Academic literature on the topic 'Merlin. French'
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Journal articles on the topic "Merlin. French"
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Chemin, Robert. "The French Network for Observing Comets and Small Solar-System Bodies." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110009285x.
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For the apparition of P/Halley the CNRS set up RCP639 (Cooperative Research Programme), one part of which was to coordinate French amateur work. This carried out a training programme, at first by publishing (with help from ESO) an observational manual (eds: J.L. Heudier, J.C. Merlin and M. Festou), and then by a series of courses covering astrometry, photography, visual magnitude estimation, and drawing of jets. These courses were provided by J.L. Heudier, J.C. Merlin and T. Laverge, and were taken by about 100 observers. The author was asked to undertake the organization of the section so that it might become a permanent network of observers of comets and minor bodies.
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Kennedy, Elspeth, and Aileen Ann Macdonald. "The Figure of Merlin in Thirteenth-Century French Romance." Modern Language Review 87, no. 4 (October 1992): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3731481.
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CLARK and FIELD. "THE AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY FRAGMENT OF THE OLD FRENCH PROSE "MERLIN"." Medium Ævum 61, no. 2 (1992): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/43629434.
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Ehret, Gerhard, Philippe Bousquet, Clémence Pierangelo, Matthias Alpers, Bruno Millet, James Abshire, Heinrich Bovensmann, et al. "MERLIN: A French-German Space Lidar Mission Dedicated to Atmospheric Methane." Remote Sensing 9, no. 10 (October 16, 2017): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs9101052.
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Berthelot, Anne. "The Figure of Merlin in Thirteenth Century French Romance.Aileen Ann Macdonald." Speculum 68, no. 4 (October 1993): 1167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2865560.
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Cassé, Vincent, Raymond Armante, Philippe Bousquet, Olivier Chomette, Cyril Crevoisier, Thibault Delahaye, Dimitri Edouart, et al. "Development and Validation of an End-to-End Simulator and Gas Concentration Retrieval Processor Applied to the MERLIN Lidar Mission." Remote Sensing 13, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 2679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142679.
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In the context of MERLIN (MEthane Remote LIdar missioN), a French–German spatial lidar mission dedicated to monitoring the atmospheric methane content, two software programs have been developed: LIDSIM (LIDar SIMulator) and PROLID (PROcessor LIDar). The objectives are to assess whether the instrument design meets the performance requirements and to study the sensitivity of this performance to geophysical parameters. LIDSIM is an end-to-end mission simulator and PROLID is a retrieval processor that provides mole fractions of methane in dry air, averaged over an atmospheric column. These two tools are described in this paper. Results of the validation tests and the first full orbit simulations are reported. Merlin target performance does not seem to be reachable but breakthrough performance is reached.
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Gruenbaum, Caroline. "The Quest for the “Charity Dish”: Interpretation in the Hebrew Arthurian Translation Melekh Artus (1279, Northern Italy)." Medieval Encounters 26, no. 6 (February 11, 2021): 517–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340087.
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Abstract This article analyzes Melekh Artus (King Arthur), a unique Hebrew translation of sections from the old French prose Merlin and mort Artu in the Lancelot-Grail cycle. Written in a single fragment from 1279 in northern Italy, this translation proves close Jewish engagement with old French texts. Through satirical biblical references and subtle critique of his material, the author reframes the Arthurian narrative to promote universal morals. Rather than Judaize the Arthurian canon and its Christian characters, he validates them as viable models for his Jewish audience.
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Morel, Kevin, Magali San Cristobal, and François Gilbert Léger. "Simulating incomes of radical organic farms with MERLIN: A grounded modeling approach for French microfarms." Agricultural Systems 161 (March 2018): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2017.08.006.
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Breeze, Andrew. "Arthur, la mer et la guerre, ed. Alban Gautier, Marc Rolland, and Michelle Szkilnik. Rencontres 289: Série Civilisation médiévale, 26. Paris: Classiques Garnier, 2017, 345 pp." Mediaevistik 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2019.01.28.
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Fifteen essays in English or French, the actes of a colloque international at Boulogne in 2014, offer novel approaches to Arthur vis-à-vis war and the sea. Simon Esmonde-Cleary (after an introduction by the editors) relates these entities to the historical Arthur; Stéphane Lebecq then considers Celt and Saxon in the mers de l’Ouest of the Dark Ages. Alban Gautier informs us on early Anglo-Saxons and the sea; Krista Kapphahn discusses Celtic Otherworld voyages and the Irish Sea; Charlotte Wulf attends to Geoffrey of Monmouth and his contemporaries on Channel crossings. Michelle Szkilnik describes naval expeditions in French Arthurian verse romance. Frédérique Laget examines narratives of Arthur in the context of Wales and the March, with the legendary king coming to resemble Edward I as instigator of a colonizing imperialistic British state. Irène Fabry-Tehranchi discusses representations of Arthur’s wars and Channel crossings in manuscript illuminations for the Suite Vulgate of Merlin; Anne-Cécile Le Ribeuz-Koenig analyzes war and the sea in isaïe le Triste.
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Badguerahanian, Léon, and Pier A. Abetti. "The rise and fall of the Merlin-Gerin Foundry Business: A case study in French corporate entrepreneurship." Journal of Business Venturing 10, no. 6 (November 1995): 477–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(95)00038-a.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Merlin. French"
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Campbell, Laura Jane. "Translation and Réécriture in the Middle Ages : rewriting Merlin in the French and Italian vernacular traditions." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/705/.
