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Journal articles on the topic 'Merit points'
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Et.al, Muhammad Azhad Hilmi Muhammad Aiman Hilmi. "Enhancing the Transparency of Student Merit System Using QR Code Technology: A Smart Campus Initiative." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 2047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1072.
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Technology has led to the utilization of information systems into human daily life activities. Computer systems have helped improve the modern human lifestyle by simplifying and facilitating activities from listening to music, grocery shopping to communicating with peoples across the world. Gearing up to smart campus initiatives, one of the issues to be tackled was the transparency in validating the student’s attendance system used in many campuses and university events. The employment of technologies such as QR Code and facial recognition to validate the student’s attendance certainly have helped in addressing this issue. In order to ensure the transparency of the existing manual student merit system used in the campus, this paper presents a solution known as CyberScan QR Code for Student Merit System that allows the students to obtain merits by scanning QR codes, as well as allowing student councils to provide merits for any events by generating QR codes. Students can keep track of their current total merit points and the events that they have previously attended so if there are any problems regarding their merits, they can always refer to their history of attended events as evidence. This paperless solution merit system also helps to reduce the usual time taken to calculate a huge amount of merits thus preventing from any miscalculation. Clearly, this initiative creates not just an efficient, transparent service but another greater experience for students to feel connected academically and socially.
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전진현, Park sunghyeok, and YoungDal Cho. "Understanding of students ‘take merit points’ experience on merit·demerit points system -Case study of repeated ‘impose demerit-take merit’ students at K-Middle school-." Journal of Law-Related Education 8, no. 3 (December 2013): 83–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.29175/klrea.8.3.201312.83.
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Marx, John, and Mark Garrett Cooper. "Does Merit Have a Future?" PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 133, no. 3 (May 2018): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2018.133.3.678.
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Cathy N. davidson'S the new education: how to revolutionize the university to prepare students for a world in flux challenges us to address nonacademics, and to update our teaching, by focusing on the big picture. She calls on us to rise above departmental politics and the tribalism of disciplinary debates. Instead of engaging in those familiar struggles, we should be talking with our neighbors and our elected representatives about the advantages of eliminating letter grades; the virtues of pedagogies that are learner-centered, collaborative, and project-based; the perils of specialization; the damage that departments do by stifling change; the promise of educational technology if divorced from the profit motive; the myth that STEM degrees lead directly to career success; and, of course, the need for public reinvestment in higher education. Each of these talking points draws energy from Davidson's contention that digital media have rendered industrial models of education obsolete.
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GOLSANAMLOU, ZAHRA, SAHAR IZADI VISHKAYI, MEYSAM BAGHERI TAGANI, and HAMID RAHIMPOUR SOLEIMANI. "INFLUENCE OF COUPLING GEOMETRY AND DEPHASING ON THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF A C60 MOLECULAR JUNCTION." Nano 09, no. 06 (August 2014): 1450057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179329201450057x.
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Thermoelectric properties of a C60 molecule coupled to three-dimensional metallic electrodes are studied using Green function formalism in linear response regime. A tight-binding model is used to investigate the effects of the dimerization and coupling geometry on the electrical conductance, thermopower and figure of merit. Increase of the contact points between the molecule and electrodes results in decrease of the number of the peaks of the electrical conductance because of the interference effects. In addition, oscillation of the thermopower is reduced in the multiple contacts. Results show that the increase of the contact points leads to the reduction of the figure of merit. Furthermore, the effect of the phase breaking scattering on the figure of merit is analyzed using the Büttiker probe method.
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Anderson, Marvin. "John Calvin: Biblical Preacher (1539–1564)." Scottish Journal of Theology 42, no. 2 (May 1989): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600056428.
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Calvin is often seen as ‘larger than life’ by his disciples and his enemies. This contention animates a recent article by William Bouwsma, whose forthcoming Oxford monograph is titled,John Calvin: A Sixteenth Century Portrait. One must be cautious in obtruding the historical Calvin over against the theologian, thereby contending that for the Genevan Reformer theological questions were primarily a way of life. For Calvin hisInstitutewas also a response to contemporary theological questions. One such question elicited Calvin's response in 1555 to Laelius Socinus on the merits of Christ. Calvin warns against ‘certain perversely subtle men’ who obscure God's mercy in Christ. Socinus asked whether the death of Christ which won merit for all persons was also meritorious for Christ himself. To set Christ's merit against God's mercy ‘is no less stupid curiosity than their temerity in making such a definition’. Calvin inserted that letter into the 1559Institute. Concurrent with Bouwsma's article, Alister McGrath points to Calvin's response to precise questions raised by thevia modernaschool of theology at Paris under the Scot John Major in which human merit and that of Christ rest on divine good pleasure alone. Calvin's solution is continuous with the voluntarism which he encountered while in Paris.
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Woodward, John B. "Recovering the Energy in Diesel Exhaust: Some Thermodynamic Points." Marine Technology and SNAME News 24, no. 03 (July 1, 1987): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1987.24.3.205.
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The concepts of availability and reversible heat transfer are reviewed; the latter is shown to be the basis for diesel engine bottoming cycles. The thermodynamics of bottoming or waste-heat conversion to work by a gas turbine in parallel with the turbocharger turbine are discussed, and compared with those of a Rankine cycle for the same function. The two alternatives are shown to be of equal merit until practical differences are introduced; the first alternative is then favored. Throughout, formulas and calculations are given in detail to provide information on techniques not commonly found in either thermodynamics texts or technical papers.
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Arashpour, Mehrdad, Majeed Shabanikia, and Mohammadreza Arashpour. "Valuing the contribution of knowledge-oriented workers to projects: a merit based approach in the construction industry." Construction Economics and Building 12, no. 4 (October 15, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v12i4.2724.
