Academic literature on the topic 'Mermaid'

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Journal articles on the topic "Mermaid"

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Davis, Tracy C., and Sara Malou Strandvad. "Aquarium Mermaids: Multiskilled Entrepreneurs in the Creative Economy." TDR/The Drama Review 64, no. 1 (March 2020): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00899.

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Since 2011, multiskilled “entreployees” have navigated the creative economy and forged employment for themselves in aquariums around the world. These mermaid performers plunge into tanks and portray chimerical “belonging” in the aquatic environment. While mermaid shows can easily be debunked as gimmicky commercial entertainment that exploits female sexuality, performers display exceptional skills and not only instill belief in mermaids in young visitors, but also raise awareness about ecological issues.
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Dartsch, Ruth C., Simone Kraut, Tim Mayer, Andreas Gabel, Alexander Dietrich, Norbert Weissmann, Beate Fuchs, and Fenja Knoepp. "Use of FRET-Sensor ‘Mermaid’ to Detect Subtle Changes in Membrane Potential of Primary Mouse PASMCs." Cells 13, no. 12 (June 20, 2024): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells13121070.

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Subtle changes in the membrane potential of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are pivotal for controlling pulmonary vascular tone, e.g., for initiating Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction, a vital mechanism of the pulmonary circulation. In our study, we evaluated the ability of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based voltage-sensor Mermaid to detect such subtle changes in membrane potential. Mouse PASMCs were isolated and transduced with Mermaid-encoding lentiviral vectors before the acceptor/donor emission ratio was assessed via live cell FRET-imaging. Mermaid’s sensitivity was tested by applying specific potassium chloride (KCl) concentrations. These KCl concentrations were previously validated by patch clamp recordings to induce depolarization with predefined amplitudes that physiologically occur in PASMCs. Mermaid’s emission ratio dose-dependently increased upon depolarization with KCl. However, Mermaid formed unspecific intracellular aggregates, which limited the usefulness of this voltage sensor. When analyzing the membrane rim only to circumvent these unspecific signals, Mermaid was not suitable to resolve subtle changes in the membrane potential of ≤10 mV. In summary, we found Mermaid to be a suitable alternative for reliably detecting qualitative membrane voltage changes of more than 10 mV in primary mouse PASMCs. However, one should be aware of the limitations associated with this voltage sensor.
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Pressman, Jessica. "Hooked on Mermaids." Minnesota Review 2023, no. 101 (November 1, 2023): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00265667-10770219.

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This article is part reflection on how academic disciplines can stymie creative scholarship and part critical effort to break out of that orientation to reclaim the author’s personal passion for mermaids as subject for scholarly analysis. Pressman argues that contemporary mermaid literature has much to tell us about our most pressing social, cultural, and political issues. This article takes as its starting point the racist backlash over Disney’s 2019 casting announcement for its 2023 feature film and the 2020 antiracist graffiti on The Little Mermaid statue in Copenhagen as the complex site for assessing the entanglements and inner workings of cultural memory. Following Rita Felski’s call to pursue attachment over critical detachment in scholarship, this article enacts creative-critical attention via a focus on mermaids in contemporary public discourse.
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Tenold, Stig, and Bård Gram Økland. "Mermaids Ashore: The Norwegian Mermaid Association, 1964–1989." Mariner's Mirror 105, no. 2 (April 2019): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2019.1553921.

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Cornitius, Susan Hall. "Mermaid." English Journal 82, no. 8 (December 1993): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/819603.

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Conte, F. S., and A. Ahmadi. "Mermaid." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 9, no. 3 (July 2018): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2018070103.

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Mermaid is a new decision support tool for managing shellfish growing areas. It is written in Visual Basic for Application (VBA) language and uses Microsoft Excel for input, calculation, and output modules. The program automatically imports the regulatory agency's data and generates scattergrams that can be used as decision support tools to help decide which shellfish growing areas should be closed and which ones should be open for harvest. The Mermaid program uses the equations developed by the Pearl model that provide more sensitive and accurate measures of sanitation safety for consumption of shellfish, and are more accurate than the U.S. National Standards.
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Herbert, Dennis Scott. "Mermaid." Minnesota review 2016, no. 87 (2016): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00265667-3630616.

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Marhatta, Nisha, and Deepali Raina. "Mermaid syndrome." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 5 (April 27, 2017): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171988.

