Journal articles: 'Merging Unit'

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Wang, Yi Ming, and Jian Cheng Tan. "Design of a Synthesized Merging Unit Based on IEC 61850-9-2." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 2223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2223.

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To meet the requirements of smart substations for digital information, integrated functions and compact structure, the definitions of merging units in IEC 60044-8 and IEC 61850-9-1/2 were analyzed. Based on the analysis, this paper described a realization of merging units used in the electronic transformers. The hardware and software architectures of merging unit were proposed. According to the design, the merging unit realizes synchronization of sampling pulse, receiving and processing of sampled values, and data transmission. An additional function of phasor measurement was included, which makes it a synthesized device between the process level and the bay level of the digital substation. The data packets were captured and analyzed by Wireshark, corresponding with IEC 61850-9-2, which demonstrates the high flexibility and utility value of the merging unit.

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Liu, Hai Tao, Ming Yu Huang, and Yong Hao Zhang. "Merging Unit Performance Evaluation of Intelligent Substation Based on the Triangular Fuzzy Number." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5559.

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According to the deficient situation of study in merging unit performance evaluation, this paper set up a comprehensive evaluation model for merging unit performance evaluation. Introduced triangular fuzzy number and determined the index weight through certain processing conversion, and set up a scientific system of performance indicators, and then selected normal distribution as the membership function. On this basis, this paper established a hierarchical and sub-aims comprehensive evaluation model. Finally, the model was applied for evaluating a merging unit performance. The evaluation result showed that the weight was effective and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was simple and reliable.

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Del Prete, S., A. Delle Femine, D. Gallo, C. Landi, and M. Luiso. "Implementation of a distributed Stand Alone Merging Unit." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1065 (August 2018): 052042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1065/5/052042.

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Shu, Zhan, Xia Cai, Bo Chen, Ning Zhou, and Yongchun Su. "Research of intelligent substation merging unit calibration equipment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 199 (May 2017): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/199/1/012037.

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Wang, Y., J. H. Liu, and L. S. Li. "Assembly sequences merging based on assembly unit partitioning." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 45, no. 7-8 (March 14, 2009): 808–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-009-1993-z.

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Han, Ying, Long Hua Mu, and Wei Zhuang. "Design and Application of New Merging Unit Based on Dual CPU." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1724.

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For the increasing development of smart grid and the basic requirements of smart substations for digital information, networked communication platform and standardized information sharing, it’s very necessary to do research on the merging unit, which is the important equipment in process layer of substations. In order to adapt to the development of smart substations, according to IEC61850-9-2 standards, a new merging unit based on dsPIC30F6014 and STM32F107 is designed in this paper and each function module is designed and analyzed. DsPIC is responsible for data receiving and processing and the controlling of logical state. STM32F107 is responsible for the synchronization of merging unit and Ethernet communication. Time-synchronization based on IEEE1588 precision time protocol is especially introduced in this paper.

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Fan, Chen, Yi Min Ni, and Guo Qing Zhao. "The Development about Multifunction Merging Unit Used in Smart Substation." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1391.

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The merging unit is used to realize the digitalization and sharing of the data of process and is widely used with the electronic voltage transformer (EVT) and electronic current transformer (ECT). As the construction of smart substation which is presented by the state grid company of china, a serial new requirements and needs about the merging unit are proposed and the merging unit which only sends the sampling value can not meet it. The new demands of the smart substation are analyzed, The design of hardware and the implement of the function are presented. The multifunction which including the model of sampling, the data catenation, the acquisition of status signal through GOOSE , the voltage parallel and switching and the synchronization of device are analyzed in detailed. At the end, the function of intelligent diagnosis and debug is introduced. The device has been used in the project of smart substation and takes good effect.

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Cipolletta, Giuliano, Antonio Delle Femine, Daniele Gallo, Carmine Landi, and Mario Luiso. "Design and Characterization of a Stand-Alone Merging Unit." ACTA IMEKO 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i1.753.

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<p class="Abstract">Merging Units (MUs) play a key role in enhancing the levels of security and the reliability of power systems, allowing for advanced remote diagnostics. Some of the benefits are a more efficient transmission of electricity and a better integration with renewable energy systems. In this article, an implementation of a Stand-Alone Merging Unit (SAMU), compliant with the IEC 61850-9-2 standard and based on a low-cost ARM microcontroller, is described. It acquires two signals, one voltage and one current, and it sends the samples over the ethernet connection. A high-resolution Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC), synchronised to the Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) through a Global Positioning System (GPS) disciplined oscillator, is used. The opportune insulation and conditioning stage have been designed. Several tests have been performed, varying amplitude, frequency, and phase of the input signals, in order to evaluate the metrological performance of the proposed SAMU and they are here discussed.</p>

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Li, Xuan, Qiaozhu Zhai, and Xiaohong Guan. "Robust transmission constrained unit commitment: a column merging method." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 2968–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.6314.

