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1
Mohanraj, D., R. Janarthanan, and S. Suresh. "Response of Rice Pests to Mercury Vapor Light and Black Light Traps." International Rice Research Newsletter 14, no. 4 (1989): 37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7146928.
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This article 'Response of Rice Pests to Mercury Vapor Light and Black Light Traps' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
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Hughes, William A. "City of Portland Conversion to Cut-off Fixtures." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 112 (1991): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110000381x.
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In 1980, the City of Portland began a conversion project to change out all existing mercury vapor street lights to high pressure sodium. During the planning and design portion of the project, the City hired a consulting firm to look at our existing system and make recommendations as to light source and fixture configuration. After some on site studies of existing street lighting, it was recommended that all arterial streets of the City of Portland be converted from mercury vapor to high pressure cut-off fixtures, in order to cut down glare in the eyes of drivers. Secondly, it was recommended that, on arterial streets, the City could no longer afford to light “key-hole to key-hole.” It was important to confine the light to the street right-of-way.
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Nicolau, Talita, Núbio Gomes Filho, Jorge Padrão, and Andrea Zille. "A Comprehensive Analysis of the UVC LEDs’ Applications and Decontamination Capability." Materials 15, no. 8 (2022): 2854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082854.
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The application of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been gaining popularity over the last decades. LEDs have advantages compared to traditional light sources in terms of lifecycle, robustness, compactness, flexibility, and the absence of non-hazardous material. Combining these advantages with the possibility of emitting Ultraviolet C (UVC) makes LEDs serious candidates for light sources in decontamination systems. Nevertheless, it is unclear if they present better decontamination effectiveness than traditional mercury vapor lamps. Hence, this research uses a systematic literature review (SLR) to enlighten three aspects: (1) UVC LEDs’ application according to the field, (2) UVC LEDs’ application in terms of different biological indicators, and (3) the decontamination effectiveness of UVC LEDs in comparison to conventional lamps. UVC LEDs have spread across multiple areas, ranging from health applications to wastewater or food decontamination. The UVC LEDs’ decontamination effectiveness is as good as mercury vapor lamps. In some cases, LEDs even provide better results than conventional mercury vapor lamps. However, the increase in the targets’ complexity (e.g., multilayers or thicker individual layers) may reduce the UVC decontamination efficacy. Therefore, UVC LEDs still require considerable optimization. These findings are stimulating for developing industrial or final users’ applications.
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Darvishi, Ebrahim, Mohammad Javad Assari, Maryam Farhadian, Ebrahim Chavoshi, and Hamid Reza Ehsani. "Occupational exposure to mercury vapor in a compact fluorescent lamp factory: Evaluation of personal, ambient air, and biological monitoring." Toxicology and Industrial Health 35, no. 4 (2019): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233719831531.
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Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) have become a popular lighting choice in recent years despite the good performance of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. The CFLs that have been produced recently contain 1.5–3.5 mg Hg/lamp. There is evidence that even low doses of mercury are toxic. This study aimed to assess occupational exposure to mercury vapor in workers of a CFLs factory by determining mercury levels in personal and ambient air samples and urine of workers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 59 workers in a CFLs factory in Iran. Personal and ambient air sampling of mercury vapor levels (MVLs) was performed during a workday. In total, 10 personal samples and 10 ambient air samples of mercury vapor were collected simultaneously from different units of the factory. Urine samples were collected before the work shift. Samples were analyzed using a cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer (CVAAS). The mean of the MVLs in the personal and ambient air samples was 14.78 ± 5.76 and 67.10 ± 59.37 µg.m−3, respectively. The highest MVL was measured for the production line supervisor (25 µg.m−3). There was a significant correlation between the MVLs in the ambient air and personal samples ( r = 0.84, p = 0.005). The mean urinary mercury level (UML) was 13.85 ± 13.14 µg/g creatinine. The UML of 86.4% workers was below the 20 µg/g creatinine recommended by the Centre of Environmental and Occupational Health in Iran. There were significant differences between the UMLs in different areas of the factory ( p = 0.041). Lamp breakage was an important determinant of exposure to mercury vapor; hence, effective programs to control mercury vapor are essential in the CFLs industry.
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van Grunsven, Roy H. A., Julia Becker, Stephanie Peter, Stefan Heller, and Franz Hölker. "Long-Term Comparison of Attraction of Flying Insects to Streetlights after the Transition from Traditional Light Sources to Light-Emitting Diodes in Urban and Peri-Urban Settings." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (2019): 6198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226198.
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Among the different light sources used for street lighting, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are likely to dominate the world market in the coming years. At the same time, the spectral composition of nocturnal illumination is changing. Europe and many other areas worldwide have implemented bans on energy-inefficient lamps, such as the still very common mercury vapor lamps. However, the impact of artificial light on insects is mostly tested with light-traps or flight-intercept traps that are used for short periods only. By comparing the numbers of insects attracted by street lamps before and after replacing mercury vapor light sources (MV) with light emitting diodes, we assessed the impact in more typical (urban and peri-urban) settings over several years. We found that LED attracted approximately half of the number of insects compared to MV lights. Furthermore, most insect groups are less drawn by LED than by MV, while Hymenoptera are less attracted by MV than by LED. Thus, the composition of the attracted communities differed between the light sources, which may impact ecosystem processes and functions. In green peri-urban settings more insects are attracted than in an urban setting, but the relative difference between the light sources is the same.
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Kolevzon, V., G. Gerbeth, and G. Pozdniakov. "Light-scattering study of the mercury liquid-vapor interface." Physical Review E 55, no. 3 (1997): 3134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.55.3134.
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Arroyo-Lamas, Nagore, Unai Ugalde, and Iciar Arteagoitia. "Decontamination of Ti Oxide Surfaces by Using Ultraviolet Light: Hg-Vapor vs. LED-Based Irradiation." Antibiotics 9, no. 11 (2020): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110724.
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C-range Ultraviolet (UVC) mercury (Hg)-vapor lamps have shown the successful decontamination of hydrocarbons and antimicrobial effects from titanium surfaces. This study focused on surface chemistry modifications of titanium dental implants by using two different light sources, Hg-vapor lamps and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), so as to compare the effectivity of both photofunctionalization technologies. Two different devices, a small Hg-vapor lamp (λ = 254 nm) and a pair of closely placed LEDs (λ = 278 nm), were used to irradiate the implants for 12 min. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to characterize the chemical composition of the surfaces, analysing the samples before and after the lighting treatment, performing a wide and narrow scan around the energy peaks of carbon, oxygen and titanium. XPS analysis showed a reduction in the concentration of surface hydrocarbons in both UVC technologies from around 26 to 23.4 C at.% (carbon atomic concentration). Besides, simultaneously, an increase in concentration of oxygen and titanium was observed. LED-based UVC photofunctionalization has been suggested to be as effective a method as Hg-vapor lamps to remove the hydrocarbons from the surface of titanium dental implants. Therefore, due to the increase in worldwide mercury limitations, LED-based technology could be a good alternative decontamination source.
