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Curiger, Bice. Meret Oppenheim: Defiance in the face of freedom. Zurich: Parkett Publishers, 1989.
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1913-, Oppenheim Meret, ed. Meret Oppenheim: Defiance in the face of freedom. Zurich: Parkett Publishers, 1989.
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Curiger, Bice. Meret Oppenheim: Defiance in the face of freedom. Zurich: Parkett, 1989.
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Curiger, Bice. Meret Oppenheim: Defiance in the face of freedom. Zurich: Parkett publishers, 1989.
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Sousa, João Castro e. As pessoas colectivas em face do direito criminal e do chamado "direito de mera ordenação social". [Coimbra]: Coimbra Editora, 1985.
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Der Midrasch zur Eschatologie aus der Qumrangemeinde (4QMidrEschata̳.̳b̳): Materielle Rekonstruktion, Textbestand, Gattung und traditionsgeschichtliche Einordnung des durch 4Q174 ("Florilegium") und 4Q177 ("Catena A") repräsentierten Werkes aus den Qumranfunden. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994.
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Francesca, Mazza. Ch.9 Assignment of rights, transfer of obligations, assignment of contracts, s.1: Assignment of rights, Art.9.1.7. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0176.
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This commentary analyses Article 9.1.7 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning a right assigned by mere agreement between the assignor and the assignee. Art 9.1.7 stipulates that a right is assigned by mere agreement between the assignor and the assignee, without notice to the obligor. The consent of the obligor is not required unless the obligation in the circumstances is of an essentially personal character. The fact that an agreement in writing is not required is implied by the reference to a ‘mere’ agreement. However, some formal requirements may apply due to mandatory rules of the applicable domestic law which apply under Art 1.4. Some legal systems distinguish between the effectiveness of the assignment of a right as between the assignor and the assignee (inter partes) and as towards third parties, such as the obligor or creditors (erga omnes). This commentary also considers the burden of proof relating to the essentially personal character of the obligation.
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Richardson, Henry. Ratification of New Moral Norms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190247744.003.0008.
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Arguing that it is a mistake to understand the moral community’s ratification of new moral norms along the lines of a political community’s adoption of legal norms, this chapter characterizes the ratification stage as involving a broad, inclusive awareness among living persons of the fact of global convergence on what is by hypothesis a new candidate moral norm and of each other’s reflective acceptance of this norm; and a broad and inclusive acceptance of the process whereby a new norm reasonably arose at all three stages (input, convergence, and ratification) and in how they interconnect. Limiting the participants needed for ratification to those presently alive is appropriate in light of the facts that living people anyway do more to influence future generations by establishing mere conventions than by creating new moral norms, and that future generations would have the power to rescind any new moral norm.
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Backman, Jussi. Aristotle. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423632.003.0002.
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Homo Sacer, Giorgio Agamben’s transformative twenty-year project in political ontology, is framed at its very outset in terms of Aristotelian philosophy – read, as we will see, from a strongly medieval, Heideggerian and Arendtian perspective. As a locus classicus of the juxtaposition of the two Greek terms for life, zoe (‘the simple fact of living common to all living beings’) and bios (‘the form or way of living proper to an individual or a group’), Agamben (HS 1–2) cites a passage in Aristotle’s Politics that notes that there is a certain ‘natural delight (euemeria) and sweetness’ in the ‘mere fact of being alive itself’ (to zen auto monon), which makes human beings hold on to it for its own sake, provided that the mode of life (bios) that this being-alive amounts to is not fraught with excessive difficulty.
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Drew, Phillip. The Historical Practice of Blockade. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808435.003.0004.
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In spite of the fact that naval vessels have been interdicting merchant throughout history, maritime blockade is a relatively modern form of naval warfare. This chapter provides an overview of the major blockade operations that have occurred between the time of the Dutch Placaat of 1584 and the ongoing blockade of Gaza by the Israeli Navy. It examines how this method of warfare has evolved from being the mere seaward aspect of a sieges of port cities into strategic operations that can lay ruin to the economies of modern industrialized nations, and cause severe shortages of food and other necessities of life.
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Richardson, Henry. Noneternal Moral Principles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190247744.003.0010.