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Kong, Yuan, and A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos. "Intelligent merging unit: DSE-based online instrumentation channel error correction." Electric Power Systems Research 200 (November 2021): 107468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107468.

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Hong, Soon-Gi, Yoon-Sik Choe, and Yong-Goo Kim. "Reference Frame Memory Compression Using Selective Processing Unit Merging Method." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 16, no. 2 (March 30, 2011): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jeb.2011.16.2.339.

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Gontarz, Kamil, Ryszard Kowalik, Désiré D. Rasolomampionona, and Marcin Januszewski. "The Construction and Operation of Some Examples of Merging Unit." Acta Energetica 1, no. 18 (March 1, 2014): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12736/issn.2300-3022.2014104.

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Wang, Shi Yong, and Ting Ting Shi. "Research on Condition Monitoring of Protection System Based on Substation Area Protection." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1245.

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Protection equipment in intelligent substation includes Merging Unit, protection equipment and Intelligent Terminal. At present, the status of the intelligent electronic device in intelligent substation protection system is still lack of effective monitoring means. According to the characteristics that substation area protection can obtain current information of all circuits in substation through GOOSE network, a protection system conditioning monitoring relay named PSCMR is designed in this paper. Based on the principle of current differential, PSCMR can accurately identify the abnormal condition or malfunction of Merging Unit or Electronic Current Transformer and realize condition monitoring of intelligent electronic device in protection system.

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Chen, Hao, Chao Long Ou, Fu Sheng Chen, Jie Xiang, Xian Yong Xu, Wei Neng Wang, and Hai Yuan Wang. "Research on the Secondary Interface of Electronic Transformers in Smart Substation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 710 (January 2015): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.710.53.

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According to the requirements of smart substation metering system, a digital interface based on IEC 61850 specification is given, then the functional model of the merging unit is discussed. Meanwhile, according to the actual situation, the author proposes an analog output interface, in order to fit with traditional substation secondary equipment. Then the solution based on TMS320F28335 digital control platform is described, for which the voltage control module of the software and hardware circuits are discussed in detail. The experimental data shows that the proposed merging unit and analog voltage output interface can meet the accuracy standard of electronic transformer in the smart substation.

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Geng, Hongyao, Jian Feng, Lisa Marie Stabryla, and Sung Kwon Cho. "Dielectrowetting manipulation for digital microfluidics: creating, transporting, splitting, and merging of droplets." Lab on a Chip 17, no. 6 (2017): 1060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7lc00006e.

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Billings, J. Andrew, and Adele Keeley. "Merging cultures: Palliative care specialists in the medical intensive care unit." Critical Care Medicine 34, Suppl (November 2006): S388—S393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000237346.11218.42.

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Wang, Shu, and Dengke He. "A new method for Rayleigh wave inversion by geological unit merging." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016503008.

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Rayleigh wave exploration is widely used in engineering investigation due to the advantages of speediness, small attenuation, and strong anti-interference ability. However, it is difficult to get accurate results since the Rayleigh wave inversion is a multi-parameter and high nonlinear problem. During the inversion, the strata over the target layer must be divided into many thin layers. The more thin layers are divided, the more parameters are needed to invert. Usually, the number of parameters is much larger than the actual data points, which makes the inversion an under-determined equation. Actually, the several adjacent thin layers will be the parts of a same geological unit. The paper therefore proposed a new method for Rayleigh wave inverting based on geological unit merging into a super unit. Simultaneously, the Bayesian estimation was introduced to determine if the adjacent thin layers could be merged into larger ones. The synthetic model testing demonstrated that the new method is feasible and can effectively improve the accuracy of the inversion.

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Christal, Jenny, Hal Whitehead, and Erland Lettevall. "Sperm whale social units: variation and change." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-087.

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Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) photoidentification data spanning 12 years of study around the Galápagos Islands were examined to investigate the size, variability, and stability of social units. Adult females and immature whales of both sexes have two types of associates: "constant companions," which are members of an individual's "stable" social unit, and "casual acquaintances," which are temporarily associating members of different units. We analysed long-term association patterns and calculated that individuals have a mean of 11.3 constant companions. Estimated social unit size ranged from 3 to 24 individuals. Evidence of splitting and merging of units and of transfer of individuals between units is presented. The estimated overall frequency of these unit-membership changes is 6.3% per individual per year. These forms of unit dynamics are rare in species with male dispersal and matrilineally related social groups, and cannot be easily explained in this species. There is considerable variation in unit size (perhaps caused by demographic processes), suggesting that the benefits of remaining in a social unit usually outweigh selection for some optimal unit size. However, the occurrence of merging and transfers suggests that the ecological or social cost/benefit of leaving one's matrilineal unit may sometimes outweigh the cost/benefit of staying.

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Wannous, Toman, Jurák, and Wasserbauer. "Analysis of IEC 61850-9-2LE Measured Values Using a Neural Network." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091618.