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Santiago-Jiménez, Quiyari J. "Two new species of Myrmedonota Cameron (Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) from Mexico." ZooKeys 464 (December 16, 2014): 49–62. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.464.8549.
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Two new species of Myrmedonota are described from Mexico. Illustrations and a distribution map are provided, as are keys to identify Myrmedonota known from the Nearctic and Neotropics. Specimens were collected by means of mercury vapor light traps or flight interception traps.
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Nguyen, Thuong Thi Kim, Huyen Thu Luu, Loi Duc Vu, Thao Thi Ta, and Giang Thi Huong Le. "Determination of Total Mercury in Solid Samples by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (January 12, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8888879.
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The anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was investigated to determine total mercury in solid samples using a gold electrode. The mercury was deposited on the gold electrode in a preconcentration step. The oxidation peak of mercury was irreversible. The optimal conditions of the procedure were found to be as follows: 0.05 mol L−1 HCl solution, deposition potential −0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl/KCls, deposition time 40 s, and sweep rate 0.04 V s−1. Under the optimal conditions, the peak current showed a linear dependence on Hg2+ concentration in the range from 0.01 to 0.1 mg l−1. The detection limit and quantification limit were 4.28 µg L−1 and 12.98 µg L−1, respectively. The mean recovery and relative standard deviation were 91.2% and 2.4% (n = 9). The procedure was successfully applied for determining total mercury in samples collected from Hanoi light bulb warehouse—The Rang Dong Light Source and Vacuum Flask JSC. The results were compared with cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS).
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DANCĂ, Paul Alexandru, Florentina BUNEA, Marius LUNGULESCU, Alin Alexandru ENACHE, Andreea-Elena RĂDOI, and Nicoleta NICULA. "Water Sterilization using Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 72, no. 1 (2024): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.24.72.1.1108003.
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In order to provide adequate living conditions, it is crucial for each building to have access to essential utilities such as water, electricity, and sewage systems. In some regions, they may experience isolation, but they can still establish connections to distribution networks and fulfill basic living requirements. In such cases, local solutions like wells and septic tanks are implemented. The water sourced from these sources contains a multitude of viruses and bacteria that can have a detrimental effect on the health of anyone who consumes it. Numerous water filtration/sterilization options are available on the market, but they come with significant installation, maintenance, and operating expenses. The use of ultraviolet C (UVC) rays generated by mercury lamps for sterilization by irradiation is becoming increasingly popular due to its cost-effectiveness in terms of installation and maintenance. The main drawbacks of this technique are the high energy consumption and the potential danger of mercury exposure. This article describes the processes for designing, making, and testing two water filtration probes that use light-emitting diodes (LED) diodes to emit UVC rays. This solution lowers energy consumption eliminates the risk of mercury contamination, and leads to a decrease in maintenance costs, as the lifespan of diodes is longer than that of mercury vapor lamps. The two probes have LED diodes that emit at a wavelength of 275 nm, with a total radiant flux of 12 mW and 100 mW, respectively. Biological tests were carried out in the laboratory to assess the effects of these probes on an artificially contaminated water sample. The results obtained are satisfactory and comparable to those of sterilization devices with LED lamps.
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Hou, Xiaoling, Xi Ai, Xiaoming Jiang, Pengchi Deng, Chengbin Zheng, and Yi Lv. "UV light-emitting-diode photochemical mercury vapor generation for atomic fluorescence spectrometry." Analyst 137, no. 3 (2012): 686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1an15955k.
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Sampoli, M., F. Barocchi, A. Guasti, R. Winter, J. Rathenow, and F. Hensel. "Depolarized interaction-induced light scattering in mercury vapor: The low-density spectrum." Physical Review A 45, no. 9 (1992): 6910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.45.6910.
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Talu, Gonca F., Vasil Diyamandoglu, and Urs Jans. "Oxalate Ion Decomposition under UV Light from Low Pressure Mercury Vapor Lamps." Ozone: Science & Engineering 29, no. 6 (2007): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01919510701615672.
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Golbabaei, Farideh, Ali Ebrahimi, Hamid Shirkhanloo, Alireza Koohpaei, and Ali Faghihi-Zarandi. "Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs), as a Novel Sorbent for Determination of Mercury in Air." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 7 (2015): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n7p273.
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<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Based on the noticeable toxicity and numerous application of mercury in industries, removal of mercury vapor through sorbent is an important environmental challenge.</p><p><strong>PURPOSE OF THe STUDY: </strong>Due to their highly porous and hollow structure, large specific surface area, light mass density and strong interaction, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) sorbent were selected for this investigation.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>METHODS: </strong>In this study, instrumental conditions, method procedure and different effective parameters such as adsorption efficiency, desorption capacity, time, temperature and repeatability as well as retention time of adsorbed mercury were studied and optimized. Also, mercury vapor was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS).Obtained data were analyzed by Independent T- test, Multivariate linear regression and one way–ANOVA finally.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>For 80 mg nanotubes, working range of SWCNT were achieved 0.02-0.7 mg with linear range (R<sup>2</sup>=0.994).Our data revealed that maximum absorption capacity was 0.5 mg g<sup>-1</sup> as well as limit of detection (LOD) for studied sorbent was 0.006 mg. Also, optimum time and temperature were reported, 10 min and 250 °C respectively. Retention time of mercury on CNTs for three weeks was over 90%. Results of repeated trials indicated that the CNTs had long life, so that after 30 cycles of experiments, efficiency was determined without performance loss.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Results showed that carbon nanotubes have high potential for efficient extraction of mercury from air and can be used for occupational and environmental purposes. The study of adsorption properties of CNTs is recommended.</p>
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El-Kader, M. S. A. "The depolarized interaction-induced light scattering spectrum of mercury vapor at low density." Physics Letters A 257, no. 5-6 (1999): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(99)00271-6.
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VENTURA, DORA F., MARCELO T. V. COSTA, MARCELO F. COSTA, et al. "Multifocal and full-field electroretinogram changes associated with color-vision loss in mercury vapor exposure." Visual Neuroscience 21, no. 3 (2004): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523804213372.
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We evaluated the color vision of mercury-contaminated patients and investigated possible retinal origins of losses using electroretinography. Participants were retired workers from a fluorescent lamp industry diagnosed with mercury contamination (n= 43) and age-matched controls (n= 21). Color discrimination was assessed with the Cambridge Colour Test (CCT). Retinal function was evaluated by using the ISCEV protocol for full-field electroretinography (full-field ERG), as well as by means of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Color-vision losses assessed by the CCT consisted of higher color-discrimination thresholds along the protan, deutan, and tritan axes and significantly larger discrimination ellipses in mercury-exposed patients compared to controls. Full-field ERG amplitudes from patients were smaller than those of the controls for the scotopic responseb-wave, maximum response, sum of oscillatory potentials (OPs), 30-Hz flicker response, and light-adapted cone response. OP amplitudes measured in patients were smaller than those of controls for O2 and O3. Multifocal ERGs recorded from ten randomly selected patients showed smaller N1–P1 amplitudes and longer latencies throughout the 25-deg central field. Full-field ERGs showed that scotopic, photopic, peripheral, and midperipheral retinal functions were affected, and the mfERGs indicated that central retinal function was also significantly depressed. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of retinal involvement in visual losses caused by mercury toxicity.