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Evidence points to the fact that frequent resignation of project engineers from construction companies is primarily the result of dissatisfaction with the factors that shape the salary scale. This research aims to identify the major influencing factors in merit based salary calculation systems for knowledge-oriented engineers so as to more accurately reflect their contribution to construction projects. Results from a questionnaire sent to managers, engineers and HR professionals throughout the Iranian construction industry revealed that while there was overall agreement on principles to a merit-based approach, engineers in particular identified ‘professional skills’, ‘experience’ and ‘creativity’. Management-oriented parties should take into account engineer perspectives in order to more accurately value the knowledge-oriented contribution of these workers to construction projects. This research provides a basis for understanding the key factors in the merit based salary scale formulation through the construction industry.
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Erwin, Christopher, and Melissa Binder. "Does Broad-Based Merit Aid Improve College Completion? Evidence from New Mexico's Lottery Scholarship." Education Finance and Policy 15, no. 1 (January 2020): 164–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00270.
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We use the natural experiment of a state lottery scholarship to measure the effect of generous financial aid on graduation rates at New Mexico's flagship public university. During the study period, the scholarship program paid full tuition for eight semesters for any state resident earning a 2.5 grade point average in their first semester at any public two-year or four-year college. We find a significant positive completion effect of 10 percentage points (17.9 percent) for academically well-prepared students that is offset by a large negative effect of 11.6 percentage points (38.8 percent) for less-prepared students. We posit that the scholarship program, which effectively erased the difference in tuition at two- and four-year colleges, may have induced weaker students to take their chances on a more prestigious, yet riskier, academic path.
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THIBEAULT, C., Y. SAVARIA, and J. L. HOULE. "HEURISTIC PREDICTION OF THE OPTIMUM NUMBER OF SPARES IN DEFECT-TOLERANT INTEGRATED CIRCUITS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 02, no. 02 (June 1992): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126692000088.
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This paper presents a heuristic method that efficiently approximates the optimum number of spares predicted by yield models through figures of merit. This method, which is based on simple approximate functions, offers a very good trade-off between CPU time and accuracy. Indeed, the CPU time required is negligible compared to what is needed for a direct prediction of the optimum number of spares using yield models and figures of merit. Also, the approximations provided by the proposed heuristic method are very close to the exact values predicted by yield models over a wide range of parameters. A hybrid prediction method, that makes it possible to accelerate the prediction of the optimum amount of redundancy without precision losses, is also presented. This hybrid method, which uses results from the heuristic method as starting points around which yield models and figures of merit are applied, is almost optimum in terms of CPU time over the parameter range considered.
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Reuchlin-Hugenholtz, Emilie, Nancy L. Shackell, and Jeffrey A. Hutchings. "Spatial reference points for groundfish." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 10 (July 27, 2016): 2468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw123.
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Abstract According to density-dependent habitat selection theory, areas of high density can be indicative of high population productivity and have positive individual fitness consequences. Here, we explore six groundfish populations on the Scotian Shelf, Canada, where a decline in areas of high density beyond a certain threshold is associated with disproportionately large declines in Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB). This is evidenced by empirical, concave, positive relationships between high-density areas (HDAs) and SSB. We introduce a methodology to estimate the threshold below which SSB declines increasingly faster per unit of HDA decline. The spatial threshold among these six stocks was remarkably consistent; when stocks lose 70–80% of HDAs, disproportionately large SSB declines are likely to occur. We propose that spatial thresholds could serve as spatial reference points to complement existing SSB limit reference points (LRPs). For some stocks we identify spatial thresholds which correspond to SSB levels that exceed those associated with the designated SSB LRP, suggesting that a review of these SSB LRPs warrants merit. For other stocks, spatial reference points can be used in concert with SSB reference points, strengthening efforts to incorporate a precautionary approach to fisheries management. Our results warrant further research into the general application of HDA as spatial limit and target reference points for fisheries management in addition to other population status indicators within a broad recovery framework.
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Liu, Xue Bing, Fan Kui Zeng, Fu Qiang Li, and Jing Wang. "Application of Genetic Algorithm in Optimum Design of Structure." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2381.
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This paper introduces the basic principle and characteristic of genetic algorithm (called GA), and it points out the shortcoming of ordinary optimum algorithm and the merit of GA. Comparing the optimum results of GA with accurate value by exemplification, and it is good. This paper provides a systematic thought model and a good method for readers.
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ASUDEH, ASH, and IDA TOIVONEN. "Response to David Adger's ‘Remarks on Minimalist feature theory and Move’." Journal of Linguistics 42, no. 3 (October 13, 2006): 675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226706004233.
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David Adger raises some interesting issues and makes several valuable points in his ‘Remarks on Minimalist feature theory and Move’ (henceforth MFTM), a response to our review article ‘Symptomatic imperfections’ (henceforth SI) in this journal (Asudeh & Toivonen 2006), which was in part a review of his Core syntax (Adger 2003). In this response, we address some of the points in MFTM. We would also like to set the record straight about some points in SI which we feel have been misrepresented. In several instances, MFTM argues against claims that were not made in SI. Whatever the independent merit of these arguments, we do not wish to defend viewpoints we did not propose in the first place.
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LIU, JIN-YI. "A RANDOMIZED ALGORITHM FOR WEIGHTED APPROXIMATION OF POINTS BY A STEP FUNCTION." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 03, no. 04 (December 2011): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830911001310.
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The problem considered in this paper is: Given an integer k > 0 and a set P of n points in the plane each with a corresponding nonnegative weight, find a step function f with k steps that minimize the maximum weighted vertical distance between f and all the points in P. We present a randomized algorithm to solve the problem in O(n log n) expected running time. The bound is obviously optimal for the unsorted input. The previously best known algorithm runs in O(n log 2 n) worst-case time. Another merit of the algorithm is its simplicity. The algorithm is just a randomized implementation of Frederickson and Johnson's matrix searching technique, and it only exploits a simple data structure.
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Egeberg, Morten, Åse Gornitzka, and Jarle Trondal. "Merit-based recruitment boosts good governance: how do European Union agencies recruit their personnel?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 85, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852317691342.