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Process bus communication has an important role to digitalize substations. The IEC 61850-9-2 standard specifies the requirements to transmit digital data over Ethernet networks. The paper analyses the impact of IEC 61850-9-2LE on physical protections with (analog-digital) input data of voltage and current. With the increased interaction between physical devices and communication components, the test proposes a communication analysis for a substation with the conventional method (analog input) and digital method based on the IEC 61850 standard. The use of IEC 61850 as the basis for smart grids includes the use of merging units (MUs) and deployment of relays based on microprocessors. The paper analyses the merging unit's functions for relays using IEC 61850-9-2LE. The proposed method defines the sampled measured values source and analysis of the traffic. By using neural net pattern recognition that solves the pattern recognition problem, a relation between the inputs (number of samples/ms—interval time between the packets) and the source of the data is found. The benefit of this approach is to reduce the time to test the merging unit by getting the feedback from the merging unit and using the neural network to get the data structure of the publisher IED. Tests examine the GOOSE message and performance using the IEC standard based on a network traffic perspective.

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Soares, Alexei S., Yusuke Yamada, Jean Jakoncic, Sean McSweeney, Robert M. Sweet, John Skinner, James Foadi, et al. "Serial crystallography with multi-stage merging of thousands of images." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 78, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x22006422.

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KAMO and BLEND provide particularly effective tools to automatically manage the merging of large numbers of data sets from serial crystallography. The requirement for manual intervention in the process can be reduced by extending BLEND to support additional clustering options such as the use of more accurate cell distance metrics and the use of reflection-intensity correlation coefficients to infer `distances' among sets of reflections. This increases the sensitivity to differences in unit-cell parameters and allows clustering to assemble nearly complete data sets on the basis of intensity or amplitude differences. If the data sets are already sufficiently complete to permit it, one applies KAMO once and clusters the data using intensities only. When starting from incomplete data sets, one applies KAMO twice, first using unit-cell parameters. In this step, either the simple cell vector distance of the original BLEND or the more sensitive NCDist is used. This step tends to find clusters of sufficient size such that, when merged, each cluster is sufficiently complete to allow reflection intensities or amplitudes to be compared. One then uses KAMO again using the correlation between reflections with a common hkl to merge clusters in a way that is sensitive to structural differences that may not have perturbed the unit-cell parameters sufficiently to make meaningful clusters. Many groups have developed effective clustering algorithms that use a measurable physical parameter from each diffraction still or wedge to cluster the data into categories which then can be merged, one hopes, to yield the electron density from a single protein form. Since these physical parameters are often largely independent of one another, it should be possible to greatly improve the efficacy of data-clustering software by using a multi-stage partitioning strategy. Here, one possible approach to multi-stage data clustering is demonstrated. The strategy is to use unit-cell clustering until the merged data are sufficiently complete and then to use intensity-based clustering. Using this strategy, it is demonstrated that it is possible to accurately cluster data sets from crystals that have subtle differences.

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McCarthy, Claudine. "Weigh the pros, cons of merging academic, student affairs into same unit." Student Affairs Today 21, no. 8 (October 19, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/say.30531.

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Torres-Flores, Sergio, Claudia Mendes de Oliveira, Mayte Alfaro-Cuello, Eleazar Rodrigo Carrasco, Duilia de Mello, and Philippe Amram. "A 3D analysis of the metal distribution in the compact group of galaxies HCG 31." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S309 (July 2014): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314010539.

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AbstractWe present new Gemini/GMOS integral field unit observations of the central region of the merging compact group of galaxies HCG 31. Using this data set, we derive the oxygen abundances for the merging galaxies HCG 31A and HCG 31C. We found a smooth metallicity gradient between the nuclei of these galaxies, suggesting a mixing of metals between these objects. These results are confirmed by high-resolution Fabry-Perot data, from which we infer that gas is flowing between HCG 31A and HCG 31C.

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Mughal, Ehsan Ullah, and Dietmar Kuck. "Merging tribenzotriquinacene with hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene: a cycloheptatriene unit generated by Scholl reaction." Chemical Communications 48, no. 71 (2012): 8880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc34245f.

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Muntasir, Muntasir, and Amru Alba. "Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Peleburan Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas Pendidikan Pada Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Aceh Utara." HUMANIS: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara 5, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52137/humanis.v6i1.02.

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Educational development must be carried out thoughtfully, following the principles of good governance which is transparent, effective, and efficient. Education becomes a solution for the intellectual life of the nation and a key enabler for sustainable development. Realizing this principle of efficiency and effectiveness, the government adopted a policy of merging 15 Education Technical Implementation Units (UPTD) at the North Aceh Education and Culture Office. The research found that in North Aceh District, 15 UPTD were merged into the Education and Culture Office, which disrupted 30 structural officials losing their positions, and 90 honorary staffs are no longer receiving salaries. The study suggests that the local government should carefully and well-designed the regulations regarding the merging 15 Education Technical Implementation Units at the North Aceh regency. The accurate implementation of the policy will not sacrifice many teaching staff and administrative officers. However, we realize that the principle of efficiency for this task is to save the use of the education budget.