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Lemański, Karol, Olha Bezkrovna, Nadiia Rebrova, Radosław Lisiecki, Patrycja Zdeb, and Przemysław Jacek Dereń. "UVC Stokes and Anti-Stokes Emission of Ca9Y(PO4)7 Polycrystals Doped with Pr3+ Ions." Molecules 29, no. 9 (2024): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092084.
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The recent COVID-19 pandemic has made everyone aware of the threat of viruses and the growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It has become necessary to find new methods to combat these hazards. One tool that could be used is UVC radiation, i.e., 100–280 nm. Currently, the available sources of this light are mercury vapor lamps. However, the modern world requires more compact, mercury-free, and less energy-consuming light sources. This work presents the results of our research on a new material in which efficient UVC radiation was obtained. Here, we present the results of research on Ca9Y(PO4)7 polycrystals doped with Pr3+ ions prepared using the solid-state method. The absorption, excitation, emission, and emission decay profiles of praseodymium(III) ions were measured and analyzed. The upconversion emission in the UVC region excited by blue light was observed. Parameters such as energy bandgap, refractive index, and thermal stability of luminescence were determined. The studied phosphate-based phosphor possesses promising characteristics that show its potential in luminescent applications in future use in medicine or for surface disinfection.
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Raputa, Vladimir F., Ruslana A. Amikishieva, and Tatyana V. Yaroslavtseva. "THE ANALISIS OF MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM «USOLYEKHIMPROM» INDUSTRIAL SITE." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4, no. 1 (2021): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-4-1-193-198.
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The numerical analysis of mercury pollution in the vicinity of the “Usoliekhimprom" industrial site and a territory of Usolye-Sibirskoye was held. The main centers of atmospheric influx of mercury vapor, which are located in the area of the sludge storage and the former mercury electrolysis workshop, were determined by the results of the soil survey. Asymptotic descriptions of the processes of transfer of light impurities from ground-based sources, taking into account the relative position of foci and observation points, were proposed. A reconstruction model of concentration fields over a long period of time for the dominant sources of plant was developed. The model was tested on biomonitoring data for 2019. Quite satisfactory agreement between the data of experimental studies of the content of mercury in poplar leaves with the results of numerical modeling was obtained. The ratios of contributions to pollution from different objects of the enterprise were calculated. Recommendations on the use of the reconstruction model to control rehabilitation measures at the Usoliekhimprom industrial site, which are currently being carried out, have been proposed.
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Pelletier, M. J. "Ultraviolet Raman Spectroscopy Using an Atomic Vapor Filter and Incoherent Excitation." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 3 (1992): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924125320.
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A far-UV line-rejection filter for Raman spectroscopy having an optical density greater than 5.5, a rejection bandwidth of only a few wavenumbers, and a transmission greater than 80% throughout the Stokes and anti-Stokes regions of the Raman spectrum is described. Raman spectra were collected with the use of this filter to remove elastically scattered light. Mercury penlamps were used for excitation. Good-quality spectra could be obtained with integration times as short as 1 second per wavenumber. The advantages of using an atomic line source rather than a laser-based source to excite far-UV Raman spectra are discussed.
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Zhuang, Xuning, Yu Wang, Wenyi Yuan, Jianfeng Bai, and Jingwei Wang. "Stocks and environmental release of mercury in backlight cold cathode fluorescence lamps." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 9 (2018): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18785727.
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Cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs), with mercury as their essential component, were widely used as backlight in liquid crystal display (LCD) appliances before 2008. Since 2008, the mercury-free light emitting diode started to be used as a substitute for CCFLs and the replacement finished in about 2014. Nowadays, CCFLs are obsolete products from the viewpoint of manufacture but they are important as waste. In recent years, large amounts of CCFLs are flowing to waste phase for treatment and this has become a major issue in most countries. To better understand and control the risk of CCFLs, the stock of mercury in CCFLs, its flow to waste phase and mercury emission with the life cycle of CCFLs in mainland China were estimated in this study. Results showed that there was 15.2 tons of mercury stocked in CCFLs in main LCD appliances (i.e., LCD televisions, LCD monitors, and laptop monitors) from 2003–2015. CCFLs and mercury started to flow to waste phase around the year 2007 and will likely peak in 2018 with an annual flow of 324.8 million units and 1.5 tons respectively, then will likely decline dramatically till 2030. Dismantling and production were the two main life stages of CCFLs with mercury vapor release, during which approximately 2.1 tons and 1.2 tons of mercury were released to the atmosphere respectively. The research also indicates that mercury recycling in specialized facilities was another life stage with high mercury emission risk in which the processes of shredding, separation, and residue disposal are inevitably accompanied by mercury release.
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Gierke, Anna-Maria, Petra Vatter, and Martin Hessling. "Fungal photoinactivation doses for UV radiation and visible light–a data collection." AIMS Microbiology 10, no. 3 (2024): 694–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2024032.
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<p>Nearly two million people die each year from fungal infections. Additionally, fungal crop infections jeopardize the global food supply. The use of 254 nm UVC radiation from mercury vapor lamps is a disinfection technique known to be effective against all microorganisms, and there are surveys of published UVC sensitivities. However, these mainly focus on bacteria and viruses. Therefore, a corresponding overview for fungi will be provided here, including far-UVC, UVB, UVA, and visible light, in addition to the conventional 254 nm UVC inactivation.</p><p>The available literature was searched for photoinactivation data for fungi in the above-mentioned spectral ranges. To standardize the presentation, the mean log-reduction doses were retrieved and sorted by fungal species, spectral range, wavelength, and medium, among others. Additionally, the median log-reduction dose was determined for fungi in transparent liquid media.</p><p>Approximately 400 evaluable individual data sets from publications over the last 100 years were compiled. Most studies were performed with 254 nm radiation from mercury vapor lamps on <italic>Aspergillus niger</italic>, <italic>Candida albicans</italic>, and <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic>. However, the data found were highly scattered, which could be due to the experimental conditions.</p><p>Even though the number of individual data sets seems large, many important fungi have not been extensively studied so far. For example, UV irradiation data does not yet exist for half of the fungal species classified as “high priority” or “medium priority” by the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, researchers should measure the transmission of their fungal suspensions at the irradiation wavelength to avoid the undesirable effects of either absorption or scattering on irradiation results.</p>
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Siswanti, Dwi Umi, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus, and Eko Agus Suyono. "Bioremediation of Mercury- Polluted Water in Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetland System by <i>Euglena</i> sp. and <i>Echinodorus palifolius</i> (Nees & Mart.) J.F. Macbr." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 8, no. 3 (2023): 88143. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.88143.