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Sirenomelia, alternatively known as Mermaid Syndrome, is a very rare congenital deformity in which the legs are fused together, giving them the appearance of a mermaid's tail. This syndrome was originally stated by Rocheas and Palfya in 16th century. It occurs in about 1 in 100,000 live births. It is also associated with multiple anomalies like renal agenesis, ambiguous external genitalia, imperforate anus, blind intestinal loop and single umbilical artery. Occasionally double inferior Venacava, dextrocardia and angiomatous lumbosacral myelocystocele are reported as well. Most of the Sirenomelia come to an end as stillbirth. Only a few are born alive and survival beyond few hours after delivery is extremely rare. About 300 cases have been reported in the world literature so far.
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Avrami, Yuval. "Mermaids and Drag Gueens: A Queer Look at Mermaiding." Journal of Posthumanism 3, no. 3 (October 31, 2023): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/joph.v3i3.1972.

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Mermaiding is the practice of wearing a tail designed to look like that of a fish. In this work I look at this phenomenon from the lens of gender and performance, aiming to understand if mermaiding constitutes a form of drag, by establishing the position of the mermaid symbol in queer and transgender spaces, then comparing testimonies of drag performers and professional and amateur mermaids. I also look at this practice through the lens of post-human theory, determining in which ways the mermaid body constitutes an object of identification for the person wearing a tail. By doing so, I demonstrate the similarities between the phenomena and their meaning, and show that the emergence of this practice affirms posthuman predictions of a future where the connection between human body and identity dissolve and enable new, hybrid identities.
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Han, Yang-ha. "A Study on the Character of a Male Mermaid General seen through General Seolun Shrine Tales." Society Of Korean Oral Literature 72 (March 31, 2024): 313–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22274/koralit.2024.72.009.

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This study aims to investigate the character of a male mermaid general in the shrine tale General Seolun handed down on the islands near Suu Island, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. This study found that although male mermaids rarely appear in Korean dang-folk tales or literary records, this folk tale called General Seolun has been handed down on the Suu and the nearby islands in Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do and that there is a shrine called ‘Jiryeongsa’ on Suu Island. Therefore, a shrine ceremony was held, and a character study of the shrine god ‘General Seolun’ was necessary. The shrine tale, General Seolun, was recorded by Kim Young-il from 1992 to 1996. Based on the transcription, the morphological characteristics of the dang-folk tale were identified by comparing the original interpretation of the shaman myth and the folktale structure. The morphological characteristics were revealed through the Janggundang-related tale by focusing on the shrine tale told at the shrine on a small island that was unknown at the time. This can be seen as an outstanding achievement in research. However, it also signifies the meaning of the character ‘male mermaid general’ and its narrative, which was deemed insufficient. This study was based on existing and added data after a visit to Suu Island in October 2023 to find the kind of person Seolun was as a ‘male mermaid general’. The oral data of General Seolun was reviewed and organized by dividing it into birth and miracles, growth and trials, death, and transmission attitude. The narrative characteristics reveal ambivalent meanings, such as the fate of loyalists and traitors in birth and activity, the existence of humans and non-humans in their mysterious abilities, and fear and gratitude given to the inheritors in the death stage. The shrine tale, which forms an ambivalent pair of opposites, depicts General Seolun as a character who changes through opposing values at each stage of the narrative. As a ‘male mermaid general’ in shrine tales, Seolun was, firstly, a male traitor regarding gender and possessed peripheral masculinity. Second, as biological beings, male mermaids are middle-earth beings between the god of water and humans, possessing extraordinary abilities representing physical characteristics. Third, he is a general who realizes the wishes of the fishermen regarding succession. Unlike the historically real general god, this can be seen as the fact that the contemporary perceptions and desires of the transmitters formed the shrine tale of Seolun as a ‘male mermaid general.’
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mermaid"

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Sarratt, Taylor. "MERMAID RUMSPRINGA." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/87.

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Mermaid Rumspringa is a short story collection that focuses primarily on female protagonists at different stages in their lives. It is an exploration into the effects society has on young people, the way in which mental health issues manifest in young minds, and the way the people who are closest to the individuals dealing with these issues try to adapt and understand them, and in some cases, completely ignore them. This collection utilizes magical elements to try and soften the blow of the serious issues that are being explored both internally and externally within each of the individual stories. These stories present as allegories, as well as classic story tropes with intricate twists and subversions, to make the readers uncomfortable within their comfort zones. As a whole, these stories fit in nicely within the speculative fiction spectrum, and they draw the attention of the average millennial.
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Polanco, Raquel. ""He's a Human, You're a Mermaid": Narrative Performance in Disney's The Little Mermaid." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30429/.