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Kaasa, Anneli. "Merging Hofstede, Schwartz, and Inglehart into a Single System." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 52, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220221211011244.

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There are various sets of cultural dimensions in the literature. Can they be merged into a single system? While previous studies have mainly compared different dimensions empirically, this article takes a conceptual approach and explains how Hofstede’s, Schwartz’s, and Inglehart’s models can be merged into one system. Instead of looking at dimensions from different sets one by one, this study uses a novel approach: each set of dimensions is viewed as one unit covering a certain space of values, norms, beliefs, attitudes, etc. The results make it possible to arrange three sets of dimensions into one visualized system and confirm several conclusions in the existing literature. Knowing how different models are related to each other allows easier comparisons of the results of studies using different sets of cultural dimensions as explanations of extraneous variables.

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Peregino, Elisha, Kristin Schoonover, and Emily Wasserman. "1290: EFFICACY OF IMPLEMENTING A UNIT-BASED PROCESS IN THE PICU: MERGING OUTSIDE RECORDS." Critical Care Medicine 46, no. 1 (January 2018): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000529293.49511.30.

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Rhea, Carter L., Laurie Rousseau-Nepton, Simon Prunet, Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo, R. Pierre Martin, Kathryn Grasha, Natalia Vale Asari, Théophile Bégin, Benjamin Vigneron, and Myriam Prasow-Émond. "A Machine-learning Approach to Integral Field Unit Spectroscopy Observations. III. Disentangling Multiple Components in H ii Regions." Astrophysical Journal 923, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2c66.

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Abstract In the first two papers of this series, we demonstrated the dynamism of machine learning applied to optical spectral analysis by using neural networks to extract kinematic parameters and emission-line ratios directly from the spectra observed by the SITELLE instrument located at the Canada–France–Hawai’i Telescope. In this third installment, we develop a framework using a convolutional neural network trained on synthetic spectra to determine the number of line-of-sight components present in the SN3 filter (656–683 nm) spectral range of SITELLE. We compare this methodology to standard practice using Bayesian inference. Our results demonstrate that a neural network approach returns more accurate results and uses fewer computational resources over a range of spectral resolutions. Furthermore, we apply the network to SITELLE observations of the merging galaxy system NGC 2207/IC 2163. We find that the closest interacting sector and the central regions of the galaxies are best characterized by two line-of-sight components while the outskirts and spiral arms are well-constrained by a single component. Determining the number of resolvable components is crucial in disentangling different galactic components in merging systems and properly extracting their respective kinematics.

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Rabiu, A. M., E. J. Garba, B. Y. Baha, and M. I. Mukhtar. "Comparative Analysis between Selection Sort and Merge Sort Algorithms." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 29, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v29i1.5.

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Sorting and merging are two problems that commonly arise in Computer Science especially in data processing tasks. To solve these problems, several algorithms have been developed. Similarly, existing merge and sorting algorithms have been improved to provide more efficient and accurate results. In this paper, selection and merging algorithms were developed on an octa-core processing machine using System.nanoTime methods in Java in order to compare their running times. The results obtained show that Merge Sort performs far better than selection sort with careful implementations by taking advantage of multiple processing cores in the test machine and some concurrency utility in Java. It was concluded that implementing algorithms using a machine with multiple numbers of cores in their Central Processing Unit (CPU) will result in a significant improvement in the performance of both algorithms.

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Davis, T. A., A. Heiderman, and D. Iono. "Chemical complexity and star-formation in merging galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S292 (August 2012): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313001191.

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AbstractWhen galaxies merge the resulting conditions are some of the most extreme found anywhere in nature. Large gas flows, shocks and active black holes all can affect the ISM. Nearby merging galaxies with strong starbursts are the only places where we can conduct detailed study of star formation in conditions that mimic those under which the majority of stars in the universe formed. Here we study molecular gas tracers in 8 galaxies selected from the VIRUS-P Investigation of the eXtreme ENvironments of Starbursts (VIXENS) survey. Each galaxy has also been observed using the integral field unit spectrograph VIRUS-P, allowing us to investigate the relation between the chemical state of the gas, star formation and total gas content. Full details can be found in Heiderman et al. (2011). Here we report on new results obtained from IRAM-30m/NRO-45m 3mm line surveys towards 14 positions in these 8 merging galaxies. We detect ≈ 25 different molecular transitions towards these objects, many which have never been observed in these galaxies before. Our measurements show that the mean fraction of dense gas increases in later-stage mergers (Fig. 1, left), as does the average optical depth of the gas. Molecular diagnostic diagrams (Fig. 1, right) show that molecular regions we probe are, in general, UV photon dominated. Triggered AGN activity, and/or cosmic ray ionisation (from SNe II in the starburst) are not yet energetically important in determining the state of the gas.

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Bruns, W., and J. Gubeladze. "Polytopes and 𝐾-Theory." gmj 11, no. 4 (December 2004): 655–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gmj.2004.655.