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Studies show that public administrations that practise merit-based recruitment of their personnel are significantly less marked by corruption than administrations that do not recruit in this manner. While we know a lot about how EU member states score with regard to the degree of merit-based recruitment within their administrations, and also how the European Commission administration performs in this respect, recruitment practices within the increasing number of European Union regulatory (decentralized) agencies seem to remain a white spot in the literature so far. In this article, we make a first step in mapping recruitment practices within the secretariats of such agencies. We also investigate if it matters whether a European Union agency is located in a country marked by a non-meritocratic administrative culture or not. The article shows that European Union agencies seem to overwhelmingly apply meritocratic instruments when hiring people, regardless of their location. Points for practitioners This article argues and shows that recruitment based on merit enhances good and non-corrupt governance. The case in point is European Union agencies. The data presented illuminate that these agencies generally apply meritocratic instruments when hiring administrative staff. The study also shows that recruitment practices are not affected by the geographical location of European Union agencies. These agencies tend to practise the common merit-based European Union standards regardless of their location since agencies are components of the European Union administration.
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Hunter, J. F. M. "Reply to Lawrence Resnick." Dialogue 27, no. 1 (1988): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300019557.
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It is quite difficult to respond briefly and effectively to such a devastating charge as that the only merit your book has is that it is honest. My strategy will be, by showing that a few of Resnick's criticisms are ill-taken, to generate the presumption that the same could be said of a lot more of them. I will first discuss some minor points, and then two larger issues.
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Pushkaryov, Kirill Vladimirovich. "Global optimization via neural network approximation of inverse coordinate mappings with evolutionary parameter control." Program Systems: Theory and Applications 10, no. 2 (2019): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25209/2079-3316-2019-10-2-3-31.
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A hybrid method of global optimization NNAICM-PSO is presented. It uses neural network approximation of inverse mappings of objective function values to coordinates combined with particle swarm optimization to find the global minimum of a continuous objective function of multiple variables with bound constraints. The objective function is viewed as a black box. The method employs groups of moving probe points attracted by goals like in particle swarm optimization. One of the possible goals is determined via mapping of decreased objective function values to coordinates by modified Dual Generalized Regression Neural Networks constructed from probe points. The parameters of the search are controlled by an evolutionary algorithm. The algorithm forms a population of evolving rules each containing a tuple of parameter values. There are two measures of fitness: short-term (charm) and long-term (merit). Charm is used to select rules for reproduction and application. Merit determines survival of an individual. This two-fold system preserves potentially useful individuals from extinction due to short-term situation changes. Test problems of 100 variables were solved. The results indicate that evolutionary control is better than random variation of parameters for NNAICM-PSO. With some problems, when rule bases are reused, error progressively decreases in subsequent runs, which means that the method adapts to the problem.
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Hilmar, Till. "The Temporal Logic of Deservingness: Inequality Beliefs in Two Postsocialist Societies." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311986423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119864231.
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Employing a cultural sociological approach, this article asks how individuals from two postsocialist societies articulate principles of justice by providing narrative accounts of other peoples’ perceived choices and social mobility trajectories after 1989. Using data from an interview study of 67 respondents from former East Germany and the Czech Republic, I present two interrelated findings: First, as respondents negotiate the tension between the principles of merit and need, they show widespread support for the idea that individuals are personally responsible for their fate despite the legacy of egalitarianism commonly associated with postsocialist societies. Second, individuals can effectively challenge the principle of merit by using a certain type of eventful knowledge about economic change after 1989 that is articulated morally but points to the limits of choice. The article distinguishes different notions of deservingness and contributes to the current debate on the links between culture and economics.
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Zhao, Wenling, Daojin Song, and Bingzhuang Liu. "Error Bounds and Finite Termination for Constrained Optimization Problems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/158780.
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We present a global error bound for the projected gradient of nonconvex constrained optimization problems and a local error bound for the distance from a feasible solution to the optimal solution set of convex constrained optimization problems, by using the merit function involved in the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method. For the solution sets (stationary points set andKKTpoints set) of nonconvex constrained optimization problems, we establish the definitions of generalized nondegeneration and generalized weak sharp minima. Based on the above, the necessary and sufficient conditions for a feasible solution of the nonconvex constrained optimization problems to terminate finitely at the two solutions are given, respectively. Accordingly, the results in this paper improve and popularize existing results known in the literature. Further, we utilize the global error bound for the projected gradient with the merit function being computed easily to describe these necessary and sufficient conditions.
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Crump, Larry, and Daniel Druckman. "Turning Points in Multilateral Trade Negotiations on Intellectual Property." International Negotiation 17, no. 1 (2012): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180612x630910.
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Abstract Application of a turning points analysis to detailed chronologies of events that transpired prior to and during two matched cases of multilateral intellectual property rights (TRIPS) negotiations yields useful lessons for understanding negotiation process and effective negotiator behavior. The unfolding negotiation process is traced in the GATT Uruguay Round and prior to and during the WTO Doha Ministerial. Departures from earlier trends in the chronologies merit special attention. A departure is defined as a clear and self-evident change from earlier events or patterns in the form of an impactful decision taken by one or more parties. By coding the causes (precipitants) and effects (consequences) of the departures, we perform a turning points analysis. The turning points analysis, composed of three-part sequences, reveals the triggers and impacts of departures during the extended TRIPS negotiation process. The analyses will allow a comparison of the patterns that unfolded during the two phases of TRIPS negotiations, which will highlight the breakthroughs that occurred during the Uruguay Round and the crises that emerged later, prior to and during the Doha Ministerial. Improving the effectiveness of multilateral trade negotiations depends in part on understanding how critical turning points emerge.
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Depaul, Michael R. "The Problem of the Criterion and Coherence Methods in Ethics." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 18, no. 1 (March 1988): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1988.10717166.