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Because this book’s central claim is that the moral community can authoritatively introduce new moral norms in the course of history, it seems to clash with the claim that all moral truths ultimately trace to eternally true principles of morality. This chapter considers the views of two philosophers whose added assumptions convert this into a real conflict—the seventeenth-century neo-Platonist Ralph Cudworth and the recently deceased Oxford philosopher G. A. Cohen. It challenges Cudworth’s addition to the claim—namely, that the route back can be traced only by reference to the nature of the relevant actions. And it undercuts Cohen’s contribution by reinforcing Thomas Pogge’s point that fact-sensitivity in a principle can reflect due humility rather than a lack of clear-headedness, by endorsing Sarah Moss’s claim that two final ends can contingently support each other, and by neutralizing Cohen’s attempt to disparage fact-sensitive principles as mere rules of regulation.
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Henning, Tim. Parentheticalism and Action Explanation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797036.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses the nature of action explanation. Against so-called psychologist accounts, it is argued that the reasons cited as explanantia are usually not mental states but worldly states of affairs. Against so-called Anti-Psychologist accounts (such as Dancy’s), it is argued that the factivity of such explanations is not easily cancelled, and that verbs like “believe” and “want” are not mere devices for cancelling factive implicatures (even though there can be ellipsis). In fact, it is argued that simply citing the relevant worldly reasons leaves out an important part of typical action explanations. The correct view is given by parentheticalism: We must explain actions by citing worldly reasons from subjective points of view.
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Gragl, Paul. The Descriptive Value of Legal Monism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796268.003.0004.
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The aim to defend legal monism requires more than just mere epistemology, as sceptics might argue that monism is incapable of describing the real legal world and the law as it is. Consequently, this part offers a precise analysis as to whether two or more distinct bodies of law blend into a unitary legal order or whether they evade such integration. Thus, it will assess the assumptions of the pure theory of law, and in particular those of legal monism, namely between national law and public international law; and between national law and European Union law. The objective of this assessment is to show whether monism is in fact capable of describing the legal reality as well as or even better than dualism or pluralism.
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Gaut, Berys. Art and Knowledge. Edited by Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0025.
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The question of whether art gives us knowledge is as old as the philosophy of art itself: Plato in The Republic argued that, although poetry purports to give knowledge, it in fact does no such thing, but produces a mere deceptive appearance of knowledge. In contrast, Aristotle in The Poetics argued for the capacity of poetry to give its audience knowledge of universals. The dispute has reverberated down to the modern period, and a large part of the contemporary debate is still concerned with the classical form of the question. This can be dubbed the epistemic question: can art give its audience knowledge? Though the questions are rarely distinguished, there is a distinct issue which also needs to be addressed under the general rubric of art and knowledge.
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Becker, Lawrence C. Stoic Virtue. Edited by Nancy E. Snow. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199385195.013.6.
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The Stoics notoriously held that virtue was the perfection of human-scale rational agency; that such perfection was rare but humanly possible; that it was both necessary and sufficient for happiness; that it was, in fact, the only unqualified good for human beings; and that it was an all-or-nothing achievement—there were no intermediate degrees of virtue. The mere recital of that list of Stoic doctrines has often been enough to disqualify Stoicism as a viable form of virtue ethics. This chapter, however, describes Stoic ethics as a systematic and attractive alternative to Aristotelian ethics. The implicit suggestion is that the usual caricatures of Stoicism can be erased, and that contemporary virtue ethics can benefit from working in the Stoic tradition—particularly with its naturalistic account of moral development.
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Michael, Furmston, Tolhurst G J, and Mik Eliza. 13 Is There a Duty to Negotiate in Good Faith? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198724032.003.0013.
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This chapter assesses the duty of good faith in negotiation. In general, even civilian systems which have long adopted notions of good faith performance have been much slower to accept notions of good faith negotiation. So all over the world the question of whether the parties should be under a duty to negotiate in good faith is very much at the forefront of the debate. The traditional view is that there is no general duty of good faith in negotiation. However, the doctrinal principles applied in England and Australia frequently serve to promote good faith. Those who wish to argue for a general rule of good faith, contractual or tortious, can find support in certain case law. But the mere fact of entering into negotiations does not create such a duty.
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Shelley, Mary. Vol. I. Edited by Joey Eschrich and Mary Drago. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262533287.003.0001.
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The event on which this fiction is founded has been supposed, by Dr. Darwin,1 and some of the physiological writers of Germany, as not of impossible occurrence. I shall not be supposed as according the remotest degree of serious faith to such an imagination; yet, in assuming it as the basis of a work of fancy, I have not considered myself as merely weaving a series of supernatural terrors. The event on which the interest of the story depends is exempt from the disadvantages of a mere tale of spectres or enchantment. It was recommended by the novelty of the situations which it developes; and, however impossible as a physical fact, affords a point of view to the imagination for the delineating of human passions more comprehensive and commanding than any which the ordinary relations of existing events can yield....