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Abstract This is an overview of results from our experiment of merging two seemingly unrelated disciplines – higher algebraic 𝐾-theory of rings and the theory of lattice polytopes. The usual 𝐾-theory is the “theory of a unit simplex”. A conjecture is proposed on the structure of higher polyhedral 𝐾-groups for certain class of polytopes for which the coincidence of Quillen's and Volodin's theories is known.

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齐, 慧. "Research on the Calibration Method for Merging Unit of the Smart Substation with Analogue Input." Journal of Electrical Engineering 03, no. 04 (2015): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jee.2015.34017.

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Mughal, Ehsan Ullah, and Dietmar Kuck. "ChemInform Abstract: Merging Tribenzotriquinacene with Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene: A Cycloheptatriene Unit Generated by Scholl Reaction." ChemInform 43, no. 49 (November 19, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201249097.

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Andreetto, Paolo, Fabrizio Chiarello, Fulvia Costa, Alberto Crescente, Sergio Fantinel, Federica Fanzago, Ervin Konomi, et al. "Merging OpenStack-based private clouds: the case of CloudVeneto.it." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 07010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921407010.

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The Cloud Area Padovana, deployed in 2014, is a scientific IaaS cloud, spread between two different sites: the INFN Padova Unit and the INFN Legnaro National Labs. It provides about 1100 logical cores and 50 TB of storage. The entire computing facility, owned by INFN, satisfies the computational and storage demands of more than 100 users belonging to about 30 research projects, mainly related to HEP and nuclear physics. The Padova data centre also has hosted and operated since 2015 an independent IaaS cloud managing network, storage and computing resources owned by 10 departments of the University of Padova, supporting a broader range of scientific and engineering disciplines. This infrastructure provides about 480 logical cores and 90 TB of storage and supports more than 40 research projects. These two clouds share only a limited set of ICT services and tools (mainly for configuration, monitoring and accounting), whereas their daily operations and maintenance are carried out separately by INFN and University personnel. At the end of 2017 we planned to merge the two infrastructures in order to optimise the use of resources (both human and ICT) and to avoid useless duplication of services. We discuss here how we plan to implement this integration, resulting in a single cloud infrastructure named CloudVeneto.it.

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Gu, Weiying, Yiyong Chen, and Muye Dai. "Measuring Community Greening Merging Multi-Source Geo-Data." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041104.

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Urban residential greening provides opportunities for social integration and physical exercise. These activities are beneficial to promoting citizens’ mental health, relieving stress, and reducing obesity and violent crimes. However, how to measure the distribution and spatial difference of green resources in urban residential areas have been controversial. This study takes the greening of urban residential units in Shenzhen City as its research object, measures the various greening index values of each residential unit, and analyses the spatial distribution characteristics of residential greening, regional differences, and influencing factors. A large sample of street view pictures, urban land use and high-resolution remote sensing image data are employed to establish an urban residential greening database containing 14,196 residential units. This study proposes three greening indicators, namely, green coverage index, green view index, and accessible public green land index, for measuring the green coverage of residential units, the visible greening of surrounding street space and the public green land around, respectively. Results show that (1) the greening level of residential units in Shenzhen City is generally high, with the three indicators averaging 32.7%, 30.5%, and 15.1%, respectively; (2) the types of residential greening differ per area; and (3) the level of residential greening is affected by development intensity, location, elevation and residential type. Such findings can serve as a reference for improving the greening level of residential units. This study argues that one indicator alone cannot measure the greenness of a residential community. It proposes an accessible public green land index as a measure for the spatial relationship between residential units and green lands. It suggests that future green space planning should pay more attention to the spatial distribution of green land, and introduce quantitative indicators to ensure sufficient green lands around the walking range of residential areas.

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Kobayashi, Leslie M., Elliot Williams, Carlos V. Brown, Brent J. Emigh, Vishal Bansal, Jayraan Badiee, Kyle D. Checchi, Edward M. Castillo, and Jay Doucet. "The e-merging e-pidemic of e-scooters." Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 4, no. 1 (July 2019): e000337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2019-000337.

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IntroductionSince their release in 2017, standing electric motorized scooters (eScooters) have risen in popularity as an alternative mode of transportation. We sought to examine the incidence of injury, injury patterns, prevalence of helmet and drug and alcohol use in eScooter trauma.MethodsThis was a multi-institutional retrospective case series of patients admitted for injuries related to operation of an eScooter following the widespread release of these devices in September 2017 (September 1, 2017 to October 31, 2018). Demographics, drug and alcohol use, helmet use, admission vitals, injuries, procedures, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), death, and disposition were analyzed.Results103 patients were admitted during the study period, and monthly admissions increased significantly over time. Patients were young men (mean age 37.1 years; 65% male), 98% were not wearing a helmet. Median LOS was 1 day (IQR 1–3). 79% of patients were tested for alcohol and 48% had a blood alcohol level >80 mg/dL. 60% of patients had a urine toxicology screen, of which 52% were positive. Extremity fractures were the most frequent injury (42%), followed by facial fractures (26%) and intracranial hemorrhage (18%). Median Injury Severity Score was 5.5 (IQR 5–9). One-third of patients (n=34) required an operative intervention, the majority of which were open fixations of extremity and facial fractures. No patients died during the study. The majority of patients were discharged home (86%).ConclusioneScooter-related trauma has significantly increased over time. Alcohol and illicit substance use among these patients was common, and helmet use was extremely rare. Significant injuries including intracranial hemorrhage and fractures requiring operative intervention were present in over half (51%) of patients. Interventions aimed at increasing helmet use and discouraging eScooter operation while intoxicated are necessary to reduce the burden of eScooter-related trauma.Level of evidenceLevel IV.