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This thesis will investigate the processes of translation and rewriting (réécriture) in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, through a study of the French and Italian Merlin corpus. In particular, it will focus upon the products of translation between vernacular languages, which, as a practice, displays a greater degree of heterogeneity than translations into the vernacular from Latin. Medieval translation will be studied through a comparative analysis of the story of Merlin’s conception in Robert de Boron’s Merlin and Paulino Pieri’s La Storia di Merlino, in addition to an examination of the translation of Merlin’s prophecies as recounted in the Prophecies de Merlin, the Storia and the Vita di Merlino. These instances of translation will be compared to and studied alongside the processes of intralingual réécriture. Rewriting within the French tradition will be investigated through an analysis of the interpretative transition from the Vulgate Estoire de Merlin to the Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin; in particular, the reinterpretations of Merlin’s prophetic discourse and the character of Merlin’s lover, Viviane, will be examined. The study will take as its methodological basis the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce, particularly the concept of semiosis; this defines interpretation as an exchange of signs, through which meaning is transmitted and developed. In this way, the Merlin corpus will be regarded as a continuum of interpretation, through which the meaning of narratives is interpreted by other signs, thought patterns and extra-textual cultural discourses; more broadly, the whole medieval tradition of translation and réécriture will also be regarded as a part of this same continuum, displaying the same interpretative patterns.
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Cretoiu, Elena. "La Suite du Roman de Merlin éditée d'après un manuscrit du XVe siècle : (Paris, BNF, fr. 112)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC001.
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Le fragment de la Suite du Roman de Merlin que nous éditons est conservé dans quatre manuscrits (ms. de Londres, British Library, Additional 38117, le ms. Cambridge University Library, Additional 7071, le ms. de la Bibilothèque Nationale de France, fr. 112 - ms. de base de notre édition, et le ms. d'Imola, Biblioteca Comunale, ms. 135 AA25 n o 9 (7)). Par rapport aux trois éditions de la Suite déjà existantes (O. Sommer, Die Abenteuer Gawains Ywains und Le Morholts mit Den Drei Jungfrauen (Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie, Beiheft 47, 1913), P. C. Smith (Les enchantemenz de Bretagne, Chapel Hill, 1977), édition réalisée à partir du ms. Cambridge, et G. Roussineau (La Suite du Roman de Merlin, Droz, 1996), édition effectuée essentiellement à partir du ms. de Londres), l'objectif de notre édition est de fournir un texte de la Suite du Roman de Merlin établi à partir du ms. BNF 112, selon les principes modernes d'édition des textes médiévaux, et comportant un apparat critique à deux niveaux. Nous avons essayé d'offrir un grand nombre de variantes détaillées, fournies par les autres témoins de l’œuvre, en limitant nos interventions à des corrections qui s'imposent. Le texte de l'édition est suivi par des notes explicatives, un glossaire et un index des noms propres. Sur le plan linguistique, nous avons relevé des traits qui rattachent notre ms. au domaine du Nord (conseilh ; karoloient, etc.), des tournures modernes par rapport aux autres témoins de l’œuvre et un certain nombre de termes (baudel ; pourvillier) qui peuvent enrichir la base du Dictionnaire du Moyen FrançaisThe fragment of the Suite du Roman de Merlin that we edited is preserved in four manuscripts (London manuscript, British Library, Additional 38117, the Cambridge University Library manuscript, Additional 7071, the BNF 112 manuscript, which is the main manuscript of our edition, and the Imola manuscript, Biblioteca Comunale, ms. 135 AA25 n° 9 (7)). Comparing to the other three already existing editions of the Suite (O. Sommer, Die Abenteuer Gawains Ywains und Le Morholts mit Den Drei Jungfrauen (Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie, Beiheft 47, 1913), P. C. Smith (Les enchantemenz de Bretagne, Chapel Hill, 1977), edition based upon the Cambridge manuscript, and G. Roussineau (La Suite du Roman de Merlin, Droz, 1996), edition mainly based upon the London manuscript), the aim of our edition is to offer a text of the Suite du Roman de Merlin based upon the BNF 112 manuscript, according to the modern principles applied in the transcription of the medieval texts. We offered a great number of variants given by the other manuscritpts of the Suite and limited our interference with the text only for corrections which we considered strictly necessary. The text of our edition is followed by notes, a glossary and an index of names. On the linguistic level, we noted regional caracteristics that lead us to consider that our manuscript belongs to the North domain (conseilh ; karoloient, etc.), modern structures comparing to the other manuscripts of the Suite and a certain number of termes (baudel ; pourvillier) which can improve the DMF (Dictionnaire du Moyen Français) basis
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Pinto, Jonas Farias. "Comportamento da plasticidade de plantas de soja frente a falhas e duplas dentro de uma população." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1533.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-17The seeder are designed to provide an even distribution of seeds in the field. Equipment failure, bad standardizing seeds and use of low quality seed to favor the emergence of faults and double plants in a crop. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior and the effects of faults and double plants on soybean productivity. Have been sown soybean seeds, variety CD 226 RR. Spacing of 6,5cm between plants and 50cm between rows were used. Sowing was done manually using three seeds per hole, ten days after the onset of the emergency were performed thinning leaving one plant per hole, two plants per hole (twin plants) and the occurrence of failures that made up the treatment plant as follows: PIN - Normal Individual Plan; PII - Isolated Single Plant, PIF 13 - Individual Plant located on the edge of failure 13cm; PIF 26 - Individual Plant located on the edge of failure 26cm; PIF 39 - Individual Plant located on the edge of failure 39cm; PIF 45,5 - Single Plant located on the edge of failure 45,5cm; NDP - Plant Normal Double; PDI - Dual Isolated Plant, PDF 13 - Double Plant located on the edge of failure 13cm, PDF 26 - Double Plant located on the edge of failure 26cm ; PDF 39 - Double Plant located at the edge of failure 39cm; PDF 45,5 - Double Plant located on the edge of failure 45,5cm. In the developmental stage R8 was evaluated in the field the following characteristics: plant height (cm), number of branches per plant and stem diameter (mm). In the laboratory we determined the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant (g) and productivity per unit area (kg.ha-1). Based on the results we obtained the following conclusions: failures from 1 up to 7 consecutive plants per linear meter cause reductions of 6 up to 38% in productivity; Increased production plant located on the edges of fault does not offset the loss of production caused the lack of plants; the occurrence of until one double plant per meter does not decrease productivity.