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Disney animation represents a powerful source of economic and cultural production. However, following the death of Walt Disney, the animation division found itself struggling to survive. It was not until the 1989 release of the hugely successful animated film The Little Mermaid that Disney would reclaim its domination among children's cultural producers. Additionally, The Little Mermaid inaugurated a shift in Disney's portrayals of gender as the company replaced the docile passive princess characteristic of its previous animated films with a physically active and strong willed ambitious heroine. Grounded in an understanding of Disney's cultural significance as dominant storyteller, the present study explores gender in The Little Mermaid by means of narrative performativity. Specifically, I analyze the film's songs "Part of Your World," "Under the Sea," and "Poor Unfortunate Souls" as metonymic narrative performances of gender that are (1) embodied, (2) materially situated, (3) discursively embedded and (4) capable of legitimating and critiquing existing power relations.
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St, John Jane Elizabeth. "The Mermaid of Champion Mill." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05302008-110344/.

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Three Missoula misfits stumble upon a mermaid in an abandoned lot. The mermaid becomes the center of a freak show in which the three misfits perform their individual quirks for a constantly growing audience. Gradually, the repeated performances take their toll and the misfits find themselves physically mutating in unexpected and disturbing ways.
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Ågren, Linda. "Linguistic sexism in mermaid tales : a study of linguistic sexism involving the mermaid figure in films." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-11764.

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Do, Rozario Rebecca-Anne Charlotte. "Disney animated and theatrical musicals : interpreting the magic from The little mermaid to The little mermaid." Monash University, Centre for Drama and Theatre Studies, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5660.

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Nikolaenko, E. U., and V. V. Gargin. "Syndrome mermaid - severe syndrome of caudal regression." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55018.

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Congenital limb malformations rank behind congenital heart disease as the most common birth defects observed in infants. The term «sirenomelia» («mermaid syndrome») is derived from the physical similarity of the affected fetus to mythical creatures mermaids - charming women with the lower part of the body in the form of a fish tail, where there is a fusion of the lower extremities and partial or complete fusion of the feet.
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Lewis, Alicen M. "Fish Out of Water: A Transmedia Adaptation of The Little Mermaid." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/601.

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Fish Out of Water: A Transmedia Adaptation of The Little Mermaid is a critical examination of how by using transmedia approaches to storytelling we are able to make characters with less common background more relatable. In this project the story of Maria, a first generation student, is told through the mediums of vlogs, blog posts, tumblr, and twitter.
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Batchelor, Jenna Lynette. "Representations of camp in Disney's 101 Dalmatians and The little mermaid." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/batchelorj/jennabatchelor.pdf.

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Světlík, Martin. "Výpočet zatížení a pevnostní kontrola křídla a ocasních ploch letounu Mermaid." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228118.

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The amphibious fullmetall plane Mermaid is made by company Czech Aircraft Works in Kunovice. Subject of this diploma thesis was involve changes of structure, which pass through during development, to calculation. Within this published work was process: Load calculation of wing Stress analysis of wing Load calculation of aileron Load calculation of flap Load calculation of horizontail tail
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Wang, Yi-Han. "Cinderella or Little Mermaid? : transition stories and changing identities of foreign wives in Taiwan." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444748.

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Books on the topic "Mermaid"

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Brooke, Bonnie. The Little Mermaid: A Mermaid's Song. Ashland, OH: Bendon, 2014.

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Mermaid. London: Allison & Bush, 1992.

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Millar, Margaret. Mermaid. New York City: International Polygonics, 1991.

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illustrator, Anderson Laura Ellen, ed. Mermaid. London: Scholastic, 2015.

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Disney's the little mermaid. Bath: Parragon, 2010.

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Dawn, Apperley, ed. Mermaid Fire: Not Quite a Mermaid #1. London: Puffin, 2005.

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Mermaid Island: Not Quite a Mermaid #2. London: Puffin, 2005.

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Mermaid Friends: Not Quite a Mermaid #3. London: Puffin, 2006.

