Academic literature on the topic 'Meristic characters'
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Journal articles on the topic "Meristic characters"
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P, Raja, Muthukrishnan S, and Joseph Antony Reneese. "Morphometric Characters and Meristic Counts of Mastacembelus armatus (Lacebede, 1800) from Maruthur Anicut, Tirunelveli District, India." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 17 (2024): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i174359.
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The present study highlights about morphometric measurement and meristic count of Mastacembelus armatus (Lacebede, 1800) collected from the Maruthur wetland ecosystem have been investigated with 23 specimens to observe the relationship between morphometric characters. Identification of species is an initial step in any research work and plays a vital role in the behavioural study. Morphometric character analysis and meristic counts are considered as simplest and authentic methods for fish species identification which is termed as morphological systematics. Fourteen different morphometric characters in percentage of total fish length (9 characters), head length (5 characters), and five different meristic counts (branched and unbranched rays) have been studied. The obtained result reveals that morphometric characters vary depending on the growth and size of the fish. However, the meristic counts were comparatively similar. All the characters show a positive correlation both in the percentage of total length and head length. The different morphometric and meristic counts of M. armatus have been analyzed for the population dynamics which includes taxonomy study and proper identification of fishes. The fin formula was calculated for some hard rays and soft rays. Therefore, this study supplement additional data for the identification of the fish species.
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Beacham, Terry D. "A genetic analysis of meristic and morphometric variation in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) at three different temperatures." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 2 (1990): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-033.
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A nested mating design was used in which 10 males were mated with 20 female chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), and individuals from each of the 20 families were maintained at 6, 10, and 14 °C from egg fertilization until juveniles reached a fork length of about 61 mm. Variation in 11 morphometric and 3 meristic characters was evaluated. Rearing temperature had a marked effect on juvenile morphometric variation, enough to assign correctly 91% of the juveniles reared at 14 °C, 90% of the juveniles reared at 10 °C, and 95% of the juveniles reared at 6 °C. The addition of meristic character variation increased the classification accuracy to 97, 92, and 96%, respectively. As rearing temperatures increased, the observed levels of fluctuating asymmetry for the three meristic characters increased. Morphometric characters tended to have lower heritabilities than did meristic characters. Genotype–temperature interactions generally accounted for between 10 and 30% of observed phenotypic variation for most characters.
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Mamangkey, Jefry Jack, Utari Satiman, and Stella Taulu. "POPULATION DIVERSITY BASED ON MORPHOMETRIC MERISTIC ENDEMIC BUTINI FISH (Glossogobius matanensis) IN LAKE TOWUTI, SOUTH SULAWESI." Indonesian Biodiversity Journal 3, no. 3 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53682/ibj.v3i3.5753.
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Butini fish is a resource wealth of fauna found only in the East Complex Malili Luwu, South Sulawesi. The necessary information about the morphological characters (morphometric and meristic) to determine the management of fish resources. The purpose is to assess the diversity of populations based on morphometric meristik. Sampling is based on descriptive methods and fish samples taken to determine the diversity of phenotypes based on the depth of each morphometric character. Calculating morphometric characters using the main component analysis to obtain the correlation between the character and the grouping of individuals based on morphometric characters. Calculation meristik characters include the number of fingers, the number of fins and scales, namely the number of fingers of the dorsal fin, anal fin radius, the radius of the ventral fin, pectoral fin radius, the radius of the caudal fin, scales on the rib line, scales above the rib line, scales below the ribs, scales in front of the dorsal fins, scales on the cheeks, around the body scales, scales around the tail shaft. The analysis showed that the first two principal components contained the greatest information, with a cumulative range of 80%. All the characters' morphometric first role is a major component. The character who plays the main component of the length of the head in front of the eyes, long upper jaw, lower jaw length, high cheeks, and the length of the radius of a weak base ventral fins showed great correlation to the diversity of forms. Main components analysis also showed that butini fish, at any depth, showed no grouping. This suggests that the fish species observed was one (one unit of population). In calculating the value of phenotypic diversity of each character, butini generally fish in the lake Towuti show morphometric characters with the highest diversity value and the lowest given by the total length and high under the eyes. In the calculation of the formula derived characters meristik flipper fingers that D1, V-VI. D2. I, 8-11; dan D1, V-VI, D2. I, 8-10.