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Mercury accumulation in the aquatic environment can be highly harmful. The body takes mercury vapor through the lungs, then absorbs mercury metal through the digestive system, and then the blood carries the metal to the brain. Bioremediation is the process of breaking down or converting harmful compounds into non-toxic forms, which can be accomplished through phytoremediation or phycoremediation. The goal of this study was to examine the growth and anatomy of Euglena sp. after being cultured in the mercury-containing FWS-CW waste treatment system. The ability of Euglena sp. and Echinodorus palifolius to bioremediate mercury at different concentration as well as association and non-association treatments. This study was carried out in a bioreactor known as FSW-CW (Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetlands). Plant growth (plant height and number of leaves), chlorophyll content, diameter of root and petiole, metaxylem diameter of root, petiole, and leaves, cortical thickness of root and leaves, and petiole anatomy were all measured. Water temperature, pH, salinity, and light intensity were all measured as environmental parameters. Mercury treatment reduced Euglena density (183.5 cells. mL-1103 in control and 12.6 cells. mL-1103 in 100 ppm mercury treatment) and number of E. palifolius leaves, but not plant height and chlorophyll. Root and petiole diameters were affected by the mercury treatment, petiole diameter decreased unless the concentration was 100 ppm, whereas root diameter actually increased. The diameter of the root metaxylem increased, but the petioles and leaves, as well as the thickness of the root cortex, did not provide a significant response. The growth of E. palifolius was still optimal in the presence of Euglena in mercury-containing medium.
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Sun, Ted X., and G. E. Jabbour. "Combinatorial Screening and Optimization of Luminescent Materials and Organic Light-Emitting Devices." MRS Bulletin 27, no. 4 (2002): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.98.
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AbstractThe rapid development of modern photonic technologies—for example, mercury-free lamps, flat-panel displays, and solid-state lamps—demands the timely discovery of advanced phosphors. A combinatorial process has been developed to dramatically accelerate the experimental search for such phosphors. High-density phosphor “libraries” containing from 100 to over 1000 discrete chemical compositions on a 1 in. × 1 in. substrate have been made in thin-film or powder form using selective vapor deposition and liquid-dispensing techniques, respectively. In this article, the existing methods of combinatorial synthesis and screening of phosphors will be reviewed with examples. These methods may also be used to screen organic-based solid-state materials and optimize their device properties. In this regard, combinatorial and spreading techniques have been utilized to study and rapidly optimize organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs).
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Zhang, Jing, Bryan Melanson, Matthew Seitz, and Jacob Boisvere. "(Invited) III-Nitride Ultraviolet LEDs and Lasers for Applications in Biology and Medicine." ECS Transactions 113, no. 8 (2024): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11308.0003ecst.
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Solid-state ultraviolet (UV) light emitters are being developed for emerging biomedical applications such as surface sterilization, air/water purification, and medical treatments as a replacement for mercury vapor lamps. While these UV emitters offer many advantages over mercury lamps, such as more compact form factors, tunable emission wavelengths, and greatly increased lifetimes, they also suffer from a number of issues which hinder their implementation in many potential applications. UV emitters are based on AlGaN heterostructures which usually have very poor external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of less than 10%, with EQEs decreasing with emission wavelength. This makes it very challenging to realize high efficiency UV emitters whose high energy photons are capable of inactivating viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens. This work discusses recent developments made by the Zhang Research Group at the Rochester Institute of Technology in improving the efficiencies of UV LEDs and lasers.
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Ignatavičius, Gytautas, Murat H. Unsal, Peter E. Busher, et al. "Geochemistry of mercury in soils and water sediments." AIMS Environmental Science 9, no. 3 (2022): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2022019.
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<abstract> <p>Our paper reviews the current understanding of mercury in the environment of soil and sediment, including sampling, mobilization phases and analyzing methods. As a dangerous trace element, mercury has been shown to have several harmful effects on the environment. Mercury is released into the environment in a variety of chemical forms by both geogenic and human activities, with the majority of it coming from anthropogenic sources. It is affected by environmental conditions such as pH, redox potential, light and temperature-all of which determine its final chemical form-reactivity and toxicity. Methylmercury is considered one of the most poisonous forms found in nature. Considering the methodologies of the studies carried out we have found that the best technique for preserving methylmercury in soil and sediment samples is to freeze it immediately after collection. Organically rich soils are related to higher total mercury levels. Plants, such as Solanum nigrum (BR3) and Cynodon dactylon (BR2), can play an important role in mercury transport and accumulation. Solid-phase selenium causes faster demethylation and slower methylation of mercury. Methylmercury can increase by climate change and thawing; arctic permafrost is a potential source of Hg. Chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to develop a simple and quick method for measuring methylmercury; ultrasonic agitation and HNO<sub>3</sub> were used for the process, the last of which proved to be the most efficient for selective extraction of methylmercury.</p> </abstract>
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Veselinovic, Aleksandar, Aleksandar Bojic, Milovan Purenovic, et al. "Investigation of the parametar influences of UV/H2O2 process on humic acid degradation." Chemical Industry 64, no. 4 (2010): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind100315036v.
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Degradation of the humic acids (HA) in aqueous solution by UV radiation in the presence of H2O2 (UV/H2O2 process) was investigated. Low-pressure mercury vapor lamps with the emission maximum at 253.7 nm were used as a UV light source. Process efficiency was monitored by the UV/VIS spectrophotometric analysis of the HA residual concentration. Without H2O2 presence, UV radiation had negligible effect on the HA in aqueous solutions. The addition of H2O2 greatly improved the efficiency of the HA degradation by UV light and the optimum H2O2 concentration was 0.01 mol dm-3. The UV light intensity, pH value, presence and concentration of the carbonate and nitrate anions were investigated. With the increase of UV light intensity the process efficiency improved. The increase of pH had negative effect on the process efficiency. The presence of carbonate and bicarbonate ions inhibited the HA degradation. The presence of nitrate ions up to the concentration of 5 mmol dm-3 had no significant effect on the process efficiency.
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OSHIMA, YUSUKE, DAVID R. CHOW, CARL C. AWH, HIROKAZU SAKAGUCHI, and YASUO TANO. "Novel Mercury Vapor Illuminator Combined With a 27/29-Gauge Chandelier Light Fiber for Vitreous Surgery." Retina 28, no. 1 (2008): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iae.0b013e31814fb0d3.
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Turner, David, and Viv Bartlett. "Vapor Phase Electrochemistry 3: Preparation of Metastable Nitrous Acid." Journal of Scientific Exploration 39, no. 1 (2025): 41–62. https://doi.org/10.31275/20252945.
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A qualitative electrochemical model for ball lightning was developed during the 1990’s (Turner, 2002). The key requirement was electrochemical refrigeration at the surface of an air plasma. The cooling was shown to result from the conversion of metastable, fully ionized, gas-phase nitrous acid to its stable molecular form. If the refrigeration cools the plasma surface to below 15 0 C, aerosols of nitric acid can be produced in subsequent oxidation processes. These particles restrict the inflow of air toward the plasma and provide the ball with a very effective surface tension. This helps explain several unusual characteristics of lightning balls and also their close relatives, such as earth-lights and Unpredictable Flying Objects. The experiments to be described were undertaken because of their relevance to ball lightning stability, but they also have relevance in other fields of meteorology. They were attempts to reproduce several early observations by C.T.R Wilson that have been largely neglected ever since they were first reported. He irradiated moist, dust-free air with focused beams of ultraviolet light. Using the emission from zinc or cadmium arcs, mists were produced after about 30 minutes of exposure. All our nominally similar experiments failed to produce mists. However, UV radiation from a mercury vapor lamp produced them after a few minutes. The mists contained both nitrous and nitric acid. We also confirmed Wilson’s observations that these mists could be produced at relative humidities slightly below 90%. This is considered impossible according to all models of cloud formation.