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Matthee, Rudi. Historiographical Reflections on the Eighteenth Century in Iranian History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190250324.003.0003.
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This chapter seeks to bring some historiographical coherence to the rather chaotic eighteenth century in Iranian history. It suggests that rather than looking at the period in dynastic terms, as a tale of ‘great men’, or as a mere tribal interlude between the seventeenth-century Safavid and the nineteenth-century Qajar dynasties, it is more productive to view it in its own right and suggest three interpretive models for future research on this transitional period: a ‘supranational’ or regional approach, situating Iran in a broader Eurasian framework; a more narrow purview which perceives the country as a singular political and cultural entity, although not necessarily through a nationalist lens; and a regional perspective, in recognition of the fact that Iran at the time was not yet a nation-state but rather a conglomerate of poorly connected and relatively autonomous regional centers.
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Wan, Sze-kar. Colonizing the Supernatural. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190278359.003.0010.
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The terms daimōn, “spirit,” “god,” even “genius” in Classical Greek were transformed into the negative “demon” by more than a mere linguistic sleight of hand. The transformation in fact encodes a triumph of the Jewish and Christian worldview over their Greek and Roman counterpart. This chapter traces the linguistic and cultural influences Christianity exerted on the Roman construction of the dead and proposes that conceptualization of the ghostly world does not merely reflect shifts in cultural attitudes but is a deliberate construct designed to bolster the powerful. Armed with monotheism and its constructed power over the spiritual and ghostly realm, imperial Christianity was able to impose a rigid interpretation of the spiritual world and monopolize the cult of the dead. In so doing, the Empire succeeded in colonizing the dead and localized in itself both political and religious power that would last until its eventual collapse.
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Kacprzak, Agnieszka. Rhetoric and Roman Law. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.16.
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This chapter surveys the methods of constructing rational arguments taught in the schools of rhetoric and their impact on juridical argumentation. It surveys: the place of rhetoric in legal education; the basic tools of rhetorical invention, i.e. rhetorical syllogism and induction, general schemes of inference on which singular arguments depended (topoi), and types of questions on which court debates could concentrate (status); the difficulties one is likely to encounter when trying to identify traces of rhetorical teaching in legal sources. It is the contention of this chapter that such attempts are hardly successful, since rhetorical theory codifies, classifies, and to a lesser degree analyses types of argumentation people intuitively use, rather than create them. The mere fact that a jurist applied some pattern of reasoning as described in rhetorical handbooks is insufficient evidence to conclude either that he had some sort of rhetorical education or that he knew rhetorical theory.
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Peter, Huber. Ch.3 Validity, s.1: General provisions, Art.3.1.3. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0053.
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This commentary focuses on Article 3.1.3 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning initial impossibility. Art 3.1.3 excludes those domestic rules that invalidate a contract simply because there is initial impossibility or simply because (‘the mere fact that’) one party was not entitled to dispose of the assets concerned. As a result of Art 3.1.3, neither initial impossibility nor lack of power to dispose of the assets as such makes a contract invalid. However, this does not mean that initial impossibility or lack of power to dispose of the assets has no consequences. On the contrary, these cases are treated under the PICC's rules on non-performance or mistake. Art 3.1.3 applies irrespective of how the relevant domestic law classifies its rule that initial impossibility (or initial lack of power of disposition) leads to invalidity. It also does not cover other domestic rules on invalidity.
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Adams, George. Jack London as Poet. Edited by Jay Williams. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199315178.013.13.
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Jack London’s failure as a poet, defined by esthetic or marketable criteria, is not an argument for ignoring his poetry. The mere fact of his including his poems in his essays and stories indicates that poetry was an integral aspect of his creativity and hence must be considered in an evaluation of his work as a whole. This essay provides an overview and classificatory system for better understanding his poetic output, especially in relation to the rest of his work. Given the difficulty of demonstrating that London was a poet who also reluctantly wrote prose, it is perhaps more accurate to call him a prose writer who for various reasons wrote poetry. A way to recuperate the view that he had a poetic instinct is to consider him the third kind of poet, in the larger etymological sense of the Greek poietes, “one who makes” or “creates.”
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Grabher, Gernot, and Oliver Ibert. Schumpeterian Customers? How Active Users Co-create Innovations. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.36.