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The resurgence of interest in systematic moral theory over the past ten to fifteen years has brought to the fore debates concerning issues in moral epistemology, in particular, questions regarding the correct method for moral inquiry. Much of the controversy has focused on John Rawls’ method of reflective equilibrium. One merit claimed for this coherence method is that it transcends the traditional two tiered approach to moral inquiry according to which one must choose as one's starting points either particular moral judgments or general moral principles. Several of Rawls’ prominent critics have charged that Rawls’ loosely assembled rabble of starting points are not epistemically hefty enough to hoist a moral theory upon their shoulders. Perhaps unwittingly, these critics cling to the two level conception of theory construction, for they both defend general principles as the only appropriate starting points for theory construction and insist upon viewing Rawls as one working within the two tiered conception who opts for more particular judgments as starting points.
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lngvaldsen, R., and H. T. A. Whiting. "Frameworks on shifting sands." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 4 (December 1995): 764–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00040875.
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AbstractFeldman and Levin present a model for movement control in which the system is said to seek equilibrium points, active movement being produced by shifting frames of reference in space. It is argued that whatever merit this model might have is limited to an understanding of “the how” and not “the why” we move. In this way the authors seem to be forced into a dualistic position leaving the upper level of the proposed control hierarchy “floating.”
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Col, Giovanni Da. "The View from Somewhen: Events, Bodies and the Perspective of Fortune around Khawa Karpo, a Tibetan Sacred Mountain in Yunnan Province." Inner Asia 9, no. 2 (2007): 215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481707793646548.
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AbstractSimilarly to the Amerindian model, in Tibetan cosmology humans and nonhumans share an inner principle under the form of consciousness (rnam shes). Corporeal differences and perspectival access are nevertheless determined by the economy of a ‘field of fortune’. This fieldmay be regarded as a formof ‘clothing’ a being ‘wears’: a ‘body’ that may provide cosmological mobility, a ‘poor man ’s way’ to assume nonhumans’ points of view and transcending ontological domains without having to be a shaman. Nevertheless, the field is unstable and his configuration fragmented and folded. Each ‘perspective’ needs an event in order to be transiently activated and unfolding the configuration of forces composing a body of fortune. The absence of ideas of fortune and karma among Amerindians results in a perspectivism as being predominantly a spatial view from somewhere.Among Tibetans, an economy of merit and fortune produces an evenemental perception, a view from somewhen where perspectives are also points of view on one’s karmic continuum. After discussing notions of fortune, merit and the Tibetan perceptual propensity in relation to other living beings, this paper will examine the ontology of some key Tibetan bodies and their relation with perspectivism: the zombie (ro langs), the mountain god (yul lha), the reckless hunter (rngon pa), the ‘living Buddha’ (sprul sku) and the idiom of ‘emanation’ (sprul pa), commonly known as ‘incarnation’.
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Ning, Chao, Zhong Lin Xiang, Yan Wang, and Sha Zhang. "The Three-Dimensional Entity Creation Algorithm for Surface Reconstruction Based on Two-Dimensional Contour Lines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.323.
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By the use of "cut and suture" algorithm and the introduction of control points, a three-dimensional entity creation algorithm was proposed, with the characteristics of the local flat taken into account. This method cut the adjacent contour lines into two parallel line segments through the automatic search of feature contour's control points (or human interaction selection). After the construction of unconstrained Delaunay triangulation network on the basis of lines' planar points, line sections were sutured from the incisions, followed by the completion the three-dimensional entity surface reconstruction of contours. The multi-layers ore profile data based on drilling geological interpretation were tested. The results show that this algorithm is fast and reliable. The reconstructed three-dimensional surface is smooth and natural, similar to the actual surface morphology.The method bears a practical merit for assisting the interpretation of three-dimensional geological forms in geological survey.
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Lu, Xiaojun, and Mary E. Guy. "Political skill, organizational justice, and career success in mainland China." International Review of Administrative Sciences 84, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852315619025.
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Organizational justice is a topic popularized for Western bureaucracies but there is less known about its influence in Eastern cultures. This research tests how organizational justice moderates the relationship between political skill and career success in the Chinese public sector. Analysis reveals that four dimensions of political skill (networking ability, apparent sincerity, social astuteness, and interpersonal influence) correlate positively with career success (measured as perceived internal marketability and perceived career success). Although hypothesized that organizational justice would lessen the influence of political skill on career success as a result of the implementation of formal merit-based pay rules, findings show that political skill is only partially moderated. While lessening the value of social astuteness, a positive relationship between interpersonal influence and internal marketability remains. Points for practitioners Profound changes in China’s salary system challenge traditional workplace customs. The implementation of merit-based pay requires a fair procedure for determining salary raises. In China, personalism remains a driving force because of the importance of guanxi. This affects how formal merit-based pay systems function in the East. Chinese culture tempers Western notions of organizational justice with its persistent reliance on political skill. This blend of worker behavior and career success, moderated by a conceptualization of organizational justice that embraces political skill, complicates the application of Western management systems in the East.
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Sun, Yan, and Shuxue Ding. "An Enhanced Wu-Huberman Algorithm with Pole Point Selection Strategy." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/589386.
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The Wu-Huberman clustering is a typical linear algorithm among many clustering algorithms, which illustrates data points relationship as an artificial “circuit” and then applies the Kirchhoff equations to get the voltage value on the complex circuit. However, the performance of the algorithm is crucially dependent on the selection of pole points. In this paper, we present a novel pole point selection strategy for the Wu-Huberman algorithm (named as PSWH algorithm), which aims at preserving the merit and increasing the robustness of the algorithm. The pole point selection strategy is proposed to filter the pole point by introducing sparse rate. Experiments results demonstrate that the PSWH algorithm is significantly improved in clustering accuracy and efficiency compared with the original Wu-Huberman algorithm.
