogonal Test and Analysis of Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 2, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4829673.

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The influence of four factors (water-binder ratio, recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate, fly ash substitution rate, and superplasticizer content) on the workabilities and mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregate self-compacting concrete (RCASCC) was studied using the orthogonal test method. Based on the orthogonal test design and range analysis method of the fresh and hardened properties of RCASCC, the optimal mix is as follows: water-binder ratio of 0.269, recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate of 30%, fly ash substitution rate of 40%, and superplasticizer content of 0.50%. Then, the porosity and aperture size distribution of nine groups of RCASCC were tested by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) at the microlevel. The macroscopic and microscopic relationship was established by combining the results of mechanical property tests and MIP. Fractal dimension D of the B.B. Mandelbrot model was used to study the fractal characteristics of pore volume of RCASCC. Results showed that porosity and strengths are negatively correlated, and the relative strength can be roughly judged according to the porosity. The pore structure of nine groups of RCASCC materials has evident fractal characteristics of irregular shape. The complex pore structure adversely affects strength.

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Rutledge, Gregory C., Joseph L. Lowery, and Chia-Ling Pai. "Characterization by Mercury Porosimetry of Nonwoven Fiber Media with Deformation." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 4, no. 3 (September 2009): 155892500900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892500900400301.

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The porosity and pore diameter distribution are important characteristics of nonwoven fiber media. With the advent of electrospinning, the production of mats of nonwoven fibrous materials with fiber diameters in the 0.1–10 μm range has become more prevalent. The large compliance of these mats makes them susceptible to mechanical deformation under the pressures attained in a typical mercury porosimetry experiment. We report a theoretical analysis of the liquid volume measured during liquid intrusion porosimetry in the presence of deformation of such mats by one of two modes: buckling of the pores or elastic compression of the mat. For electrospun mats of poly(ε-caprolactone) with average fiber diameters ranging from 2.49 to 18.0 μm, we find that buckling is the more relevant mode of deformation, and that it can alter significantly the determination of pore diameter distributions measured by mercury porosimetry.

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Pagano, E., A. S. A. Chinelatto, and A. L. Chinelatto. "Freeze casting process for the generation of graded porosity in Al2O3 ceramics." Cerâmica 66, no. 377 (March 2020): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132020663772690.

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Abstract Alumina ceramic materials with graded functional porosity were prepared by the freeze casting method and characterized. The effects of processing route parameters on the pore formation were studied. Pore characteristics were investigated concerning morphology and distribution in the ceramic matrix. The mercury intrusion method was used to evaluate the porosity. Mechanical properties, as well as the fracture mode, were investigated by the uniaxial compression test. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze and correlate the created interface between the layers with the mechanical response. The results suggested that the porosity obtained in all samples was similar, even with varying parameters (different suspension solidification configurations). When evaluating the mechanical behavior, these distinct parameters showed drastic differences in compressive strength and failure mode. This was due to the formation of interfaces between the layers of different porosities, according to the solidification configuration. The interfaces modified the fracture mode, changing from a longitudinal-directed to an interface-directed fracture. The pore microstructure and morphology indicated highly connected pore channels.

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Abd Ghani, Faezeah, Khaidir Hamzah, Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh, and Hasimah Mohamed. "Preparation and characterization of PTFE flat sheet membrane: Effect of sodium benzoate content." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v0n0.558.

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Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) flat sheet membranes were prepared through casting and sintering methods. The effect of sodium benzoate salt on the characteristics of PTFE flat sheet membranes such as morphology, surface roughness, porosity, mechanical strength and crystallinity were studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), mercury intrusion porosimetry, tensile test and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM analysis confirmed the formation of irregular porous microstructures in sponge-like configuration. All the fabricated membranes exhibited narrow pore size distributions and have relatively small average pore diameters between 0.074 and 1.068 µm despite having porosity between 36.41 and 74.32 %. In addition, the roughness of the PTFE flat sheet membranes increased as the sodium benzoate content increased. Increasing sodium benzoate content was positive for pore size, porosity and roughness but negative for surface roughness and mechanical properties. This research confirmed that the addition of sodium benzoate salt in aqueous PTFE solution is a useful approach for the fabrication of porous PTFE flat sheet membranes

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Ji, Xiaofeng, Dangyu Song, Haotian Zhao, Yunbo Li, and Kaikai He. "Experimental Analysis of Pore and Permeability Characteristics of Coal by Low-Field NMR." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081374.