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Up until recently, the role of the customer in economic geography seems to have been confined to a passive recipient of products at the end of the value chain. Innovation, in particular, has been conceived as an affair within and between firms. More recently, however, this traditional perception has been challenged. Consumers, in fact, are no longer seen as mere buyers of commodities but are more and more perceived (and perceive themselves) as competent users who contribute valuable knowledge to innovation processes and who have the power and capacity to intervene at all stages in the value creation process. Value co-creation has emerged as a new paradigm that signifies this transformation of the role of consumers. The prime aim of this chapter is to map out the evolving terrain of value co-creation and to draw conclusions for economic geographical inquiry into innovation processes.
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de Beauvoir, Simone, and Margaret Simons. New Heroes for Old. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036347.003.0008.
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Today in France they frequently say that the novel is dying, that the novel is dead. That is one of the leitmotivs of postwar criticism. Nevertheless, if you loiter by the bookshop windows, or prowl among the editors’ offices, you cannot help being struck by the great number of books and manuscripts that flaunt the label “novel.” Nor are they dead works, for many of them are received by the public with enthusiasm. The critics cannot ignore this fact, but they nevertheless shake their heads and mutter, “These are not true novels. The novel is dead.” You might be tempted to regard this argument as a mere quibble; but even quibbles have some meaning, and the meaning of this one is clear: the modern French novel has so far departed from tradition that for those souls who respect outmoded forms it no longer deserves the name....
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Clarke, Timothy. Aristotle and the Eleatic One. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719700.001.0001.
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This book examines Aristotle’s response to Eleatic monism, the theory of Parmenides of Elea and his followers that reality is ‘one’. The book argues that Aristotle interprets the Eleatics as thoroughgoing monists, for whom the pluralistic, changing world of the senses is a mere illusion. Understood in this way, the Eleatic theory constitutes a radical challenge to the possibility of natural philosophy. Aristotle discusses the Eleatics in several works, including De Caelo, De Generatione et Corruptione, and the Metaphysics. But his most extensive treatment of their monism comes at the beginning of the Physics, where he criticizes them for overlooking the fact that ‘being is said in many ways’—in other words, that there are many ways of being. Through a careful analysis of this and other criticisms, the book explains how Aristotle’s engagement with the Eleatics prepares the ground for his own theory of the principles of nature. Aristotle is commonly thought to be an unreliable interpreter of his Presocratic predecessors; in contrast, this book argues that his critique can shed valuable light on the motivation of the Eleatic theory and its influence on the later philosophical tradition.
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Mauer, Roman, ed. Das Meer im Film. edition text + kritik im Richard Boorberg Verlag, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783967072075.
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Was wir vom Eigenen und vom Fremden zu wissen glauben, wird oft überformt von Wunsch-Vorstellungen oder Abwehrreaktionen. Erfahrungen vermischen und ordnen sich oft nach Denk- und Darstellungsmustern. Es ist fast ein Gemeinplatz: Das real "Existierende" fügt sich immer wieder in vorgefasste, auch überlieferte Begriffe und Ideenkonstrukte ein – nach dem Motto: "Ich sehe, was ich zu sehen erwarte." Ich sehe aber auch nur, was mir von meinem Blickpunkt aus sichtbar wird. Verschiebe ich meine Perspektive, wird bis dahin Unsichtbares wahrnehmbar, das außerhalb des ursprünglichen Blickfelds besteht. Etwas verstehen zu wollen, ergibt einen unabschließbaren Prozess steter Blickwinkel- und Grenzverschiebungen, wobei die Annäherung an das Fremde auch die Optik für die Besichtigung des Eigenen schärft. Eine der wichtigsten modernen Formen der Aufzeichnung "anderer Welten" ist der Film (seit seiner Geburtsstunde). Die in der Geschichte des Films bis heute zu entdeckenden Projektionen: also Abbildungen des Fremden und Übertragungen des Eigenen bieten faszinierende und erschreckende Ansichten von erhabener Natur und verstörender Kultur. In der Reihe "Projektionen" werden Phänomene der Natur und Kultur in ihrem Zusammenhang mit dem Medium Film beleuchtet.
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Pettman, Ralph. Is There a Discipline of IR? A Heterodox Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.248.
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International relations (IR) is widely accepted as an academic discipline in its own right, despite the many subdisciplines which hold it together. These disparate subdisciplines, in fact, have come to define international relations as a whole. Establishing systematic matrices that describe and explain the discipline as a whole can show how the subdisciplines that constitute international relations have sufficient coherence to allow us to say that there is a discipline there. To look at the discipline otherwise would be viewing it as a mere collection of insights taken from other disciplines—in short, international relations could not be defined as a discipline at all. Such an argument forms a more heterodox view of international relations—one which does not attempt to engage with traditional debates about what constitutes the subject’s core as compared with its periphery. The “old” international relations was largely confined to politico-strategic issues to do with military strategy and diplomacy; that is, to discussions of peace and war, international organization, international governance, and international law. It was about states and the state system and little more. By contrast the “new” international relations is an all-inclusive account of how the world works. The underlying coherence of this account makes it possible to provide more comprehensive and more nuanced explanations of international relations.