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NARDI, FLAVIA DOMIZIA, FATIMA PUSTAHIJA, ANDREA ANDREUCCI, DANIELA CICCARELLI, SONJA SILJAK-YAKOVLEV, and LORENZO PERUZZI. "Does Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) merit specific rank? Insights from cytogenetic, molecular and ecological data." Phytotaxa 346, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.346.2.1.
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Solidago litoralis (Asteraceae) is a psammophile plant endemic to the northern coasts of Tuscany, Italy. During time, different authors have considered it either as a separate species, subspecies or variety of the European S. virgaurea, but few studies of experimental taxonomy have been investigating the relationship between these two taxa. Aim of this study is to compare S. litoralis and S. virgaurea from different points of view: cytogenetic (karyotype analysis, localization of rDNA loci and genome size estimation), molecular (using two plastidial molecular markers), and ecological (by comparing functional characters). A difference in ecological responses to habitats is confirmed, even though S. virgaurea is potentially capable of assuming ecological strategies similar to those of S. litoralis. Despite this, cytogenetic and molecular analyses failed to reveal any significant difference supporting a specific distinction of S. litoralis. The latter taxon is here hypothesized as being an ecotype at the initial steps of a speciation event, better recognized at subspecific level (S. virgaurea subsp. litoralis).
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Li, Wen Guo, and Shao Jun Duan. "Camera Calibration Method Based on Circle Plane Board." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.184.
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We present a camera calibration method based on circle plane board. The centres of circles on plane are regarded as the characteristic points, which are used to implement camera calibration. The proposed calibration is more accurate than many previous calibration algorithm because of the merit of the coordinate of circle centre being obtained from thousand of of edge pionts of ellipse, which is very reliable to image noise caused by edge extraction algorithm. Experiments shows the proposed algorithm can obtain high precise inner parameters, and lens distortion parameters.
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Bousser, M.-G. "Migraine, Female Hormones, and Stroke." Cephalalgia 19, no. 2 (March 1999): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1999.019002075.x.
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“Migraine, female hormones, and stroke” The title of this work suggests three different topics (migraine and female hormones, migraine and stroke, female hormones and stroke), each of which would merit a study on its own. Taking female hormones as the connecting thread, however, I decided to review their relationships with migraine and stroke, using as examples a few selected points, such as the sex ratio of these two conditions and the influence that oral contraceptives, pregnancy, menopause and hormone replacement therapy has upon them. I will deal briefly with migraine and expand on stroke.
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Donoso, Patricio Azócar, and Hugo Sir Retamales. "Trans-border Friendships and Strategic Inclinations: Some Insights on the Molecular Emergence of Subversion in Chile." New Global Studies 14, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2020-0018.
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AbstractIn the last 30 years, Chile has crowned itself as one of the most singular, sophisticated, and cruel reference points of the global neoliberal laboratory. This article delves into the conceptual thinking of that laboratory by investigating the formation of an emotive-financial consensus based on the operation of institutionalizing sadism and a masochism of merit that profits from the affective destruction of collective intelligence. It situates this dystopic Chilean reality within the broader Latin American context, where the delicate administration of crisis and fear exposes the affective inclinations of persistence and resistance.
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MIDI, HABSHAH, SHELAN SAIED ISMAEEL, JAYANTHI ARASAN, and MOHAMMED A. MOHAMMED. "Simple and Fast Generalized - M (GM) Estimator and Its Application to Real Data Set." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5003-26.
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It is now evident that some robust methods such as MM-estimator do not address the concept of bounded influence function, which means that their estimates still be affected by outliers in the X directions or high leverage points (HLPs), even though they have high efficiency and high breakdown point (BDP). The Generalized M(GM) estimator, such as the GM6 estimator is put forward with the main aim of making a bound for the influence of HLPs by some weight function. The limitation of GM6 is that it gives lower weight to both bad leverage points (BLPs) and good leverage points (GLPs) which make its efficiency decreases when more GLPs are present in a data set. Moreover, the GM6 takes longer computational time. In this paper, we develop a new version of GM-estimator which is based on simple and fast algorithm. The attractive feature of this method is that it only downs weights BLPs and vertical outliers (VOs) and increases its efficiency. The merit of our proposed GM estimator is studied by simulation study and well-known aircraft data set.
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Wang, Jin, and Zhengyuan Shi. "Multi-Reconstruction from Points Cloud by Using a Modified Vector-Valued Allen–Cahn Equation." Mathematics 9, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9121326.
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The Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm has become a very popular tool of reconstruction from point clouds. If we reconstruct each region separately in the process of multi-reconstruction, then the reconstructed objects may overlap with each other. In order to reconstruct multicomponent surfaces without self-intersections, we propose an efficient multi-reconstruction algorithm based on a modified vector-valued Allen–Cahn equation. The proposed algorithm produces smooth surfaces and closely preserves the original data without self-intersect. Based on operator splitting techniques, the numerical scheme is divided into one linear equation and two nonlinear equations. The linear equation is discretized using an implicit method, and the resulting discrete system of equation is solved by a fast Fourier transform. The two nonlinear equations are solved analytically due to the availability of a closed-form solution. The numerical scheme has merit in that it can be straightforwardly applied to a graphics processing unit, allowing for accelerated implementation that performs much faster than central processing unit alternatives. Various experimental, numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
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Prasad, Dilip K. "PRO: A Novel Approach to Precision and Reliability Optimization Based Dominant Point Detection." Journal of Optimization 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/345287.
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A novel method that uses both the local and the global nature of fit for dominant point detection is proposed. Most other methods use local fit to detect dominant points. The proposed method uses simple metrics like precision (local nature of fit) and reliability (global nature of fit) as the optimization goals for detecting the dominant points. Depending on the desired level of fitting (very fine or crude), the threshold for precision and reliability can be chosen in a very simple manner. Extensive comparison of various line fitting algorithms based on metrics such as precision, reliability, figure of merit, integral square error, and dimensionality reduction is benchmarked on publicly available and widely used datasets (Caltech 101, Caltech 256, and Pascal (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010) datasets) comprising 102628 images. Such work is especially useful for segmentation, shape representation, activity recognition, and robust edge feature extraction in object detection and recognition problems.