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Sufaichusan, Ifa, Septiana Sri Astuti, Akhsan Fikrillah Paricahya, et al. "Integrative Morphological Analysis of Berod Fish (Mastacembelus unicolor) in the Brantas River, East Java." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 10, no. 11 (2024): 9690–99. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i11.7978.
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Mastacembelus sp., a member of the Mastacembelidae family, is distributed across Java, Sumatera, and Kalimantan. Mastacembelus, locally named berod fish in the Brantas River lacks population’s descriptions and morphological analyses. Morphological analyses, including morphometric and meristic descriptions, are important for precise identification and classification of kinship relationships, serving as a cornerstone in the fields of biology, taxonomy, and conservation. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive morphometric and meristic identification of the berod fish population in the Brantas River, East Java. A total of 37 samples were collected from 6 different locations: Blitar, Tulungagung, Kediri1, Kediri2, Nganjuk, and Mojokerto. The morphometric measurements were based on 25 characters, while the meristic calculations were based on 6 characters. The data analyzed with PCA and CA using SPSS and PAST programs. The results revealed that berod fish in the Brantas River had morphological characters belongs to the Mastacembelus unicolor. However, notable disparities were observed in meristic characters, particularly in the Dorsal Fin Spines (DFS). PCA analysis showed significant differences in morphometric characters but not supported by meristic characters. These results underscore the importance of integration both morphological and meristic analyses for a comprehensive understanding of the berod fish population.
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Turan, Cemal. "Stock identification of Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) using morphometric and meristic characters." ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, no. 5 (2004): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.05.001.
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Abstract Morphologic differentiation among stocks of Mediterranean horse mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus, throughout the Black, Marmara, Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean Seas, was investigated using morphometric and meristic characters. Discriminant function analysis of both morphometric and meristic characters suggested that there is restricted migration of mackerel among the adjacent seas. Overlapping of four Black sea samples on the discriminant space in morphometric and meristic characters suggested that there is one self-recruiting population in the area. The Marmara sea samples were the most isolated samples from all others for both morphometric and meristic characters, which may indicate existence of a distinguishable mackerel stock in the area. The sample from the Aegean Sea was grouped with one geographically close Mediterranean sample based on morphometrics, and separated from all other Mediterranean samples based on meristic characters, suggesting some degree of intermingling between these areas. Examination of the contribution of each morphometric variable to canonical functions indicated that differences among samples seemed to be associated with the anterior part of the body. In meristic analyses, highest contributions to canonical functions were associated with the number of gill rakers and pectoral fin rays.
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Bal, Habib, Telat Yanik, and Dilek Türker. "Assessment of morphological variation between stocks of bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Pomatomidae), in the Aegean Sea, Black Sea, and Sea of Marmara." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 51, no. 1 (2021): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aiep.51.63319.
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The population structure of the bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766), in Turkish waters is scarcely described in the literature. To identify any distinct population units of bluefish, and reaffirm the findings of a previous study, four areas were selected: the Aegean Sea, western Black Sea, eastern Black Sea, and the Sea of Marmara. In this study, truss network morphometrics, meristics, and otolith shape analyses were successfully applied for different population identification of the bluefish. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed no differences for truss network morphometrics, meristic, and otolith shape characters between males and females. Hence, both sexes were combined for the discriminant function (DFA) and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Using univariate ANOVA based on the stepwise method revealed a highly significant difference among different locations for each truss-morphometrics and otolith shape characters. Furthermore, six out of seven meristic characters also showed significant differences between different areas. Based on PCA, 25 out of 27 truss-morphometric characters had a loading value above 0.70, which was considered significant in this study. The results of DFA show clear patterns of truss-morphometric character variations, forming four distinct clusters that were well separated from each other, indicating the existence of four morphologically differentiated populations of the bluefish. The proportion of the correctly classified Aegean Sea, western Black Sea, and eastern Black Sea bluefish samples to their original groups were 100%, demonstrating clear separation of these stocks from each other. Whereas up to 5% of the total samples of the Sea of Marmara were incorrectly classified, assigning to the eastern Black Sea. These findings were supported by meristic and otolith shape characters that also indicated four morphologically differentiated populations of the bluefish. However, their overall proportion of correct classification was relatively lower than the truss-morphometric traits method. The findings suggest the requirement of strategic assessment and management of each bluefish stock separately to use them sustainably in the future.