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Nguyen, Thien, Huu Nguyen, and Phuoc Tran. "Mixed-Level Neural Machine Translation." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2020 (November 29, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8859452.

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Building the first Russian-Vietnamese neural machine translation system, we faced the problem of choosing a translation unit system on which source and target embeddings are based. Available homogeneous translation unit systems with the same translation unit on the source and target sides do not perfectly suit the investigated language pair. To solve the problem, in this paper, we propose a novel heterogeneous translation unit system, considering linguistic characteristics of the synthetic Russian language and the analytic Vietnamese language. Specifically, we decrease the embedding level on the source side by splitting token into subtokens and increase the embedding level on the target side by merging neighboring tokens into supertoken. The experiment results show that the proposed heterogeneous system improves over the existing best homogeneous Russian-Vietnamese translation system by 1.17 BLEU. Our approach could be applied to building translation bots for language pairs with different linguistic characteristics.

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Bi, Rujia, Yan Jiao, Can Zhou, and Eric Hallerman. "A Bayesian spatiotemporal approach to inform management unit appropriateness." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 2 (February 2019): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0526.

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One prerequisite for sustainable fisheries management is to match management actions with biological processes. Stocks are fundamental units for fisheries management. Understanding the spatial structure of fish stocks is critical for conducting defensible stock assessments, applying efficient management strategies, and ensuring the sustainability of fish stocks. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) is an important fishery in the Great Lakes. The appropriateness of its management units (MUs) has been identified as of high concern by the Great Lakes Fisheries Commission. Here we established integrated nested Laplace approximations and stochastic partial differential equations as two powerful tools for modeling spatiotemporal patterns of fish relative biomass. These fast computational approaches were applied to fit a Bayesian hierarchical hurdle model to occurrence and positive mass of yellow perch caught in gill-net surveys. Yellow perch relative biomass index has clear temporal variation and spatial heterogeneity, with the two middle MUs for yellow perch within Lake Erie merging together. The method explicitly models the spatiotemporal correlation structure inherent in biomass survey data at a reasonable computational cost, and the estimated spatiotemporal correlation informs stock structure.

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Zhang, Zheng, Yi Zhang, Guanmin Zhang, and Maocheng Tian. "The bubble breakup process and behavior in T-type microchannels." Physics of Fluids 35, no. 1 (January 2023): 013319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0131748.

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A double T-type microchannel consisting of two T-junctions is used as the base unit of tree-like microchannels. Studying the breakup process and behavior of bubbles in T-type microchannels can help enhance the capability of microfluidic systems and microchannel heat exchangers. In this study, the bubble breakup process in a double T-type microchannel was simulated using a volume of fluid model via numerical simulation. The simulation results show a total of five regimes of bubble breakup with capillary numbers between 0.001 and 0.008 and dimensionless bubble lengths between 1 and 9, which are the non-breakup, “tunnel” breakup, obstructed breakup, merging symmetric breakup, and merging non-breakup. These five breakup regimes were studied in detail. At a high velocity of the gas phase and with a small size of the generated bubble, the bubble does not break up. Symmetric breakup regimes can be divided into two regimes: tunnel breakup and obstructed breakup. Shear force plays a significant role in the tunnel breakup regime. The obstructed breakup regime is mainly caused by the increase in pressure at the T-junction, which elongates and makes the bubble break up. In the merging symmetrical breakup regime, the bubble has a tunnel breakup process at the beginning. The shear force is small and cannot break up the bubble. The merged bubble breaks up under the action of the obstructed breakup regime. Bubbles are in the merging non-breakup regime mainly because they are too long to break up.

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Lee, SeungHwan, HanJun Kim, and BeomHee Lee. "An Efficient Rescue System with Online Multi-Agent SLAM Framework." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010235.

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A novel and an efficient rescue system with a multi-agent simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) framework is proposed to reduce the rescue time while rescuing the people trapped inside a burning building. In this study, the truncated signed distance (TSD) based SLAM algorithm is employed to accurately construct a two-dimensional map of the surroundings. For a new and significantly different scenario, information is gathered and the general iterative closest point method (GICP) is directly employed instead of the conventional TSD-SLAM process. Rescuers can utilize a total map created by merging individual maps, allowing them to efficiently search for victims. For online map merging, it is essential to determine the timing of when the individual maps are merged and the extent to which one map reflects the other map, via the weights. In the several experiments conducted, a light-detection and ranging system and an inertial measurement unit were integrated into a smart helmet for rescuers. The results indicated that the map was built more accurately than that obtained using the conventional TSD-SLAM. Additionally, the merged map was built more correctly by determining proper parameters for online map merging. Consequently, the accurate merged map allows rescuers to search for victims efficiently.