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Phillip, Neal H., Erdal Gürten, and Vasil Diyamandoğlu. "Transformation of Bromine Species During Decomposition of Bromate under UV Light from Low Pressure Mercury Vapor Lamps." Ozone: Science & Engineering 28, no. 4 (2006): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01919510600705384.
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Azizian-Kalandaragh, Yashar, Sheida Fakhri-Mirzanagh, and Lida Badrinezhad. "Sonochemically Prepared SnO2 Nanostructures for Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Under Mercury-Vapor and Light Emitting Diode Lamps." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 14, no. 2 (2019): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2019.2467.
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Bortnikova, Svetlana B., Alexey V. Mytsik, Aleksey V. Edelev, and Albina A. Khvachevskaya. "Toxicity of vapor-gas flows from technogenic substance." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 335, no. 4 (2024): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/4/4298.
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The relevance. Vapor-gas flows from technogenic substances (storage wastes of the mining industry), carrying a high amount of potentially toxic elements, are a big problem for the environment and the population, because metals and metalloids in the composition of emanations are in an easily digestible bioavailable forms and are able to easily penetrate into living organisms. The main aim of this study is an assessment of toxicity for living organisms of air mixtures containing gaseous products emitted by a surfaces of mine tailings freely located near settlements and under the influence of climatic factors and microorganisms. Methods. Carrying out experiments with white rats male Wistar, analysis of organs for the content of a wide range of elements by ICP-MS on a NexION 300D mass spectrometer (PerkinElmer, USA) (PNL GGC IShPR TPU). In the experiment, a pooled sample of the waste substance was used. The sample was analyzed for the content of oxides of the silicate group by XRF using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer ARL-9900-XP (Thermo Electron Corporation, Switzerland) at the Laboratory of X-ray Spectral Analysis Methods of the IGM SB RAS; elemental analysis was carried out by ICP-MS using an ELAN-9000 DRC-e instrument Perkin Elmer, USA (HAC Plasma). Results. Under the influence of vapor-gas emanations from the substance of arsenide tailings of the Tuvacobalt plant on a group of rats male Wistar, pathological changes occurred in the experimental group. Small foci of hemorrhages formed in the lungs, the tissues became edematous and inflamed. The liver of all animals increased, the share structure became sharply expressed, the color became light beige. Single hemorrhages were found in the kidneys. The vessels of the meninges are dilated, petechial hemorrhages are observed. The synthetic function of cells and the stability of cellular and intracellular membranes were disrupted, first of all, the endothelium of blood vessels was affected, the physiological functioning of organs and tissues was disrupted with the accumulation of intermediate products of biochemical reactions, determined macroscopically. Also, dystrophy of internal organs was determined, in particular, the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain. Elemental analysis of animal organs showed the accumulation of toxic elements in comparison with the control group. The most characteristic elements, the excess of which was recorded in most cases, are mercury and arsenic. They were unevenly distributed throughout the organs. Mercury accumulated mainly in the lungs, kidneys and liver, while arsenic accumulated mainly in the liver and brain. This may indicate the entry of mercury and arsenic ions in a biologically available form into the bloodstream by inhalation, and local irritating and toxic effects on the lungs were not prevailing, and the liver was the most damaged organ according to the results of toxicochemical and morphological studies. The homeostasis of micro and macro elements is finely regulated, and any concentration imbalance in the form of a deficiency leads to a progressive decrease and disruption of normal biological function, to severe physiological and clinical outcomes, which we observed from the results of the experiment. The data obtained proved the acute toxic effect of vapor-gas flows on living organisms, and also confirmed the possibility of the removal of many chemical elements in easily accessible and assimilable forms.
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Maha, Mohamed Mamoune, Akito Matsuyama, Takahiko Arima, and Atsushi Sainoki. "Assessment of Total Mercury Levels Emitted from ASGM into Soil and Groundwater in Chami Town, Mauritania." Sustainability 16, no. 18 (2024): 7992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16187992.
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Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a serious growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Mauritania, recent gold discoveries in the north and northwest have led to an increase in ASGM centers, reflecting trends across the region and posing considerable risks of mercury (Hg) contamination. Notwithstanding this fact, the extent of mercury contamination in the region remains unclear due to insufficient knowledge on the mechanisms of Hg dispersion in hyper-arid regions. In light of this, the present study aimed to acquire fundamental knowledge to elucidate the dispersion mechanism of mercury through conducting soil and groundwater sampling in and around Chami town, Mauritania, where ASGM activities have intensified. We analyzed 180 soil samples and 5 groundwater samples for total mercury (total Hg) using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) methods. The total Hg levels in soil samples ranged from 0.002 to 9.3 ppm, with the highest concentrations found at ASGM sites. Groundwater samples exhibited low total Hg levels (0.25–1.25 ng/L). The total Hg content in soil and groundwater samples was below Japanese standards, yet soil samples from hotspot points exceeded other international standards. Our study emphasizes the Hg dispersion patterns around Chami town, suggesting a gradual decrease in total Hg with increasing distance from ASGM sites and a potential influence of wind dynamics. The knowledge accumulated in this study provides essential insights into the Hg dispersion mechanisms in Chami town, laying the foundation for establishing a predictive model of Hg contamination in hyper-arid regions.
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Westpfahl, David. "The Relighting of Kalispell, Montana." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 112 (1991): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110000378x.
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ABSTRACTKalispell, Montana, a city of about 20,000 near the Canadian border, has completed major relighting. Aging mercury vapor lamps along U.S. routes #2 and #93 nave been replaced with low pressure sodium (LPS) fixtures. The downtown also has LPS plus turn-of-the-century style cast iron lampposts with low wattage fluorescent lamps, which provide white light on storefronts and curbside parking. The Chamber of Commerce helped with the purchase of these fixtures, which are lit from dusk to midnight and, in the winter, from 6:00 A.M. until sunrise. Most other areas of Kalispell are lit with high pressure sodium in full cut-off fixtures. City and county officials have calculated that the payback time for the LPS relighting was 40 months.
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Khai, Doan Minh, and Phan Duc Nhan. "EFFECT OF SOME EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS ON PREPARATION OF LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 4 (2016): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-708x/54/4/7420.