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On the basis of the complexity of the pore structure characteristics of a coal reservoir, coal samples with different ranks were selected to study the difference in pore structures and permeability using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and permeability measurement. Porosity and pore size distribution (PSD) above 20 nm can be analyzed by the improved NMR equation, and the results were basically consistent with that of SEM and MIP. The NMR spectra of the coal samples from the same location were close, but the difference between the coal samples from different locations was quite large, which indicated that the heterogeneity of a coal reservoir was strong. An empirical equation of movable fluid porosity was proposed, which can be used to evaluate the fluid migration characteristics of the coal reservoir, and the porosity of movable fluid mainly came from the contribution of fissures and micro-fissures. The average movable fluid porosity of the coal samples from the Chengzhuang (CZ) coal mine, Wuyang (WY) coal mine, and Yujialiang (YJL) coal mine was 1.37%, 0.67%, and 4.26%, respectively. Although the permeability is related to the NMR porosity and movable fluid porosity, it was difficult to establish a widely used mathematical equation correlating permeability and porosity based on the experimental data.

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Gao, Zhiye, Qinhong Hu, and Hecheng Liang. "GAS DIFFUSIVITY IN POROUS MEDIA: DETERMINATION BY MERCURY INTRUSION POROSIMETRY AND CORRELATION TO POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY." Journal of Porous Media 16, no. 7 (2013): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jpormedia.v16.i7.30.

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Griffiths, Fred J., and Ramesh C. Joshi. "Change in pore size distribution owing to secondary consolidation of clays." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-003.

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The preliminary results of a study using mercury-intrusion porosimetry on freeze-dried samples of clayey soils are presented. The amount of secondary consolidation has been varied for several samples of three soil types by holding the consolidation stress steady at 120 kPa for different durations. Examination of the pore size distribution curves reveals that secondary consolidation cannot be due solely to the deformation of micropores. The relative degree of change in total, free and entrapped porosity appears to be related to the proportion of each initially in the sample. Key words: clays, consolidation, compressibility, fabric-structure of soils, secondary compression.

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Alderete, Natalia, Yury Andrés Villagrán Zaccardi, and Nele De Belie. "Insight into the secondary imbibition rate of concrete and its relationship with curing time." RILEM Technical Letters 5 (December 22, 2020): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2020.122.

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Long-term capillary imbibition in cementitious materials is relevant to describe their durable behaviour. Many structures are exposed to long-term contact with moisture, such as foundations or wastewater installations. After several weeks, when capillary rise is no longer progressing, a distinguished change in the slope (from the mass gain - fourth root of time relation) is noticed. Primary and secondary imbibition rates (PIR and SIR, respectively) can be obtained from such behaviour. Contrary to the widely investigated PIR, usually defined as the capillary absorption rate, the SIR has been scarcely examined. Data from literature of tests in concrete lasting more than 7 days is very limited. To form a better view of this process, we contrasted values of SIR and porosity (water accessible porosity under vacuum and intrudable porosity by mercury intrusion porosimetry). Moreover, we used statistical inference to evaluate the evolution of the SIR of mixes with different composition and curing age. This paper presents the effect of curing on the SIR and the relation between porosity changes and SIR. Despite the decrease in capillary porosity and intrudable porosity, SIR increases with curing time. This is probably due to a connection between SIR and the increasing C-S-H content with time.

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Cells, R., J. Cornejo, and M. C. Hermosin. "Surface fractal dimensions of synthetic clay-hydrous iron oxide associations from nitrogen adsorption isotherms and mercury porosimetry." Clay Minerals 31, no. 3 (September 1996): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1996.031.3.06.

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AbstractModel associations of layer silicates (kaolinite and montmorillonite) and iron oxyhydroxides were obtained by precipitating hydrous iron oxide in clay suspensions at different loading. The porosity of these clay-hydrous iron oxide associations was studied in the macro- and mesopore range by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and in the micropore region by nitrogen adsorption isotherms, being the fractal geometry applied to the approaches used in porosity studies. Results of nitrogen adsorption isotherms showed that surface area and microporosity of kaolinite and montmorillonite increased upon Fe precipitation, especially for montmorillonite. This process is accompanied by an increase in the surface fractal dimension Ds(N2) by the presence of hydrous iron oxide coating the clay particles. Results of MIP also showed a decrease in the pore volume by Fe precipitation on montmorillonite due to a decrease in the number of large pores and a development of new medium-size pores. An increase of the fractal dimension Ds(Hg) was also observed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mercury intrusion porosity'

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