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(Illustrator), Annabel Hudson, ed. Mermaid Magic (Mermaids). Macmillan Children's Books, 2004.

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Maruega. Mermaid Journal: Mermaid Journal, Mermaid Journal for Girls, Women Mermaid Themed Gift for Girls Who Like Mermaids and Mermaid Lovers. Independently Published, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mermaid"

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Cowderoy, A. J. C., J. O. Jenkins, and A. Poulymenakou. "The MERMAID Project." In Software Engineering Economics and Declining Budgets, 61–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78878-9_4.

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Rousu, Matthew C. "The Little Mermaid." In Broadway and Economics, 159–60. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315168364-79.

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Wesseling, Lies. "Curtailment in Mermaid Lore." In On Disney, 39–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64625-0_3.

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Baker, Samuel. "“The Forsaken Merman,” “The Little Mermaid,” and early modernism." In The Aesthetics of the Undersea, 97–110. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge environmental humanities: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429444203-8.

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Wesseling, Elisabeth. "Chapter 2. Transcorporeality in 21st-century mermaid tales." In Children’s Literature, Culture, and Cognition, 20–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/clcc.16.02wes.

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This chapter takes its cue from the dominant presence of the mermaid trope in 21st-century media culture. It opens with a sampling of contemporary mermaid figurations, which are driven by the desire to break out of the Romantic paradigm as shaped by Hans Christian Andersen’s The Little Mermaid and its various Disney adaptations. This paradigm is premised on a heteronormative love plot, with a rigid gender binary and a persistent emphasis on the superiority of humans over more-than-humans. In 21st-century adaptations, it is the other way around, but a mere reversal of a hierarchy does not suffice for breaking out of a binary system. The chapter concludes with a close textual analysis of Lampje by Annet Schaap, a Dutch children’s novel that projects a world in which humans, animals, and things intra-act with each other on an equal footing, moving beyond human exceptionalism.
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Koundouri, Phoebe, Laura Airoldi, Arjen Boon, Amerissa Giannouli, Eleftherios Levantis, Aris Moussoulides, Marian Stuiver, and Stella Tsani. "Introduction to the MERMAID Project." In The Ocean of Tomorrow, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55772-4_1.

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Pearson, Terry. "The Mermaid in the Church." In Profane Arts of the Middle Ages, 105–21. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.pama-eb.3.850.

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Gray, Amber. "Fathoms Below: An In-Depth Examination of the Mermaid in Young Adult Literature, 2010–2015." In Beyond the Blockbusters, 51–62. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496827135.003.0004.

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In response to the rise of young adult paranormal romance in the mid-2000s, more than thirty young adult novels with mermaids as central characters (many of which belonged to multi-volume series) were published between 2010 and 2015.This chapter investigates the complex history of mermaids in fiction, examines the figure of the mermaid and the protagonist’s position between worlds in mermaid-themed young adult novels, and explores how mermaid characters illustrate the possibility of identity and the body as characteristics potentially capable of transformation.
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"mermaid." In Women in Shakespeare. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781623560928.04048.

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"Mermaid." In The Contemporary Russian Cinema Reader, 89–113. Academic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781618119650-006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mermaid"

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Koike, Amy, Satoshi Hashizume, Mose Sakashita, Yuki Kimura, Daitetsu Sato, Keita Kanai, and Yoichi Ochiai. "Syringe-worked mermaid." In SA '16: SIGGRAPH Asia 2016. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3005274.3005316.

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Watabe, Kazuo, Shiro Sakata, Kazutoshi Maeno, Hideyuki Fukuoka, and Toyoko Ohmori. "Distributed multiparty desktop conferencing system: MERMAID." In the 1990 ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/99332.99338.

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Templeton, Marjorie, David Brill, Arbee Chen, Son Dao, and Eric Lund. "Mermaid — Experiences with network operation." In 1986 IEEE Second International Conference on Data Engineering. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde.1986.7266233.

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Nimmo, Lauren, Ashley Ridge, and Jodie Thomson. "PW 0717 Mermaid tails, are they safe?" In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.413.

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Riazat, Muhammad Imran, Jamaleddin Abujennah, Bharti Kewlani, and Farhana Sharif. "P476 Sirenomelia (Mermaid Syndrome) – A rare congenital disorder." In Faculty of Paediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 9th Europaediatrics Congress, 13–15 June, Dublin, Ireland 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.812.