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Delling, Bo, Andrea Sabatini, Stephane Muracciole, Christelle Tougard, and Patrick Berrebi. "Morphologic and genetic characterisation of Corsican and Sardinian trout with comments on Salmo taxonomy." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 421 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020013.
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Both morphological and molecular data are presented and discussed for indigenous Salmo sp. from Corsica and Sardinia, here called Tyrrhenian trout. For comparison, morphological data obtained from museum specimens, including the Algerian S. macrostigma, are discussed in the light of recent and new molecular findings. In total, 29 measurements and 20 meristic characters were taken from each specimen. Out of the meristic characters, 12 were obtained by means of X-ray. One important morphometric character in the present study is the size of the head measured from premaxilla to posterior margin of preoperculum. This character was particularly stable in all Tyrrhenian trout, showing relatively large head compared to Atlantic trout and to S. macrostigma. On the contrary, other characters like body punctuations, black and white edges of fins, body depth or number of epurals in the caudal skeleton are quite polymorphic. In certain meristic characters, range of variation of Tyrrhenian trout even exceeds that of the extensive comparative material. Each trout has been genetically characterized. New haplotypes from Tyrrhenian trout were discovered, belonging to three mitochondrial lineages viz. Adriatic, marble and Mediterranean, however, Adriatic haplotypes are dominant. Comparing morphological and genetic data, observed morphology lacks any obvious correlation to mitochondrial lineages and it is concluded that Tyrrhenian trout show no particular affinity to S. macrostigma from Algeria.
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Ottoni, Felipe, and Wilson Costa. "Description of a new species of Laetacara KULLANDER,1986 from central Brazil and re-description of Laetacara dorsigera (HECKEL,1840) (Labroidei: Cichlidae: Cichlasomatinae)." Vertebrate Zoology 59, no. 1 (2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.59.e30946.
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A new species of Laetacara is described from the rio Verde, rio Araguaia basin, São Miguel do Araguaia, Goiás, Brazil; L. dorsigera is re-described. The new species from the rio Verde, rio Araguaia differs from all the species of the genus by its low dorsal-fin ray number. It is distinguished from L. thayeri by the presence of a caudal-fin peduncle spot and by the presence of cycloid scales on side of head. The new species also differs from L. fulvipinnis and L. fl avilabris by some meristic characters. It differs from L. dorsigera by a narrow ectopterygoid and by some meristic characters, and from L. curviceps and L. dorsigera by the lack of a spot on dorsal fin. Laetacara dorsigera differs from L. curviceps and the new species from the rio Verde, rio Araguaia basin by a wide ectopterygoid and by some meristic and morphometric characters; it is distinguished from the other species of the genus by some morphometric and meristic characters.
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Ottoni, Felipe, and Wilson Costa. "Description of a new species of Laetacara KULLANDER,1986 from central Brazil and re-description of Laetacara dorsigera (HECKEL,1840) (Labroidei: Cichlidae: Cichlasomatinae)." Vertebrate Zoology 59 (May 15, 2009): 41–48. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.59.e30946.
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A new species of Laetacara is described from the rio Verde, rio Araguaia basin, São Miguel do Araguaia, Goiás, Brazil; L. dorsigera is re-described. The new species from the rio Verde, rio Araguaia differs from all the species of the genus by its low dorsal-fin ray number. It is distinguished from L. thayeri by the presence of a caudal-fin peduncle spot and by the presence of cycloid scales on side of head. The new species also differs from L. fulvipinnis and L. fl avilabris by some meristic characters. It differs from L. dorsigera by a narrow ectopterygoid and by some meristic characters, and from L. curviceps and L. dorsigera by the lack of a spot on dorsal fin. Laetacara dorsigera differs from L. curviceps and the new species from the rio Verde, rio Araguaia basin by a wide ectopterygoid and by some meristic and morphometric characters; it is distinguished from the other species of the genus by some morphometric and meristic characters.