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The article presents results of effect of factors comprising the types of irradiation, the concentration of NR solution and the content of hydroperoxide in mixture on photochemical depolymerization of natural rubber. The results showed that the ultraviolet irradiation from the vapor mercury lamps (HSW-250W and HSW-125W) caused the faster rate of depolymerization than the light from HF-500W; increasing concentration of NR in toluene leaded to decrease the rate of depolymerization; and as the content of hydroperoxide increased the rate of depolymerization was faster. Additionally, the IR spectra, 13C-NMR of products were determined and showed that the cis-1,4-isoprene structure has not been changed and there was the presence of hydroxyl-terminated groups and a few epoxy groups in chains.
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Chourey, Meena. "Photolytic Irradiation of Pharmaceutical Compound 2 (-4 thaizolyl) benzimidazole." International Journal of ChemTech Research 13, no. 3 (2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.130305.
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Photolytic irradiation of 2(-4 thiazolyl) benzimidazole in acidic and neutral medium using benzophenone (methyl orange) as sensitizer .Photochemical reactions depend on the source of the reaction. for example Sunlight, UV light and visible light. 2-(-4 thiazoly) benzimidazole(2gm powder) was dissolved in dried and distilled ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) 200 ml and add 0.01gm sensitizer. The solution mixture was irradiated in presence of 125w and 250 w mercury vapor lamp for around 40 to50 hrs. The progress of the reaction mixture was observed at regular intervals from Thin layer chromatography method every10 hrs. After 41 and 55 hrs two new spots appeared on the plate of TLC. At the end of the reaction two products were found. This products show many pharmaceutical properties like primarily in treatment to control the stomach warm mold and fungal diseases infection, also widely used in (thiabendezole medicine), anti parasitic medicine for treatment of roundworm, hookworm and helminthes
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Hessling, Martin, Julian Schmid, Katharina Hoenes, and Petra Vatter. "New Legionella Control Options by UV and Violet LEDs for Hospitals and Care Facilities." Hospital Practices and Research 3, no. 3 (2018): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/hpr.2018.17.
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Legionella infections caused by contaminated water are a widespread problem worldwide. Discharge lamps like mercury vapor lamps are widely known for the disinfection properties of their radiation, but they suffer technical disadvantages, like high voltages and toxic content, and are, therefore, not suitable for some infection control applications. New highintensity ultraviolet (UV) and violet LEDs offer new approaches for Legionella control, because these bacteria are significantly light sensitive compared to other pathogens. One of the most important infection pathways is the inhalation of Legionellacontaining aerosols during showering. This problem could be reduced by a single strong UV LED within the shower head, which irradiates the passing water for some milliseconds. This practice can be especially beneficial in hospitals and care facilities. UV light offers only a limited penetration depth, however, even in pure water. To disinfect larger water volumes, e.g., in water dispensers, visible violet LEDs are more appropriate. Unfortunately, up to now, neither approach has been given much attention by potential users.
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Fenske, Neil A., Hobart K. Richey, and Philip D. Shenefelt. "A safe and effective modification of the hot-quartz mercury-vapor light source for routine office-based phototesting." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 22, no. 2 (1990): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(08)80771-2.
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M, Adekanmbi, Abumere E.O, and Amusan J.A. "GENERATION OF LIGHT THROUGH PLASMA USING RADIO FREQUENCY SOURCE IN DISUSED FLUORESCENT TUBE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 2 (2018): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i2.2018.1554.
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Light has been generated through Plasma using radio frequency source in 4Ft 40W disused fluorescent tube. As against the thermionic and incandescence source of running a fluorescent tube which is actually difficult to get started due to the resistance of the gases enclosed inside, a Radio Frequency signal of 30MHz generated using a designed Hartley Oscillator is employed. The power of the signal generated is amplified from 231mW to 197.8W using a modeled inverter. The coupled Hartley oscillator and the inverter form an ionizing circuit. The gases inside fluorescent tube consist of mercury Vapor, argon, krypton or Neon. When sufficient energy is supplied to these gases, by the ionizing circuit, ionization and excitation takes place which makes otherwise neutral gases, to change state to a cloud of ionized gas called Plasma. When excited electrons in the gases return to the ground state they lose energy in packets called Photon. This Photon is ultraviolet light which is not visible to the human eye but when it strikes the walls of the tube coated with Phosphor it glows whereby light is generated. The high electric field Radio frequency circuit designed has generated light in a fluorescent tube without the use of starter and ballast. It has also generated light in otherwise “dead” or disused fluorescent bulbs.
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Al-Deghairi, Mohammad. "Seasonal Fluctuation of the Date Palm Fruit Stalk Borer, Oryctes elegans Prell (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Date Palm Plantations in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 12 (January 1, 2007): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol12iss0pp67-70.
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The date palm fruit stalk borer, Oryctes elegans, is widely distributed in Saudi Arabia. Undetected and untreated infestations by this pest result in severe losses. Light trap studies to investigate seasonal population fluctuations of O. elegans were conducted in Al-Rajhi Endowment date palm plantation in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia, by installing three modified Robinson mercury-vapor light traps in 3 different equidistant sites. The investigation revealed that light trapping is an effective tool for the monitoring and forecasting of O. elegans infestations. The highest activity of O. elegans was witnessed from April to July, during which period 65% of adults captures were made. Peak monthly activity was observed during June, when 19.4 % and 22.2% of the catches were made during 2003 and 2004, respectively. No beetle activity was observed during January and February. The highest number of beetles (56.6% of the population) was recovered in the site with relatively old and tall palms (more than 18 years old and averaging 7.5m in height). The site with shorter and younger palms received 29.6% of the beetles, whereas the uncultivated site had the lowest number of beetles (13.8% of total).
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Sun, De Dong, Huan Zheng, and Wen Ping Xue. "Oxidation of Phenol by Persulfate Activated with UV-Light and Ag+." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1806–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1806.
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Phenol degradation with a UV/Ag+/K2S2O8 advanced oxidation process (AOP) was studied in a batch photolytic reactor. The UV irradiation source was a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that was axially centered and was immersed in the phenol solution. In the UV/ K2S2O8 and Ag+/K2S2O8 system, the degradation of phenol was inefficient with an low concentration K2S2O8 at ambient temperature, and only around 26% and 23%of the phenol was degraded in 3 h , respectively. In the UV/Ag+/K2S2O8 oxidation process, persulfate (S2O82-) was activated by UV irradiation and Ag+ catalysis to produce powerful oxidants, SO4– •.The effects of K2S2O8 concentration, UV irradiation time and Ag+ concentration on the oxidation had been investigated. The experimental results indicated that optimum K2S2O8 concentration was 0.37mmol/L, and Ag+ concentration was 0.185 mmol/L. Phenol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was analyzed to determine the efficiency of the UV/Ag+/K2S2O8 process in mineralization, where we obtained 77% phenol reduction, and 65% COD reduction, respectively . The efficient mineralization of phenol is based on the in situ formation of the strong oxidant sulfate anion radical.
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A.Yoqubov and A.Samijonov. "Phenology and monitoring of lepidopteran pests in cotton agroecosystems of Beshariq district, Fergana Valley." Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 5 (2025): 751–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15452776.