As semeadoras foram desenvolvidas para propiciar uma distribuição homogênea das sementes no campo. Falhas no equipamento, sementes mal padronizadas e utilização de sementes de baixa qualidade favorecem para o surgimento de falhas e de plantas duplas em uma lavoura. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento e os efeitos de falhas e duplos na produtividade da soja. Foram semeadas sementes de soja, cultivar CD 226 RR. Utilizou-se o espaçamento de 6,5cm entre plantas e 50cm entre linhas. A semeadura foi realizada manualmente utilizando-se 3 sementes por cova, dez dias após o início da emergência foram realizados desbastes deixando uma planta por cova, duas plantas por cova (plantas duplas) e a ocorrência de falhas de plantas que compuseram os tratamentos da seguinte forma: PIN - Planta Individual Normal; PII - Planta Individual Isolada; PIF 13 - Planta Individual localizada em borda de Falha 13cm; PIF 26 - Planta Individual localizada em borda de Falha 26cm; PIF 39 - Planta Individual localizada em borda de Falha 39cm; PIF 45,5 - Planta Individual localizada em borda de Falha 45,5cm; PDN - Planta Dupla Normal; PDI - Planta Dupla Isolada; PDF 13 - Planta Dupla localizada em borda de Falha 13cm, PDF 26 - Planta Dupla localizada em borda de Falha 26cm; PDF 39 - Planta Dupla localizada em borda de Falha 39cm; PDF 45,5 - Planta Dupla localizada em borda de Falha 45,5cm. No estádio fenológico R8 foram avaliadas as seguintes característica no campo: altura de plantas (cm), número de ramificações por planta, diâmetro do caule (mm). Em laboratório determinou-se o número de legumes por planta, número de sementes por planta, peso das sementes por planta (g) e produtividade por unidade de área (kg.ha-1). Com base nos resultados, obtiveram-se as seguintes conclusões: falhas de 1 a 7 plantas consecutivas por metro linear causam reduções na produtividade de 6 a 38%; o aumento da produção das plantas localizadas nas bordas das falhas não compensa a perda de produção causada pela falta de plantas; a ocorrência de até uma planta dupla por metro linear não diminui a produtividade.
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Leite, Caroline Junqueira Barcellos. "Efeito inibitório do óleo essencial de Cympopogon citratus (D.C). STAPF frenta à bactérias patogênicas e microbiota autóctone em suco de abacaxi (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril)." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8830.
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arquivototal.pdf: 1300332 bytes, checksum: 1ecfc84b4e141901d87821311427147b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T13:09:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1300332 bytes, checksum: 1ecfc84b4e141901d87821311427147b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-10
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The fruit production is very expressive in Brazil, especially the pineapple cultivation, Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill. Fruit that taste and intense aroma, used for industrialization juices, with a good acceptance for consumption. Although the fruit juice not be characterized as a means of frequent contamination of pathogenic microorganisms, the occurrence and the increase in cases of outbreaks bound by these foods is emerging. In this sense, the combination of antimicrobial properties of essential oils in different food matrices has led to investigation of these oils as food preservatives and their performance on the physicochemical properties and sensory product. Given this context, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (OECC), compared to bacterial contaminants of pineapple juice (Listeria monocytogens (ATCC7644), Escherichia coli (UFPEDA224) and Salmonella enterica Enteritidis Serova Serova (UFPE414) in mixed inoculum, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the influence of the application of OECC on growth and survival of the mixed inoculums. Moreover, the effectiveness of OECC was verified against the indigenous microbiota in pineapple juice; and the evaluation of physical, chemical and sensory parameters of juice with OECC. The value of MIC found was 5μL / mL against the mixed inoculum. Concentrations lower than MIC (2.5 uL / mL -CIM / 2 and 1.25 uL/ mL -CIM / 4) were able to decrease the count of L. monocytogenes and E. coli in pineapple juice values ≥ 5 log (CFU / mL) after 15minutes of exposure in the juice. S. enteritidis, the same level of inhibition was detected after 15 minutes exposure to concentrations in 5μL OECC / ml, 2.5 uL / mL. When OECC was incorporated into juice at a concentration of 1.25 uL / mL, a 1 hour time interval to establish a ≥ 5 log reduction in S. enteritidis was necessary. At concentrations of 0.6 uL / mL - MIF / 8, 1 h 45 min intervals were required to achieve a ≥ 5 log-in E. coli and L. monocytogenes, respectively; while, 12 h were necessary to achieve similar reduction in S. Enteritidis. The OECC (5 uL / mL, 2.5 uL / mL and 1.25 uL / ml) was able to reduce in ≥ 5 log count of mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, molds and yeasts that occur naturally in juice pineapple maximum time interval of 2 hr. A reduction of ≥ 5 log was not observed in microorganisms of the indigenous microbiota in the concentration of OECC (0.6 uL / mL). The physico-chemical properties (pH, titratable acidity and soluble solids) of pineapple juice containing the OECC (2.5 uL / mL-CIM / 2 and 1.25 uL / mL-CIM / 4) were kept in the control . The juice samples with OECC (2.5 uL / mL and 1.25 uL / mL) that passed through the sensory panel showed good acceptance for some sensory properties (appearance, odor, viscosity), but parameters of flavor, aftertaste and acceptance overall had unsatisfactory ratings of the panelists. The OECC proved to be an effective alternative in food safety and sensory attributes mentioned above when applied to pineapple juice. Therefore, further studies on the OECC pineapple juice with no additional thermal technology can be used to achieve a balance between the microbiological safety and sensory aspects of the product.