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Chakrabarty, Tuhin, Xurui Zhang, Smaranda Muresan, and Nanyun Peng. "MERMAID: Metaphor Generation with Symbolism and Discriminative Decoding." In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.336.

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Zvolsky, M., S. Seeger, M. Schaar, C. Schmidt, and M. Rafecas. "MERMAID - A PET Prototype for Small Aquatic Animal Imaging." In 2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic42101.2019.9059687.

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Terao, Yutaka. "Wave Devouring Propulsion System: From Concept to Trans-Pacific Voyage." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79223.

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In the spring of 2008, the Mermaid II began her historic voyage from Hawaii to Japan. According to the log of the vessel, the journey took 110 days and covered about 7800 km. The successful conclusion of the voyage demonstrated the possibility that Wave Devouring Propulsion System (WDPS) could be adapted to practical use. In order to capitalize on the success of this voyage, the author intended to design and tested a new WDPS hull within a year to build it. A WDPS is a thrust generator for a vessel that converts wave forces directly into forward thrust. Additionally it efficiently reduces hull pitch and roll motion, while also performing as a motion stabilizer. The Mermaid II, which is equipped with a WDPS, incorporates a specially designed catamaran hull form and twin hydrofoil system. A solid hydrofoil system that captures wave forces is set on the underside of the bow of the vessel. Those hydrofoils are connected to the hull with pin joints and are supported by soft springs that provide foil pitch restoring force.
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Toh, Shaun, Adriel Kuek, Wen-Haw Chong, and Roy Ka-Wei Lee. "MERMAID: A Dataset and Framework for Multimodal Meme Semantic Understanding." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386279.

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Seeger, S., H. P. Vo, C. Florack, J. Werner, C. Schmidt, and M. Rafecas. "First Images from MERMAID, a Small Aquatic Animal PET Scanner Prototype." In 2023 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detectors (NSS MIC RTSD). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmicrtsd49126.2023.10338697.

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Reports on the topic "Mermaid"

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Marmeladova, Sonia. El lugar de América Latina en el tablero geopolítico ruso: ¿cambios en la ecuación estratégica tras el 24-F? Fundación Carolina, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dt75.

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La influencia de Rusia en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) desde la aplicación de las sanciones por la anexión de Crimea en 2014 se enfrenta a serios retos. Las restricciones económicas y el incremento de las tarifas de transporte marítimo impuestos a Moscú afectaron negativamente la competitividad de sus productos de defensa en el mercado latinoamericano. El comercio bilateral, en sus mejores momentos, se situó alrededor del 2,4% en la estructura de las exportaciones de Rusia. Además, la cooperación en materia económica con Moscú está empeorando debido a la agresiva competencia de las empresas chi- nas y estadounidenses en la región. La diplomacia de vacunas debía abrir al Kremlin una ventana de oportunidades para redescubrir Latinoamérica, pero su alcance ha quedado mermado a causa de los daños reputacionales tras el 24-F. Sin embargo, la respuesta de ALC frente a la invasión, es una muestra de la escasa coherencia política regional: algunos países condenan los actos de Rusia (Argentina, Co- lombia, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay), otros defienden la postura de que el Kremlin fue provocado (Cuba, Nicaragua, Venezuela y Bolivia), y en Brasil y México se ha producido una actitud ambivalente que revela visiones conflictivas entre la presidencia y la cancillería. Finalmente, también hay Estados que claramente pretenden beneficiarse de la confrontación entre Moscú y Washington (El Salvador, Hon- duras o Ecuador). Estas incoherencias demuestran que el Kremlin está capitalizando los beneficios de su estrategia de “bajo coste” a través de la presencia mediática, al tiempo que las naciones latinoame- ricanas no están dispuestas a involucrarse en la confrontación con Rusia por razones indirectas.
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Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, Luz Adriana Flórez, Didier Hermida-Giraldo, Francisco Javier Lasso-Valderrama, Leonardo Fabio Morales-Zurita, José David Pulido, and Karen L. Pulido-Mahecha. Recuperación de la ocupación y dinámica reciente de la participación laboral. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rml.17.