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The cotton (<em>Gossypium spp.</em>) agroecosystems in Besharik district of the Fergana Valley are vulnerable to infestation by several Lepidoptera species, including <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em>, <em>Spodoptera litura</em>, and <em>Agrotis segetum</em>. This study, carried out during the 2023–2024 growing season, aimed to assess the diversity, population dynamics, and seasonal activity of major lepidopteran pests under regional agro-climatic conditions. Field surveys, pheromone traps, and mercury vapor light traps were used to monitor pest populations, supported by soil sampling and meteorological data analysis. Results demonstrated distinct temporal population peaks for each species, with <em>H. armigera</em> showing the highest activity during flowering and boll development stages, <em>S. litura</em> in late summer, and <em>A. segetum</em> during early seedling stages. Pest abundance was strongly influenced by environmental variables, particularly temperature and humidity. The integration of pheromone and light trap data provided robust insights into species phenology and highlighted the importance of implementing region-specific, ecologically-based integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to sustain cotton production in the Fergana region.
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Adekanmbi, .M, Abumere.E.O, and J.A Amusan. "GENERATION OF LIGHT THROUGH PLASMA USING RADIO FREQUENCY SOURCE IN DISUSED FLUORESCENT TUBE." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 6, no. 2 (2018): 130–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1186612.
Full textAbstract:
Light has been generated through Plasma using radio frequency source in 4Ft 40W disused fluorescent tube. As against the thermionic and incandescence source of running a fluorescent tube which is actually difficult to get started due to the resistance of the gases enclosed inside, a Radio Frequency signal of 30MHz generated using a designed Hartley Oscillator is employed. The power of the signal generated is amplified from 231mW to 197.8W using a modeled inverter. The coupled Hartley oscillator and the inverter form an ionizing circuit. The gases inside fluorescent tube consist of mercury Vapor, argon, krypton or Neon. When sufficient energy is supplied to these gases, by the ionizing circuit, ionization and excitation takes place which makes otherwise neutral gases, to change state to a cloud of ionized gas called Plasma. When excited electrons in the gases return to the ground state they lose energy in packets called Photon. This Photon is ultraviolet light which is not visible to the human eye but when it strikes the walls of the tube coated with Phosphor it glows whereby light is generated. The high electric field Radio frequency circuit designed has generated light in a fluorescent tube without the use of starter and ballast. It has also generated light in otherwise “dead” or disused fluorescent bulbs.
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Yu, Hai, Miao Zhang, Yanfen Wang, et al. "A Facile and Controllable Vapor-Phase Hydrothermal Approach to Anionic S2−-doped TiO2 Nanorod Arrays with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical and Photocatalytic Activity." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (2020): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091776.
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Anionic S2−-doped TiO2 nanorod arrays (S2−-TiO2) were synthesized by a facile and controllable vapor-phase hydrothermal (VPH) approach based on the sulfur source of H2S gas. After the VPH treatment of TiO2 nanorod arrays (TNA), the isolated O2− species replaces the S2− ion in TiO2 (TiO2−xSx). The structural, morphological, optical, compositional, photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the obtained samples were investigated in detail. It was found that S2−-TiO2 can enhance the separation rate of electron–hole pairs, improve the absorption of visible light, and augment the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties. Anionic S2− doping can significantly adjust the absorption cut-off wavelength (409.5–542.5 nm) and shorten the bandgap (3.05-2.29 eV) of TNA. For the degradation of methylene orange (MO) under mercury lamp light, the 0.24 At%S2−-TiO2 (0.24S2−-TiO2) sample exhibited the best photogradation efficiency of 73% in 180 min compared to bare TiO2 (46%). The 0.24S2−-TiO2 showed the highest photocurrent of 10.6 μA/cm2, which was 1.73 times higher than that of bare TiO2 (6.1μA/cm2). The results confirmed that the visible light absorption, photocurrent and photocatalytic activity optimization of TNA are closely related not only to anionic S2−-doped but also different ratios of anionic S2−-doped. It is noteworthy that the VPH approach is very promising for applications in low cost and highly efficient ion doping into nanomaterials for energy devices.
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Matsumoto, Takahiro, Ichiro Tatsuno, and Tadao Hasegawa. "Instantaneous Water Purification by Deep Ultraviolet Light in Water Waveguide: Escherichia Coli Bacteria Disinfection." Water 11, no. 5 (2019): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050968.
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The necessity of small water purification equipment has been increasing in recent years as a result of frequent natural disasters. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatment is an effective method for the disinfection of bacterial contaminants in water. As an emerging technology, disinfection by deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) is promising. Few studies have used the point-source characteristics of LEDs and have instead replaced mercury vapor lamps with LEDs. Here, we demonstrate the instantaneous purification of contaminated water by combining the point source characteristics of DUV-LEDs with a water waveguide (WW). The principle is based on the WW region acting as an effective DUV disinfector, whereby a high UV dose in a confined WW region can be applied to bacterial contaminants in a short period of time (around one second). We demonstrate the effect of this DUV-LED WW disinfection technique by showing the results of 3-log disinfection levels of water contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria after a short treatment time. We believe that the combination of the point-source nature of DUV-LED emission, the water-waveguide effect, and a small photovoltaic cell paves the way toward environmentally friendly and emergency preparedness portable water purification equipment that instantaneously supplies clean water just before drinking.
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Shin, Gwy-Am, Karl G. Linden, Michael J. Arrowood, and Mark D. Sobsey. "Low-Pressure UV Inactivation and DNA Repair Potential of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 7 (2001): 3029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.7.3029-3032.2001.
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ABSTRACT Because Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are very resistant to conventional water treatment processes, including chemical disinfection, we determined the kinetics and extent of their inactivation by monochromatic, low-pressure (LP), mercury vapor lamp UV radiation and their subsequent potential for DNA repair of UV damage. A UV collimated-beam apparatus was used to expose suspensions of purifiedC. parvum oocysts in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.3, at 25�C to various doses of monochromatic LP UV. C. parvuminfectivity reductions were rapid, approximately first order, and at a dose of 3 mJ/cm2 (=30 J/m2), the reduction reached the cell culture assay detection limit of ∼3 log10. At UV doses of 1.2 and 3 mJ/cm2, the log10 reductions of C. parvum oocyst infectivity were not significantly different for control oocysts and those exposed to dark or light repair conditions for UV-induced DNA damage. These results indicate that C. parvum oocysts are very sensitive to inactivation by low doses of monochromatic LP UV radiation and that there is no phenotypic evidence of either light or dark repair of UV-induced DNA damage.
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Vepech, Joari, Alexandre Borges Fagundes, Fernanda Hänsch Beuren, and Caroline Rodrigues Vaz. "Factors influencing the return of post-consumer fluorescent lamps through reverse logistics in São Bento do Sul/SC (Brazil)." REVISTA DELOS 18, no. 67 (2025): e4956. https://doi.org/10.55905/rdelosv18.n67-013.