A produção frutífera é muito expressiva no Brasil, destacando-se o cultivo do abacaxi, Ananas comosus (L.) Merril. Fruta essa de sabor e aroma intenso, utilizada para industrialização de sucos, com uma boa aceitação para consumo. Apesar do suco de frutas não caracterizar-se como meio de contaminação frequente de micro-organismos patogênicos, a ocorrência e o aumento dos casos de surtos vinculados por esses alimentos vem surgindo. Nesse sentido, a combinação das propriedades antimicrobianas dos óleos essenciais em diferentes matrizes alimentares tem levado a investigação desses óleos como conservantes de alimento e sua atuação nas propriedades físico-químicas e sensoriais do produto. Diante deste contexto, este estudo objetivou avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus (OECC), frente a bactérias contaminantes de suco de abacaxi (Listeria monocytogens (ATCC7644), Escherichia coli (UFPEDA224) e Salmonella enterica Serova Enteritidis Serova (UFPE414) em inóculo misto, através da determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), bem como a influência da aplicação desse OECC no crescimento e sobrevivência do inóculo misto. Além disso, foi verificado a eficácia do OECC frente a microbiota autóctone no suco de abacaxi; e a avaliação dos parâmetros físico-químicos e sensoriais do suco com OECC. O valor da CIM encontrado foi de 5μL/mL frente ao inóculo misto. Concentrações inferiores a CIM ( 2,5 μL/mL -CIM/2 e 1,25 μL/mL -CIM/4) foram capazes de diminuir a contagem de L. monocytogenes e E. coli no suco de abacaxi a valores ≥ a 5 log ( UFC/mL) após 15minutos de exposição no suco. Para S. Enteritidis , o mesmo nível de inibição foi detectado após 15 minuto de exposição ao OECC nas concentrações de 5μL/mL, 2,5 μL/mL. Quando o OECC foi incorporado no suco na concentração de 1,25 μL/mL, foi necessário um intervalo de tempo de 1 hora para o estabelecimento de uma redução ≥ a 5 log em S. Enteritidis. Em concentrações de 0,6 μL/mL – CIM/8, intervalos de 1h e 45 min foram necessários para alcançar uma redução ≥ 5-log em E. coli e L. monocytogenes, respectivamente; enquanto, 12 h foram necessárias para alcançar similar redução em S. Enteritidis. O OECC (5 μL/mL, 2,5 μL/mL e 1,25 μL/mL) foi capaz de reduzir em ≥ a 5 log a contagem de bactérias mesófilas, bactérias ácido láticas e bolores e leveduras que ocorrem naturalmente em suco de abacaxi em intervalo de tempo máximo de 2 h. Uma redução de ≥ 5 log não foi observada em micro-organismos da microbiota autóctone na concentração de OECC (0,6 μL/mL). As propriedades físico-químicas (pH, acidez titulável e sólidos solúveis) do suco de abacaxi contendo o OECC (2,5 μL/mL-CIM/2 e 1,25 μL/mL-CIM/4) foram mantidas em relação ao controle. As amostras de suco com OECC (2,5 μL/mL e 1,25 μL/mL) que passaram pelo painel sensorial apresentaram boa aceitação para algumas propriedades sensoriais (aparência, odor, viscosidade), mas parâmetros de sabor, sabor residual e aceitação global tiveram avaliações insatisfatórias dos painelistas. O OECC mostrou-se como uma alternativa eficaz na segurança alimentar e nos atributos sensoriais acima citados quando aplicado em suco de abacaxi. Assim, estudos complementares do OECC em suco de abacaxi com tecnológicas complementares não térmicas podem ser utilizadas para se obter um equilíbrio entre a segurança microbiológica e os aspectos sensoriais do produto.
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Boulé-Roy, Émilie. "Renouveau du genre fantasy pour la jeunesse dans Ellana de Pierre Bottero." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12001.
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Le tournant des XXe et XXIe siècles coïncide avec l’essor de la littérature fantasy, héritière de nombreuses formes littéraires et cinématographiques. Plusieurs œuvres de ce corpus récent procèdent au renouvellement des paramètres conventionnels de la fantasy. Pierre Bottero prend part à cet effort par le truchement de la figure singulière d’une femme, Ellana, appartenant à la guilde des marchombres, et dont la quête de liberté renvoie à la recherche de dépassement de l’auteur. Après l’écriture de La Quête d’Ewilan (2003) et Les Mondes d’Ewilan (2005), Bottero se détourne en effet de la tradition tolkiénienne et de la légende arthurienne afin de mettre au point Le Pacte des marchombres, une trilogie qui relate l’émancipation du personnage d’Ellana par sa pratique d’une écriture « poétique ».