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Kelly, Thomas C. "Preceramic Projectile-Point Typology in Belize." Ancient Mesoamerica 4, no. 2 (1993): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100000900.
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AbstractSufficient numbers of preceramic projectile points have now been found in Belize to define two morphologically distinct projectile-point types, Lowe and Sawmill. A provisional type —Allspice—is proposed but lacks both the necessary numbers and adequate context for acceptance as a diagnostic type. A single Clovis point is so far the only diagnostic of the Paleoindian period. This study also suggests that the projectile-point typology, the foundation for much of the Belize Archaic Archaeological Reconnaissance chronology, is so badly flawed that the resulting chronology has little merit. Recent discoveries of major preceramic sites with associated radiocarbon dates and their possible association with early raised-field agriculture indicate that studies of preceramic Belize are entering an exciting new era. This typology should provide a useful tool for future studies and is the beginning of a meaningful chronology.
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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Merit-Based Incentive Payment System: Meaningful Changes in the Final Rule Brings Cautious Optimism." January 2018 1, no. 21;1 (January 14, 2017): E1—E12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2018.6.e1.
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The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) eliminated the flawed Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) act formula – a longstanding crucial issue of concern for health care providers and Medicare beneficiaries. MACRA also included a quality improvement program entitled, “The Merit-Based Incentive Payment System, or MIPS.” The proposed rule of MIPS sought to streamline existing federal quality efforts and therefore linked 4 distinct programs into one. Three existing programs, meaningful use (MU), Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS), valuebased payment (VBP) system were merged with the addition of Clinical Improvement Activity category. The proposed rule also changed the name of MU to Advancing Care Information, or ACI. ACI contributes to 25% of composite score of the four programs, PQRS contributes 50% of the composite score, while VBP system, which deals with resource use or cost, contributes to 10% of the composite score. The newest category, Improvement Activities or IA, contributes 15% to the composite score. The proposed rule also created what it called a design incentive that drives movement to delivery system reform principles with the inclusion of Advanced Alternative Payment Models (APMs). Following the release of the proposed rule, the medical community, as well as Congress, provided substantial input to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS),expressing their concern. American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) focused on 3 important aspects: delay the implementation, provide a 3-month performance period, and provide ability to submit meaningful quality measures in a timely and economic manner. The final rule accepted many of the comments from various organizations, including several of those specifically emphasized by ASIPP, with acceptance of 3-month reporting period, as well as the ability to submit non-MIPS measures to improve real quality and make the system meaningful. CMS also provided a mechanism for physicians to avoid penalties for non-reporting with reporting of just a single patient. In summary, CMS has provided substantial flexibility with mechanisms to avoid penalties, reporting for 90 continuous days, increasing the low volume threshold, changing the reporting burden and data thresholds and, finally, coordination between performance categories. The final rule has made MIPS more meaningful with bonuses for exceptional performance, the ability to report for 90 days, and to report on 50% of the patients in 2017 and 60% of the patients in 2018. The final rule also reduced the quality measures to 6, including only one outcome or high priority measure with elimination of cross cutting measure requirement. In addition, the final rule reduced the burden of ACI, improved the coordination of performance, reduced improvement activities burden from 60 points to 40 points, and finally improved coordination between performance categories. Multiple concerns remain regarding the reduction in scoring for quality improvement in future years, increase in proportion of MIPS scoring for resource use utilizing flawed, claims based methodology and the continuation of the disproportionate importance of ACI, an expensive program that can be onerous for providers which in many ways has not lived up to its promise. Key words: Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015, merit-based incentive payment system, quality performance measures, resource use, improvement activities, advancing care information performance category
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Paluri, Nataraj S. V., and Jayesh J. Barve. "A Reliable Algorithm to Compute the Spectral Set of a Polytope of Polynomials to Prescribed Accuracy." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128, no. 2 (March 28, 2005): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2196416.
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We propose an algorithm to compute the spectral set of a polytope of polynomials. The proposed algorithm offers several key guarantees that are not available with existing techniques. It guarantees that the generated spectral set: (i) contains all the actual points, (ii) is computed to a prescribed accuracy, (iii) is computed reliably in face of all kinds of computational errors, and (iv) is computed in a finite number of algorithmic iterations. A further merit is that the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is O(n) in contrast to O(n2) for existing techniques, where n is the degree of the polynomial. The algorithm is demonstrated on a few examples.
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Blanco-Perez, Cristina, and Abel Brodeur. "Publication Bias and Editorial Statement on Negative Findings." Economic Journal 130, no. 629 (January 28, 2020): 1226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa011.
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Abstract In February 2015, the editors of eight health economics journals sent out an editorial statement which aimed to reduce the extent of specification searching and reminds referees to accept studies that: ‘have potential scientific and publication merit regardless of whether such studies’ empirical findings do or do not reject null hypotheses’. Guided by a pre-analysis, we test whether the editorial statement decreased the extent of publication bias. Our differences-in-differences estimates suggest that the statement decreased the proportion of tests rejecting the null hypothesis by 18 percentage points. Our findings suggest that incentives may be aligned to promote more transparent research.
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Mahmud, Md Rasel, and Hemanshu Pota. "Robust Partial Feedback Linearized Controller Design for Standalone Hybrid PV-BES System." Electronics 10, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070772.
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This paper presents a mixed-sensitivity-based robust H∞ loop-shaping partial feedback linearized control scheme to enhance the transient stability of a battery energy storage-associated standalone solar photovoltaic system. The proposed control scheme has been provided independent operating points for a generalized nonlinear dynamical model of DC microgrids connected standalone hybrid solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage system. A parametric uncertainty model is developed for the generalized dynamical model, and the noise disengaging merit of the proposed control technique has been investigated. The designed controller’s performance has been demonstrated under four different scenarios, and it is compared with the conventional PI controller for partial feedback linearized control law.