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Rahayuningsih, Margareta, Winda Rahmawati, and Amir Hamidy. "Analysis of The Morphological Characteristics of Bush Frog Philautus spp. Gistel, 1848 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Mount Ungaran." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 13, no. 2 (2021): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i2.31298.
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Traditionally, the genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 contains small Rhacoporid frogs that lack vomerine teeth and a direct development tadpole stage. In Java, this genus consists of 3 species, including Philautus aurifasciatus, Philautus jacobsoni, and Philautus pallidipes. It is known that Philautus aurifasciatus and Philautus jacobsoni are sympatric species from Mount Ungaran and are morphologically difficult to distinguish. Therefore, information is needed through the phenetic characters of each population in the area to identify differences in their morphology. This study aimed to analyze the morphological characteristics of Bush Frog Philautus spp. on Mount Ungaran in terms of meristic character through a direct field survey and comparison methods. Furthermore, it was conducted by observing 32 specimens of Philautus spp. from Mount Ungaran and compared with the Philautus aurifasciatus from Mount Gede Pangrango with 18 meristic characters. The results showed that Philautus spp. is similar to Philautus aurifasciatus in terms of their meristic characters. The results of the meristic analysis showed that Philautus spp. has a variety of dorsal colors from brown, purple, green, and gray with two types of patterns including patterned groups (resembling letters H, X, and V) and abstract. Furthermore, the throat, stomach, and lower thighs are granular with three snout shapes (protruding, round, and sloping). It has a loreal oblique tympanum and canthus rostralis. The forelimbs are not webbed while the hindlimbs are half webbed, and the inner metatarsal is an elongated oval in shape. Meristic analysis provides a basis for strengthening the taxonomic status of Philautus spp on Mount Ungaran, as well as information the distribution in Mount Ungaran.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Meristic characters"
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Alvunger, David. "Variation in number of vertebrae in populations of pike (Esox lucius) in the south-east of Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-58621.
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Antalet ryggkotor varierar kraftigt mellan olika taxa, men också inom arter eller populationer. Omfattande forskning har visat att antalet ryggkotor hos fisk är resultatet av interaktioner mellan genetisk struktur och plastiska svar på miljöbetingelser under individens ontogeni. Ett vanligt mönster är tendensen för antalet ryggkotor att variera med kroppsform och/eller kroppslängd hos fisken. Gäddan (Esox lucius) i Östersjön har en komplex populationsstruktur, bestående av flera genetiskt distinkta subpopulationer, vilka utgörs av anadroma individer som uppvisar ett homing-beteende. Individer som tillhör dessa subpopulationer är sympatriska större delen av året och blir allopatriska endast kortvarigt under tiden för lek. Den här studien undersökte fördelningen av antalet ryggkotor hos tre anadroma sympatriska subpopulationer av gädda iÖstersjön. Signifikanta skillnader i fördelningen av antalet ryggkotor hittades både inom och mellan alla undersökta subpopulationer och åldersklasser. Resultaten från ett ”common-garden” experiment antydde att skillnader i antalet ryggkotor mellan olika subpopulationer delvis hade en genetisk basis, vilket indikerar möjligheten för selektion att verka på denna egenskap, och en potentiellt evolutionär förändring. En kvadratisk regression visade på ett kurvilinjärt samband mellan antalet ryggkotor och kroppslängd hos juveniler. Tillsammans tyfrt dessa resultat på att de kombinerade effekterna av stabiliserande och divergent selektion kan ha spelat en roll i fördelningen av antalet ryggkotor hos gäddan i Östersjön. Fördelningen av antalet ryggkotor inom subpopulationer verkar vara under inflytande av stabiliserande selektion. Skillnader mellan subpopulationer kan istället reflektera lokala anpassningar som drivs av divergent selektion. Dessa fynd signalerar behovet av att betrakta varje subpopulation som en egen enhet i bevarandebiologiska sammanhang.<br>Vertebral number (VN) is known to vary greatly across different taxa, but also within species orpopulations. Extensive research has shown that VN in fish is the result of interactions between geneticstructure and plastic responses to environmental cues during ontogeny. A frequently reported pattern is the tendency for VN to vary with body shape and/or length of the fish. The pike (Esox lucius) of the Baltic Sea has a complex population structure, with genetically distinct subpopulations consisting of homing anadromous individuals. Individuals belonging to these subpopulations are sympatric for most of their lives and become allopatric briefly during spawning each year. This study examined the distribution of VN in three anadromous sympatric subpopulations of pike in the Baltic. Significant differences in VN were found between juveniles and adults belonging to different subpopulations, but also across life-stageswithin all three subpopulations. Results from a common-garden experiment indicated that differences in VN among subpopulations were in part the result of genetic differences, indicative of evolutionary change. Furthermore, a quadratic regression revealed a curvilinear relationship between VN and bodylength of juveniles. Taken together, these results suggest that the combined effects of stabilizing and divergent selection might have played a role in shaping the distribution of VN in pike of the Baltic. The distribution of VN within subpopulations seems to be under the influence of stabilizing selection. Differences among subpopulations might instead reflect local adaptations driven by divergent selection. These findings signal the need for conservationists to view these subpopulations as unique units of management.