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En la segunda mitad de 2020 el empleo continuó recuperándose, luego de su fuerte caída en el primer semestre. Sin embargo, en general, el mercado laboral todavía se encuentra bastante holgado como consecuencia de la crisis sanitaria por el covid-19, y muestra importantes disparidades entre grupos poblacionales y cambios en la composición de la ocupación. Respecto a las disparidades, las más notorias son las brechas de género, que se observan en ocupación, participación y desempleo. Por su parte, los cambios de composición del empleo son resultado de la recuperación más rápida de los segmentos no asalariado e informal vis a vis los segmentos asalariado y formal, algo previsible por su mayor flexibilidad y menores costos de entrada. Los ingresos laborales de los segmentos no asalariado e informal fueron los más afectados al inicio de la crisis y, aunque han registrado alguna recuperación, esta se debe fundamentalmente al aumento en sus horas trabajadas. La participación laboral también continúa recuperándose, pero los niveles siguen por debajo de los observados antes de la pandemia. Sin embargo, el crecimiento de la oferta laboral es menor que el de la ocupación, lo cual se ha visto reflejado en descensos consecutivos de la tasa de desempleo (TD). El ritmo de estos descensos, que fue importante al inicio de la recuperación del empleo, ha tendido a mermar en los últimos meses, dejando los registros de la TD en niveles aún considerablemente altos. Dadas estas altas TD y los bajos niveles que aún registran los índices de vacantes, la curva de Beveridge señala que el mercado laboral colombiano se encuentra significativamente holgado. Para 2021 se estima que la TD continuará decreciendo, aunque a un menor ritmo que el observado en la segunda mitad de 2020. Se espera que la TD nacional se ubique en promedio entre 12,5 % y 15,5 % en 2021, con 14 % como valor central. Las estimaciones de la TD de largo plazo consistente con una inflación estable (Nairu) sugieren una brecha de TD positiva de alrededor de 2,4 puntos porcentuales (pp) para 2021, por lo que la holgura del mercado laboral continuaría, aunque en menor grado que en 2020. Dado lo anterior, se esperaría que el mercado laboral no genere presiones al alza sobre la inflación durante 2021 por cuenta de costos salariales. Como es usual, este reporte se divide en dos secciones. En la primera se examinan en detalle los principales hechos coyunturales del mercado laboral. En la segunda se estudian los determinantes recientes de la participación laboral, y particularmente cómo la crisis sanitaria ha afectado la probabilidad de participación de distintos grupos poblacionales, de acuerdo tanto a sus características individuales como a las del hogar. Se encuentra que la pandemia provocó efectos negativos sobre la probabilidad de participar en mujeres, personas sin educación superior y pertenecientes a hogares con niños. En hogares con niños la pandemia aumenta la participación de hombres y reduce la de las mujeres, reflejando brechas importantes en la distribución de las actividades del cuidado. El efecto diferencial de la pandemia sobre las mujeres está concentrado en aquellas pertenecientes a hogares con niños, lo cual podría reflejar las limitaciones de los servicios de primera infancia y de los colegios durante la pandemia. A partir de este resultado se cuantifica la presión adicional sobre la oferta laboral y el desempleo que implicaría la total reapertura de estos servicios. Se estima que entre 159.000 y 205.000 mujeres regresarían a participar al mercado laboral, lo cual se traduciría en un aumento de la tasa global de participación entre 0,4 y 0,51 pp. En general, el efecto de este movimiento sobre el desempleo sería pequeño.
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3

Boletín Económico Regional : Noroccidente, IV trimestre de 2021. Banco de la República, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/ber-norocc.tr4-2021.

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Para el cuarto trimestre de 2021 la economía de la región Noroccidente continuó exhibiendo incrementos anuales destacados en sus actividades más importantes, pero con moderación frente al resultado previo. Sobresalieron la producción industrial y las ventas del comercio minorista en Antioquia, impulsadas por la demanda. A su vez, continuó el crecimiento de la ocupación hotelera y el transporte. Entretanto, los indicadores de la construcción en general se desaceleraron, mientras que los del rubro agropecuario se contrajeron en su gran mayoría. Con relación al sector externo, a pesar de la merma de las exportaciones de oro, las ventas externas de Antioquia continuaron aumentando, especialmente de café, flores y manufacturas; además, las importaciones registraron montos históricos, al igual que las remesas. Por su parte, cayó la tasa de desempleo en Quibdó y en Medellín, esta última ciudad en la que se agudizaron las presiones inflacionarias, especialmente por los alimentos.
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La economía del cambio climático en el Perú: Impactos en el sector minero. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006504.