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This article addresses the sectoral agreement on sodium and mercury vapor fluorescent lamps and mixed light, within the management of Reverse Logistics Systems, an instrument of the National Solid Waste Policy. The general objective of this study was to identify the main factors that influence the quantities of returns of unusable products from the aforementioned system through Reverse Logistics in the city of São Bento do Sul/SC. For this purpose, data collection was carried out with domestic consumers, store owners and the manager of the city's waste collection system. Afterwards, the opinions expressed by the respondents were analyzed, pointing out possible factors and trends regarding the research object. Thus, this research contributed, in addition to the identification of influencing variables, to possible trends in consumer consumption and disposal behavior, thus enabling the acquisition of a conceptual basis and suggestions for the continuation of this research within the theme of reverse logistics.
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Miranda-Andrades, Jarol R., Sarzamin Khan, Carlos A. T. Toloza, Eric C. Romani, Fernando L. Freire Júnior, and Ricardo Q. Aucelio. "Thiomersal photo-degradation with visible light mediated by graphene quantum dots: Indirect quantification using optical multipath mercury cold-vapor absorption spectrophotometry." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 138 (December 2017): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2017.10.011.
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Zhang, Jing, Bryan Melanson, Matthew Seitz, and Jacob Boisvere. "(Invited) III-Nitride Ultraviolet LEDs and Lasers for Applications in Biology and Medicine." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 33 (2024): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01331660mtgabs.
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Ultraviolet (UV) light emitters with large-energy photons are being developed for emerging biology and medicine applications such as sterilization, water/air purification, and medical treatments, as a replacement for mercury vapor lamps. Solid-state UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers based on wide bandgap III-Nitrides offer compact sizes, wavelength tuning, long lifetimes, and sustainability over mercury vapor lamps. While visible LEDs and lasers with longer emission wavelengths find widespread commercial uses for solid-state lighting and display, UV emitters with AlGaN heterostructures struggle with poor external quantum efficiencies of typically less than 10%, which drop further when wavelengths get shorter. Therefore, it is extremely challenging to realize high-efficiency UV emitters despite the demand for compact UV light source, especially for disinfection and sterilization from the pandemic as those high-energy photons can break DNA/RNA bonds and deactivate virus/bacteria. Here, I will discuss our recent developments toward realization of high-efficiency UV LEDs and lasers. To enhance the radiative recombination rate (R sp) from the AlGaN quantum well (QW) active region, we had pursued novel QW design to overcome issues from the existence of valence subbands crossover. Specifically, the arrangement of the three energy-degenerate valence subbands - heavy hole (HH), light hole (LH), and the crystal-field split-off hole (CH) bands for high Al-content and low Al-content AlGaN QWs are completely different. The ordering of the valence bands strongly affects the optical matrix element via the oscillator strength, as well as the direction of the photon emission. Our work has proposed promising solution on the use of delta-QW design to address the valence subbands crossover issue, in order to significantly boost up the R sp. In addition, to enhance the extraction efficiency of UV emitters, we demonstrated the realization and characterization of top-down fabricated, electrically driven UV micropillar array LEDs emitting at 286 nm with a narrow, 9 nm linewidth and output power densities up to 35 mW/cm2. Top-down fabrication allows for formation of perfectly uniform arrays of micropillars with easily tunable diameter and pitch, which cannot be achieved with epitaxially grown nanowires without the use of selective area epitaxy. Dry etch damage induced surface losses were avoided through the use of a two-step etch process combining a Cl dry etch and a hydroxyl-based wet etch to form the micropillar arrays. We also revealed that the unique inverse-taper profile of our micropillars could produce significant enhancements in the extraction efficiency with the increased taper angle. Lastly, our developed III-Nitride wet etch by the use of hydroxyl-based chemicals such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) investigated the effects of temperature, concentration, and the damage recovery aspects of hydroxyl etching of III-Nitride nano and micro structures, leading to important smooth surface profiles for micropillar/nanowire LEDs and optimized mirror facets for ridge-emitting UV lasers.
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Pedroti, Leonardo Gonçalves, Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira, Sergio Neves Monteiro, Veronica Scarpini Candido, Gustavo de Castro Xavier, and Jonas Alexandre. "Evaluation of Concretes Incorporated with Fluorescent Lamp Glass Waste." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.566.
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The increase amount of industrial wastes is becoming a serious worldwide environmental problem, which is aggravated by wastes containing toxic substances. This is the case of fluorescent lamps that use mercury vapor for light emission. At the end of their operational life these lamps should not be directly disposed to avoid the Hg toxic effects. Decontamination procedures take the Hg away but leave the other parts of the lamp as solid wastes. The mains part is the lamp glass, which finds many ways to be recycled. In the present work a fluorescent lamp glass waste was investigated as a possible material to be incorporated into a cement matrix as part of a civil construction concrete. Different amounts of waste up to 20 wt% were mixed with sand, gravel and cement to prepare concrete samples that were tested for the mechanical strength and water absorption in intervals of time until complete cure at 28 days. Although the waste failed to show pozzolanic activity, the incorporated concretes attended the required technical specifications.
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Rusakov, Nikolay V., Natalia V. Kalinina, Elena B. Gaponova, Mikhail Ye Goshin, and Ilya M. Banin. "Hygienic assessment of the complex of physical and chemical factors affecting a person in rooms of the different purpose in in-patients medical institutions." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 6 (2021): 546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-6-546-554.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The paper presents the hygienic assessment of the complex physical and chemical factors affecting patients and staff in the different premises of institutional medical organizations. Material and methods. The comprehensive hygienic assessment of the internal environment of medical institutions was based on three in-patient medical institutions (IMI). The research objects were medical wards, operating rooms, treatment rooms, dressing rooms, physiotherapy rooms, laboratory and diagnostic rooms, utility rooms. The study included measurements of the following parameters: microclimate, noise, electromagnetic fields level in different frequency ranges, ion regime, assessment of natural light, artificial light, insolation, gamma radiation level, measurements of concentrations of carbon dioxide, oxygen, ozone, radon, mercury vapor, and volatile organic compounds. Results. It is shown that in the hospital environment, a person is affected by complex physical factors. Microclimatic parameters are one of the most significant factors in the hospital environment that require constant monitoring. The control of the given factor is exceptionally substantial in IMI buildings that are not equipped with in-patients an air conditioning system. The highest noise levels were found in physiotherapy rooms and diagnostic rooms. The primary source of noise in medical rooms is working equipment, inwards - conversational speech. Both patients and medical workers were established to receive the main electromagnetic load in diagnostic rooms, laboratory rooms, and physiotherapy rooms. The assessment of the light environment showed that each of the examined rooms was provided with a sufficient level of natural light, and the duration of insolation in the treatment rooms corresponded to hygienic requirements. The highest levels of artificial light were in rooms with led lights. In the air of the examined rooms, light ions of both polarities were either absent, or their content was below the minimum required concentration. Higher concentrations of organic acids and chlorine-containing compounds were found in the surveyed premises of IMO compared to the air in other public buildings. The highest concentration of chemical compounds in the air was observed in wards and diagnostic rooms. Conclusion. The need for regular monitoring of physical and chemical factors affecting patients and staff in IMI is justified. A list of physical factors for carrying out risk-oriented control in hospital premises, taking into account their functional purpose, is required.