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The Facts on File Dictionary of Marine Science (The Facts on File Science Dictionaries). Facts on File, 2001.
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The Facts on File Dictionary of Marine Science (The Facts on File Science Dictionaries). Facts on File, 2001.
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Pearce, Kenneth L. Language and the Structure of Berkeley's World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198790334.001.0001.
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According to George Berkeley, there is fundamentally nothing in the world but minds and their ideas. Ideas are understood as pure phenomenal ‘feels’ which are momentarily had by a single perceiver, then vanish. Surprisingly, Berkeley tries to sell this idealistic philosophical system as a defense of common sense and an aid to science. However, both common sense and Newtonian science take the perceived world to be highly structured in a way that Berkeley’s system does not appear to allow. This book argues that Berkeley’s solution to this problem lies in his innovative philosophy of language. The solution works at two levels. At the first level, it is by means of our conventions for the use of physical object talk that we impose structure on the world. At a deeper level, the orderliness of the world is explained by the fact that, according to Berkeley, the world itself is a discourse ‘spoken’ by God—the world is literally an object of linguistic interpretation. The structure that our physical object talk—in common sense and in Newtonian physics—aims to capture is the grammatical structure of this divine discourse. This approach yields surprising consequences for some of the most discussed issues in Berkeley’s metaphysics. Most notably, it is argued that, in Berkeley’s view, physical objects are neither ideas nor collections of ideas. Rather, physical objects, like forces, are mere quasi-entities brought into being by our linguistic practices.
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Matern, Harald, and Georg Pfleiderer, eds. Krise der Zukunft I. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845281704.
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Negative expectations saturate the current debates about the future, and apocalyptic images are omnipresent. Are there other reasons for this than mere facts? The interdisciplinary studies by the fellows of the ZRWP’s Basler Forschungskolleg (Basel Research School) that are collated here address this question—and find surprising answers.
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Linarelli, John, Margot E. Salomon, and Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah. The Legal Rendering of Immiseration. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753957.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the reader to the ideas and arguments that animate this wide-ranging book. Whereas many works focus on violations of international law, this book is concerned with the law itself. It seeks to demonstrate how the truth about the role and effects of the law in the creation and perpetuation of misery fail adequately to inform it. From its early inception to the present day, international law has always been predicated on private property and commodification and so the social and political values that are constitutive of economies as much as property and contract have, in important ways, been forsaken. In laying the ground, this chapter distinguishes fact from fiction in the nature and scale of harms and alienations, to introduce the pluralist approach taken in this critique of international law. In that diverse traditions from liberal to radical shed light on the problems and their possible redress, it is explained in this chapter how the book engages these various traditions. In calling for a ‘predistributive’ international law, the chapter foregrounds the need to move from mere redistribution to making international law just in the first place, in a structural sense. In its coverage of what this book is and is not about, this first chapter seeks to unshackle the reader from deep-rooted assumptions that frame the debates around economic globalization and to begin the critical project of exploring how international law is both constituted by capitalism and constitutive of it and with what implications for justice reasonably understood.
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Dasgupta, Ushashi. Charles Dickens and the Properties of Fiction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859116.001.0001.
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This book explores the significance of rental culture in Charles Dickens’s fiction and journalism. It reveals tenancy, or the leasing of real estate in exchange for money, to be a governing force in everyday life in the nineteenth century. It casts a light into back attics and landladies’ parlours, and follows a host of characters—from slum landlords exploiting their tenants, to pairs of friends deciding to live together and share the rent. In this period, tenancy shaped individuals, structured communities, and fascinated writers. The vast majority of London’s population had an immediate economic relationship with the houses and rooms they inhabited, and Dickens was highly attuned to the social, psychological, and imaginative corollaries of this phenomenon. He may have been read as an overwhelming proponent of middle-class domestic ideology, but if we look closely, we see that his fictional universe is a dense network of rented spaces. He is comfortable in what he calls the ‘lodger world’, and he locates versions of home in a multitude of unlikely places. These are not mere settings, waiting to be recreated faithfully; rented space does not simply provide a backdrop for incident in the nineteenth-century novel. Instead, it plays an important part in influencing what takes place. For Dickens, to write about tenancy can often mean to write about writing—character, authorship, and literary collaboration. More than anything, he celebrates the fact that unassuming houses brim with narrative potential: comedies, romances, mysteries, and comings-of-age take place behind their doors.