Le présent mémoire explore les potentialités de l’écriture fantasy qui se déploient au sein du récit Ellana (2006), premier volet de la dernière trilogie de Bottero. Ellana relève d’une pratique particulière de l’écriture transfictionnelle – le prequel – qui s’effectue à rebours. Bottero substitue à la figure de Merlin, mythe fondateur de ses premières trilogies, celle d’Ellana, qui en vient à jouer un rôle central au sein du cycle alavirien. Nous mettons en relief les principaux traits du genre fantasy dans le but d’identifier les topoï qu’Ellana reconduit ou transgresse. Parallèlement, nous procédons à l’étude de l’imaginaire bottérien dont la figure d’Ellana est tributaire. En faisant de la protagoniste une figure mythique, l’auteur construit l’image d’un féminin à la fois sauvage et gracieux que rien n’empêche de vivre indépendamment des hommes.Fantasy literature, heiress of many literary and cinematographic forms, has developed rapidly at the turn of the XXth and XXIst centuries. In this recent corpus, several works concur to the renewal of the conventional parameters of fantasy. Pierre Bottero takes part in this joint action through a singular feminine figure, Ellana, who belongs to the marchombre guild, and whose freedom quest refers to the author’s goal to dispel the commonplaces of fantasy genre. Indeed, after the writing of La Quête d’Ewilan (2003) and Les Mondes d’Ewilan (2005), Bottero moves away from tolkienian tradition and arthurian legend in order to create Le Pacte des marchombres, a trilogy relating the emancipation of Ellana’s figure by the way of a “poetical” writing practice. This thesis searches for fantasy writing’s potentialities that are observable in the book Ellana (2006), first volume of Bottero’s final trilogy. Ellana comes under a particular transfictional writing practice – the prequel – that is done back to front. While the first trilogies of Bottero are based on Merlin’s myth, the author changes the focus to Ellana’s figure who plays a pivotal role in the alavirian cycle. We highlight the main features of the fantasy genre with the aim to identify the topoï that Ellana renews or infringes. At the same time, we set about studying the botterian imaginary that Ellana’s figure is dependent on. By turning the protagonist into a mythical figure, the author builds the image of a wild yet graceful feminine that nothing prevents from living apart from men.
Books on the topic "Merlin. French"
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The figure of Merlin in thirteenth century French romance. Lewiston, N.Y: Edwin Mellen, 1990.
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Macdonald, Aileen Ann. The figure of Merlin in thirteenth century French romance. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1990.
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Heldris. Silence: A thirteenth-century French romance. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1999.
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Sarah, Roche-Mahdi, ed. Silence: A thirteenth-century French romance. East Lansing: Colleagues Press, 1992.
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Pour un tombeau de Merlin: Du barde celte à la poésie moderne. Paris: Corti, 2008.
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Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and post-Vulgate in translation. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2010.
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Lacy, Norris J. Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and post-Vulgate in translation. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2010.
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Lawman's Brut, an early Arthurian poem: A study of Middle English formulaic composition. Lewiston [N.Y.]: E. Mellen Press, 1991.
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Jones, Diana Wynne. La conspiration Merlin (French Edition). J'AI LU (�DITIONS), 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Merlin. French"
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Quaglioni, Diego. "Bodin e la teoria climatica in epoca moderna." In Studi e saggi, 25–47. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-160-0.03.
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It was Federico Chabod who recognized in Jean Bodin's theory of climate the merging, in the middle of the sixteenth century, of the «scattered seeds» of an essentially naturalistic idea of nation, still far from the modern conception of the nation as «a spiritual fact». Bodin (1529-1596) was one of the greatest exponents of French legal humanism. Reworking and updateing in his major works (Methodus, 1566; République, 1576-1586; Universae naturae theatrum, 1596) a long dating back theme, Bodin presented the characters of nations as dependent on climatic situations: the cold north with the torpid ingenuity of the inhabitants, the hot south with subtle ingenuity, and the middle zone of temperate nations. That theory, which soon became a stereotype until its reworking in Montesquieu's Esprit des lois, actually played a more decisive role in the genesis of the modern concept of nation, made visible for the first time, albeit in a symbolic and imaginary way.
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Habyarimana, Ephrem, and Sofia Michailidou. "Genomic Prediction and Selection in Support of Sorghum Value Chains." In Big Data in Bioeconomy, 207–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_16.
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AbstractGenomic prediction and selection models (GS) were deployed as part of DataBio project infrastructure and solutions. The work addressed end-user requirements, i.e., the need for cost-effectiveness of the implemented technologies, simplified breeding schemes, and shortening the time to cultivar development by selecting for genetic merit. Our solutions applied genomic modelling in order to sustainably improve productivity and profits. GS models were implemented in sorghum crop for several breeding scenarios. We fitted the best linear unbiased predictions data using Bayesian ridge regression, genomic best linear unbiased predictions, Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and BayesB algorithms. The performance of the models was evaluated using Monte Carlo cross-validation with 70% and 30%, respectively, as training and validation sets. Our results show that genomic models perform comparably with traditional methods under single environments. Under multiple environments, predicting non-field evaluated lines benefits from borrowing information from lines that were evaluated in other environments. Accounting for environmental noise and other factors, also this model gave comparable accuracy with traditional methods, but higher compared to the single environment model. The GS accuracy was comparable in genomic selection index, aboveground dry biomass yield and plant height, while it was lower for the dry mass fraction of the fresh weight. The genomic selection model performances obtained in our pilots are high enough to sustain sorghum breeding for several traits including antioxidants production and allow important genetic gains per unit of time and cost.