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Williams, Thomas Herbert. "Geographic variation in genetic and meristic characters of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki)." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31825.
Full textBooks on the topic "Meristic characters"
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Branch, Canada Dept of Fisheries and Oceans Gulf Region Science. Variation of some meristic characters in alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, from Three Rivers in the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Science Branch, 1989.
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Chen, Lo-chai. Meristic variation in Sebastes (Scorpaenidae), with an analysis of character association and bilateral pattern and their significance in species separation. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1986.
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United States. National Marine Fisheries Service, ed. Meristic variation in Sebastes (Scorpaenidae), with an analysis of character association and bilateral pattern and their significance in species separation. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Meristic characters"
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BATTJES, JOHANNES, and PRZEMYSLAW PRUSINKIEWICZ. "MODELING MERISTIC CHARACTERS OF ASTERACEAN FLOWERHEADS." In Series in Mathematical Biology and Medicine. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814261074_0012.
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"Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon." In Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon, edited by Paul S. Wills, Robert J. Sheehan, Roy Heidinger, Brian L. Sloss, and Robert Clevenstine. American Fisheries Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569360.ch20.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—It is difficult to distinguish pallid sturgeon <em>Scaphirhynchus albus</em> from the morphologically similar, congeneric and sympatric shovelnose sturgeon <em>S. platorynchus</em>. This has led some to question whether the pallid sturgeon is indeed a valid species. Another controversy is whether the two species are hybridizing. Indices, based on various morphometric and meristic characters, have been proposed to discriminate among <em>Scaphirhynchus</em> taxa, but they are cumbersome to calculate in the field. We report two mathematical indices developed via multiple regression analysis that use five morphometric ratios and two meristics (Character Index), or the five morphometric ratios alone (Morphometric Character Index) as taxon predictors. Data from a study of pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon conducted by Carlson and Pflieger (1981) were used to develop the regression models. The consistency of identifications made by the two indices was examined using Discriminant Functions Analysis (DFA) on a collection of 257 <em>Scaphirhynchus</em> specimens from throughout the pallid sturgeon range. Specimens identified via the CI and mCI as pallid sturgeon grouped distinctly from the shovelnose sturgeon cluster; specimens identified as hybrids by the two indices formed an intermediate cluster. The majority (90% and 89.7%, respectively) of the specimens identified as pallid sturgeon by the Character Index (CI) and the Morphometric Character Index (mCI) were classified as pallid sturgeon by DFA. This morphological evidence supports the current status of pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon as distinct species. Interspecific hybridization, considered by some to be a major threat to the pallid sturgeon, appears to be common. The Pallid Sturgeon Recovery Team has recommended the CI for field identifications throughout the pallid sturgeon’s range.