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Anderson, Greg. Being in a Different World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.003.0017.
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After summarizing the book’ s alternative recursive analysis of the Athenian politeia, the chapter confronts three possible objections to this new account. First, despite possible appearances to the contrary, this kind of ontological history can in fact accommodate the “messiness” of “real life.” While its primary purpose is to recover the ontological and metaphysical commitments which were presupposed by Athenian demokratia, it is not necessarily contradicted by evidence for conduct that might seem to defy those commitments. Second, nor is this kind of analysis necessarily contradicted by the texts of, say, Plato, Thucydides, or other contemporary intellectuals which seem to offer us very different accounts of Greek “realities.” Such texts represent the thought of only a tiny elite minority, intellectuals who were expressly challenging conventional presuppositions about the givens of existence. And it is those conventional presuppositions which the book is primarily concerned with, since they constituted the “world-making common sense” of the age, the social knowledge that was at once presupposed and reproduced by the most vital life-sustaining practices of the Athenians, the thought which actively helped to make their world whatever it really was at the time. By contrast, elite oppositional claims were merely ideational constructs, mere renegade “worldviews.” Third, while the book’ s ontological history is written in the synchronic mode, treating the classical era as a single extended moment, this does not mean that it is incapable of accounting for change. Indeed, as the chapter shows, it is quite possible to imagine a diachronic ontological history.
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Jain, Andrea R. Peace Love Yoga. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888626.001.0001.
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Peace Love Yoga analyzes growing spiritual industries and their coherence with neoliberal capitalism. “Personal growth,” “self-care,” and “transformation” are just some of the generative tropes in the narrative of these industries. The book illuminates the power dynamics underlying what the author calls neoliberal spirituality, illustrating how spiritual commodities are rooted in concerns about deviancy, not only in the form of low productivity but also forms of social deviancy. The book, however, does not just offer one more voice bemoaning the commodification of spirituality as a numbing device through which consumers ignore the problems of neoliberal capitalism or as the corruption or loss of “authentic” religious forms. Instead, it asks what we should make of subversive spiritual discourses that call on adherents to think beyond the individual and even out into the environment, claims to counter the problems of unbridled capitalism with charitable giving or “conscious capitalism,” challenges to the imperialism behind the appropriation and commodification of products from yoga to mindfulness, calls for women’s empowerment, and efforts to greenwash commodities, making them more environmentally “friendly” or “sustainable.” Rather than a mode through which consumers ignore, escape, or are numbed to the problems of neoliberal capitalism, many spiritual industries, corporations, entrepreneurs, and consumers, the book suggests, do actually acknowledge those problems and, in fact, subvert them; but they subvert them through mere gestures. From provocative taglines printed across T-shirts or packaging to calls for “conscious capitalism,” commodification serves as a strategy through which subversion itself is contained.
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Watson, Jay. William Faulkner and the Faces of Modernity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849742.001.0001.
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William Faulkner has enjoyed a secure reputation as American modernism’s foremost fiction writer, and as a landmark figure in international literary modernism, for well over half a century. Less secure, however, has been any scholarly consensus about what those modernist credentials actually entail. Over recent decades, there have been lively debates in modernist studies over the who, what, where, when, and how of the surprisingly elusive phenomena of modernism and modernity. It is the aim of this book to broaden and deepen an understanding of Faulkner’s oeuvre by following some of the guiding questions and insights of new modernism studies scholarship into understudied aspects of Faulkner’s literary modernism and his cultural modernity. William Faulkner and the Faces of Modernity explores Faulkner’s rural Mississippians as modernizing subjects in their own right rather than mere objects of modernization; traces the new speed gradients, media formations, and intensifications of sensory and affective experience that the twentieth century brought to the cities and countryside of the US South; maps the fault lines in whiteness as a racial modernity under construction and contestation during the Jim Crow period; resituates Faulkner’s fictional Yoknapatawpha County within the transnational countermodernities of the black Atlantic; and follows the author’s imaginative engagement with modern biopolitics through his late work A Fable, a novel Faulkner hoped to make his “magnum o.” By returning to the utterly uncontroversial fact of Faulkner’s modernism with a critical sensibility sharpened by new modernism studies, William Faulkner and the Faces of Modernity aims to spark further reappraisal of a distinguished and quite dazzling body of fiction. Perhaps even make it new.
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Carnets, Cool. Carnet de Notes: Fart Poo Merde Sarcasme Toilettes Cadeaux Humour 120 Pages, 6X9 , Blanc / Croquis. Independently Published, 2020.