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El sector minero es uno de los sectores más importantes de la economía peruana. Genera empleo e ingresos en actividades conexas debido al efecto multiplicador que induce en la economía nacional. Sin embargo este sector es el que más conflictos sociales genera, siendo las disputas por el consumo hídrico y la contaminación ambiental que generan sus operaciones. Dada la importancia de este sector en la económica peruana, es de esperar que elimpacto del cambio climático sea significativo a nivel macroeconómico. Se espera que una menor disponibilidad del recurso hídrico presione a las empresas mineras a incurrir en mayores costos. Por ende, este estudio analiza el efecto que tendrá esta disponibilidad sobre los costos de la actividad minera. El impacto económico es estimado como la variación en los niveles de extracción con/sin cambio climático, valorado por el precio sombra. Los resultados sugieren que los costos del cambio climático sobre el sector no son significativos en comparación al ingreso sectorial. Sin embargo, una significativa merma en el caudal pudiera reducir la disponibilidad hídrica para fines mineros. Es de esperar que el sector minero obtenga cierta ventaja, debido a que la mayor parte de los modelos usados en este estudio sugieren superávit hídrico para el grueso de las cuencas mineras.
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Moderada recuperación del empleo en 2021 y dinámica de las vacantes en oficios automatizables durante la pandemia. Banco de la República, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rml.18.

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En los primeros meses de 2021 la recuperación del empleo ha mermado su ritmo. Si bien la ocupación mantiene una tendencia creciente, su expansión se da a una menor velocidad que la registrada en el segundo semestre de 2020. El empleo asalariado y formal son los segmentos de más lenta recuperación, lo que se verifica no solo con los datos de la encuesta de hogares, sino también con los de registros administrativos. Este desempeño es resultado de que tanto las vacantes como las contrataciones asalariadas se mantienen relativamente estables, mientras que las tasas de separación han tendido a aumentar. Por su parte, la mayor creación de puestos de trabajo se registra en los segmentos informal y no asalariado, lo que acentúa la recomposición de la ocupación hacia los tipos de empleo de menor estabilidad en sus ingresos. En lo que respecta a la oferta, la participación laboral volvió a aumentar en febrero, luego de una relativa estabilidad en los meses previos. Lo anterior se reflejó en una reducción del ritmo de descenso de las tasas de desempleo (TD), las cuales se mantienen en niveles aún altos. Por otro lado, el mercado laboral sigue mostrando las importantes disparidades entre grupos poblacionales que agudizó la pandemia. En el caso del desempleo, si bien se han observado algunas correcciones durante los últimos meses, las brechas siguen siendo significativas para las mujeres, las personas no jefes de hogar, los jóvenes y los trabajadores con menor escolaridad. Finalmente, por el lado de los ingresos, mientras que los del segmento asalariado se han mantenido relativamente estables, los del no asalariado continúan muy por debajo de los observados un año atrás, a pesar de registrar alguna mejoría en los últimos meses. Dada la dinámica reciente en el mercado laboral y las previsiones en materia de actividad económica, se estima una reducción moderada de las TD en lo que resta de 2021. La TD nacional se ubicaría en promedio en 2021 entre un 12,8% y 15%, con un 13,9% como valor central. Por su parte, las estimaciones de la TD de largo plazo consistente con una inflación estable (Nairu) sugieren una brecha positiva de alrededor de 2,2 puntos porcentuales (pp) para el promedio de 2021, indicando que persiste un mercado laboral holgado que presiona a la baja la inflación vía costos salariales. Como es usual, este reporte se divide en dos secciones. En la primera se examinan en detalle los principales hechos coyunturales del mercado laboral. En la segunda se estudia cómo ha cambiado la demanda por nuevos puestos de trabajo durante la pandemia, utilizando como fuente de información el registro de vacantes recopilado por el Servicio Público de Empleo (SPE). Particularmente, se analizan cómo los cambios en las vacantes por ocupaciones se relacionan con ciertas características de estas, como son su potencial de automatización o teletrabajo. Finalmente, se evalúa si estos cambios en el mercado laboral sugieren un cambio en el proceso de emparejamiento entre las vacantes disponibles y las personas en búsqueda de empleo.
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