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Qu, Bao Zhang, Yu Liu, Bi Hong Lu, Yu Zhang, and Hong Bo Zhang. "Working Mechanism of Brake Unit on Railway Vehicle and its MBD Simulation Experiment." Key Engineering Materials 579-580 (September 2013): 901–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.579-580.901.

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The safety and reliability of railway vehicle braking system is put forward higher requirement for railway speed increasing. Compared with domestic product, foreign disc brake unit has obvious advantage on compactness of structure, stability of braking pad friction coefficient, braking power, safety and reliability etc. Thus, the research has theoretical significance and engineering value. Firstly, the working principle of disc brake unit is obtained by performing spatial mechanisms analysis of some imported disc brake unit and adjuster structure, then using MBD (Multi-body Dynamics) simulation software, by importing the geometric model of brake unit into RecurDyn, to make preprocess of simplifying and merging and add constraints and contact relation, driving control functions, etc, finally to establish a simulation experiment model. The working characteristic of the brake unit and adjuster's displacement curve of clearance compensation is obtained through the braking and releasing simulation results of braking pad before and after wear out. The research results provide a method based on virtual prototype for analyzing and validating working mechanism of disc brake unit.

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Li, Zhen Kun, Jing Jing Zhao, Hui Ji, and Yang Fu. "Phase Compensation Method for Electronic Instrument Transformers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.641.

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A phase compensation method based on signal transfer principle of electronic transformer is presented. The causes of phase error in electronic transformer are analyzed. The phase-delay caused by Rogowski coil and time-delay in signal transferring process from high voltage side to merging unit are analyzed. A phase compensation method is proposed based on high sampling rate and linear interpolation. The simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed compensation method for electronic transformers.

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Petrilli, Christopher M., Elisabetta Mantengoli, Sanjay Saint, Karen E. Fowler, and Alessandro Bartoloni. "The effect of merging two infectious disease units on hand hygiene adherence in Italy." Journal of Infection Prevention 18, no. 3 (February 8, 2017): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757177416687830.

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Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are common and harmful to patients. Effective hand hygiene can help prevent HAIs, however, suboptimal healthcare worker hand hygiene remains problematic across the globe. This study analyses the impact of organisational changes on hand hygiene. Methods: This observational study assessed hand hygiene by different professions before and after a merger of a recently combined infectious diseases (ID) unit coupled with a qualitative study about barriers to optimal hand hygiene. Direct observations were compared with previous data collected on both units before they merged. We also conducted focus groups with the doctors and nurses about hand hygiene. Results: After two ID units merged in 2013, we observed 681 provider–patient interactions. We compared these with a previous observation period in 2012. Hand hygiene adherence among nurses significantly declined after the merger (from 36% to 24%, P <0.001). However, adherence among doctors increased from 51% to 63% after the merger ( P = 0.004). Data from the focus groups revealed a gap between doctor and nurses perceptions of education and goal adherence rates. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the important role played by effective unit leaders to prevent infection. We found long-term sustainability of hand hygiene practices among doctors. However, adherence among nurses was substantially lower.

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Wu, Qing, Xue Jun Liu, Xiao Bei Wang, and Yan Xiang Yang. "Structural and Fluid Flow Analysis of X-Style Blade Static Mixing Device." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 3072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.3072.

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A static mixing device with X-style blade structure is designed, and internal structure is described in this paper. Fluid flows through sparse X-style blade static mixing unit, and dense X-style blade static mixing unit. The fluid is subjected impact, separation, circumfluence and merging, and the mixing effects are augmented, and the applicable scope of the mixing device can be widened, and mixing can be more efficient, and structural size can be reduced. The actual turbulent flow inside the mixing units of the static mixing device will be taken into account. The paper can provide foundations for structural improvement, parameters design and optimization of X-style blade static mixing device.

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Hu, Xiao Dong, Qi Huang, Jie Wu, and Jing Shi. "Inherent Time-Delay Determination for Acquisition Module of Electronic Transformer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (October 2014): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.233.

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This paper presented an approach to measure the inherent time-delay for electronic transformer acquisition module. Traditionally, the inherent time-delay measure is a complex task and the accuracy is low. Based on the time-scale mobile and the DFT methods, in this paper, an inherent time-delay testing system has been designed to measure high accuracy time-delay in electronic transformer acquisition card and merging unit. Experiment studies are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Paul, R. M. "Merging With-Profits and Unit-Linked Life Funds in a Proprietary Company: Actuarial Considerations Based on a Case Study." British Actuarial Journal 2, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 623–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700003512.