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Carnets, Cool Secret. Carnet de Notes: Poo Merde Fart Sarcasme Toilettes Humour Cadeaux 120 Pages, 6X9 , Quadrill�. Independently Published, 2019.
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Marshall, Colin. Compassionate Moral Realism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809685.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book offers a novel defense of compassion and morality. The core claim is that compassion is our capacity to perceive or experience other creatures’ pains, pleasures, and desires as they really are, and that mere factual knowledge is no replacement for this. As a result, people without compassion cannot fully face reality, even if they know what reality contains. Part I of the book defends this claim with respect to simple cases involving compassion for a suffering creature. Part II extends that conclusion to cases involving other states and multiple creatures, thereby providing a general epistemic answer to the “why be moral?” question. Part III uses the argument of Part I to develop a novel form of moral realism. This view, called “Compassionate Moral Realism,” offers a distinctive set of virtues. It is naturalist, and yet posits necessary, knowable moral facts. It also vindicates the intuition that there is an epistemic asymmetry between morally good people and amoral people. Unlike other views, it locates that asymmetry at the level of perception or experience, not at the level of propositional judgment or knowledge. Throughout, the argument draws on a variety of historical figures and on work in contemporary metaethics.
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Mary Ellen, O’Connell. Part 3 The Post 9/11-Era (2001–), 63 The Crisis in Ukraine—2014. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0063.
Full textAbstract:
On 28 February 2014, Russian forces moved out of their base on the Black Sea into Crimea, triggering a crisis with Ukraine that quickly spread to Eastern Ukraine. Russia has attempted to justify its actions in Ukraine. On close analysis, no argument is adequate to avoid the charge of aggression, which is any serious violation of United Nations Charter Article 2(4). Article 2(4) is no mere treaty rule. It is jus cogens, a peremptory norm, meaning it is durable, impervious to modification. Facts on the ground in Ukraine may remain unchanged without sufficient international pressure. Regardless, Russia’s presence will remain unlawful.
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Orford, Barry. Music and Hymnody. Edited by Stewart J. Brown, Peter Nockles, and James Pereiro. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199580187.013.34.
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Although hymn singing has always been a feature of Christian worship, it was largely lost in the Church of England after the Reformation. It experienced a revival in the eighteenth century among Dissenters and Wesleyans, though the Church of England was slow to grasp the opportunity that hymns offered. The Tractarians understood the devotional and didactic value of hymns and they worked to restore hymns within Anglicanism. A number of Tractarians made original contributions in words and music, bringing to their verses an intellectual rigour that discouraged mere emotionalism. Above all, in the publication of Hymns Ancient & Modern they changed permanently the face of Anglican worship.
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Feller, Laurent. Travail, salaire et pauvreté au moyen âge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0010.
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Hired working is a topic rarely dealt with by medievalists. It is nevertheless a central matter: beside the corvée and the range of constraints that goes with the seigniorial system, wages play an important part in the organization of rural or urban working. In the first place, every kind of work, even constrained work, has a cost. This ranges from the material organization of the tasks to the offering of a meal or to the payment of a monetary counterpart in exchange for the work. These features are compensations for the time passed in the fields or in the workshop and for the strength and skill used to satisfy the demands of the master. The fact that this cost is not necessarily, and never entirely, monetized is a barrier to thinking that between tenth and fifteenth centuries work could be considered a mere commodity whose wage is a price. The existence of counterparts in working means that there are reciprocal obligations: this fits well with an economic system in which acts and things can be valued according to social or political circumstances. Hired working appears to have been part of the seigniorial system from its very beginnings, as a marginal but useful way to obtain work from free workers. The way in which the different tasks are remunerated, and not only the amounts concerned, reveal the hierarchies in working: there is a gap between the gold given once a year to an architect (or to a professor at a university) and the bullion used to pay workers once a week on construction sites. The ways of remunerating work can be very complicated, mixing payments in cash and in kind. These payments show a considerable confusion in the conception of what the remuneration consists of: different words are used, even in the same contexts, to indicate the same economic reality, especially in rural contexts where the remuneration can involve clothes, cash, food, and accommodation. In the end, salary and poverty appear to be closely linked in the mentalities as well as in the social and economic reality. Hired working, salary, and misery are clearly three interrelated features of the medieval economic and social reality.
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Ender, Tommy, and Esmeralda Rodríguez. Beyond Survival. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676087.003.0005.