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Simpson, James R. "Melly and Merlin." In Shaping Identity in Medieval French Literature, 107–20. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056432.003.0009.
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Studying BnF fr. 24432 and focusing particularly on Jehan de Saint Quentin’s Merlin Mellot, James Simpson uncovers the uncertain space where marginalized individuals belong—or half-belong—to a community. It demonstrates that voice is a living presence in Merlin Mellot, highlighting also the influence of epic on this version of the tale. With an emphasis on collections of small objects and the role of exchange, the chapter uncovers the tensions created between faith communities by differing material and spiritual values. Voice is suggestive or directive, whispering or booming, and central to the narratives examined here to a startling degree. In the end, the “little voices” in the manuscript speak to the construction of identities.
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"Merlin de Douai, Philippe-Antoine (1754–1838)." In A New Dictionary of the French Revolution. I.B. Tauris, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755622771.ch-0228.
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"Merlin de Thionville, Antoine-Christophe (1762–1833)." In A New Dictionary of the French Revolution. I.B. Tauris, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755622771.ch-0229.
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Gingras, Francis. "The Devil Inside." In Shaping Identity in Medieval French Literature, 92–106. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056432.003.0008.
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This chapter argues that the founding of the Arthurian world rests on otherness thanks to the role of Merlin, a character simultaneously good and bad. Examining works spanning the centuries from Geoffrey of Monmouth and Wace to the late thirteenth-century Claris et Laris, the study traces the tale of Merlin’s origins along with the story of Arthur’s conception. Whether the texts treat the material directly or indirectly through allusions, they all elicit questions concerning the relationship between history and fable, truth and lies. While early works privilege the historical aspects, Robert de Boron blurs the boundary between fiction and history, and Claris et Laris abandons claims to historical truth and chooses to underscore fiction instead. Ultimately, the chapter concludes, the genre of romance resides on the permeable boundary between history and fiction.
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Kuisel, Richard F. "Reflections." In The French Way. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151816.003.0008.
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This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some thoughts about Franco-American relations. It also discusses the reasons why the French were more eager to confront America than other Europeans. First, more than other Europeans, the French aspired to, and had the means to exercise, international leadership. If they conceded that they lagged behind the hyperpower, they were still persuaded that they were an elite nation with the power, both hard and soft, as well as the experience and self-confidence, to merit a commanding position in Europe and beyond. More keenly than others the French also distrusted American hegemony, found it unreliable and self-serving, and linked the United States with the invasive process of globalization. Second, American practices and values targeted signifiers of identity more closely in France than they did those of its neighbors.
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Anaut, Marie, Bernard Chouvier, and Jeanne Tyrrell. "North African and French Children Placed in Care: A Comparative Study of Psychosocial and Educational Outcomes." In Merging Past, Present, and Future in Cross-Cultural Psychology, 442–49. Garland Science, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003077473-51.
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Anaut, Marie, Bernard Chouvier, and Jeanne Tyrrell. "North African and French Children Placed in Care: A Comparative Study of Psychosocial and Educational Outcomes." In Merging Past, Present, and Future in Cross-Cultural Psychology, 442–49. Garland Science, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077473-51.
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Sonenscher, Michael. "The Entitlements of Merit." In Sans-Culottes. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691180809.003.0005.
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This chapter shows how the moral and social dimensions of the subject of army reform grew out of the range of questions that it generated about property and inheritance, as against merit and distinction, in determining both the composition of the French nobility and its relationship to the French royal government. Getting the peacocks to pay raised a number of political dilemmas, however. These, in turn, helped to rule out the old vision of a powerful reforming monarch as the solution to absolute government's financial problems. The political history of the French Revolution thus began with the unavailability of this alternative. Irrespective of the damage done by the argument over military reform to any plausible prospect of relying on Louis XVI to be a patriot king, the model itself pulled strongly against both the realities of modern war finance and the more urgent political need to consolidate the royal debt.
Conference papers on the topic "Merlin. French"
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Livrozet, Marie J., Florian Elsen, Jochen Wüppen, Jens Löhring, Christian Büdenbender, Andreas Fix, Bernd Jungbluth, and Dieter Hoffmann. "Feasibility and performance study for a space-borne 1645nm OPO for French-German satellite mission MERLIN." In SPIE LASE, edited by W. Andrew Clarkson and Ramesh K. Shori. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2041422.
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Elsen, Florian, Matthias Heinzig, Marie J. Livrozet, Jens Löhring, Jochen Wüppen, Christian Büdenbender, Andreas Fix, Bernd Jungbluth, and Hans-Dieter Hoffmann. "Feasibility and performance study for a space-borne 1645 nm OPO for French-German satellite mission MERLIN." In SPIE Photonics Europe, edited by Jacob I. Mackenzie, Helena JelÍnková, Takunori Taira, and Marwan Abdou Ahmed. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2052396.
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Zéninari, V., R. Vallon, B. Parvitte, T. Delahaye, and H. Tran. "Line profile study of the R6 multicomponent of CH4 around 1.6 μm for the French-German climate mission MERLIN." In 3D Image Acquisition and Display: Technology, Perception and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/3d.2016.jt3a.13.