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"Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation." In Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation, edited by Byron J. Freeman, Andrew T. Taylor, Kenneth J. Oswald, et al. American Fisheries Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874400.ch34.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Shoal basses are a cryptic clade composed of <em>Micropterus </em>spp. restricted to the Apalachicola River system and three southeastern Atlantic slope river drainages in the southeastern United States. This reciprocally monophyletic clade includes the Shoal Bass <em>M. cataractae </em>(endemic to the Apalachicola River system), the Chattahoochee Bass <em>M. chattahoochae</em>, and two undescribed forms from the Altamaha, Ogeechee, and Savannah River drainages. Members of the shoal bass clade can be distinguished from all other species of <em>Micropterus </em>basses using 20 diagnostic characters (characteristic attributes) found in mitochondrial DNA (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) gene sequences. Each member of the clade additionally possesses unique characteristic attributes, which along with morphological and meristic characters can be used to diagnose this cryptic biodiversity. Biologists and managers have previously regarded the shoal basses in the Chattahoochee, Savannah, Altamaha and Ogeechee River systems as belonging to a single taxon synonymous with the Redeye Bass <em>M. coosae</em>, which is endemic to the Mobile River drainage. With these and previous analyses (including description of the Shoal Bass), we now recognize that what was once considered a single taxon actually comprises seven species, each of which is endemic to a single southeastern drainage. Recognizing and documenting the actual diversity of <em>Micropterus </em>spp. provides important information for managers who may wish to avoid stocking or translocations that could compromise the genetic integrity of native bass populations. Introductions of nonnative basses, including Alabama Bass <em>M. henshalli</em>, Spotted Bass <em>M. punctulatus</em>, and Smallmouth Bass <em>M. dolomieu </em>currently threaten the integrity of native shoal bass species in streams of the Chattahoochee, Altamaha, Ogeechee, and Savannah River systems.
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Andersona, Cajsa Lisa, and Thomas JanßEn. "Monocots." In The Timetree of Life. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199535033.003.0022.
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Abstract The monocots are a strongly supported monophyletic group comprising about 25% of the angiosperm diversity. 7ey number 59,300 species (1) and are classiAed in 81 families and 10 orders by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APGII) (2). A number of morphological characters are shared by most monocots, although these may have been (secondarily) lost in some lineages. thesingle cotyledon, leaves with linear venation, a basal meristem, scattered vascular bundles in the shoots and a lack of secondary growth of xylem and phloem, and sieve cell plastids are among the most obvious shared-derived morphological characters. Monocots usually possess trimerous Powers and uniaperturate pollen, which is most commonly monosulcate. Monocot characters also appear in other angiosperm groups. For example, sieve cell plastids occur in some Aristolochiaceae, scattered vascular bundles in Nymphaeaceae and some Piperaceae, and trimerous Powers with two perianth whorls are present in Nymphaeaceae and some magnoliids. Several monocots from diBerent orders and families do have reticulate venation. 7is is, however, a derived condition thought to represent an adaptation to shaded habitats such as the forest understorey.
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Kumar Sarkar, Anup. "Pollination Biology and Environmental Water Pollution Indicator of Onion (Allium cepa L.)." In Plant Breeding - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111475.
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Numerous genes in flowering plants, including onion (Allium cepa L.) govern morphological character differences in structure, shape, orientation, weight and number, etc. arising from their assortment and recombination due to pollination. Pollination in onion flower occurs mainly by insects (91%) and wind (9%), with gravity also contributing to the pollination process. The hybrid vigour seeds through cross pollination as an essential input in enhancing crop productivity. The present study reveals that an onion plant generally takes around 63 days to attain flowering position, and complete flowering condition in 70–72 days, which include 15–18 days for sprouting of the green hollow fleshy shoots along with about 45 days to complete the peduncle formation on the top small part of the bud. A. cepa L. takes around 160 days to produce mature seeds with life cycle completion. The onion bulb roots are used for the last 50 years to study chromosomal behaviour as an indicator of environmental water pollution. The presence of different impurities and heavy metals in the polluted water causes reduction in reproductive capacity of cells due to the occurrence of peculiarity from the normal mitotic cell division in onion . Cytotoxicity influences all morphological characters, including root growth retardation, mitotic index, chromosomal aberration, etc. Thus, the present investigation explores the effect of pollutant water on pollination biology, cytotoxicity, root apical meristem cells in onion. We report a significant (p < 0.05) in the mitotic index in polluted water as compared to normal water.
Conference papers on the topic "Meristic characters"
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Aisyah, Siti, and Ahmad Syarif. "Morphometric and Meristic Characters of Selangat Fish (Anodontostoma sp.) from Kelabat Bay and Tukak Strait, Bangka Belitung." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Maritime and Archipelago (ICoMA 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoma-18.2019.4.
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