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“Beyond Survival: A Portrait of Latin@ Identity in North Carolina” reveals the complex identities developed by Latin@s living in the US state of North Carolina since the start of the 21st century. The chapter reviews qualitative research conducted on Latin@ communities in the state using meta-ethnographic synthesis. It also takes into account the personal experiences of two Latin@ doctoral students who moved to the state to engage in research. The resulting synthesis illustrates how Latin@ communities are developing new discourses and forging spaces through education, identity, and fuerzas (strength) in the face of systematic barriers. The emergence of supervivencia (beyond mere survival) also resists deficit perspectives on Latin@s in the state.
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Bryen, Ari Z. Crimes against the Individual. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.25.
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This chapter addresses two “crimes” against the individual: violation of his public face (iniuria), and violation of his household (stuprum and adulterium). More than mere prohibited offences, these two types of harm came, during the crises of sovereignty of the late Republic and early Principate, to be potent loci for thinking about the ideal citizen, his political relationships, and the nature of the Roman state. Though these categories were linked together through doctrinal law, their impact is evident in a variety of texts from this period, and so demonstrate the ways in which “law” and “society” were deeply linked at the levels of the fundamental cognitive structures that enabled the Romans to make sense of their lived and historical experience.
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Antidotes with Overdose. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0016.
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In contrast to general intensive care units, the neurosciences ICU admits fewer cases of incidental overdoses with illicit or prescribed drugs than cases of adverse drug effects. Overdoses of illicit drugs can be seen in conjunction with traumatic brain injury and anoxic-ischemic injury. In fact, the illegal drug is often the main culprit in the acute brain injury. Alcohol intoxication remains frequent and the intoxication signs depressing brain function may merge with clinical signs of an acute structural brain injury. This chapter discusses toxins causing laboratory abnormalities, first treatment considerations, and antidotes, including commonly used drugs for detoxification. When available, antidotes for toxidromes are provided. The chapter also summarizes the neurology of drug overdose.
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NoteBookJournallgift, sml. Thank You Very Much for Being a Meme If I Have a Different Meme to Punch in Her Face and Go Find My: Lined Notebook Funny Gift for Mother Grandma 120 Page Appreciation Gift, 6x9 Inch. Independently Published, 2020.
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NoteBookJournallgift, sml. Thank You Very Much for Being a Meme If I Have a Different Meme to Punch in Her Face and Go Find My: Lined Notebook Funny Gift for Mother Grandma 120 Page Appreciation Gift, 6x9 Inch. Independently Published, 2020.
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Bird, Wendell. The Revolution in Freedoms of Press and Speech. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197509197.001.0001.
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This book discusses the revolutionary broadening of concepts of freedoms of press and speech in Great Britain and in America during the quarter century before the First Amendment and Fox’s Libel Act. The conventional view of the history of freedoms of press and speech is that the common law since antiquity defined those freedoms narrowly. In that view, Sir William Blackstone in 1769, and Lord Chief Justice Mansfield in 1770, faithfully summarized that common law in giving very narrow definitions of those freedoms as mere liberty from prior restraint and not as liberty from punishment after printing or speaking (the political crimes of seditious libel and seditious speech). Today, that view continues to be held by neo-Blackstonians, and remains dominant or at least very influential among historians. Neo-Blackstonians claim that the Framers used freedom of press “in a Blackstonian sense to mean a guarantee against previous restraints” with no protection against “subsequent restraints” (punishment) of seditious expression. Neo-Blackstonians further claim that “[n]o other definition of freedom of the press by anyone anywhere in America before 1798” existed. This book, by contrast, concludes that a broad definition and understanding of freedoms of press and speech was the dominant context of the First Amendment and of Fox’s Libel Act. Its basis is hundreds of examples of a broad understanding of freedoms of press and speech, in both Britain and America, in the late eighteenth century. For example, a book published in London in 1760 by a Scottish lawyer, George Wallace, stated that it is tyranny “to restrain the freedom of speculative disquisitions,” and because “men have a right to think for themselves, and to publish their thoughts,” it is “monstrous … under the pretext of the authority of laws, which ought never to have been enacted … attempting to restrain the liberty of the press” (seditious libel law). This book also challenges the conventional view of Blackstone and the neo-Blackstonians. Blackstone and Mansfield did not find any definition in the common law, but instead selected the narrowest definition in popular essays from the prior seventy years. Blackstone misdescribed it as an accepted common law definition, which in fact did not exist, and a year later Mansfield inserted a similar definition into the common law for the first time. Both misdescribed that narrow definition and the unique rules for prosecuting sedition as ancient. They were leading a counter-revolution, cloaked as a summary of a narrow and ancient common law doctrine that was neither.