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Delahaye, Thibault, Joseph Hodges, Stephen Maxwell, Zachary Reed, and Thi Tran. "SPEED-DEPENDENT BROADENING AND LINE-MIXING IN CH4 PERTURBED BY AIR NEAR 1.64 μm FOR THE FRENCH/GERMAN CLIMATE MISSION MERLIN." In 70th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2015.rf05.
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Amarasinghe, D. A. S., A. M. P. B. Samarasekara, W. A. D. P. Madhuwanthi, and D. N. S. Dammage. "Nano-Silver Impregnated Wrapping Film to Keep Fruit Fresh." In 2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon.2018.8422003.
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Weerasinghe, T. G. P. L., and S. M. A. Nanayakkara. "Modelling of early age tensile strain development of fresh concrete." In 2016 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon.2016.7480144.
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Kariapper, A. B. Y., and D. Nanayakkara. "A New Approach to Predict the Porosity of Pervious Concrete at Its Fresh State." In 2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon.2018.8421982.
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López-Villar, Rebeca. "La bruja que existe pero no se ve: la invisibilidad cinematográfica como estrategia generadora de terror, desde Rebeca hasta La bruja de Blair." In IV Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales. ANIAV 2019. Imagen [N] Visible. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2019.8965.
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En un contexto audiovisual caracterizado por el exceso y el abuso figurativo, parece que funcionan mejor aquellas películas terroríficas en las que el elemento monstruoso no se muestra ante los ojos del espectador. La finalidad de este texto será entonces comprobar si, frente a las representaciones cinematográficas normativas, la no-presentación de la figura de la bruja favorece en la contemporaneidad audiovisual a los objetivos de las películas de terror. Consideraremos además los posibles motivos que propician la asiduidad del motivo brujesco femenino (invisible o no) en las producciones cinematográficas de terror, cuestión que parece deberse al hecho de que el horror subraya lo diferente, y la bruja puede ser entendida como ese otro monstruoso y terrible. La asociación de la mujer con la otredad parece ser lo que favorece que la bruja se convierta en el estereotipo terrorífico ideal según las normas del patriarcado. Partiremos del paradigma de la invisibilidad perversa asociada a lo brujesco, la señora de Winter (Rebeca, Alfred Hitchcock, 1940), para reflexionar sobre determinados filmes recientes, como La bruja de Blair (Adam Wingard, 2016). Realizaremos un estudio basado en la confrontación, estableciendo analogías entre estas películas sin brujas palpables y aquellas otras en las que lo brujeril se vuelve exagerado y cargado de estereotipos: Hansel y Gretel: Cazadores de brujas (Tommy Wirkola, 2013), Expediente Warren: The Conjuring (James Wan, 2013), La noche de la bruja (Alex Merkin, 2017), etc. Concluiremos observando si en los casos de estudio analizados encontramos diferencias notables deducidas del modo en que se presenta el monstruo; esto es, si se generan significados distintos en función del grado de visibilidad del elemento brujesco, y si los efectos producidos en el espectador varían.
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Rios, Amanda, and Laurent Itti. "Closed-Loop Memory GAN for Continual Learning." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/462.
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Sequential learning of tasks using gradient descent leads to an unremitting decline in the accuracy of tasks for which training data is no longer available, termed catastrophic forgetting. Generative models have been explored as a means to approximate the distribution of old tasks and bypass storage of real data. Here we propose a cumulative closed-loop memory replay GAN (CloGAN) provided with external regularization by a small memory unit selected for maximum sample diversity. We evaluate incremental class learning using a notoriously hard paradigm, single-headed learning, in which each task is a disjoint subset of classes in the overall dataset, and performance is evaluated on all previous classes. First, we show that when constructing a dynamic memory unit to preserve sample heterogeneity, model performance asymptotically approaches training on the full dataset. We then show that using a stochastic generator to continuously output fresh new images during training increases performance significantly further meanwhile generating quality images. We compare our approach to several baselines including fine-tuning by gradient descent (FGD), Elastic Weight Consolidation (EWC), Deep Generative Replay (DGR) and Memory Replay GAN (MeRGAN). Our method has very low long-term memory cost, the memory unit, as well as negligible intermediate memory storage.
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Ourives, Eliete Auxiliadora, Attilio Bolivar Ourives de Figueiredo, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves de Figueiredo, Milton Luiz Horn Vieira, Isabel Cristina Victoria Moreira, and Francisco Gómez Castro. "A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ABORDAGEM SISTÊMICA NA ERGONOMIA PARA UM DESIGN FUNCIONAL." In Systems & Design 2017. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/sd2017.2017.6648.