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ABSTRACTIn the current financial climate takeovers of proprietary life companies by other life companies, amalgamations of mutuals and demutualisations have become more and more prevalent. However in respect of takeovers, the process does not end with the purchase, but normally results in the transfer of the long-term business of one of the companies to the other. To optimise synergy and administrative efficiency, there may be a need to reconstruct the amalgamated funds.The author has been involved as Appointed Actuary and internal project manager in such transfers of business within proprietary companies and has also acted as an independent actuary and as an external project manager for other transfers. One of these transfers involved four companies transacting both with-profits and unit-linked business in which the interests of both policyholders and shareholder had to be protected. He considered this transfer to be of sufficient interest to merit the preparation of a paper discussing the issues which arose. Although the paper is principally based on that transfer as a case study, relevant and related factors arising in other transfers have been included where appropriate, as have references to the role of the actuary before, during and after reconstruction.In the case study, the scheme of transfer and the associated reconstruction of corporate structure involved merging three separate with-profits funds, merging many unit-linked funds (including unitised with-profits) and, subject to appropriate compensation, rationalisation of the rights to surplus attributable to both with-profits policyholders and shareholder.

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Kumamoto, Jun, Michiko S. Fujii, and Ataru Tanikawa. "Unexpectedly high formation rate of merging binary black holes in open clusters." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S351 (May 2019): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319007129.

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AbstractGravitational wave direct detections suggest that 30 M⊙ binary black holes (BBHs) commonly exist in the universe. One possible formation scenario of such BBHs is dynamical three-body encounters in dense star clusters. We performed a series of direct N-body simulations with a mass of 2500 and 10000 M⊙ and found a new channel for the formation of BBHs which is dominant in open clusters. In open clusters, the core-collapse time is shorter than in globular clusters, and therefore massive main-sequence (MS) binaries can form before they evolve to BHs. These MS binaries experience common envelope evolution and evolve to hard BBHs, which can merge within the Hubble time. The number of BBH mergers per unit mass obtained from our simulations reached 20–50 % of that for globular clusters, assuming an initial cluster mass function. Thus, open clusters can be a dominant formation site of hard BBHs.

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Zrůbek, Lukáš, Anna Kučerová, and Martin Doškář. "WANG TILES LOCAL TILINGS CREATED BY MERGING EDGE-COMPATIBLE FINITE ELEMENT MESHES." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 13 (November 13, 2017): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.13.0162.

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In this contribution, we present the concept of Wang Tiles as a surrogate of the periodic unit cell method (PUC) for modelling of materials with heterogeneous microstructures and for synthesis of micro-mechanical fields. The concept is based on a set of specifically designed cells that compresses the stochastic microstructure into a small set of statistical volume elements – tiles. Tiles are placed side by side according to matching edges like in a game of domino. Opposite to the repeating pattern of PUC the Wang Tiles method with the stochastic tiling algorithm preserves the randomness for reconstructed microstructures. The same process is applied to obtain the micro-mechanical response of domains where the evaluation as one piece would be time consuming. Therefore the micro-mechanical quantities are evaluated only on tiles (with surrounding layers of tiles of each addressed tile included into the evaluation) and then synthesized to the micro-mechanical field of whole domain.

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Alfaro-Cuello, M., S. Torres-Flores, E. R. Carrasco, C. Mendes de Oliveira, D. F. de Mello, and P. Amram. "Probing the nature of the pre-merging system Hickson Compact Group 31 through integral field unit data." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 453, no. 2 (August 25, 2015): 1355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1632.

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Aminova, G. G. "WHAT NEED CONSIDER AS A STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE HUMAN LIVER?" Morphological newsletter 26, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.18(26).04.35-38.

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The article discusses the issues of structural and functional organization of the human liver. The analysis of classical ideas in this problem is carried out and their shortcomings are shown. The data of a number of authors are presented in whose works on the reconstruction of the hepatic lobules in humans and cats it was shown that the liver parenchyma consists of complexes of the hepatic lobules. Each complex of hepatic lobules is a combination of 2-4 classic lobules, united by one common base. The central veins in the lobules of the complex begin with the 2nd third of the length of the lobule. Merging, they form a collective vein located in the common base of the lobules. The hepatic lobule complex is morphologically and functionally combined. Separate classic hepatic lobule in the liver is rare. The author proves that portal lobules and hepatic acini do not exist as real morphological structures, since their volumetric reconstruction cannot be created.

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Hua, Liang, Jiaen Qi, Wei Huang, Sijiang Zhang, Feng Gao, and Shengjiang Peng. "An improved simulated load test system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2093, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2093/1/012019.

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Abstract A miniaturized analog load-checking relay protection test device is developed in this paper, in which a high-precision wireless phase volt-ampere test device is configured. This device, characterized by intelligence and ease of operation, realizes the detection of the transformation ratio, polarity, phase, etc. of the secondary wiring of the transformer in the smart substation merging unit and the conventional substation. It meets the testing requirements of smart substations, and can test bus differential protection, line protection, and various protections such as main transformer differential.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Merging Unit'

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