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Kirk, James. "The Religion of Early Scottish Protestants." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 8 (1991): 361–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900001745.
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In Scotland as elsewhere, Protestant reform began as a clerical revolt within the Established Church. Without exception, the earliest leaders of reform in Scotland were disenchanted ecclesiastics, men whose backgrounds were essentially academic and clerical, men who possessed sufficient technical training and expertise to appreciate, before the sloganizing began, the significance (if not all the implications) of Luther’s academic revolt in 1517, and the relevance of his challenging ideas on salvation and his attack on the ‘treasury of merit’: not even the saints, he believed, had sufficient merit to save themselves. Luther, after all, was an Augustinian friar, priest, university teacher (as, for that matter, were Wyclif and Hus), and doctor of theology before his break with Rome. His thinking merited scrutiny, appraisal, and debate, even if only for refutation; and if nothing else, scholastic methodology had fostered theological speculation and critical discussion within an accepted framework of debate. Besides, Erasmus’s initial reaction to Luther’sNinety-Five Theseswas conciliatory: he considered Luther’s beliefs would be approved by all men, apart from a few points on purgatory; and he was later to observe, in 1519, that Luther’s detractors were intent on ‘condemning passages in the writings of Luther which are deemed orthodox when they occur in the writings of Augustine and Bernard’.
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Blaheta, Radim, Bryn Greer-Wootten, and Bohumil Frantál. "Prestigious honour for the discipline of Geography:The Karel Engliš Honorary Medal presentation to Professor Bryn Greer-Wootten." Moravian Geographical Reports 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2019-0005.
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Abstract This communication concerns the prestigious award - the Karel Engliš Honorary Medal for Merit in the Social and Economic Sciences - that Bryn Greer-Wootten, Professor Emeritus at York University in Toronto and the Editor-in-Chief of the Moravian Geographical Reports (MGR), received from the Czech Academy of Sciences in2018. The article contains the most important and interesting points from the Laudation by Professor Radim Blaheta (Chair of the Institute of Geonics’ Institutional Board and the previous Director of the Institute), the Response by Professor Greer-Wootten, and the Closing Speech by Bohumil Frantál (Executive Editor of MGR), which were presented during the award ceremony on August 28, 2018 at the historic Löw-Beer Villa in Brno, Czech Republic.
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McGechan, R. O. "A New Zealander's Comments on American Legal Education." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 30, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v30i2.5998.
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The author compares the teaching methods in law schools in the United States and New Zealand. The author first notes a comparison between direct lecturing and case method, finding merit in both. The author then points out that students' interest and enthusiasm often wane by second and third year, whether in New Zealand or America. The prestige of the American institutions' law reviews is also discussed, as well as some features of educational institutions (including classroom sizes and the curriculum). The author also discusses the New Zealand law school approach of getting part-time work experience while studying law. The author concludes that legal education needs a balance between the practical and the theoretical.
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Xu, Cheng, Jiehao Xu, Jiating Liu, Yu Chen, Øystein Evensen, Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu, and Guoying Qian. "Human adenovirus penton base and encapsidation sequences detected in Pelodiscus sinensis by next generation sequencing." Future Virology 14, no. 7 (July 2019): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2019-0056.
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The Chinese soft-shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis) has become one of the leading cultured organisms in China and South East Asia. The objectives of the present study were to use next generation sequencing to identify viral genomes present in liver tissues from Chinese soft-shelled turtle in China. BLAST analysis of viral sequences from liver samples showed high homology with the human adenovirus (HAdV) penton base and encapsidation proteins. This homology points to possible existence of HAdV in freshwater environments used for the culture of soft-shelled turtles. Therefore, our findings merit further investigations to determine possible contamination of HAdV in aquaculture environments and the possible role of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle in transmitting HAdV to humans.
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Jacob, Brian, Susan Dynarski, Kenneth Frank, and Barbara Schneider. "Are Expectations Alone Enough? Estimating the Effect of a Mandatory College-Prep Curriculum in Michigan." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 39, no. 2 (January 20, 2017): 333–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0162373716685823.
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This article examines the impacts of the Michigan Merit Curriculum (MMC), a statewide college-preparatory curriculum that applies to the high school graduating class of 2011 and later. Our analyses suggest that the higher expectations embodied in the MMC had slight impact on student outcomes. Looking at student performance in the ACT, the only clear evidence of a change in academic performance comes in science. Our best estimates indicate that ACT science scores improved by 0.2 points (or roughly 0.04 SD) as a result of the MMC. Our estimates for high school completion are sensitive to the choice of specification, though some evidence suggests that the MMC reduced graduation for the least prepared students.
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Rivera, Lauren A., and András Tilcsik. "Scaling Down Inequality: Rating Scales, Gender Bias, and the Architecture of Evaluation." American Sociological Review 84, no. 2 (March 12, 2019): 248–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419833601.
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Quantitative performance ratings are ubiquitous in modern organizations—from businesses to universities—yet there is substantial evidence of bias against women in such ratings. This study examines how gender inequalities in evaluations depend on the design of the tools used to judge merit. Exploiting a quasi-natural experiment at a large North American university, we found that the number of scale points used in faculty teaching evaluations—whether instructors were rated on a scale of 6 versus a scale of 10—significantly affected the size of the gender gap in evaluations in the most male-dominated fields. A survey experiment, which presented all participants with an identical lecture transcript but randomly varied instructor gender and the number of scale points, replicated this finding and suggested that the number of scale points affects the extent to which gender stereotypes of brilliance are expressed in quantitative ratings. These results highlight how seemingly minor technical aspects of performance ratings can have a major effect on the evaluation of men and women. Our findings thus contribute to a growing body of work on organizational practices that reduce workplace inequalities and the sociological literature on how rating systems—rather than being neutral instruments—shape the distribution of rewards in organizations.