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RESUMO A abordagem sistêmica é um processo interdisciplinar, cujo princípio primordial é compreender a interdependência recíproca e relações de todas as áreas e da necessidade de sua integração, permitindo maior aproximação entre os seus limites de estudo. Nesse contexto o olhar sistêmico, da ergonomia, sobretudo no que se refere à segurança, ao conforto e à eficácia de uso, de funcionalidade e de operacionalidade dos objetos, considerando todos os produtos ou sistemas de produtos, como sistema de uso, desde os mais simples aos mais complexos ou sistêmicos, tem como objetivo adequá-los aos seres humanos, tendo em vista as atividades e tarefas exercidas por eles. No que se refere ao design funcional, os conhecimentos da ergonomia, nessa visão sistêmica, relativos à sua metodologia de projeto, são absolutamente necessários, e a sua aplicação aponta a melhor adequação dos produtos aos seus usuários. Como é o caso do vestuário feminino funcional, sobretudo no que se refere a proteção das mamas, que são peças convencionais que necessitam de um correto dimensionamento e especificação dos tecidos e de outros materiais. É um tipo de vestuário que apresenta funcionalidade diversa, como para a proteção física, o aumento do volume da mama, enchimento no bojo de pano, de água, de óleo, estruturado com arame, etc.; para amamentação (sutiã que se abre na frente, em parte ou totalmente); para o design inclusivo (pessoas com deficiência e mobilidade reduzida, no caso de mamas com prótese ou órtese) facilitando com fechamentos e aberturas colocadas em peças de roupas difíceis de manusear, roupas confortáveis e fáceis de vestir. São peças usadas por pessoas com biótipos e percentis antropométricos variáveis e com características corporais que mudam significativamente nas passagens para a adolescência, idade adulta e idosa. As mudanças corporais apresentam diferenças significativas em termos de volume das mamas, nas quais as soluções ergonômicas por uma abordagem sistêmicas que se evidencia mais para a complexidade de uso, são as mais necessárias em termos de atributos como, segurança, conforto, comodidade corporal, facilidade do vestir, funcionalidade, além da estética. Esta pesquisa, embora exploratória e descritiva, não isenta de desafios, tem por objetivo, por meio de dados e informações ergonômicas sistêmicas contribuir com o design funcional, de modo a oferecer subsídios para a confecção de roupas funcionais ou tecnologia vestível, com os atributos citados, respeitando a diversidade e inclusão das pessoas em todas as fases de sua vida, atendendo assim os princípios formais do design. Palavra-chave: Abordagem sistêmica, Ergonomia, Design funcional. REFERENCIAS AROS, Kammiri Corinaldesi. Elicitação do processo projetual do Núcleo de Abordagem Sistêmica do Design da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Orientador: Luiz Fernando Gonçalves de Figueiredo – Florianópolis, SC, 2016. BERTALANFFY, Ludwig V. Teoria geral dos sistemas: fundamentos, desenvolvimento e aplicações. 3. ed. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 2008. BEST, Kathryn. Fundamentos de gestão do design. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2012. 208 p. CHIAVENATO, I. Gestão de pessoas. 3ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2010. CORRÊA, Vanderlei Moraes; BOLETTI, Rosane Rosner. Ergonomia: fundamentos e aplicações. Bookman Editora, 2015.MERINO, Eugenio. Fundamentos da ergonomia. 2011. Disponível em: <https://moodle.ufsc.br/pluginfile.php/2034406/mod_resource/content/1/Ergo_Fundamentos.pdf>. Acesso em: 24 Mar 2017. DIAS E. C. Condições de vida, trabalho, saúde e doença dos trabalhadores rurais no Brasil. In: Pinheiro TMM, organizador. Saúde do trabalhador rural –RENAST. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2006.p. 1-27. GIL, A. C. Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa. 4. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2010. GOMES FILHO, J. Ergonomia do objeto: sistema técnico de leitura ergonômica. São Paulo: Escrituras Editora, 2003. GUIMARÃES, L. B. M. (ed). Ergonomia de Processo. Porto Alegre, v.2, PPGE/UFRGS, 2000. IIDA, I. Ergonomia: projeto e produção. 2ª ed rev. e ampl. – São Paulo: Edgard Blucher, 2005. MANZINI, Ezio. Design para inovação social e sustentabilidade: comunidades criativas, organizações colaborativas e novas redes projetuais. Rio de Janeiro: E-Papers, 2008, 104p. MARCONI, M. A.; Lakatos, E. M. Fundamentos de metodologia científica. São Paulo: Atlas, 2007. Pandarum, R., Yu, W., and Hunter, L., 2011. 3-D breast anthropometry of plus-sized women in South Africa. Ergonomics, 54(9), 866–875. McGhee, D.E., Steele, J.R., and Munro, B.J., 2008. Sports bra fitness. Wollongong (NSW): Breast Research Australia. McGhee, D.E., Steele, J.R., and Munro, B.J., 2010. Education improves bra knowledge and fit, and level of breast support in adolescent female athletes: a cluster-randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, 56, 19–24. Pechter, E.A., 1998. A new method for determining bra size and predicting postaugmentation breast size. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 102 (4), 1259–1265. RICHARDSON, R. J. Pesquisa social: métodos e técnicas. 3 ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2008. RIO, R. P. DO; PIRES, L. Ergonomia: fundamentos da prática ergonômica, 3ª Ed., Editora LTr, 2001. SANTOS, N. ET AL. Antropotecnologia: A Ergonomia dos sistemas de Produção. Curitiba: Gênesis, 1997. VASCONCELLOS, Maria José Esteves de. Pensamento sistêmico: O novo paradigma da ciência. 10ª ed. Campinas, SP: Papirus, 2013. WEERDMEESTER, J. D. e B. Ergonomia Prática. São Paulo: Edgard Blucher, 2001. WHITE, J.; SCURR, J. Evaluation of professional bra fitting criteria for bra selection and fitting in the UK. Ergonomics, 1–8. 2012. WHITE, J.;SCURR, J.; SMITH, N. The effect of breast support on kinetics during overground running performance. Ergonomics, Taylor & Francis. 52 (4), 492–498. 2009.
Reports on the topic "Merlin. French"
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world