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Golani, Amir. "More Perspectives on the Late Prehistoric Site of Qiryat Ata." Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation 18 (December 30, 2014): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/saac.18.2014.18.18.
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In a recent SAAC article, Eliot Braun (2012) has published a critique of my excavations at the late prehistoric site of Qiryat Ata. Reexamination of a site’s stratigraphy and reinterpretation of archaeological data are welcome, if their purpose is to truly enhance our understanding of the history of the site and thus gain a better understanding of the archaeological periods of its occupation. Such a reevaluation should be based on factual evidence, exacting analysis and the realization that even the same data can and is open to different interpretation. Reexamination of the data would strive to offer accurate and useful conclusions that could substantially augment our perception of the archaeological record and be a catalyst for future research and fruitful collegial discussion among scholars.The purpose of the following is to address the claims and allegations raised by Braun in his article. While some points of Braun’s critique may have their merit and provide a future basis for discussion, examination of his major points shows them to be basically unfounded.
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Nemnes, G. A., Camelia Visan, T. L. Mitran, Adela Nicolaev, L. Ion, and S. Antohe. "Enhanced thermopower of GaN nanowires with transitional metal impurities." MRS Proceedings 1543 (2013): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.988.
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ABSTRACTThe thermopower properties of GaN nanowires with transitional metal impurities are investigated in the framework of constrained spin density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The nanowires are connected to nanoscopic Al[111] electrodes, which ensure a natural coupling to the wurtzite structure of the nanowires. We investigate the thermoelectric properties comparatively for the pristine GaN nanowire and the system with one Mn adatom. Our study points out the predicted qualitative behavior for systems with a peak in the total transmission, as well as the sign change in the thermopower. For the system with the magnetic impurity we find an enhanced conductance, thermopower and figure of merit. The detectable spin current polarization suggests the device structure may be also used in low temperature sensing applications.
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Butler, Richard, David Inman, and Derek Lobb. "Problem-based learning and the medical school: another case of the emperor’s new clothes?" Advances in Physiology Education 29, no. 4 (December 2005): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00032.2005.
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For almost four decades, problem-based learning (PBL) has been the stated cornerstone of learning in many medical schools. Proponents of PBL cite the open nature of the learning experience where students are free to study in depth, unencumbered by the burdens of broad courses based on the memorization of facts; detractors, on the other hand, cite the lack of breadth and factual knowledge required for professional qualification. Both points of view have merit. Professional schools have a different set of needs and requirements, and it is these that drive the curriculum and learning philosophies. The constraints of the professional school are so different from those of the purely academic environment that PBL, while admirably suited to the latter, is just problem solving in the former.
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Chen, Yuan-yuan, and Shou-qiang Du. "A New Smoothing Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Method for Nonsmooth Equations with Finitely Many Maximum Functions." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/780107.
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The nonlinear conjugate gradient method is of particular importance for solving unconstrained optimization. Finitely many maximum functions is a kind of very useful nonsmooth equations, which is very useful in the study of complementarity problems, constrained nonlinear programming problems, and many problems in engineering and mechanics. Smoothing methods for solving nonsmooth equations, complementarity problems, and stochastic complementarity problems have been studied for decades. In this paper, we present a new smoothing nonlinear conjugate gradient method for nonsmooth equations with finitely many maximum functions. The new method also guarantees that any accumulation point of the iterative points sequence, which is generated by the new method, is a Clarke stationary point of the merit function for nonsmooth equations with finitely many maximum functions.
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Mylne, Joshua S., and Keith A. Stubbs. "Antimalarial Drugs as Inspiration for Herbicides." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_oct_05.
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In addition to good stewardship, the unabated rise in herbicide resistance and dearth of truly new herbicides demands that new molecules be found. Over 30 years ago, a chloroplast-like organelle was found in the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and herbicides demonstrated a close relationship existed to plants. Recently this idea was turned on its head by exploiting the boom in malaria research to search for new herbicide chemistry and it provided interesting starting points for development. The merit of such an approach is underlined by tetflupyrolimet, the first truly novel herbicide in 30 years, and whose target has been a popular subject for antimalarial drug development for 15 years. Which other antimalarial targets, drugs and drug leads might reach across the parasite-plant divide to inspire new herbicides?
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Deacon, Bob. "Sociopolitics or Social Policy: Bulgarian Welfare in Transition?" International Journal of Health Services 17, no. 3 (July 1987): 489–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/45la-t4l0-341r-276c.
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In this article, the author reviews the achievements and limitations of postwar Bulgarian social policy. A number of crisis points in contemporary social policy are identified. These include the worsening mortality rates of working people, the sharpening debate between allocation according to need or merit, and controversy surrounding subordination of family policy to economic and demographic considerations. The central irony of social policy in state socialist societies is well exemplified in Bulgaria. The more the official ideology of the regime regards the main purpose of social and political organization as being the meeting of human needs, the more easily and unashamedly any particular social policy can be an instrument of some wider economic, demographic, or other political purpose. The prospect for the emergence of an independent social policy is considered.
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Dong, Li, and Bin Wang. "Trajectory-Tracking Scheme in Lagrangian Form for Solving Linear Advection Problems: Preliminary Tests." Monthly Weather Review 140, no. 2 (February 2012): 650–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-10-05026.1.
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A Lagrangian linear advection scheme, which is called the trajectory-tracking scheme, is proposed in this paper. The continuous tracer field has been discretized as finite tracer parcels that are points moving with the velocity field. By using the inverse distance weighted interpolation, the density carried by parcels is mapped onto the fixed Eulerian mesh (e.g., regular latitude–longitude mesh on the sphere) where the result is rendered. A renormalization technique has been adopted to accomplish mass conservation on the grids. The major advantage of this scheme is the ability to preserve discontinuity very well. Several standard tests have been carried out, including 1D and 2D Cartesian cases, and 2D spherical cases. The results show that the spurious numerical diffusion has been eliminated, which is a potential merit for the atmospheric modeling.